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Spanish is the de facto official and administrative language of Chile. It is spoken by 99.3% of the population in the form of Chilean Spanish, as well as Andean Spanish. Spanish in Chile is also referred to as "castellano". Although an officially recognized Hispanic language does not exist at the governmental level, the Constitution itself, as well as all official documents, are written in this language.
Indigenous peoples make up 4.58% of the Chilean population according to the 2002 Census, and the major languages of the population are as follows: Mapuche is spoken by an estimated 100,000–200,000 people; Aymara by 20,000 individuals; Quechua by 8,200 individuals; and Rapa Nui by 3,390 people. However, it is not explicit whether all these speakers use the language as their primary language.
According to Law 19253, also known as "The Indigenous Law" (1993), indigenous languages are officially recognized for use and conservation, in addition to Spanish, in the zones in which they are spoken. They can be used for instruction, the promotion of media communication, as names in the Civil Registry, as well as for artistic and cultural promotion.
Bilingual programs in areas occupied by indigenous communities are also under development. However, these programs exist only as small, isolated projects dedicated to the maintenance and promotion of indigenous languages, specifically Mapuche and Aymara, both with varying degrees of success.
In Chile, there are 15 different linguistic dialects spoken that could be considered distinct languages. These languages are varied, and in Chile—unlike other Southern American countries—no large linguistic family exists. Therefore, all indigenous languages are isolated or belong to small families of three or four languages.
Indigenous languages currently spokenedit
Mapuche: Mainly spoken in the Biobío, Aracuanía, Metropolitan, and Los Ríos regions by around 100,000 to 200,000 people with different levels of linguistic competency. The Chesungun or Huilliche dialect, spoken by only 2,000 Huilliche people in the Los Lagos region, is a divergent dialect that some experts consider a distinct language from Mapuche. 718,000 people of a total Chilean population of 17,574,003 are Mapuche.
Aymara: Spoken by 20,000 people in the Arica and Parinacota regions of Tarapacá. It is close to Bolivian Aymara.
Chilean Quechua,one of the varieties of Southern Quechua: Considered identitical to Sub-Bolivian, it is spoken by around 8,200 people in the region between Antofagasta and Bolivia.Within the Peruvian immigrants residing in established big cities, there are also speakers of distinct Quechuan dialects of Peru.
Cacán: The language was spoken by the Diaguita Pueblo in the North region of Chile.
Chono: It is conserved in one linguistic registry and is connected to Chiloé and the Guaitecas Islands; it may have been a northern dialect of Kawésqar.
Gününa këna: Spoken by the Gününa küne or Puelche people.
Kunza: Spoken by the Atacameño people around San Pedro de Atacama. It disappeared during the 20th century, and only a few hundred words are remembered. Currently, work is being done to recover it.
Ona: Spoken by the Selk'nam people on the island of Tierra del Fuego, this language disappeared in Chile during the 20th century, and in Argentina during the 21st century.
Tehuelche: Spoken by the Aonikenk or Tehuelches people, this language disappeared in Chile during the 20th century and is dwindling in Argentina. Extinct in 2019.
Yaghan: In Puerto Williams, Cristina Calderón, died in 2022, was the last speaker. Calderón created the dictionary for the continuation and survival of the Yaghan language.
Classification of indigenous languagesedit
The native languages of Chile belong to four or five linguistic families. In addition, half a dozen other languages are known, including isolated and unclassified languages, many of which are extinct today (indicated by the sign †). The following list includes more than a dozen indigenous languages amongst living languages and extinct languages in the country:
There is also a group of languages very scarcely documented and references to languages of extinct peoples, which have not been classified due to lack of information.
Non-indigenous languages spoken by distinct communities or immigrantsedit
German: maintained by the descendants of German immigrants who arrived in the south in the mid-19th century, mainly standard High German (acquired through education), but also vernacular forms such as German dialects from the shores of Lake Llanquihue.
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons y Charles D. Fennig (eds.) (2009). «Ethnologue report for Chile». Ethnologue: Languages of the World (en inglés) (16th Edition) (Dallas, Texas: SIL International). Accessed October 29, 2009.
Moreno Fernández, Francisco, y Jaime Otero Roth (2006). «2. Demolingüística del dominio hispanohablante - 2.5 Demografía del español en el mundo hispánico»(PDF). Demografía de la lengua española. pp. 20–21. Consultado el 12 de noviembre de 2011.
Sáez Godoy, Leopoldo (2001). «El dialecto más austral del español: fonética del español de Chile». II Congreso internacional de la lengua española. Unidad y diversidad del español(Valladolid). Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011.
Cavada, Francisco J. (1914). «Estudios lingüísticos». Chiloé y los chilotes. Santiago: Imprenta Universitaria. pp. 448.
Zúñiga, Fernando (2006). «Los mapuches y su lengua». Mapudungun. El habla mapuche. Santiago: Centro de Estudios Públicos. p. 402. ISBN956-7015-40-6
Albó, Xavier. «Aymaras entre Bolivia, Perú y Chile». Estudios atacameños(Antofagasta: Universidad Católica del Norte) (19): 43–73.
Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación (MIDEPLAN) (5 de octubre de 1993). «Ley 19253 de 1993 del Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación» (HTML). Consultado el 24 de abril de 2011. «El Estado reconoce como principales etnias indígenas de Chile a: la Mapuche, Aimara, Rapa Nui o Pascuenses, la de las comunidades Atacameñas, Quechuas y Collas del norte del país, las comunidades Kawashkar o Alacalufe y Yámana o Yagán de los canales australes».
Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) (2009). «Ethnologue report for language code: ayr - Aymara, Central». Ethnologue: Languages of the World (en inglés) (16.ª edición) (Dallas, Texas: SIL International). Consultado el 9 de mayo de 2012.
Wagner, Claudio (Septiembre de 2006). «Sincronía y diacronía en el habla dialectal chilena». Estudios Filologicos. doi:10.4067/S0071-17132006000100017. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2016.
De Ruyt, Felipe (19 de abril de 2015). «Capacitan en idioma créole a matronas para atender a creciente población haitiana migrante» (HTML). El Mercurio On-Line. Consultado el 9 de noviembre de 2015.
Zlatar Mountain, Vjera (2005). Los croatas, el salitre y Tarapacá (PDF) (2.ª edición). Iquique: Hrvatski Dom. p. 286. ISBN956-7379-24-6. Consultado el 22 de abril de 2012.
«La inmigración italiana». Ciudad de Valparaíso. 2008. Archivado desde el original el 7 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 27 de marzo de 2011.
External linksedit
Ethnologue: Chile
Chilean Slang… from A to Z – This is Chile
Chilean Expressions – This is Chile
November 24, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish August 2021 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 140 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Lenguas de Chile see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Lenguas de Chile to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Spanish is the de facto official and administrative language of Chile It is spoken by 99 3 of the population in the form of Chilean Spanish as well as Andean Spanish Spanish in Chile is also referred to as castellano Although an officially recognized Hispanic language does not exist at the governmental level the Constitution itself as well as all official documents are written in this language Languages of ChileSign in Puerto Montt in Spanish English and MapucheOfficialSpanish de facto IndigenousCurrently spoken AymaraKawesqarMapudungunQuechuaRapa Nui Extinct or sleeping languages CacanChonoGununa kenaKunzaSelk namTehuelcheYaghanRegionalCroatian Greek Italian English Kreyol German RomaniVernacularChilean Spanish PatagonicoForeignEnglishSignedSigned Spanish Chilean Sign Language LSCh Keyboard layoutSpanish Latinamerican QWERTYA Mapuche woman in traditional dressIndigenous peoples make up 4 58 of the Chilean population according to the 2002 Census and the major languages of the population are as follows Mapuche is spoken by an estimated 100 000 200 000 people Aymara by 20 000 individuals Quechua by 8 200 individuals and Rapa Nui by 3 390 people However it is not explicit whether all these speakers use the language as their primary language According to Law 19253 also known as The Indigenous Law 1993 indigenous languages are officially recognized for use and conservation in addition to Spanish in the zones in which they are spoken They can be used for instruction the promotion of media communication as names in the Civil Registry as well as for artistic and cultural promotion Bilingual programs in areas occupied by indigenous communities are also under development However these programs exist only as small isolated projects dedicated to the maintenance and promotion of indigenous languages specifically Mapuche and Aymara both with varying degrees of success Contents 1 Indigenous languages of Chile 1 1 Indigenous languages currently spoken 1 2 Indigenous languages in danger of extinction 1 3 Extinct indigenous languages 1 4 Classification of indigenous languages 2 Non indigenous languages spoken by distinct communities or immigrants 3 References 4 External linksIndigenous languages of Chile editIn Chile there are 15 different linguistic dialects spoken that could be considered distinct languages These languages are varied and in Chile unlike other Southern American countries no large linguistic family exists Therefore all indigenous languages are isolated or belong to small families of three or four languages Indigenous languages currently spoken edit Mapuche Mainly spoken in the Biobio Aracuania Metropolitan and Los Rios regions by around 100 000 to 200 000 people with different levels of linguistic competency The Chesungun or Huilliche dialect spoken by only 2 000 Huilliche people in the Los Lagos region is a divergent dialect that some experts consider a distinct language from Mapuche 718 000 people of a total Chilean population of 17 574 003 are Mapuche Aymara Spoken by 20 000 people in the Arica and Parinacota regions of Tarapaca It is close to Bolivian Aymara Chilean Quechua one of the varieties of Southern Quechua Considered identitical to Sub Bolivian it is spoken by around 8 200 people in the region between Antofagasta and Bolivia Within the Peruvian immigrants residing in established big cities there are also speakers of distinct Quechuan dialects of Peru Rapa Nui Used by only 3 390 speakers majority of speakers are of Easter Island and a few reside in continental cities like Valparaiso or Santiago Indigenous languages in danger of extinction edit Kawesqar Spoken by a dozen people in Puerto Eden Extinct indigenous languages edit Cacan The language was spoken by the Diaguita Pueblo in the North region of Chile Chono It is conserved in one linguistic registry and is connected to Chiloe and the Guaitecas Islands it may have been a northern dialect of Kawesqar Gununa kena Spoken by the Gununa kune or Puelche people Kunza Spoken by the Atacameno people around San Pedro de Atacama It disappeared during the 20th century and only a few hundred words are remembered Currently work is being done to recover it Ona Spoken by the Selk nam people on the island of Tierra del Fuego this language disappeared in Chile during the 20th century and in Argentina during the 21st century Tehuelche Spoken by the Aonikenk or Tehuelches people this language disappeared in Chile during the 20th century and is dwindling in Argentina Extinct in 2019 Yaghan In Puerto Williams Cristina Calderon died in 2022 was the last speaker Calderon created the dictionary for the continuation and survival of the Yaghan language Classification of indigenous languages edit The native languages of Chile belong to four or five linguistic families In addition half a dozen other languages are known including isolated and unclassified languages many of which are extinct today indicated by the sign The following list includes more than a dozen indigenous languages amongst living languages and extinct languages in the country Classification of Indigenous Chilean Languages Family Group Language TerritoryAymara languages A widely practiced language the southern branch of Chile still has many speakers Aymara Arica and Parinacota TarapacaAustronesian Languages An extended linguistic family of the Pacific Ocean which reached Easter Island around the 5th century Malaysian Polynesian Polynesian Rapa Nui Easter IslandChon Puelche Languages The Chon languages form a clear phylogenetic group and only recent evidence has been provided to link it to Puelche Chon Selk nam MagallanesTehuelche Aysen MagallanesPuelche Gununa kena Los Rios Los LagosHuarpe Languages Originally from Cuyo during the 17th century many Huarpes were deported to Santiago where they became a large community Allentiac SantiagoMillcayac SantiagoQuechuan Languages These languages constitute different families of languages since not all varieties of Quechua are mutually understandable Quechua II Southern Quechua El LoaLanguage Isolates Attempts have been made to group these languages into larger families but without success Kawesqar MagallanesKunza AntofagastaMapuche Araucania Metropolitan Region of Santiago Biobio Los Rios Los LagosYaghan MagallanesUnclassified Languages There is also a group of languages very scarcely documented and references to languages of extinct peoples which have not been classified due to lack of information Cacan AtacamaChono Los Lagos AysenSee also Anexo Lenguas indigenas de AmericaNon indigenous languages spoken by distinct communities or immigrants editGerman maintained by the descendants of German immigrants who arrived in the south in the mid 19th century mainly standard High German acquired through education but also vernacular forms such as German dialects from the shores of Lake Llanquihue Haitian Creole used by the Haitian community Croatian spoken by Croatian immigrant communities especially in the south of the country English spoken by immigrants and their descendants Italian spoken by the Italian immigrant community Romani Spoken by the Romani people Chilean Sign Language Used by the country s Deaf community References editLewis M Paul Gary F Simons y Charles D Fennig eds 2009 Ethnologue report for Chile Ethnologue Languages of the World en ingles 16th Edition Dallas Texas SIL International Accessed October 29 2009 Moreno Fernandez Francisco y Jaime Otero Roth 2006 2 Demolinguistica del dominio hispanohablante 2 5 Demografia del espanol en el mundo hispanico PDF Demografia de la lengua espanola pp 20 21 Consultado el 12 de noviembre de 2011 Saez Godoy Leopoldo 2001 El dialecto mas austral del espanol fonetica del espanol de Chile II Congreso internacional de la lengua espanola Unidad y diversidad del espanol Valladolid Consultado el 9 de abril de 2011 Cavada Francisco J 1914 Estudios linguisticos Chiloe y los chilotes Santiago Imprenta Universitaria pp 448 Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas INE marzo de 2003 Censo 2002 Sintesis de resultados PDF www ine cl Zuniga Fernando 2006 Los mapuches y su lengua Mapudungun El habla mapuche Santiago Centro de Estudios Publicos p 402 ISBN 956 7015 40 6 Albo Xavier Aymaras entre Bolivia Peru y Chile Estudios atacamenos Antofagasta Universidad Catolica del Norte 19 43 73 Ministerio de Planificacion y Cooperacion MIDEPLAN 5 de octubre de 1993 Ley 19253 de 1993 del Ministerio de Planificacion y Cooperacion HTML Consultado el 24 de abril de 2011 El Estado reconoce como principales etnias indigenas de Chile a la Mapuche Aimara Rapa Nui o Pascuenses la de las comunidades Atacamenas Quechuas y Collas del norte del pais las comunidades Kawashkar o Alacalufe y Yamana o Yagan de los canales australes Language of the land The politics of kb osu edu n d Retrieved November 1 2021 from https kb osu edu bitstream handle 1811 87588 GutmannFuentesAndrea Thesis pdf Lewis M Paul ed 2009 Ethnologue report for language code ayr Aymara Central Ethnologue Languages of the World en ingles 16 ª edicion Dallas Texas SIL International Consultado el 9 de mayo de 2012 Wagner Claudio Septiembre de 2006 Sincronia y diacronia en el habla dialectal chilena Estudios Filologicos doi 10 4067 S0071 17132006000100017 Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2016 De Ruyt Felipe 19 de abril de 2015 Capacitan en idioma creole a matronas para atender a creciente poblacion haitiana migrante HTML El Mercurio On Line Consultado el 9 de noviembre de 2015 Zlatar Mountain Vjera 2005 Los croatas el salitre y Tarapaca PDF 2 ª edicion Iquique Hrvatski Dom p 286 ISBN 956 7379 24 6 Consultado el 22 de abril de 2012 La inmigracion italiana Ciudad de Valparaiso 2008 Archivado desde el original el 7 de julio de 2011 Consultado el 27 de marzo de 2011 External links editEthnologue Chile Chilean Slang from A to Z This is Chile Chilean Expressions This is Chile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Languages of Chile amp oldid 1173942710, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
