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Pathé

April 23, 2023

This article is about the French film company. For their music business, see Pathé Records. For other uses, see Pathe (disambiguation).

Pathé or Pathé Frères (French pronunciation: ​[pate fʁɛʁ], styled as PATHÉ!) is the name of various French businesses that were founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France starting in 1896. In the early 1900s, Pathé became the world's largest film equipment and production company, as well as a major producer of phonograph records. In 1908, Pathé invented the newsreel that was shown in cinemas before a feature film.[2]

Pathé
Pathé's current logo
Pathé's headquarters in Paris, France.
IndustryEntertainment
Founded28 September 1896; 126 years ago (1896-09-28)
Headquarters2 Rue Lamennais 75008,
Paris
,
France
Revenue €903 million (2017)[1]
OwnerJérôme Seydoux
Eduardo Malone
Number of employees
4,210 (2017)[1]
SubsidiariesPathé Films
Pathé Séries
Pathé Cinémas
Fondation Pathé
Vendôme Production
Pricel
Websitepathe.com

Pathé is a major film production and distribution company, owning a number of cinema chains through its subsidiary Pathé Cinémas and television networks across Europe. It is the second-oldest operating film company behind Gaumont Film Company, which was established in 1895.

History

 
The Pathé Brothers by Adrien Barrère

The company was founded as Société Pathé Frères (Pathé Brothers Company) in Paris, France on 28 September 1896, by the four brothers Charles, Émile, Théophile and Jacques Pathé.[3] During the first part of the 20th century, Pathé became the largest film equipment and production company in the world, as well as a major producer of phonograph records.

 
Headquarters of Associated British-Pathé at 142 Wardour Street in London

Pathé Records

Main article: Pathé Records

The driving force behind the film operation and phonograph business was Charles Pathé, who had helped open a phonograph shop in 1894 and established a phonograph factory at Chatou on the western outskirts of Paris. The Pathé brothers began selling Edison and Columbia phonographs and accompanying cylinder records and later, the brothers designed and sold their own phonographs that incorporated elements of other brands.[4] Soon after, they also started marketing pre-recorded cylinder records. By 1896 the Pathé brothers had offices and recording studios not only in Paris, but also in London, Milan, and St. Petersburg. Pathé manufactured cylinder records until approximately 1914. In 1905,[5] the Pathé brothers entered the growing field of disc records.[6]

In France, Pathé became the largest and most successful distributor of cylinder records and phonographs. These, however, failed to make headway in foreign markets such as the United Kingdom and the United States where other brands were already in widespread use.[7]

In December 1928, the French and British Pathé phonograph assets were sold to the British Columbia Graphophone Company. In July 1929, the assets of the American Pathé record company were merged into the newly formed American Record Corporation.[5] The Pathé and Pathé-Marconi labels and catalogue still survive, first as imprints of EMI and now currently EMI's successor Parlophone Records.

Pathé films

As the phonograph business became successful, Pathé saw the opportunities offered by new means of entertainment and in particular by the fledgling motion picture industry. Having decided to expand the record business to include film equipment, the company expanded dramatically. To finance its growth, the company took the name Compagnie Générale des Établissements Pathé Frères Phonographes & Cinématographes (sometimes abbreviated as "C.G.P.C.") in 1897, and its shares were listed on the Paris Stock Exchange.[8] In 1896, Mitchell Mark of Buffalo, New York, became the first American to import Pathé films to the United States, where they were shown in the Vitascope Theater.[9]

In 1907, Pathé acquired the Lumière brothers' patents and then set about to design an improved studio camera and to make their own film stock. Their technologically advanced equipment, new processing facilities built at Vincennes, and aggressive merchandising combined with efficient distribution systems allowed them to capture a huge share of the international market. They first expanded to London in 1902 where they set up production facilities and a chain of cinemas.[10]

By 1909, Pathé had built more than 200 cinemas in France and Belgium and by the following year they had facilities in Madrid, Moscow, Rome and New York City plus Australia and Japan. Slightly later, they opened a film exchange in Buffalo, New York.[10] Through its American subsidiary, it was part of the MPPC cartel of production in the United States. It participated in the Paris Film Congress in February 1909 as part of a plan to create a similar European organisation. The company withdrew from the project in a second meeting in April which fatally undermined the proposal.

Prior to the outbreak of World War I, Pathé dominated Europe's market in motion picture cameras and projectors. It has been estimated[11] that at one time, 60 percent of all films were shot with Pathé equipment. In 1908, Pathé distributed Excursion to the Moon by Segundo de Chomón, an imitation of Georges Méliès's A Trip to the Moon. Pathé and Méliès worked together in 1911. Georges Méliès made a film Baron Munchausen's Dream, his first film to be distributed by Pathé. Pathé's relationship with Méliès soured, and in 1913 Méliès went bankrupt, and his last film was never released by Pathé.[12]

Innovations

Worldwide, the company emphasised research, investing in such experiments as hand-coloured film and the synchronisation of film and gramophone recordings. In 1908, Pathé invented the newsreel that was shown in theatres prior to the feature film. The news clips featured the Pathé logo of a crowing rooster at the beginning of each reel. In 1912, it introduced 28 mm non-flammable film and equipment under the brand name Pathescope. Pathé News produced cinema newsreels from 1910, up until the 1970s when production ceased as a result of mass television ownership.[13]

In the United States, beginning in 1914, the company built film production studios in Fort Lee and Jersey City, NJ, where their building still stands. The Heights, Jersey City produced the extremely successful serialised episodes called The Perils of Pauline. By 1918 Pathé had grown to the point where it was necessary to separate operations into two distinct divisions. With Emile Pathé as chief executive, Pathé Records dealt exclusively with phonographs and recordings while brother Charles managed Pathé-Cinéma which was responsible for film production, distribution, and exhibition.[14]

1922 saw the introduction of the Pathé Baby home film system using a new 9.5 mm film stock which became popular over the next few decades. In 1921, Pathé sold off its United States motion picture production arm, which was renamed "Pathé Exchange" and later merged into RKO Pictures, disappearing as an independent brand in 1931. Pathé sold its British film studios to Eastman Kodak in 1927 while maintaining the theatre and distribution arm.[14]

Pathé-Baby 9.5 mm film version of La Cité foudroyée (1924)

Natan to Parretti

Pathé was already in substantial financial trouble when Bernard Natan took control of the company in 1929. Studio founder Charles Pathé had been selling assets for several years to boost investor value and keep the studio's cash flow healthy. The company's founder had even sold Pathé's name and "rooster" trademark to other companies in return for a mere two percent of revenues. Natan had the bad luck to take charge of the studio just as the Great Depression convulsed the French economy.[15][16]

Natan attempted to steady Pathé's finances and implement modern film industry practices at the studio. Natan acquired another film studio, Société des Cinéromans, from Arthur Bernède and Gaston Leroux, which enabled Pathé to expand into projector and electronics manufacturing. He also bought the Fornier chain of motion picture theatres and rapidly expanded the chain's nationwide presence.[15][16][17] The French press, however, attacked Natan mercilessly for his stewardship of Pathé. Many of these attacks were antisemitic.[18]

Pathé-Natan did well under Natan's guidance. Between 1930 and 1935, despite the world economic crisis, the company made 100 million francs in profits, and produced and released more than 60 feature films (just as many films as major American studios produced at the time). He resumed production of the newsreel Pathé News, which had not been produced since 1927.[15]

Natan also invested heavily into research and development to expand Pathé's film business. In 1929, he pushed Pathé into sound film. In September, the studio produced its first sound feature film, and its first sound newsreel a month later. Natan also launched two new cinema-related magazines, Pathé-Revue and Actualités Féminines, to help market Pathé's films and build consumer demand for cinema. Under Natan, Pathé also funded the research of Henri Chrétien, who developed the anamorphic lens (leading to the creation of CinemaScope and other widescreen film formats common today).[16][17]

Natan expanded Pathé's business interests into communications industries other than film. In November 1929, Natan established France's first television company, Télévision-Baird-Natan. A year later, he purchased a radio station in Paris and formed a holding company (Radio-Natan-Vitus) to run what would become a burgeoning radio empire.[15][16][17]

But in 1935, Pathé went bankrupt. In order to finance the company's continued expansion, Pathé's board of directors (which still included Charles Pathé) voted in 1930 to issue shares worth 105 million francs. But with the depression deepening, only 50 percent of the shares were purchased. One of the investor banks collapsed due to financial difficulties unrelated to Pathé's problems, and Pathé was forced to follow through with the purchase of several cinema chains it no longer could afford to buy. Although the company continued to make a profit (as noted above), it lost more money than it could bring in.[16][17]

The collapse of Pathé led French authorities to indict Bernard Natan on charges of fraud. Natan was accused of financing the purchase of the company without any collateral, of bilking investors by establishing fictitious shell corporations, and negligent financial mismanagement. Natan was even accused of hiding his Romanian and Jewish heritage by changing his name. Natan was indicted and imprisoned in 1939. A second indictment was brought in 1941, and he was convicted shortly thereafter. He was removed from prison by the French authorities in September 1942, delivered to the Nazis, and deported to Auschwitz where he died in October 1942.[15][16][17]

The company was forced to undergo a restructuring in 1943 and was acquired by Adrien Ramauge.[19] Over the years, the business underwent a number of changes including diversification into producing programmes for the burgeoning television industry. During the 1970s, operating theatres overtook film production as Pathé's primary source of revenue.

In the late 1980s, Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti tried to make a bid for Pathé, even taking over Cannon and renaming it Pathé Communications in anticipation of owning the storied studio. Parretti's shady past, however, raised enough eyebrows in the French government that the deal fell through. It turned out to be a fortunate decision, as Parretti later took over Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and merged it with his Pathé Communications Group to create MGM-Pathé Communications in 1990, only to lose it in bankruptcy in late 1991.

Jérôme Seydoux

In 1990 Chargeurs, a French conglomerate led by Jérôme Seydoux, took control of the company.[20] As a result of the deregulation of the French telecommunications market, in June 1999 Pathé merged with Vivendi, with the exchange ratio for the merger fixed at three Vivendi shares for every two Pathé shares. The Wall Street Journal estimated the value of the deal at US$2.59 billion. Following the completion of the merger, Vivendi retained Pathé's interests in British Sky Broadcasting and CanalSatellite, a French broadcasting corporation,[21] but then sold all remaining assets to Jérôme Seydoux's family-owned corporation, Fornier SA, which changed its name to Pathé.

Assets

 
Pathé multiplex in Dietlikon, Switzerland

A list of current and former assets of Pathé.[22]

Current assets

  • Pathé Cinémas (cinema chain)
  • Pathé Films (movie production with units in France and the United Kingdom; distributor in France, the United Kingdom and Switzerland, with a catalogue of over 800 films.)
  • Pathé Live (distributor of event cinema.)

Former assets

International distribution

France

In its home country France, Pathé self-distributes its films through Pathé Films (formerly called AMLF (Agence méditerranéenne de location de films) from 1972 to 1998). On home video, their films are distributed by Fox Pathé Europa, a joint venture between Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, Pathé and EuropaCorp.

United Kingdom

From the beginning of the 80's, Pathé released their movies through Guild Film Distribution and Guild Home Video. After Pathé purchased Guild in 1996, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (later Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment) took over as the home video distributor, while the then-renamed Guild Pathé Cinema took over theatrically, which was eventually renamed as Pathé Distribution in 1998. Guild Home Video remained as an in-name only dormant business of Pathé until folding on 17 December 2019.[24]

In 2009, Pathé closed their standalone distribution unit in the UK and instead partnered up with Warner Bros. Pictures to instead release their own produced movies and Pedro Almodóvar's movies theatrically after the U.S. failure of Doogal and the U.K. failure of The Hottie and the Nottie, causing two of their films Chatroom and Dead Man Running being transferred to the now defunct UK distributor Revolver Entertainment and The Illusionist in 2010 being their last standalone distributor film to date, while retaining 20th Century Fox as the home video distributor. On 1 February 2011, Fox took over as Pathé's theatrical distributor as well.[25]

With the purchase of 20th Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company on 20 March 2019, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures took over distributing Pathé's material, releasing Misbehaviour and The Human Voice.

On 7 June 2021, it was announced that Warner Bros. Pictures would return to distributing Pathé films in the UK after the then-current deal with Disney expired on 30 June 2021 with the first films being released under the new deal being Parallel Mothers and The Duke. Unlike the 2009 deal, this new deal will include home video and digital rights as well, which Fox/Disney previously handled.[26]

Films

1950s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

French

2020s

French

British

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b http://2017.pathe.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Pathe-year_book-2017.pdf[dead link]
  2. ^ "History of British Pathé". www.britishpathe.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  3. ^ "Trade catalogs from Pathé Frères SA". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  4. ^ Hoffmann, Frank; Howard Ferstler (2005). The Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound. CRC Press. ISBN 0-415-93835-X.
  5. ^ a b Copeland, George; Ronald Dethlefson (1999). Pathé Records and Phonographs in America, 1914-1922 (1 ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Mulholland Press. OCLC 44146208.
  6. ^ "Pathé vertical-cut disc record (1905 – 1932) – Museum Of Obsolete Media". www.obsoletemedia.org. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  7. ^ Fabrizio, Timothy; George Paul (2000). Discovering Antique Phonographs. Atglen PA: Sciffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-1048-8.
  8. ^ "Who's Who of Victorian Cinema". www.victorian-cinema.net.
  9. ^ Abel 1999, pp. 23–24.
  10. ^ a b Abel 1999, p. 25.
  11. ^ . Electrolux. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  12. ^ Abel 1999, p. 26.
  13. ^ Researcher's Guide to British Newsreels 1993, p. 80.
  14. ^ a b Abel 1999, pp. 32–35.
  15. ^ a b c d e Willems, Gilles "Les origines de Pathé-Natan" In Une Histoire Économique du Cinéma Français (1895–1995), Regards Croisés Franco-Américains, Pierre-Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage, eds. Paris: Harmattan, Collection Champs Visuels, 1997. English translation: "The origins of Pathé-Natan." 9 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine La Trobe University. Retrieved: 1 January 2017.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Abel, Richard. French Cinema: The First Wave 1915–1929 Paperback ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-691-00813-2.
  17. ^ a b c d e Willems, Gilles. "Les Origines du Groupe Pathé-Natan et le Modele Americain." Vingtième Siècle 46, April–June 1995.
  18. ^ Hutchinson, Pamela (14 December 2015). "In need of rehabilitation: Bernard Natan, the Holocaust victim who saved France's film industry". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  19. ^ Gant 1999, p. 370.
  20. ^ "Pathé, Gaumont and Seydoux: Pathe." 24 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ketupa.net. Retrieved: 19 October 2010.
  21. ^ Williams, Michael (8 June 1999). "Vivendi nabs sat stakes for Pathe merger". Variety. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  22. ^ (PDF). Annual Report. Pathé. March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  23. ^ "Breakdown of Share Capital as of 31 December 2019". Article. Olympique Lyonnaise. 31 December 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  24. ^ "GUILD HOME VIDEO LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". Beta.companieshouse.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  25. ^ London, Tim Adler in (1 February 2011). "Pathé UK Swaps Warner Bros For Fox".
  26. ^ Yossman, K. J. (7 June 2021). "Warner Bros, Pathé Strike U.K. Distribution Deal". Variety. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  27. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (12 April 2023). "Pedro Almodóvar's Gay Western Short 'Strange Way of Life' Scores First Deal With MUBI (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 12 April 2023.

Bibliography

  • Abel, Richard. The Red Rooster Scare: Making Cinema American, 1900–1910. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-21478-1.
  • Gant, Tina. International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 8; Volume 29. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale, 1999. ISBN 1-5-586-2392-2.
  • Researcher's Guide to British Newsreels. London: British Universities Film & Video Council. 1993. ISBN 0-901299-65-0.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pathé.
  • "Moscow clad in snow", one of the first films by Pathé on YouTube

April 23, 2023
pathé, this, article, about, french, film, company, their, music, business, records, other, uses, pathe, disambiguation, frères, french, pronunciation, pate, fʁɛʁ, styled, pathÉ, name, various, french, businesses, that, were, founded, originally, brothers, fra. This article is about the French film company For their music business see Pathe Records For other uses see Pathe disambiguation Pathe or Pathe Freres French pronunciation pate fʁɛʁ styled as PATHE is the name of various French businesses that were founded and originally run by the Pathe Brothers of France starting in 1896 In the early 1900s Pathe became the world s largest film equipment and production company as well as a major producer of phonograph records In 1908 Pathe invented the newsreel that was shown in cinemas before a feature film 2 PathePathe s current logoPathe s headquarters in Paris France IndustryEntertainmentFounded28 September 1896 126 years ago 1896 09 28 Headquarters2 Rue Lamennais 75008 Paris FranceRevenue 903 million 2017 1 OwnerJerome SeydouxEduardo MaloneNumber of employees4 210 2017 1 SubsidiariesPathe FilmsPathe SeriesPathe CinemasFondation PatheVendome ProductionPricelWebsitepathe comPathe is a major film production and distribution company owning a number of cinema chains through its subsidiary Pathe Cinemas and television networks across Europe It is the second oldest operating film company behind Gaumont Film Company which was established in 1895 Contents 1 History 1 1 Pathe Records 1 2 Pathe films 1 3 Innovations 1 4 Natan to Parretti 1 5 Jerome Seydoux 2 Assets 2 1 Current assets 2 2 Former assets 3 International distribution 3 1 France 3 2 United Kingdom 4 Films 4 1 1950s 4 2 1980s 4 3 1990s 4 4 2000s 4 5 2010s 4 5 1 French 4 6 2020s 4 6 1 French 4 6 2 British 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Bibliography 7 External linksHistory Edit The Pathe Brothers by Adrien Barrere The company was founded as Societe Pathe Freres Pathe Brothers Company in Paris France on 28 September 1896 by the four brothers Charles Emile Theophile and Jacques Pathe 3 During the first part of the 20th century Pathe became the largest film equipment and production company in the world as well as a major producer of phonograph records Headquarters of Associated British Pathe at 142 Wardour Street in London Pathe Records Edit Main article Pathe Records The driving force behind the film operation and phonograph business was Charles Pathe who had helped open a phonograph shop in 1894 and established a phonograph factory at Chatou on the western outskirts of Paris The Pathe brothers began selling Edison and Columbia phonographs and accompanying cylinder records and later the brothers designed and sold their own phonographs that incorporated elements of other brands 4 Soon after they also started marketing pre recorded cylinder records By 1896 the Pathe brothers had offices and recording studios not only in Paris but also in London Milan and St Petersburg Pathe manufactured cylinder records until approximately 1914 In 1905 5 the Pathe brothers entered the growing field of disc records 6 In France Pathe became the largest and most successful distributor of cylinder records and phonographs These however failed to make headway in foreign markets such as the United Kingdom and the United States where other brands were already in widespread use 7 In December 1928 the French and British Pathe phonograph assets were sold to the British Columbia Graphophone Company In July 1929 the assets of the American Pathe record company were merged into the newly formed American Record Corporation 5 The Pathe and Pathe Marconi labels and catalogue still survive first as imprints of EMI and now currently EMI s successor Parlophone Records Pathe films Edit As the phonograph business became successful Pathe saw the opportunities offered by new means of entertainment and in particular by the fledgling motion picture industry Having decided to expand the record business to include film equipment the company expanded dramatically To finance its growth the company took the name Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Pathe Freres Phonographes amp Cinematographes sometimes abbreviated as C G P C in 1897 and its shares were listed on the Paris Stock Exchange 8 In 1896 Mitchell Mark of Buffalo New York became the first American to import Pathe films to the United States where they were shown in the Vitascope Theater 9 In 1907 Pathe acquired the Lumiere brothers patents and then set about to design an improved studio camera and to make their own film stock Their technologically advanced equipment new processing facilities built at Vincennes and aggressive merchandising combined with efficient distribution systems allowed them to capture a huge share of the international market They first expanded to London in 1902 where they set up production facilities and a chain of cinemas 10 By 1909 Pathe had built more than 200 cinemas in France and Belgium and by the following year they had facilities in Madrid Moscow Rome and New York City plus Australia and Japan Slightly later they opened a film exchange in Buffalo New York 10 Through its American subsidiary it was part of the MPPC cartel of production in the United States It participated in the Paris Film Congress in February 1909 as part of a plan to create a similar European organisation The company withdrew from the project in a second meeting in April which fatally undermined the proposal Prior to the outbreak of World War I Pathe dominated Europe s market in motion picture cameras and projectors It has been estimated 11 that at one time 60 percent of all films were shot with Pathe equipment In 1908 Pathe distributed Excursion to the Moon by Segundo de Chomon an imitation of Georges Melies s A Trip to the Moon Pathe and Melies worked together in 1911 Georges Melies made a film Baron Munchausen s Dream his first film to be distributed by Pathe Pathe s relationship with Melies soured and in 1913 Melies went bankrupt and his last film was never released by Pathe 12 Innovations Edit Worldwide the company emphasised research investing in such experiments as hand coloured film and the synchronisation of film and gramophone recordings In 1908 Pathe invented the newsreel that was shown in theatres prior to the feature film The news clips featured the Pathe logo of a crowing rooster at the beginning of each reel In 1912 it introduced 28 mm non flammable film and equipment under the brand name Pathescope Pathe News produced cinema newsreels from 1910 up until the 1970s when production ceased as a result of mass television ownership 13 In the United States beginning in 1914 the company built film production studios in Fort Lee and Jersey City NJ where their building still stands The Heights Jersey City produced the extremely successful serialised episodes called The Perils of Pauline By 1918 Pathe had grown to the point where it was necessary to separate operations into two distinct divisions With Emile Pathe as chief executive Pathe Records dealt exclusively with phonographs and recordings while brother Charles managed Pathe Cinema which was responsible for film production distribution and exhibition 14 1922 saw the introduction of the Pathe Baby home film system using a new 9 5 mm film stock which became popular over the next few decades In 1921 Pathe sold off its United States motion picture production arm which was renamed Pathe Exchange and later merged into RKO Pictures disappearing as an independent brand in 1931 Pathe sold its British film studios to Eastman Kodak in 1927 while maintaining the theatre and distribution arm 14 source source source source source source source source Pathe Baby 9 5 mm film version of La Cite foudroyee 1924 Natan to Parretti Edit Pathe was already in substantial financial trouble when Bernard Natan took control of the company in 1929 Studio founder Charles Pathe had been selling assets for several years to boost investor value and keep the studio s cash flow healthy The company s founder had even sold Pathe s name and rooster trademark to other companies in return for a mere two percent of revenues Natan had the bad luck to take charge of the studio just as the Great Depression convulsed the French economy 15 16 Natan attempted to steady Pathe s finances and implement modern film industry practices at the studio Natan acquired another film studio Societe des Cineromans from Arthur Bernede and Gaston Leroux which enabled Pathe to expand into projector and electronics manufacturing He also bought the Fornier chain of motion picture theatres and rapidly expanded the chain s nationwide presence 15 16 17 The French press however attacked Natan mercilessly for his stewardship of Pathe Many of these attacks were antisemitic 18 Pathe Natan did well under Natan s guidance Between 1930 and 1935 despite the world economic crisis the company made 100 million francs in profits and produced and released more than 60 feature films just as many films as major American studios produced at the time He resumed production of the newsreel Pathe News which had not been produced since 1927 15 Natan also invested heavily into research and development to expand Pathe s film business In 1929 he pushed Pathe into sound film In September the studio produced its first sound feature film and its first sound newsreel a month later Natan also launched two new cinema related magazines Pathe Revue and Actualites Feminines to help market Pathe s films and build consumer demand for cinema Under Natan Pathe also funded the research of Henri Chretien who developed the anamorphic lens leading to the creation of CinemaScope and other widescreen film formats common today 16 17 Natan expanded Pathe s business interests into communications industries other than film In November 1929 Natan established France s first television company Television Baird Natan A year later he purchased a radio station in Paris and formed a holding company Radio Natan Vitus to run what would become a burgeoning radio empire 15 16 17 But in 1935 Pathe went bankrupt In order to finance the company s continued expansion Pathe s board of directors which still included Charles Pathe voted in 1930 to issue shares worth 105 million francs But with the depression deepening only 50 percent of the shares were purchased One of the investor banks collapsed due to financial difficulties unrelated to Pathe s problems and Pathe was forced to follow through with the purchase of several cinema chains it no longer could afford to buy Although the company continued to make a profit as noted above it lost more money than it could bring in 16 17 The collapse of Pathe led French authorities to indict Bernard Natan on charges of fraud Natan was accused of financing the purchase of the company without any collateral of bilking investors by establishing fictitious shell corporations and negligent financial mismanagement Natan was even accused of hiding his Romanian and Jewish heritage by changing his name Natan was indicted and imprisoned in 1939 A second indictment was brought in 1941 and he was convicted shortly thereafter He was removed from prison by the French authorities in September 1942 delivered to the Nazis and deported to Auschwitz where he died in October 1942 15 16 17 The company was forced to undergo a restructuring in 1943 and was acquired by Adrien Ramauge 19 Over the years the business underwent a number of changes including diversification into producing programmes for the burgeoning television industry During the 1970s operating theatres overtook film production as Pathe s primary source of revenue In the late 1980s Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti tried to make a bid for Pathe even taking over Cannon and renaming it Pathe Communications in anticipation of owning the storied studio Parretti s shady past however raised enough eyebrows in the French government that the deal fell through It turned out to be a fortunate decision as Parretti later took over Metro Goldwyn Mayer and merged it with his Pathe Communications Group to create MGM Pathe Communications in 1990 only to lose it in bankruptcy in late 1991 Jerome Seydoux Edit In 1990 Chargeurs a French conglomerate led by Jerome Seydoux took control of the company 20 As a result of the deregulation of the French telecommunications market in June 1999 Pathe merged with Vivendi with the exchange ratio for the merger fixed at three Vivendi shares for every two Pathe shares The Wall Street Journal estimated the value of the deal at US 2 59 billion Following the completion of the merger Vivendi retained Pathe s interests in British Sky Broadcasting and CanalSatellite a French broadcasting corporation 21 but then sold all remaining assets to Jerome Seydoux s family owned corporation Fornier SA which changed its name to Pathe Assets Edit Pathe multiplex in Dietlikon Switzerland A list of current and former assets of Pathe 22 Current assets Edit Pathe Cinemas cinema chain Pathe Films movie production with units in France and the United Kingdom distributor in France the United Kingdom and Switzerland with a catalogue of over 800 films Pathe Live distributor of event cinema Former assets Edit The OL Groupe 19 98 capital 24 33 voting rights football club 23 Comedie bought in 2003 sold in 2004 to the Canal Group via MultiThematiques Cuisine tv created in 2001 with RF2K sold in 2011 to the Canal Group via MultiThematiques Histoire created in 1997 owned 30 sold in 2004 to the TF1 Group Pathe Sport bought in 1998 sold in 2002 to Canal Group TMC bought 80 in 2002 sold in 2004 to TF1 Group and AB Groupe Voyage bought in 1997 sold in 2004 to Fox International Channels Vis Pathe Cinemas sold in 2010 to UCI Italia Fox Pathe Europa joint venture with Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment and EuropaCorp closed in 2020 Pathe News GP Archives owned 42 5 sold its shares in 2019 to Gaumont International distribution EditFrance Edit In its home country France Pathe self distributes its films through Pathe Films formerly called AMLF Agence mediterraneenne de location de films from 1972 to 1998 On home video their films are distributed by Fox Pathe Europa a joint venture between Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment Pathe and EuropaCorp United Kingdom Edit From the beginning of the 80 s Pathe released their movies through Guild Film Distribution and Guild Home Video After Pathe purchased Guild in 1996 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment later Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment took over as the home video distributor while the then renamed Guild Pathe Cinema took over theatrically which was eventually renamed as Pathe Distribution in 1998 Guild Home Video remained as an in name only dormant business of Pathe until folding on 17 December 2019 24 In 2009 Pathe closed their standalone distribution unit in the UK and instead partnered up with Warner Bros Pictures to instead release their own produced movies and Pedro Almodovar s movies theatrically after the U S failure of Doogal and the U K failure of The Hottie and the Nottie causing two of their films Chatroom and Dead Man Running being transferred to the now defunct UK distributor Revolver Entertainment and The Illusionist in 2010 being their last standalone distributor film to date while retaining 20th Century Fox as the home video distributor On 1 February 2011 Fox took over as Pathe s theatrical distributor as well 25 With the purchase of 20th Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company on 20 March 2019 Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures took over distributing Pathe s material releasing Misbehaviour and The Human Voice On 7 June 2021 it was announced that Warner Bros Pictures would return to distributing Pathe films in the UK after the then current deal with Disney expired on 30 June 2021 with the first films being released under the new deal being Parallel Mothers and The Duke Unlike the 2009 deal this new deal will include home video and digital rights as well which Fox Disney previously handled 26 Films Edit1950s Edit Hiroshima mon amour France distribution only 1980s Edit The Apple France distribution only The Cook the Thief His Wife amp Her Lover France distribution only Felix the Cat The Movie France distribution only Halloween 4 The Return of Michael Myers France distribution only Halloween 5 The Revenge of Michael Myers France distribution only Highlander France distribution only Kickboxer France distribution only Pirates France distribution only Prom Night France distribution only Rambo III France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures Scanners France distribution only Sex Lies and Videotape France distribution only 1990s Edit Asterix amp Obelix Take On Caesar UK and France distribution only co production with Canal and TF1 Austin Powers International Man of Mystery UK distribution only produced by New Line Cinema Austin Powers The Spy Who Shagged Me UK distribution only produced by New Line Cinema Basic Instinct UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures The Blair Witch Project UK distribution only Bound UK distribution only Cliffhanger UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures Cutthroat Island UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures and Metro Goldwyn Mayer Dumb and Dumber France distribution only Event Horizon France distribution only co production with Paramount Pictures The Fifth Element UK distribution only co production with Gaumont Freddy s Dead The Final Nightmare UK distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Grey Owl UK distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox Largo Entertainment BBC Toho and Allied Filmmakers Highlander II The Quickening France distribution only Jacob s Ladder UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures James and the Giant Peach UK distribution only co production with Allied Filmmakers and Walt Disney Pictures Jane Eyre UK distribution only co production with Miramax Films Jason Goes to Hell The Final Friday UK distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Judge Dredd UK distribution only co production with Hollywood Pictures Kickboxer 2 France distribution only Little Indian Big City UK and France distribution only Lolita co production with Samuel Goldwyn Films The Mask UK and France distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Mortal Kombat UK and France distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Pi UK distribution only Pink Flamingos France distribution only co production with New Line Cinema The Player UK distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Ratcatcher co production with BBC Films A River Runs Through It UK distribution only Rogue Trader UK distribution only Showgirls UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures and United Artists Soft Pedal UK and France distribution only Sleepy Hollow UK and France distribution only co production with Mandalay Entertainment Stargate UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures Centropolis Entertainment and Metro Goldwyn Mayer Super Mario Bros France distribution only Swingers UK distribution only Terminator 2 Judgment Day UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures and Lightstorm Entertainment Topsy Turvy UK distribution only co production with Thin Man Films Total Recall UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures Universal Soldier UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures and Centropolis Entertainment The Virgin Suicides UK and France distribution only Wagons East UK and France distribution only co production with Carolco Pictures White Squall UK distribution only co production with Hollywood Pictures and Scott Free Productions The Wind in the Willows UK and France distribution only co production with Walt Disney Pictures 20th Century Fox and Allied Filmmakers Wrongfully Accused UK and France distribution only co production with Warner Bros Constantin Film and Morgan Creek Productions 2000s Edit Adulthood UK distribution only co production with the UK Film Council The Air I Breathe UK distribution only co production with ThinkFilm Alexander France distribution only co production with Constantin Film Pinewood Studios Intermedia France 3 Cinema and Warner Bros Pictures Alone in the Dark France distribution only co production with Lionsgate Films Brightlight Pictures and Boll KG American Pie France distribution only co production with Summit Entertainment Zide Perry Productions and Universal Pictures Ask the Dust UK distribution only co production with Paramount Vantage Asterix amp Obelix Mission Cleopatra UK and France distribution only co production with Canal and TF1 Asterix at the Olympic Games UK and France distribution only co production with TF1 and Canal Austin Powers in Goldmember UK distribution only produced by New Line Cinema Bad Education France distribution only Bandits France distribution only co production with Metro Goldwyn Mayer Constantin Film and Hyde Park Entertainment Be Kind Rewind UK distribution only co production with Focus Features and New Line Cinema The Believer UK distribution only co production with Fireworks Entertainment Big Nothing co production with Ingenious Media Black Book France distribution only co production with Clockwork Pictures and Babelsberg Studio Black Christmas UK distribution only co production with Metro Goldwyn Mayer and the Weinstein Company Blindness UK and France distribution only Bride and Prejudice UK distribution only co production with Miramax Films Broken Embraces UK distribution only co production with Universal Pictures Buffalo Soldiers UK distribution only Bulletproof Monk UK distribution only co production with Metro Goldwyn Mayer Cheri co production with Bill Kenwright Films and UK Film Council Chicken Run co production with DreamWorks Animation and Aardman Animations The Chorus UK and France distribution only Christmas Carol The Movie UK distribution only co production with Illuminated Film Company Company Man UK and France distribution only co production with Intermedia Films The Cottage co production with the UK Film Council Crash UK distribution only co production with Lionsgate The Descent UK and France distribution only co production with Celador Films The Descent Part 2 UK and France distribution only co production with Celador Films and Warner Bros Pictures The Diving Bell and the Butterfly France distribution only co production with France 3 Cinema DOA Dead or Alive France distribution only co production with Constantin Film Team Ninja and Dimension Films Doomsday France distribution only co production with UK Film Council Rogue Pictures Relativity Media and Universal Pictures The Duchess co production with Paramount Vantage Eastern Promises UK distribution only co production with BBC Films Eden Lake co production with The Weinstein Company Enemy at the Gates UK distribution only co production with Mandalay Pictures and Paramount Pictures Evelyn UK and France distribution only Fantastic Four 2005 France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox 1492 Pictures Marvel Entertainment and Constantin Film Fantastic Four Rise of the Silver Surfer France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox 1492 Pictures Marvel Entertainment and Constantin Film Far Cry France distribution only co production with Vivendi Entertainment Touchstone Pictures 20th Century Fox Ubisoft Brightlight Pictures and Boll KG Farce of the Penguins co production with Permut Presentations and ThinkFilm The Fox and the Child UK distribution only produced by Canal and France 3 Cinema Gerry UK distribution only The Goods Live Hard Sell Hard UK distribution only co production with Paramount Vantage Go West A Lucky Luke Adventure France distribution only co production with Xilam and Dargaud Hannibal France distribution only co production with Universal Pictures Metro Goldwyn Mayer Scott Free Productions and Dino De Laurentiis Company Hannibal Rising France distribution only co production with Metro Goldwyn Mayer and Dino De Laurentiis Company Hardball UK and France distribution only co production with Fireworks Entertainment and Paramount Pictures Hard Rain France distribution only co production with Paramount Pictures Lawrence Gordon Productions Mutual Film Company BBC and Toho The Hole UK distribution only co production with Le Studio Canal Honest UK distribution only The Hottie and the Nottie UK distribution only House of the Dead France distribution only co production with Lionsgate Films and Boll KG Interstate 60 UK distribution only co production with Fireworks Entertainment Jeepers Creepers UK distribution only co production with United Artists and American Zoetrope Jeepers Creepers 2 UK distribution only co production with United Artists and American Zoetrope Jeepers Creepers 3 UK distribution only co production with Screen Media Films and American Zoetrope K 19 The Widowmaker France distribution only co production with Paramount Pictures Intermedia BBC Toho and National Geographic Films Kingdom of Heaven co production with 20th Century Fox Scott Free Productions Inside Track and Studio Babelsberg Lara Croft Tomb Raider France distribution only co production with Paramount Pictures Lawrence Gordon Productions Mutual Film Company BBC Toho and Eidos Lara Croft Tomb Raider The Cradle of Life France distribution only co production with Paramount Pictures Lawrence Gordon Productions Mutual Film Company BBC Toho and Eidos Lost in Translation France distribution only co production with Focus Features Love Labour s Lost UK and France distribution only co production with Miramax Shepperton Studios and Intermedia The Magic Roundabout UK and France distribution only co production with France 3 Cinema and UK Film Council Marie Antoinette France distribution only co production with American Zoetrope and Columbia Pictures Memento UK distribution only co production with Summit Entertainment and Newmarket Films Michael Clayton UK distribution only co production with Warner Bros Pictures Summit Entertainment Samuels Media Castle Rock Entertainment Mirage Enterprises and Section Eight Productions Mission to Mars France distribution only co production with Touchstone Pictures and Spyglass Entertainment Mr amp Mrs Smith France distribution only co production with Summit Entertainment Regency Enterprises and 20th Century Fox Mr Nobody France distribution only co production with Wild Bunch Productions and Canal Mulholland Drive UK distribution only co production with StudioCanal Pandorum France distribution only co production with Constantin Film and Overture Films The Patriot France distribution only co production with Columbia Pictures Centropolis Entertainment Lawrence Gordon Productions Mutual Film Company Perfume The Story of a Murderer UK distribution only co production with Constantin Film The Pianist UK distribution only Rat Race UK distribution only co production with Fireworks Entertainment and Paramount Pictures Red Dragon France distribution only co production with Universal Pictures Metro Goldwyn Mayer and Dino De Laurentiis Company Rescue Dawn UK distribution only co production with Metro Goldwyn Mayer Resident Evil UK distribution only co production with Constantin Film Saw France distribution only co production with Twisted Pictures and Lionsgate Films Saw II France distribution only co production with Twisted Pictures and Lionsgate Films Saw III France distribution only co production with Twisted Pictures and Lionsgate Films The Score UK and France distribution only co production with Mandalay Entertainment The Scouting Book for Boys co production with Film4 Productions and Celador Films Silent Hill UK distribution only co production with Davis Films Konami and Team Silent Slumdog Millionaire UK and France distribution only co production with Celador Films Film4 Productions Warner Bros Pictures and Fox Searchlight Pictures Son of the Mask UK and France distribution only co production with New Line Cinema Thunderpants UK distribution only co production with CP Medien AG and Mission Pictures Touching the Void UK distribution only co production with IFC Films Film4 Productions and the UK Film Council Transamerica UK distribution only co production with IFC Films and The Weinstein Company Two Brothers UK and France distribution only co production with Universal Pictures and France 3 Cinema The Walker UK and France distribution only What Just Happened UK distribution only produced by Magnolia Pictures Wrong Turn UK distribution only co production with Regency Enterprises Constantin Film and Summit Entertainment Youth Without Youth UK distribution only co production with American Zoetrope and Sony Pictures Classics 2010s Edit French Edit 127 Hours UK and France distribution co production with Fox Searchlight Pictures Dune Entertainment Warner Bros Pictures Everest Entertainment Film4 Productions Darlow Smithson Productions and Cloud 8 Films Beauty and the Beast France distribution only co production with TF1 Canal Cine and Studio Babelsberg The Bears Famous Invasion of Sicily France distribution only Centurion UK and France distribution only co production with Celador Films and Warner Bros Pictures Enemy studio credit only co production with Entertainment One Corus Entertainment Telefilm Canada and Roxbury Pictures Fantastic Four 2015 France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox Genre Films Marvel Entertainment and Constantin Film Florence Foster Jenkins UK and France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox Paramount Pictures BBC Films Canal Cine and Qwerty Films The Illusionist UK and France distribution only co production with Canal France 3 Cinema Django Films Warner Bros Pictures and Sony Pictures Classics Jacky in Women s Kingdom co production with France 2 Cinema France Televisions Canal Cine and Orange Studio Jappeloup co production with Canal Cine Orange Studio and TF1 Judy co production with 20th Century Fox BBC Films and Calamity Films Julieta UK and France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox El Deseo RTVE Canal Cine and Echo Lake Entertainment Mandela Long Walk to Freedom UK and France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox Origin Pictures Distant Horizon Origin Pictures and Videovision Entertainment No One Lives co production with WWE Studios and Anchor Bay Films Oceans France distribution only co production with Canal France 2 Cinema France 3 Cinema and Participant Media US and Canadian distribution is Disneynature Pain and Glory France distribution only Philomena UK and France distribution only co production with BBC Films Canal and Cine Playmobil The Movie France distribution only co production with Method Animation ON Animation Studios and DMG Entertainment Pride UK and France distribution only co production with CBS Films BBC Films British Film Institute 20th Century Fox Canal and Cine The Prophet France distribution only co production with Doha Film Institute and Participant Media Resident Evil Afterlife UK distribution only co production with Constantin Film Resident Evil The Final Chapter UK distribution only co production with Constantin Film Resident Evil Retribution UK distribution only co production with Constantin Film Rush France distribution only produced by Imagine Entertainment Revolution Media Working Title Films StudioCanal Exclusive Media Cross Creek Pictures and Universal Pictures Savages France distribution only co production with Relativity Media and Universal Pictures Selma co production with Harpo Films Paramount Pictures 20th Century Fox and Celador Films Silent Hill Revelation UK and France distribution co production with Davis Films Konami and Team Silent Suffragette UK and France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox Film4 Productions Canal and Cine Titeuf France distribution only co production with MoonScoop Group Trance International sales only co production with 20th Century Fox Fox Searchlight Pictures Film4 Productions and Indian Paintbrush Twixt co production with American Zoetrope A United Kingdom co production with 20th Century Fox BBC Films Ingenious Media and British Film Institute Viceroy s House UK and France distribution only co production with 20th Century Fox BBC Films British Film Institute Reliance Entertainment and Ingenious Media Why I Did Not Eat My Father France distribution Zarafa France distribution only co production with France 3 Cinema 2020s Edit French Edit Benedetta CODA Mon Cousin Le Meilleur Reste a Venir Petit Pays One Piece Film Red British Edit Allelujah co production with Ingenious Media BBC Films DJ Films and Redstart Media The Duke co production with Ingenious Media Neon Films and Screen Yorkshire Misbehaviour co production with BFI BBC Films Ingenious Media and Left Bank Pictures Chicken Run Dawn of the Nugget co production with StudioCanal and Aardman Animations Strange Way of Life UK distribution only 27 See also EditCategory Pathe films Pathe Records Pathe News and British Pathe List of film serials by studio lists the Pathe film serials Fumagalli Pion amp C Italian Pathe importerReferences EditNotes Edit a b http 2017 pathe com en wp content uploads 2018 04 Pathe year book 2017 pdf dead link History of British Pathe www britishpathe com Retrieved 29 August 2017 Trade catalogs from Pathe Freres SA National Museum of American History Retrieved 29 August 2017 Hoffmann Frank Howard Ferstler 2005 The Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound CRC Press ISBN 0 415 93835 X a b Copeland George Ronald Dethlefson 1999 Pathe Records and Phonographs in America 1914 1922 1 ed Los Angeles CA Mulholland Press OCLC 44146208 Pathe vertical cut disc record 1905 1932 Museum Of Obsolete Media www obsoletemedia org Retrieved 12 February 2018 Fabrizio Timothy George Paul 2000 Discovering Antique Phonographs Atglen PA Sciffer Publishing Ltd ISBN 0 7643 1048 8 Who s Who of Victorian Cinema www victorian cinema net Abel 1999 pp 23 24 a b Abel 1999 p 25 Film and Electrolux through the ages Electrolux Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 13 January 2013 Abel 1999 p 26 Researcher s Guide to British Newsreels 1993 p 80 a b Abel 1999 pp 32 35 a b c d e Willems Gilles Les origines de Pathe Natan In Une Histoire Economique du Cinema Francais 1895 1995 Regards Croises Franco Americains Pierre Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage eds Paris Harmattan Collection Champs Visuels 1997 English translation The origins of Pathe Natan Archived 9 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine La Trobe University Retrieved 1 January 2017 a b c d e f Abel Richard French Cinema The First Wave 1915 1929 Paperback ed Princeton Princeton University Press 1987 ISBN 0 691 00813 2 a b c d e Willems Gilles Les Origines du Groupe Pathe Natan et le Modele Americain Vingtieme Siecle 46 April June 1995 Hutchinson Pamela 14 December 2015 In need of rehabilitation Bernard Natan the Holocaust victim who saved France s film industry The Guardian Retrieved 22 November 2017 Gant 1999 p 370 Pathe Gaumont and Seydoux Pathe Archived 24 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ketupa net Retrieved 19 October 2010 Williams Michael 8 June 1999 Vivendi nabs sat stakes for Pathe merger Variety Retrieved 29 August 2017 Pathe Annual Brochure 2018 PDF Annual Report Pathe March 2019 Archived from the original PDF on 25 October 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Breakdown of Share Capital as of 31 December 2019 Article Olympique Lyonnaise 31 December 2019 Retrieved 20 August 2020 GUILD HOME VIDEO LIMITED Overview free company information from Companies House Beta companieshouse gov uk Retrieved 20 March 2020 London Tim Adler in 1 February 2011 Pathe UK Swaps Warner Bros For Fox Yossman K J 7 June 2021 Warner Bros Pathe Strike U K Distribution Deal Variety Retrieved 14 June 2021 Vivarelli Nick 12 April 2023 Pedro Almodovar s Gay Western Short Strange Way of Life Scores First Deal With MUBI EXCLUSIVE Variety Retrieved 12 April 2023 Bibliography Edit Abel Richard The Red Rooster Scare Making Cinema American 1900 1910 Berkeley California University of California Press 1999 ISBN 0 520 21478 1 Gant Tina International Directory of Company Histories Volume 8 Volume 29 Farmington Hills Michigan Gale 1999 ISBN 1 5 586 2392 2 Researcher s Guide to British Newsreels London British Universities Film amp Video Council 1993 ISBN 0 901299 65 0 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pathe Moscow clad in snow one of the first films by Pathe on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pathe amp oldid 1150738994 Jerome Seydoux, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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