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Wikipedia

Hashtag activism

January 01, 1970

Hashtag activism refers to the use of Twitter's hashtags for Internet activism.[1] The hashtag has become one of the many ways that social media contributes to civic engagement and social movements.[2] The use of the hashtag on social media provides users with an opportunity to share information and opinions about social issues in a way that others (followers) can interact and engage as part of a larger conversation with the potential to create change.[3] The hashtag itself consists of a word or phrase that is connected to a social or political issue, and fosters a place where discourse can occur.[4] Social media provides an important platform for historically marginalized populations. Through the use of hashtags these groups are able to communicate, mobilize, and advocate for issues less visible to the mainstream.[5]

Supporters of the power of hashtag activism believe that it allows users to connect with individuals from all over the world and share information quickly. Critics, on the other hand, doubt that hashtag activism leads to real change, as users are simply indicating that they care enough to post a hashtag, rather than taking practical action to make a difference.[6][1]

History edit

The hashtag, as it is currently used across social media sites was first proposed on Twitter by former Google developer Chris Messina, in 2007. The purpose of the invention was to create a meta tag that allowed users to track dynamic content in relation to a particular event or topic. Twitter's initial response to the use of the hashtag for such purposes was negative. The social media site posted that "these things were for nerds"[7] but later that year saw the impact with use of the #sandiegofire which allowed users to track content related to the fire, the safety of loved ones, and general updates. The use of the hashtag has now spread to other social media sites including Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok.[2] Since 2007, the hashtag has been used to coordinate conversations online, find supporters, and arrange protests allowing for users to be active participate in social and political movements.[8]

Notable examples edit

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following notable examples are organized by categories: human rights, awareness, political, and trends.

Race edit

United States origin edit

#BlackLivesMatter edit
Main article: Black Lives Matter

The Black Lives Matter movement calls for an end to police brutality and the killings of African-Americans in the U.S. The #BlackLivesMatter hashtag was first started by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi as a response to the trial and later acquittal of George Zimmerman who shot and killed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.[9] The hashtag saw a revival in 2014, after the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and after a grand jury did not indict police officer Daniel Pantaleo in the death of Eric Garner.[10] During the summer of 2020, the hashtag saw another resurgence due to the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor at the hands of police.[11]

#IStandWithAhmed edit
Main article: Ahmed Mohamed clock incident
 
 President Obama Twitter
@POTUS44

Cool clock, Ahmed. Want to bring it to the White House? We should inspire more kids like you to like science. It's what makes America great.

September 16, 2015[12]

IstandwithAhmed: In 2015, a teenage student named Ahmed Mohamed was arrested at his high school in Irving, Texas after his teacher mistook his reassembled clock for a bomb. Ultimately, he was not convicted of any crimes, but he was suspended from school. Shortly after his story hit the news, a tech blogger named Anil Dash tweeted a picture of Ahmed being arrested in his NASA T-shirt along with the #IstandwithAhmed. His tweet went viral and drew accusations of racism and Islamophobia against the school. It sparked an online movement where many individuals, including scientists and engineers, tweeted their support for Ahmed under the same hashtag.

#TakeAKnee edit
Main articles: U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present) and Quarterback kneel

#TakeAknee has been a movement since 2016 and was created with the intention of calling attention to the police brutality and racial inequality taking place in America.[13] This movement was enacted primarily by NFL athletes, most notably Colin Kaepernick, through kneeling for the duration of the national anthem; this act has stirred significant controversy because it is interpreted by nationalists as being a disrespectful act that insults the American flag, veterans, and the values the flag represents. This movement ultimately led to #BoycottNFL and controversy that resulted in the NFL ban requiring players to stand for the national anthem, or stay in the locker room.[14] #TakeAKnee is often known as "the U.S. National Anthem Protest", and is often compared to protests during the civil rights era, lending to a chain of protests led by athletes in different sports.[15] While the police brutality being faced by African Americans was being protested, white American athletes were also seen taking a knee.[16] As a whole, the #TakeAKnee movement created controversy questioning the legal and constitutional rights of individuals and their ability to protest the U.S. National Anthem.[17][18]

#MyAsianAmericanStory edit

In August 2015, "a 15-year-old high student named Jason Fong created #MyAsianAmericanStory to highlight immigration stories of Asian Americans after presidential candidate Jeb Bush made a remark about Asian people and their "anchor babies".[19][20] Fong stated that he started the hashtag to show that "Asian-Americans are part of the American narrative".[21] Users of the tag tweeted about their diverse family immigration histories and encounters with racism.[22] Fong said he was inspired to start #MyAsianAmericanStory in part by hashtags such as #BlackLivesMatter and participated in other hashtag campaigns such as #Asians4BlackLives in order to show his support for dismantling "a broken system that protects police misconduct".[19]

#thisis2016 edit

In October 2016, following an anti-Asian incident in New York City and the subsequent open letter to the victim from Michael Luo, The New York Times released a video entitled "#thisis2016: Asian-Americans Respond".[23] The video featured Asian Americans who had experienced racism.[24] #thisis2016 subsequently emerged as a hashtag to highlight racism Asian Americans faced.[25] Eventually, #BrownAsiansExist came to prominence following an open letter written to The New York Times expressing their disappointment in the lack of South and Southeast Asian Americans in their "#thisis2016" video.[26] #BrownAsiansExist more broadly highlights the erasure of South Asian and Southeast Asian Americans in the American media's portrayal of Asian Americans.[27]

#OscarsSoWhite edit
Main article: 87th Academy Awards

#OscarSoWhite is a hashtag campaign started by BroadwayBlack.com managing editor April Reign and was sparked by the Oscars nominees in 2016.[28] All of the 20 actors nominated for lead and supporting actor categories were white, despite multiple films that year starring African American leads that had received critics' prizes and guild awards.[29] The campaign sparked a conversation about diversity, representation, and racism in the film industry.[30] The movement is connected to causing enough external pressure to significantly change the racial composition of academy membership.[31] Following the peak of the hashtag's popularity, the academy instated 41% minority voters and 46% female voters.[32] Production companies felt the pressure as well, and subsequently diversified their casting and staffing decisions as well, hiring Ava Duvernay, an African-American female director, to head the production of A Wrinkle in Time and hiring non-white actors in the traditionally white Star Wars series.[33]

#PublishingPaidMe edit
Main article: PublishingPaidMe

Black Women's Rights edit

United States origin edit

#SayHerName edit
Main article: SayHerName

#SayHerName originated in 2015 by the African American Policy Forum spearheaded by Kimberle Crenshaw. The purpose of #SayHerName was to bring media and public attention to the abuse and murder of Black women (both cis- and transgrender) at the hands of the police.[34] The alleged suicide of Sandra Bland after being taken into police custody made the hashtag viral and allowed for the exposure, sharing, and investigation into the stories of other Black women who died as a result of police violence. #SayHerName was also associated with the deaths of Breonna Taylor, Aura Rosser, Tanisha Anderson, and many others.[35]

Women's rights edit

United States origin edit

#YesAllWomen edit
Main article: YesAllWomen

YesAllWomen is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign in which users share examples or stories of misogyny and violence against women.[36] #YesAllWomen was created in reaction to another hashtag #NotAllMen, to express that all women are affected by sexism and harassment, even though not all men are sexist. The hashtag quickly became used by women throughout social media to share their experiences of misogyny and sexism.[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The hashtag was popular in May 2014 surrounding discussions of the 2014 Isla Vista killings.[45][46][47]

#ShoutYourAbortion edit
Main article: ShoutYourAbortion

#ShoutYourAbortion is a hashtag and social media campaign used on Twitter that encourages women who have experience with abortion to break the silence surrounding it.[48][49][50] The hashtag was created by American writer Lindy West and friends Amelia Bonow and Kimberly Morrison in response to the US House of Representatives efforts to defund Planned Parenthood following the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy.[51][52][53][54][55]

#ilooklikeanengineer edit
Main article: I Look Like an Engineer

In August 2015, the #ilooklikeanengineer campaign started. The movement was started by Isis Anchalee to promote discussion of gender issues.[56] Anchalee created the hashtag in response to backlash regarding her face being featured in an ad campaign for the company she works for. One year after the creation of #ilooklikeanengineer 250,000 people had used the hashtag.[57][58]

#MeToo edit
Main article: Me Too movement

#MeToo is a Twitter hashtag that raises awareness about sexual assault by encouraging survivors to share their stories.[59] The hashtag was initially first used in 2007 by Tarana Burke[60] but was later popularized and brought to the attention of the media on October 15, 2017, when Alyssa Milano, using Twitter, encouraged individuals[61] to speak up about their experience with assault and say 'Me Too'.[62] Initially meant to simply raise awareness, #MeToo developed into a movement and as of October 2018, the hashtag had been used 19 million times.[63] The movement has sparked many other movements like #HowIWillChange[64] and has also led to certain punishments towards the perpetrators.[62] As a reaction, the #HimToo hashtag was created. It that refers to the social media campaign for false rape allegation.

#WomensMarch edit
Main articles: 2017 Women's March, 2018 Women's March, and 2019 Women's March

On January 21, 2017, an estimated 2.6 million individuals marched around the world in response to the rhetoric of newly elected President Donald Trump.[65] The march was organized primarily online through Facebook.[66] Now occurring annually, the goal of the Women's March is to raise awareness and advocates for human rights through peaceful protest.[67]

Similar to other hashtag movements, #WomensMarch has an online presence. The movement has a Facebook page that is active, verified under the name Women's March, that was created on November 20, 2016.[68] As of April 2, 2019, the page is liked by over 800,000 individuals and has a following of more than 850,000 users.[68] Outside of the official page, there are multiple pages defined by geographic region including but not limited to Women's March on Connecticut, Women's March on San Diego, and Women's March Milan.[69][70][71] In addition to Facebook, the Women's March Movement has an active profile on Instagram and as of April 2019 the page has 1.2 million followers.[72]

International origin edit

#EleNão edit
Main article: Ele Não movement
 
Protester in Porto Alegre, Brazil, participating in the Ele Não movement.

On September 19, 2018, the Ele Não movement ("Ele Não" is Portuguese for "not him"), also known as the protests against Jair Bolsonaro, were demonstrations led by women which took place in several regions of Brazil and the world. The main goal was to protest against Bolsonaro and his presidential campaign and his sexist declarations.[73][74][75][76]

#WhereisPengShuai edit
Main article: WhereIsPengShuai

After the November 2021 disappearance of Chinese tennis player Peng Shuai, the hashtag #WhereisPengShuai appeared on Twitter[77] and was Tweeted by athletes such as Serena Williams[78] and Naomi Osaka.[79]

#MahsaAmini edit
Main article: Death of Mahsa Amini

Amini's beating and death caused widespread anger among several social networks. The hashtag #MahsaAmini became one of the most repeated hashtags on Persian Twitter. The number of tweets and retweets of these hashtags exceeded 80 million.[80][81] Some Iranian women posted videos on social media of themselves cutting their hair in protest.[82] It was reported on 21 September that the Iranian government had blocked internet access to Instagram and WhatsApp and disrupted internet service in Kurdistan and other parts of Iran in an attempt to silence the unrest.[83] As of 24 September 2022, the hashtag #Mahsa_Amini and its equivalent in Persian broke the Twitter record with more than 80 million tweets.[84][85]

#MosqueMeToo edit
Main article: Mosque Me Too movement

In February 2018, the Mosque Me Too movement started, following the Me Too movement which gained worldwide prominence in October 2017 and the following months. Muslim women started sharing their experiences of sexual abuse at Muslim holy sites and on pilgrimages such as Hajj, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, using the hashtag #MosqueMeToo.[86][87][88]

Other examples edit

A 2012 Twitter discussion among women working in games, collated under the hashtag #1reasonwhy, indicated that sexist practices such as the oversexualization of female video game characters, workplace harassment and unequal pay for men and women were common in the games industry.[89][90][91]

The hashtag #NotYourAsianSidekick was initiated by Suey Park and Juliet Shen in December 2013 on Twitter.[92] Suey Park is a freelance writer who is most known for her Twitter campaign to cancel the Colbert Show, while Juliet Shen ran a blog on Asian American feminism. They started the hashtag town hall as a way to create a platform for structured conversation around misogyny and issues specific to Asian American women.[93] In less than 24 hours, #NotYourAsianSidekick had been used over 45,000 times.[94]

DeafTalent is a hashtag used to highlight through social media the capabilities of the deaf and hard of hearing community. Prior to the hashtag's emergence, in the creative industry, hearing actors had been cast in deaf roles. The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia wrote, "In response to this, the social media hashtags #DeafTalent and #POCDeafTalent were created. The hashtags, while originally used to point out problematic portrayals of deaf characters and sign language in the media, are now also used to celebrate the wide breadth and multiplicity of deaf actors, artists, and other talent in the world."[95]

The hashtag, #Boymom, has taken to social media platforms in order to display the so-called "chaotic" and "messy" experiences mothers of boys go through. Instagram appears to be the platform with the most #Boymom hashtags, with nearly 12.9 million hashtags. #Girlmom falls significantly behind in numbers with only 4.8 million. Currently, there is much speculation surrounding this hashtag. People argue that it creates an environment for children where they feel unable to fully express their gender. Some people even go as far as to say that it perpetuates the sexist idea that sons are valued more than daughters.[96]

Awareness edit

United States origin edit

#Kony2012 edit
Main article: Kony 2012
 
A Kony 2012 poster

Kony 2012 is a short film produced by Invisible Children, Inc. (authors of Invisible Children). It was released on March 5, 2012.[97][98][99][100]

The film's purpose was to promote the charity's "Stop Kony" movement to make African cult and militia leader, indicted war criminal and the International Criminal Court fugitive Joseph Kony[101] globally known in order to have him arrested by the end of 2012,[102] when the campaign expired. The film spread virally through the #Kony2012 hashtag.[103][104][105]

#WhyIStayed edit
Main article: WhyIStayed/WhyILeft

In 2014, a media release of security camera footage that appeared to show NFL player, Ray Rice, punching his then-fiancée, Janay Rice, sparked public conversation on why victims of abuse stay in abusive relationships. In response to this question, writer and domestic abuse survivor Beverly Gooden started the #WhyIStayed campaign via Twitter in an effort to "change the tone of the conversation". The hashtag began to trend nationally five hours after its creation and was used more than 46,000 times that day.[106] Beverly appeared on NPR's All Things Considered to discuss hashtag activism.[107]

 
"Pope Francis shocks world, endorses Donald Trump for president"
#FakeNews edit
Main article: Fake news

While "fake news" or politically motivated disinformation (PMD) is not a new occurrence, the sentiment and spread of distrust of news coverage has become more notable since the 2016 U.S. elections cycle. The hashtag, #FakeNews, gained major popularity in 2016 when Donald Trump claimed that the negative press coverage he received was due to the spread of false stories. Since the emergence of this hashtag, there has been an increase in policy-related bills and laws regarding the proliferation of inaccurate information globally, which further politicized the issue and raised concerns of impending censorship. The emergence of social media has allowed for "fake news" to spread much quicker than regular news and information, pushing technology companies to take a more active role in detecting and removing "fake news".

An example of #FakeNews comes from a website named WTOF 5 News. The headline reads: "Pope Francis shocks world, endorses Donald Trump for president".[108] With the help from Facebook, this fake news article received over 960,000 engagements from the popular social media site, making it one of the post popular fake news articles of 2016.[citation needed]

#ProtectOurWinters edit
Main article: Protect Our Winters

Protect Our Winters is a movement and a nonprofit organization started by snowboarder, Jeremy Jones[109] and other winter sport athletes to raise awareness about global warming and climate change. The movement started in 2016 as a response to it being one of the hottest years.[109][110] The movement demonstrates the effects of global warming with data about the winter sports industry and rise in carbon dioxide percentage.[109][111] Protect Our Winters or POW calls for people to not only be aware of the effects global warming but to take action by volunteering, voting for legislature or donating to the cause.

#FreeBritney edit
Main articles: Free Britney movement and Britney Spears conservatorship dispute

In April 2019, the Britney Spears fan podcast Britney's Gram uncovered the first alleged abuses within her conservatorship arrangement and created the hashtag #FreeBritney. The term itself had been in use by certain fans since 2008.[112] Alongside advocating for the termination and investigation of Spears's conservatorship, the hashtag and accompanying social movement have been used to raise awareness of guardianship and conservatorship abuse across the United States.[113] The hashtag has led to legislative change in California surrounding legal procedures within conservatorship, and has inspired various bipartisan inquiries of guardianship and conservatorship law in Congress.[114][115]

#PublishingPaidMe edit
Main article: PublishingPaidMe

Created in 2020 by L.L. McKinney, this hashtag was used by authors to discuss the pay differences received by publishers for black and non-black authors.[116]

International origin edit

#BringBackOurGirls edit
 
First Lady Michelle Obama initiated the #BringBackOurGirls hashtag.
Main article: Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping

Boko Haram kidnapped over 200 schoolgirls from Chibok, Nigeria in May 2014, refusing to return the girls.[117] The hashtag #BringBackOurGirls was created and used in hopes of keeping the story in the news and bringing international attention to it.[118] The hashtag was first used by a corporate lawyer named Ibrahim Abdullahi, and has also been used by the likes of First Lady Michelle Obama, who used it to raise awareness for the kidnapped girls.[119][120] The hashtag in itself has received 2 million retweets.[121]

#AmINext edit
Main article: AmINext

In the Fall of 2014, a Canadian Inuit woman named Holly Jarrett created the #AmINext hashtag campaign to raise awareness about the Canadian Government's lack of response to the high rate of violence against Indigenous women.[122] The campaign involves people taking photos of themselves with signs holding "#AmINext" and posting it to social media. The campaign was meant to encourage a national conversation about the invisibility and vulnerability of the female Indigenous demographic and call attention to the minimal efforts of the Government in investigating the murders and disappearances.[123][124] Holly was personally inspired to carry out the campaign as her cousin, Loretta Saunders, an Inuit woman from Labrador, went missing and was ultimately found dead on the side of a Canadian highway. After the campaign, the government filed a national DNA missing person's index and introduced 30 safety initiatives to help indigenous women.[125]

#PrayforParis edit
Main article: PrayForParis

The epicenter of Paris encountered unexpected terrorist attacks, leading to worldwide efforts to spread awareness about this incident. During this event, terrorists were wearing suicide belts and the subsequent violence was shocking. The terrorists were planning to enter the stadium along with other people.[126] Despite the person being prevented from entering, it demonstrated the severity of how people are risking their own lives, indirectly affecting others. Following the incident, more than 70 million people began to share this news on various social media platforms in order to reach a broader audience.[127] For example, Facebook enabled users to change their profile picture to a transparent overlay of the French flag to indicate support to the victims. Twitter was also utilized. However, rather than creating a transparent overlay on a Twitter's user profile, a hashtag was created to emphasize support. This simple hashtag of #PrayforParis allowed users to spread support so that audiences were not only informed about the event, but could also click on a hyperlink to learn more about the cause and other user's perspectives. Although social media platforms were useful in spreading awareness, the effect of younger individuals were just as notable. For example, a young child drew his thoughts on paper, including the message: "Shot after shot, bang after bang, wasting innocent lives!"[128]

#flygskam edit

Flygskam is a Swedish word that literally translates as "flight shame". It is the name of an anti-flying movement that originated in Sweden last year, which encourages people to stop taking flights to lower carbon emissions. The idea was originally championed by Olympic athlete Bjorn Ferry and gained momentum after teenage activist Greta Thunberg's mother, the opera singer Malena Ernman, publicly announced she would stop flying, with various Swedish celebrities the following suit. Thunberg herself traveled largely by train during her recent two-week tour of Europe.[129] The activism has seen real results in Sweden as the sales of airline ticket sales declined by 4% in January 2020 due to the increasing public awareness to the carbon footprint resulted by commercial flights.[130]

#CoronaVirus edit

#Coronavirus, #COVID-19, and #Covid_19 represent a few of the most common hashtags referring to Coronavirus 2019 that started in Wuhan, China.[131][132] The Hashtag has increased rapidly with the World Health Organization's (WHO) declaration of the virus as pandemic on 11 March 2020.[133] Looking at the trajectory of this Hashtag on Twitter from Symplur, it shows a notable decrease in the number of Hashtags from 50763 on 13 April 2020 to 35795 on 18 April 2020.[134]

Political edit

United States origin edit

#HumanizeTheBadge edit

Prior to 2020 #humanizethebadge was primarily circulating on Twitter and Facebook by organizations promoting stronger bonds between law enforcement and the communities they serve, such as the nonprofit group Humanizing the Badge.[135] This need for betterment was due to police brutality killing George Floyd on May 5, 2020. This ignited the public's want for change and placed the Black Lives Matter protests at the forefront of the media.[136] Behind the protest lines, the hashtag humanizing the badge popularized. The purpose of #humanizethebadge was for officers and officers' loved ones, to show their communities the person behind the police uniform. #humanizethebadge is mostly seen on TikTok with over 2 billion posts including the hashtag. These posts strive to humanize officers to reveal them as more relatable and trustworthy.[137] This relatability is an attempt to bring them closer to the citizens and communities they serve.[138] Through the use of TikTok officers are able to reach a wider audience. TikTok allows creators to jump from audience to audience and trend to trend.[139] These videos receive tens of millions of views promoting bureaucratic propaganda due to officers' supporting the appearance of institutional legitimacy.[140] Within the videos they are able to promote themselves as your average, relatable human, while being in uniform, thus associating themselves with the police department. Creating this link humanizes law enforcement as a whole, in an attempt to show police as the 'good guy'.

However, this hashtag is not universally promoted by police officers. A former police officer and current entrepreneur Autumn Clifford believe being a police officer is a great responsibility that needs to be represented by leaders. She notes historically society has never loved law enforcement, and citizens do not like being told what to do. Thus they need leaders to guide them in a positive direction. Civilians need to see police as leaders within their own communities. Clifford suggests this can be achieved by officers having real and honest conversations with civilians, and by going out of their way to relate to citizens. This can lead to a greater respect for law enforcement. She provides an example of being called to a troubled teen's group home and ending the encounter with a dance battle. This encounter changed the teen's perspective on her, and referred to her as the 'cool cop' for the rest of her time on the job. This one simple interaction humanized her to the group of teens.[141]

#NODAPL edit
 
The #noDAPL hashtag used in real life, outside social media.
This paragraph is an excerpt from NODAPL.[edit]
#NODAPL, also referred to as the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign for the struggle against the proposed and partially built Dakota Access Pipeline. The role social media played in this movement is so substantial that the movement itself is now often referred to by its hashtag: #NoDAPL. The hashtag reflected a grassroots campaign that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline in the northern United States. The Standing Rock Sioux and allied organizations took legal action aimed at stopping construction of the project, while youth from the reservation began a social media campaign which gradually evolved into a larger movement with dozens of associated hashtags. The campaign aimed to raise awareness on the threat of the pipeline on the sacred burial grounds as well as the quality of water in the area. In June 2021, a federal judge struck down the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe's lawsuit, but left the option of reopening the case should any prior orders be violated.[142]
#NotOneMore edit
Main article: 2014 Isla Vista killings
 
A memorial service held at Harder Stadium after the Isla Vista killings

The hashtag #NotOneMore developed shortly after the May 23, 2014, shooting in Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, California. During this incident, six students attending the University of California, Santa Barbara, lost their lives. Richard Martinez, the father of one of the victims, quickly spoke out about gun control, calling for stricter gun control during memorial ceremonies and rallies, chanting "Not One More!" The phrase became a hashtag on social media afterwards. Richard also worked with Everytown's digital team to create a tool to allow participants to send postcards to their senators, congressional representatives, and governor containing the phrase "Not One More".

#MarchforOurLives edit
Main article: March for Our Lives

The March for Our Lives protest began after the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida on February 14, 2018.[143] In response to a surge of gun violence in schools and the 17 dead after the Parkland shooting, people began to rally around the hashtag #neveragain. The hashtag, indicative of the larger movement against gun violence, spread across social networks and went viral in early 2018.

Additionally, the movement organized walkouts in remembrance of the lives lost due to gun violence. In March 2018, hundreds of marches were organized across the country in support of stricter gun laws, many of which were met with resistance from anti-protesters.[143] Since February 2018 there have been 123 laws passed nationwide at the state-level to address concerns of gun control.[144]

On February 17, 2018, a Facebook page was started by students to encourage their participation in the movement; and as of April 2019 the page has been liked by more than 280,000 individuals and has a following of more than 300,000.[145] The Instagram page @marchforourlives is live and as of April 2019 has over 200 posts and just over 360,000 followers.[146]

#EndFathersDay edit

In 2014, some editors spoofed being black feminists, spreading the meme, #EndFathersDay. Fox News picked the hoax to denounce.[147] After much research, the fake accounts were outed.[148]

#NoBanNoWall edit
Main article: Protests against Donald Trump

#NoBanNoWall is a hashtag and social media campaign created in response to Donald Trump's purported "Muslim ban" and 2016 presidential campaign promises to build a physical wall on the US-Mexico border.[149] In 2017, President Donald Trump issued multiple executive orders threatening to break up families and turn away refugees.[150] Saki Barzinji and Imraan Siddiqi started #NoBanNoWall in an effort to rally Muslim, Latino, and other communities to stand up against xenophobic immigration policies.[151] On January 25, 2017, protestors gathered at Washington Square Park and chanted, "No ban; no wall", which inspired the Twitter hashtag #NoBanNoWall to protest Trump's travel ban.[152] The impact of the movement was seen in airports immediately after the hashtag started trending.[153] A judge in New York accepted a request from the ACLU to provide a warrant blocking deportation in airports.[154] The movement became a platform for people to share stories of them or their families immigrating to the US, and worked to combat the growing public fear of certain foreigners.[155]

#FireDrillFridays edit

Inspired by Greta Thunberg and started by Greenpeace and Jane Fonda, #FireDrillFridays brings awareness to the climate change crisis.[156] Calling for a Green New Deal in the United States government, the movement organized protests on the Capitol every Friday beginning in October 2019.[157] The campaign also advocates for complete stoppage of new fossil fuel projects and to phase out existing fossil fuel projects.[158][159] #FireDrillFridays gained popularity with celebrity arrests.[160] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Fonda moved #FireDrillFridays online to continue rallying for government action.[161]

#WalkAway edit
This paragraph is an excerpt from WalkAway campaign.[edit]
The #WalkAway campaign is a social-media campaign that was launched ahead of the United States 2018 mid-term elections with the stated purpose of encouraging liberals to leave the Democratic Party.[162][163] The campaign, which also organized events to support Donald Trump, was noted and criticized[164] for its astroturfing methods and the claim that there was a popular movement of people leaving the party.[165][166][167]

International origin edit

#ArabSpring edit
Main article: Arab Spring

#ArabSpring spread across social media early 2011, spreading awareness of the anti-government protest in the North Africa and the Middle East.[168] The #ArabSpring is Twitter hashtag used in anti-government protests across the Middle East in 2010.[169]

#Oromoprotests edit

In 2014, IOYA (The International Oromo Youth Association) created the #Oromoprotests hashtag to bring awareness to Oromo student protests against the Ethiopian government's plan to expand Addis Ababa and annex areas occupied by Oromo farmers and residents. The hashtag was utilized again starting in late November/December 2015 to bring attention to renewed Oromo protests and the Ethiopian government's violent crackdown on students, journalists and musicians.[170][171] While the Oromo held protests before, this was the first time the Oromo could be united across the country by using new social media platforms.[172]

#Sosblakaustralia edit

In March 2015, an activism campaign took hold in Australia. #Sosblakaustralia was a campaign started in a small aboriginal town in Western Australia. This campaign was to combat an initiative that would close down 150 rural aboriginal communities.[173] Though this movement started in a rural community of 200 #Sosblakaustralia with poor Internet connection, it eventually spread to thousands of followers including Australian celebrities such as Hugh Jackman, this caused the movement to expand as far as London. In 18 days this movement had over 50,000 followers and had reached over 1,000,000 people worldwide.[174]

#IdleNoMore edit
Main article: Idle No More

In the Winter of 2012–2013, in Canada, a campaign was started by Canadian indigenous activists using #IdleNoMore in order to combat future legislation that would threaten indigenous land and water. The movement has continued to grow and unify native communities and the hashtag has made expansion possible. Idle No More started in Canada it has spread to native people around the world including the United States and Australia where indigenous people face similar issues.[175] The use of the hashtag and social media has been instrumental in spreading Idle No More's message to indigenous people around the world giving those who otherwise would be voiceless a means to participate in activism.[176]

#UmbrellaRevolution edit
Main article: 2014 Hong Kong protests
 
A sign of the Umbrella Revolution protest in Hong Kong

The response of the umbrella became a symbol in Admiralty, Mong Kok and Causeway Bay districts, Hong Kong to protest about the free election systems in China. The protestors had been camped on the streets and the public parks. The umbrella was used to protect the protesters in defence of the democratic political process in 2014 when police used tear gas in attempts to get them to leave. "Umbrella Revolution" and "Umbrella Movement" have been used to identify this event through British media outlet BBC. through social network services such as Twitter and Instagram made the events in Hong Kong reach many other people not directly involved with the protest with the use of #UmbrellaRevolution and created a worldwide social awareness to how Hong Kong was responding to support of the democratic process.[177][178][179]

#PutItToThePeople edit
Main article: People's Vote

The United Kingdom-based People's Vote campaign group was launched in April 2018 and calls for a confirmatory public vote on the final Brexit deal between the United Kingdom and the European Union[180] and uses #PutItToThePeople as its activism hashtag.[181]

Other examples edit

In September 2014, The Hokkolorob Movement (Let The Voice Raise Movement) started. It is a series of protests initiated by the students of Jadavpur University in Kolkata, India that began on September 3, 2014. The term "hok kolorob" ("make some noise") was first used as a hashtag on Facebook.[182]

#2019GantiPresiden edit
Main article: 2019 Ganti Presiden

In 2018, Indonesian politician Mardani Ali Sera introduced #2019GantiPresiden (Replace the President in 2019), in which he spreads this hashtag through social media to spread public awareness and pushing Indonesian netizens to elect another president in 2019 instead of Jokowi.[183] Mardani's statement was reinforced by the statement of the PKS president, Sohibul Iman.[184] Previously, a movement with the same name was also launched by Mardani on his personal Twitter account on March 27, 2018. According to Mardani in a tweet, the hashtag was the antithesis of Joko Widodo's campaign of supporters on social media.[185]

Many social media accounts began to retweet the hashtag. Within a short period of time, T-shirts were produced with the hashtag, with Mardani denying that the movement is a political campaign due to a lack of a supported replacement.[186] The movement garnered significant support from other opposition politicians, including Amien Rais (PAN)[187] and Yusril Ihza Mahendra (PBB).[188] Reasons cited include pressure on Islamic organizations,[188] influx of immigrant workers (mainly from China) due to relaxation of immigration rules[189] and economic issues such as a lack of available jobs and increased prices of necessities.[190]

Numerous rallies and supports for #2019GantiPresiden was spread across the country, such as in Jakarta,[191] Surakarta,[192] and Jogjakarta.[193] Even Ahmad Syaikhu and Sudrajat tell if they won the 2018 West Java gubernatorial election, they will support 2019 Ganti Presiden movement.[194][195]

However, the movement was flopped after President Joko Widodo won the election twice.[196]

Trends edit

United States origin edit

#icebucketchallenge and #ALS edit
Main article: Ice Bucket Challenge
UC Berkeley's ex-chancellor Nicholas Dirks participates in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge.

The #icebucketchallenge is an act where a bucket of ice water is dumped over the head of an individual and documented by videos or pictures, and a "challenge" is issued to another person (or persons) to do the same. The "challenged" individual then either has to respond by dumping ice water on their head, or donate money to a Motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease) charity. However, doing both is also an option. The encouragement of the challenge is to circulate the video or photo on social media websites and applications with their community, friends, and family to show their support in raising awareness of ALS/MND.[197] The involvement of #icebucketchallenge with the global audience of social media generated so much awareness and support that in early August 2014, the national ALS charity foundation president Barbara Newhouse, directly attributed the movement to a fundraising "surge" of $168,000 that accumulated in just a week. That figure contrasted with the $14,000 raised in the same time the year prior prompted the CEO and her 38 years in the industry to view the difference in support as "crazy".[198] A month after the August 2014 fundraising week the number of videos that were directly associated with the #icebucketchallenge was tallied on the Facebook website from June 1 to September 1 at 17 million, according to the Facebook Newsroom.[199] As the videos continued to climb, so did the challenges. Eventually, public figures such as James Franco, Charlie Rose, and even former president George W. Bush took an activist role in raising money for research and awareness of the ALS disease.[200]

International origin edit

#Hallyu edit
Main article: Korean Wave

The Hallyu Wave, which literally translates to "flow of Korea" (or more commonly known as the Korean Wave) represents the social movement in connection to South Korean culture and entertainment. Economically, Hallyu is tremendously profitable, attracting millions of tourists and fans per year and produces many forms of entertainment, such as Korean pop music and television drama series, ultimately generating billions of US dollars in annual revenue which further strengthens its economic prosperity and stability.[201] Furthermore, being a powerful social movement in its own right, Hallyu holds considerable influence in politics as well. The ninth president of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, once stated that Hallyu can be used to improve or repair the tense relations between the Koreas.[202] Still, North Korea does not have its own rendition of Hallyu and even rejects it; for example, when Psy's "Gangnam Style" was released in 2012, North Korea viewed the song with contempt because while South Korea was attracting positive attention, it was also undermining the impoverished conditions of North Korea at the same time.[203]

LGBT rights edit

In 2014, protests of the then-recently enacted anti-gay laws included targeting the corporate sponsors for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi Russia. Among the sponsors was McDonald's, whose marketing included the hashtag #CheersToSochi, which was hijacked by the queer activist group Queer Nation.[204][205][206]

In June 2015, The United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage nationwide.[207] This led to the creation of the hashtag #lovewins.[208] This hashtag earned over 4.5 billion impressions on Twitter. President Barack Obama joined in and tweeted using the hashtag.

United States origin edit

#Girlslikeus edit

Started by Janet Mock in 2012. This hashtag was used to support Jenna Talackova during the Miss Universe pageant.[209]

#DignidadLiteraria edit
Main article: DignidadLiteraria
#OwnVoices edit
Main article: Diversity in young adult fiction § #ownvoices

This hashtag is used to showcase authors from marginalized or underrepresented groups who write characters from those same groups of people. This hashtag represents stories being told by people who have lived those experiences.[210]

Effectiveness edit

Hashtag activism has been referred to by critics as a form of slacktivism.[211] Slacktivism is using social media as a vehicle to provide minimal support for a political or social issue. Hashtags, likes, shares, and re-posts are all seen by critics as superficial support that provide minimal change and require little effort.[212] The ease of hashtag activism has led to concerns that it might lead to overuse and public fatigue. Critics worry that hashtag activism allows participants to be satisfied with a public symbol of concern, rather than taking action.[1] The passive nature of the practice can lack the passion once displayed in movements from earlier eras.[3]

Other critiques of hashtag activism stem from the belief that online social movements are often started by privileged individuals, rather than by those who are most affected by the cause itself.

Notable critics of hashtag activism include former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, Canadian journalist Malcolm Gladwell, and Nigerian American writer Teju Cole, who all have argued that hashtag activism encourages lazy, ineffective participation that does not elicit any change.[213][214][215]

While critics worry that hashtag activism results in a lack of true action offline, supporters believe it to be an easy and effective way for users to share their opinions, find information, and provide moral support to issues.[216] The hashtag allows users to interact with one another to mobilize efforts without supporters needing to be in the same physical location or the same time of day. As posting a hashtag or reading posts linked to the hashtag requires little effort, more people are able to participate. This can build awareness by connecting it to personal stories, experiences, emotions and thoughts.[217] Identifying shared experiences builds rhetorical connections between people who would never otherwise meet, enabling users of hashtags such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter to support and validate each other and helps to expand and enrich awareness by providing access to multiple narratives.[217]

Supporters such as Bev Goodman, who initiated the #WhyIStayed movement about domestic violence, believe that hashtag activism can begin a chain of events that can lead to sustained engagement and political action.[218] For instance, in 2012 when the Susan G. Komen for the Cure foundation decided to stop funding mammograms through Planned Parenthood, social media users tweeted, #standwithpp, and #singon; later that same week, Komen reversed its decision.[3] Planned Parenthood clinics do not perform any mammograms, but they make referrals for patients.[219][220] Social media fosters a fast-paced environment that allows organizations to quickly see how individuals react to policies and decisions, which in turn creates the opportunity for those responses to be taken into account if the organization is open to changing the policy or decision.

See also edit

References edit

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January 01, 1970
hashtag, activism, this, article, contain, excessive, amount, intricate, detail, that, interest, only, particular, audience, please, help, spinning, relocating, relevant, information, removing, excessive, detail, that, against, wikipedia, inclusion, policy, se. This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Hashtag activism refers to the use of Twitter s hashtags for Internet activism 1 The hashtag has become one of the many ways that social media contributes to civic engagement and social movements 2 The use of the hashtag on social media provides users with an opportunity to share information and opinions about social issues in a way that others followers can interact and engage as part of a larger conversation with the potential to create change 3 The hashtag itself consists of a word or phrase that is connected to a social or political issue and fosters a place where discourse can occur 4 Social media provides an important platform for historically marginalized populations Through the use of hashtags these groups are able to communicate mobilize and advocate for issues less visible to the mainstream 5 Supporters of the power of hashtag activism believe that it allows users to connect with individuals from all over the world and share information quickly Critics on the other hand doubt that hashtag activism leads to real change as users are simply indicating that they care enough to post a hashtag rather than taking practical action to make a difference 6 1 Contents 1 History 2 Notable examples 2 1 Race 2 1 1 United States origin 2 1 1 1 BlackLivesMatter 2 1 1 2 IStandWithAhmed 2 1 1 3 TakeAKnee 2 1 1 4 MyAsianAmericanStory 2 1 1 5 thisis2016 2 1 1 6 OscarsSoWhite 2 1 1 7 PublishingPaidMe 2 2 Black Women s Rights 2 2 1 United States origin 2 2 1 1 SayHerName 2 3 Women s rights 2 3 1 United States origin 2 3 1 1 YesAllWomen 2 3 1 2 ShoutYourAbortion 2 3 1 3 ilooklikeanengineer 2 3 1 4 MeToo 2 3 1 5 WomensMarch 2 3 2 International origin 2 3 2 1 EleNao 2 3 2 2 WhereisPengShuai 2 3 2 3 MahsaAmini 2 3 2 4 MosqueMeToo 2 3 2 4 1 Other examples 2 4 Awareness 2 4 1 United States origin 2 4 1 1 Kony2012 2 4 1 2 WhyIStayed 2 4 1 3 FakeNews 2 4 1 4 ProtectOurWinters 2 4 1 5 FreeBritney 2 4 1 6 PublishingPaidMe 2 4 2 International origin 2 4 2 1 BringBackOurGirls 2 4 2 2 AmINext 2 4 2 3 PrayforParis 2 4 2 4 flygskam 2 4 2 5 CoronaVirus 2 5 Political 2 5 1 United States origin 2 5 1 1 HumanizeTheBadge 2 5 1 2 NODAPL 2 5 1 3 NotOneMore 2 5 1 4 MarchforOurLives 2 5 1 5 EndFathersDay 2 5 1 6 NoBanNoWall 2 5 1 7 FireDrillFridays 2 5 1 8 WalkAway 2 5 2 International origin 2 5 2 1 ArabSpring 2 5 2 2 Oromoprotests 2 5 2 3 Sosblakaustralia 2 5 2 4 IdleNoMore 2 5 2 5 UmbrellaRevolution 2 5 2 6 PutItToThePeople 2 5 2 7 Other examples 2 5 2 8 2019GantiPresiden 2 6 Trends 2 6 1 United States origin 2 6 1 1 icebucketchallenge and ALS 2 6 2 International origin 2 6 2 1 Hallyu 2 7 LGBT rights 2 7 1 United States origin 2 7 1 1 Girlslikeus 2 7 1 2 DignidadLiteraria 2 7 1 3 OwnVoices 3 Effectiveness 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory editThe hashtag as it is currently used across social media sites was first proposed on Twitter by former Google developer Chris Messina in 2007 The purpose of the invention was to create a meta tag that allowed users to track dynamic content in relation to a particular event or topic Twitter s initial response to the use of the hashtag for such purposes was negative The social media site posted that these things were for nerds 7 but later that year saw the impact with use of the sandiegofire which allowed users to track content related to the fire the safety of loved ones and general updates The use of the hashtag has now spread to other social media sites including Facebook Instagram and TikTok 2 Since 2007 the hashtag has been used to coordinate conversations online find supporters and arrange protests allowing for users to be active participate in social and political movements 8 Notable examples editThis is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources The following notable examples are organized by categories human rights awareness political and trends Race edit United States origin edit BlackLivesMatter edit Main article Black Lives Matter The Black Lives Matter movement calls for an end to police brutality and the killings of African Americans in the U S The BlackLivesMatter hashtag was first started by Alicia Garza Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi as a response to the trial and later acquittal of George Zimmerman who shot and killed 17 year old Trayvon Martin 9 The hashtag saw a revival in 2014 after the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson Missouri and after a grand jury did not indict police officer Daniel Pantaleo in the death of Eric Garner 10 During the summer of 2020 the hashtag saw another resurgence due to the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor at the hands of police 11 IStandWithAhmed edit Main article Ahmed Mohamed clock incident nbsp President Obama Twitter POTUS44 Cool clock Ahmed Want to bring it to the White House We should inspire more kids like you to like science It s what makes America great September 16 2015 12 IstandwithAhmed In 2015 a teenage student named Ahmed Mohamed was arrested at his high school in Irving Texas after his teacher mistook his reassembled clock for a bomb Ultimately he was not convicted of any crimes but he was suspended from school Shortly after his story hit the news a tech blogger named Anil Dash tweeted a picture of Ahmed being arrested in his NASA T shirt along with the IstandwithAhmed His tweet went viral and drew accusations of racism and Islamophobia against the school It sparked an online movement where many individuals including scientists and engineers tweeted their support for Ahmed under the same hashtag TakeAKnee edit Main articles U S national anthem protests 2016 present and Quarterback kneel TakeAknee has been a movement since 2016 and was created with the intention of calling attention to the police brutality and racial inequality taking place in America 13 This movement was enacted primarily by NFL athletes most notably Colin Kaepernick through kneeling for the duration of the national anthem this act has stirred significant controversy because it is interpreted by nationalists as being a disrespectful act that insults the American flag veterans and the values the flag represents This movement ultimately led to BoycottNFL and controversy that resulted in the NFL ban requiring players to stand for the national anthem or stay in the locker room 14 TakeAKnee is often known as the U S National Anthem Protest and is often compared to protests during the civil rights era lending to a chain of protests led by athletes in different sports 15 While the police brutality being faced by African Americans was being protested white American athletes were also seen taking a knee 16 As a whole the TakeAKnee movement created controversy questioning the legal and constitutional rights of individuals and their ability to protest the U S National Anthem 17 18 MyAsianAmericanStory edit In August 2015 a 15 year old high student named Jason Fong created MyAsianAmericanStory to highlight immigration stories of Asian Americans after presidential candidate Jeb Bush made a remark about Asian people and their anchor babies 19 20 Fong stated that he started the hashtag to show that Asian Americans are part of the American narrative 21 Users of the tag tweeted about their diverse family immigration histories and encounters with racism 22 Fong said he was inspired to start MyAsianAmericanStory in part by hashtags such as BlackLivesMatter and participated in other hashtag campaigns such as Asians4BlackLives in order to show his support for dismantling a broken system that protects police misconduct 19 thisis2016 edit In October 2016 following an anti Asian incident in New York City and the subsequent open letter to the victim from Michael Luo The New York Times released a video entitled thisis2016 Asian Americans Respond 23 The video featured Asian Americans who had experienced racism 24 thisis2016 subsequently emerged as a hashtag to highlight racism Asian Americans faced 25 Eventually BrownAsiansExist came to prominence following an open letter written to The New York Times expressing their disappointment in the lack of South and Southeast Asian Americans in their thisis2016 video 26 BrownAsiansExist more broadly highlights the erasure of South Asian and Southeast Asian Americans in the American media s portrayal of Asian Americans 27 OscarsSoWhite edit Main article 87th Academy Awards OscarSoWhite is a hashtag campaign started by BroadwayBlack com managing editor April Reign and was sparked by the Oscars nominees in 2016 28 All of the 20 actors nominated for lead and supporting actor categories were white despite multiple films that year starring African American leads that had received critics prizes and guild awards 29 The campaign sparked a conversation about diversity representation and racism in the film industry 30 The movement is connected to causing enough external pressure to significantly change the racial composition of academy membership 31 Following the peak of the hashtag s popularity the academy instated 41 minority voters and 46 female voters 32 Production companies felt the pressure as well and subsequently diversified their casting and staffing decisions as well hiring Ava Duvernay an African American female director to head the production of A Wrinkle in Time and hiring non white actors in the traditionally white Star Wars series 33 PublishingPaidMe edit Main article PublishingPaidMe Black Women s Rights edit United States origin edit SayHerName edit Main article SayHerName SayHerName originated in 2015 by the African American Policy Forum spearheaded by Kimberle Crenshaw The purpose of SayHerName was to bring media and public attention to the abuse and murder of Black women both cis and transgrender at the hands of the police 34 The alleged suicide of Sandra Bland after being taken into police custody made the hashtag viral and allowed for the exposure sharing and investigation into the stories of other Black women who died as a result of police violence SayHerName was also associated with the deaths of Breonna Taylor Aura Rosser Tanisha Anderson and many others 35 Women s rights edit United States origin edit YesAllWomen edit Main article YesAllWomenYesAllWomen is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign in which users share examples or stories of misogyny and violence against women 36 YesAllWomen was created in reaction to another hashtag NotAllMen to express that all women are affected by sexism and harassment even though not all men are sexist The hashtag quickly became used by women throughout social media to share their experiences of misogyny and sexism 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 The hashtag was popular in May 2014 surrounding discussions of the 2014 Isla Vista killings 45 46 47 ShoutYourAbortion edit Main article ShoutYourAbortion ShoutYourAbortion is a hashtag and social media campaign used on Twitter that encourages women who have experience with abortion to break the silence surrounding it 48 49 50 The hashtag was created by American writer Lindy West and friends Amelia Bonow and Kimberly Morrison in response to the US House of Representatives efforts to defund Planned Parenthood following the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy 51 52 53 54 55 ilooklikeanengineer edit Main article I Look Like an Engineer In August 2015 the ilooklikeanengineer campaign started The movement was started by Isis Anchalee to promote discussion of gender issues 56 Anchalee created the hashtag in response to backlash regarding her face being featured in an ad campaign for the company she works for One year after the creation of ilooklikeanengineer 250 000 people had used the hashtag 57 58 MeToo edit Main article Me Too movement MeToo is a Twitter hashtag that raises awareness about sexual assault by encouraging survivors to share their stories 59 The hashtag was initially first used in 2007 by Tarana Burke 60 but was later popularized and brought to the attention of the media on October 15 2017 when Alyssa Milano using Twitter encouraged individuals 61 to speak up about their experience with assault and say Me Too 62 Initially meant to simply raise awareness MeToo developed into a movement and as of October 2018 the hashtag had been used 19 million times 63 The movement has sparked many other movements like HowIWillChange 64 and has also led to certain punishments towards the perpetrators 62 As a reaction the HimToo hashtag was created It that refers to the social media campaign for false rape allegation WomensMarch edit Main articles 2017 Women s March 2018 Women s March and 2019 Women s March On January 21 2017 an estimated 2 6 million individuals marched around the world in response to the rhetoric of newly elected President Donald Trump 65 The march was organized primarily online through Facebook 66 Now occurring annually the goal of the Women s March is to raise awareness and advocates for human rights through peaceful protest 67 Similar to other hashtag movements WomensMarch has an online presence The movement has a Facebook page that is active verified under the name Women s March that was created on November 20 2016 68 As of April 2 2019 the page is liked by over 800 000 individuals and has a following of more than 850 000 users 68 Outside of the official page there are multiple pages defined by geographic region including but not limited to Women s March on Connecticut Women s March on San Diego and Women s March Milan 69 70 71 In addition to Facebook the Women s March Movement has an active profile on Instagram and as of April 2019 the page has 1 2 million followers 72 International origin edit EleNao edit Main article Ele Nao movement nbsp Protester in Porto Alegre Brazil participating in the Ele Nao movement On September 19 2018 the Ele Nao movement Ele Nao is Portuguese for not him also known as the protests against Jair Bolsonaro were demonstrations led by women which took place in several regions of Brazil and the world The main goal was to protest against Bolsonaro and his presidential campaign and his sexist declarations 73 74 75 76 WhereisPengShuai edit Main article WhereIsPengShuai After the November 2021 disappearance of Chinese tennis player Peng Shuai the hashtag WhereisPengShuai appeared on Twitter 77 and was Tweeted by athletes such as Serena Williams 78 and Naomi Osaka 79 MahsaAmini edit Main article Death of Mahsa Amini Amini s beating and death caused widespread anger among several social networks The hashtag MahsaAmini became one of the most repeated hashtags on Persian Twitter The number of tweets and retweets of these hashtags exceeded 80 million 80 81 Some Iranian women posted videos on social media of themselves cutting their hair in protest 82 It was reported on 21 September that the Iranian government had blocked internet access to Instagram and WhatsApp and disrupted internet service in Kurdistan and other parts of Iran in an attempt to silence the unrest 83 As of 24 September 2022 the hashtag Mahsa Amini and its equivalent in Persian broke the Twitter record with more than 80 million tweets 84 85 MosqueMeToo edit Main article Mosque Me Too movement In February 2018 the Mosque Me Too movement started following the Me Too movement which gained worldwide prominence in October 2017 and the following months Muslim women started sharing their experiences of sexual abuse at Muslim holy sites and on pilgrimages such as Hajj Mecca Saudi Arabia using the hashtag MosqueMeToo 86 87 88 Other examples edit A 2012 Twitter discussion among women working in games collated under the hashtag 1reasonwhy indicated that sexist practices such as the oversexualization of female video game characters workplace harassment and unequal pay for men and women were common in the games industry 89 90 91 The hashtag NotYourAsianSidekick was initiated by Suey Park and Juliet Shen in December 2013 on Twitter 92 Suey Park is a freelance writer who is most known for her Twitter campaign to cancel the Colbert Show while Juliet Shen ran a blog on Asian American feminism They started the hashtag town hall as a way to create a platform for structured conversation around misogyny and issues specific to Asian American women 93 In less than 24 hours NotYourAsianSidekick had been used over 45 000 times 94 DeafTalent is a hashtag used to highlight through social media the capabilities of the deaf and hard of hearing community Prior to the hashtag s emergence in the creative industry hearing actors had been cast in deaf roles The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia wrote In response to this the social media hashtags DeafTalent and POCDeafTalent were created The hashtags while originally used to point out problematic portrayals of deaf characters and sign language in the media are now also used to celebrate the wide breadth and multiplicity of deaf actors artists and other talent in the world 95 The hashtag Boymom has taken to social media platforms in order to display the so called chaotic and messy experiences mothers of boys go through Instagram appears to be the platform with the most Boymom hashtags with nearly 12 9 million hashtags Girlmom falls significantly behind in numbers with only 4 8 million Currently there is much speculation surrounding this hashtag People argue that it creates an environment for children where they feel unable to fully express their gender Some people even go as far as to say that it perpetuates the sexist idea that sons are valued more than daughters 96 Awareness edit United States origin edit Kony2012 edit Main article Kony 2012 nbsp A Kony 2012 poster Kony 2012 is a short film produced by Invisible Children Inc authors of Invisible Children It was released on March 5 2012 97 98 99 100 The film s purpose was to promote the charity s Stop Kony movement to make African cult and militia leader indicted war criminal and the International Criminal Court fugitive Joseph Kony 101 globally known in order to have him arrested by the end of 2012 102 when the campaign expired The film spread virally through the Kony2012 hashtag 103 104 105 WhyIStayed edit Main article WhyIStayed WhyILeftIn 2014 a media release of security camera footage that appeared to show NFL player Ray Rice punching his then fiancee Janay Rice sparked public conversation on why victims of abuse stay in abusive relationships In response to this question writer and domestic abuse survivor Beverly Gooden started the WhyIStayed campaign via Twitter in an effort to change the tone of the conversation The hashtag began to trend nationally five hours after its creation and was used more than 46 000 times that day 106 Beverly appeared on NPR s All Things Considered to discuss hashtag activism 107 nbsp Pope Francis shocks world endorses Donald Trump for president FakeNews edit Main article Fake news While fake news or politically motivated disinformation PMD is not a new occurrence the sentiment and spread of distrust of news coverage has become more notable since the 2016 U S elections cycle The hashtag FakeNews gained major popularity in 2016 when Donald Trump claimed that the negative press coverage he received was due to the spread of false stories Since the emergence of this hashtag there has been an increase in policy related bills and laws regarding the proliferation of inaccurate information globally which further politicized the issue and raised concerns of impending censorship The emergence of social media has allowed for fake news to spread much quicker than regular news and information pushing technology companies to take a more active role in detecting and removing fake news An example of FakeNews comes from a website named WTOF 5 News The headline reads Pope Francis shocks world endorses Donald Trump for president 108 With the help from Facebook this fake news article received over 960 000 engagements from the popular social media site making it one of the post popular fake news articles of 2016 citation needed ProtectOurWinters edit Main article Protect Our Winters Protect Our Winters is a movement and a nonprofit organization started by snowboarder Jeremy Jones 109 and other winter sport athletes to raise awareness about global warming and climate change The movement started in 2016 as a response to it being one of the hottest years 109 110 The movement demonstrates the effects of global warming with data about the winter sports industry and rise in carbon dioxide percentage 109 111 Protect Our Winters or POW calls for people to not only be aware of the effects global warming but to take action by volunteering voting for legislature or donating to the cause FreeBritney edit Main articles Free Britney movement and Britney Spears conservatorship dispute In April 2019 the Britney Spears fan podcast Britney s Gram uncovered the first alleged abuses within her conservatorship arrangement and created the hashtag FreeBritney The term itself had been in use by certain fans since 2008 112 Alongside advocating for the termination and investigation of Spears s conservatorship the hashtag and accompanying social movement have been used to raise awareness of guardianship and conservatorship abuse across the United States 113 The hashtag has led to legislative change in California surrounding legal procedures within conservatorship and has inspired various bipartisan inquiries of guardianship and conservatorship law in Congress 114 115 PublishingPaidMe edit Main article PublishingPaidMe Created in 2020 by L L McKinney this hashtag was used by authors to discuss the pay differences received by publishers for black and non black authors 116 International origin edit BringBackOurGirls edit nbsp First Lady Michelle Obama initiated the BringBackOurGirls hashtag Main article Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping Boko Haram kidnapped over 200 schoolgirls from Chibok Nigeria in May 2014 refusing to return the girls 117 The hashtag BringBackOurGirls was created and used in hopes of keeping the story in the news and bringing international attention to it 118 The hashtag was first used by a corporate lawyer named Ibrahim Abdullahi and has also been used by the likes of First Lady Michelle Obama who used it to raise awareness for the kidnapped girls 119 120 The hashtag in itself has received 2 million retweets 121 AmINext edit Main article AmINext In the Fall of 2014 a Canadian Inuit woman named Holly Jarrett created the AmINext hashtag campaign to raise awareness about the Canadian Government s lack of response to the high rate of violence against Indigenous women 122 The campaign involves people taking photos of themselves with signs holding AmINext and posting it to social media The campaign was meant to encourage a national conversation about the invisibility and vulnerability of the female Indigenous demographic and call attention to the minimal efforts of the Government in investigating the murders and disappearances 123 124 Holly was personally inspired to carry out the campaign as her cousin Loretta Saunders an Inuit woman from Labrador went missing and was ultimately found dead on the side of a Canadian highway After the campaign the government filed a national DNA missing person s index and introduced 30 safety initiatives to help indigenous women 125 PrayforParis edit Main article PrayForParis The epicenter of Paris encountered unexpected terrorist attacks leading to worldwide efforts to spread awareness about this incident During this event terrorists were wearing suicide belts and the subsequent violence was shocking The terrorists were planning to enter the stadium along with other people 126 Despite the person being prevented from entering it demonstrated the severity of how people are risking their own lives indirectly affecting others Following the incident more than 70 million people began to share this news on various social media platforms in order to reach a broader audience 127 For example Facebook enabled users to change their profile picture to a transparent overlay of the French flag to indicate support to the victims Twitter was also utilized However rather than creating a transparent overlay on a Twitter s user profile a hashtag was created to emphasize support This simple hashtag of PrayforParis allowed users to spread support so that audiences were not only informed about the event but could also click on a hyperlink to learn more about the cause and other user s perspectives Although social media platforms were useful in spreading awareness the effect of younger individuals were just as notable For example a young child drew his thoughts on paper including the message Shot after shot bang after bang wasting innocent lives 128 flygskam edit Flygskam is a Swedish word that literally translates as flight shame It is the name of an anti flying movement that originated in Sweden last year which encourages people to stop taking flights to lower carbon emissions The idea was originally championed by Olympic athlete Bjorn Ferry and gained momentum after teenage activist Greta Thunberg s mother the opera singer Malena Ernman publicly announced she would stop flying with various Swedish celebrities the following suit Thunberg herself traveled largely by train during her recent two week tour of Europe 129 The activism has seen real results in Sweden as the sales of airline ticket sales declined by 4 in January 2020 due to the increasing public awareness to the carbon footprint resulted by commercial flights 130 CoronaVirus edit Coronavirus COVID 19 and Covid 19 represent a few of the most common hashtags referring to Coronavirus 2019 that started in Wuhan China 131 132 The Hashtag has increased rapidly with the World Health Organization s WHO declaration of the virus as pandemic on 11 March 2020 133 Looking at the trajectory of this Hashtag on Twitter from Symplur it shows a notable decrease in the number of Hashtags from 50763 on 13 April 2020 to 35795 on 18 April 2020 134 Political edit United States origin edit HumanizeTheBadge edit Prior to 2020 humanizethebadge was primarily circulating on Twitter and Facebook by organizations promoting stronger bonds between law enforcement and the communities they serve such as the nonprofit group Humanizing the Badge 135 This need for betterment was due to police brutality killing George Floyd on May 5 2020 This ignited the public s want for change and placed the Black Lives Matter protests at the forefront of the media 136 Behind the protest lines the hashtag humanizing the badge popularized The purpose of humanizethebadge was for officers and officers loved ones to show their communities the person behind the police uniform humanizethebadge is mostly seen on TikTok with over 2 billion posts including the hashtag These posts strive to humanize officers to reveal them as more relatable and trustworthy 137 This relatability is an attempt to bring them closer to the citizens and communities they serve 138 Through the use of TikTok officers are able to reach a wider audience TikTok allows creators to jump from audience to audience and trend to trend 139 These videos receive tens of millions of views promoting bureaucratic propaganda due to officers supporting the appearance of institutional legitimacy 140 Within the videos they are able to promote themselves as your average relatable human while being in uniform thus associating themselves with the police department Creating this link humanizes law enforcement as a whole in an attempt to show police as the good guy However this hashtag is not universally promoted by police officers A former police officer and current entrepreneur Autumn Clifford believe being a police officer is a great responsibility that needs to be represented by leaders She notes historically society has never loved law enforcement and citizens do not like being told what to do Thus they need leaders to guide them in a positive direction Civilians need to see police as leaders within their own communities Clifford suggests this can be achieved by officers having real and honest conversations with civilians and by going out of their way to relate to citizens This can lead to a greater respect for law enforcement She provides an example of being called to a troubled teen s group home and ending the encounter with a dance battle This encounter changed the teen s perspective on her and referred to her as the cool cop for the rest of her time on the job This one simple interaction humanized her to the group of teens 141 NODAPL edit nbsp The noDAPL hashtag used in real life outside social media This paragraph is an excerpt from NODAPL edit NODAPL also referred to as the Dakota Access Pipeline protests is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign for the struggle against the proposed and partially built Dakota Access Pipeline The role social media played in this movement is so substantial that the movement itself is now often referred to by its hashtag NoDAPL The hashtag reflected a grassroots campaign that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline in the northern United States The Standing Rock Sioux and allied organizations took legal action aimed at stopping construction of the project while youth from the reservation began a social media campaign which gradually evolved into a larger movement with dozens of associated hashtags The campaign aimed to raise awareness on the threat of the pipeline on the sacred burial grounds as well as the quality of water in the area In June 2021 a federal judge struck down the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe s lawsuit but left the option of reopening the case should any prior orders be violated 142 NotOneMore edit Main article 2014 Isla Vista killings nbsp A memorial service held at Harder Stadium after the Isla Vista killingsThe hashtag NotOneMore developed shortly after the May 23 2014 shooting in Isla Vista Santa Barbara California During this incident six students attending the University of California Santa Barbara lost their lives Richard Martinez the father of one of the victims quickly spoke out about gun control calling for stricter gun control during memorial ceremonies and rallies chanting Not One More The phrase became a hashtag on social media afterwards Richard also worked with Everytown s digital team to create a tool to allow participants to send postcards to their senators congressional representatives and governor containing the phrase Not One More MarchforOurLives edit Main article March for Our Lives The March for Our Lives protest began after the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland Florida on February 14 2018 143 In response to a surge of gun violence in schools and the 17 dead after the Parkland shooting people began to rally around the hashtag neveragain The hashtag indicative of the larger movement against gun violence spread across social networks and went viral in early 2018 Additionally the movement organized walkouts in remembrance of the lives lost due to gun violence In March 2018 hundreds of marches were organized across the country in support of stricter gun laws many of which were met with resistance from anti protesters 143 Since February 2018 there have been 123 laws passed nationwide at the state level to address concerns of gun control 144 On February 17 2018 a Facebook page was started by students to encourage their participation in the movement and as of April 2019 the page has been liked by more than 280 000 individuals and has a following of more than 300 000 145 The Instagram page marchforourlives is live and as of April 2019 has over 200 posts and just over 360 000 followers 146 EndFathersDay edit In 2014 some editors spoofed being black feminists spreading the meme EndFathersDay Fox News picked the hoax to denounce 147 After much research the fake accounts were outed 148 NoBanNoWall edit Main article Protests against Donald Trump NoBanNoWall is a hashtag and social media campaign created in response to Donald Trump s purported Muslim ban and 2016 presidential campaign promises to build a physical wall on the US Mexico border 149 In 2017 President Donald Trump issued multiple executive orders threatening to break up families and turn away refugees 150 Saki Barzinji and Imraan Siddiqi started NoBanNoWall in an effort to rally Muslim Latino and other communities to stand up against xenophobic immigration policies 151 On January 25 2017 protestors gathered at Washington Square Park and chanted No ban no wall which inspired the Twitter hashtag NoBanNoWall to protest Trump s travel ban 152 The impact of the movement was seen in airports immediately after the hashtag started trending 153 A judge in New York accepted a request from the ACLU to provide a warrant blocking deportation in airports 154 The movement became a platform for people to share stories of them or their families immigrating to the US and worked to combat the growing public fear of certain foreigners 155 FireDrillFridays edit Inspired by Greta Thunberg and started by Greenpeace and Jane Fonda FireDrillFridays brings awareness to the climate change crisis 156 Calling for a Green New Deal in the United States government the movement organized protests on the Capitol every Friday beginning in October 2019 157 The campaign also advocates for complete stoppage of new fossil fuel projects and to phase out existing fossil fuel projects 158 159 FireDrillFridays gained popularity with celebrity arrests 160 Due to the COVID 19 pandemic Fonda moved FireDrillFridays online to continue rallying for government action 161 WalkAway edit This paragraph is an excerpt from WalkAway campaign edit The WalkAway campaign is a social media campaign that was launched ahead of the United States 2018 mid term elections with the stated purpose of encouraging liberals to leave the Democratic Party 162 163 The campaign which also organized events to support Donald Trump was noted and criticized 164 for its astroturfing methods and the claim that there was a popular movement of people leaving the party 165 166 167 International origin edit ArabSpring edit Main article Arab Spring ArabSpring spread across social media early 2011 spreading awareness of the anti government protest in the North Africa and the Middle East 168 The ArabSpring is Twitter hashtag used in anti government protests across the Middle East in 2010 169 Oromoprotests edit In 2014 IOYA The International Oromo Youth Association created the Oromoprotests hashtag to bring awareness to Oromo student protests against the Ethiopian government s plan to expand Addis Ababa and annex areas occupied by Oromo farmers and residents The hashtag was utilized again starting in late November December 2015 to bring attention to renewed Oromo protests and the Ethiopian government s violent crackdown on students journalists and musicians 170 171 While the Oromo held protests before this was the first time the Oromo could be united across the country by using new social media platforms 172 Sosblakaustralia edit In March 2015 an activism campaign took hold in Australia Sosblakaustralia was a campaign started in a small aboriginal town in Western Australia This campaign was to combat an initiative that would close down 150 rural aboriginal communities 173 Though this movement started in a rural community of 200 Sosblakaustralia with poor Internet connection it eventually spread to thousands of followers including Australian celebrities such as Hugh Jackman this caused the movement to expand as far as London In 18 days this movement had over 50 000 followers and had reached over 1 000 000 people worldwide 174 IdleNoMore edit Main article Idle No More In the Winter of 2012 2013 in Canada a campaign was started by Canadian indigenous activists using IdleNoMore in order to combat future legislation that would threaten indigenous land and water The movement has continued to grow and unify native communities and the hashtag has made expansion possible Idle No More started in Canada it has spread to native people around the world including the United States and Australia where indigenous people face similar issues 175 The use of the hashtag and social media has been instrumental in spreading Idle No More s message to indigenous people around the world giving those who otherwise would be voiceless a means to participate in activism 176 UmbrellaRevolution edit Main article 2014 Hong Kong protests nbsp A sign of the Umbrella Revolution protest in Hong Kong The response of the umbrella became a symbol in Admiralty Mong Kok and Causeway Bay districts Hong Kong to protest about the free election systems in China The protestors had been camped on the streets and the public parks The umbrella was used to protect the protesters in defence of the democratic political process in 2014 when police used tear gas in attempts to get them to leave Umbrella Revolution and Umbrella Movement have been used to identify this event through British media outlet BBC through social network services such as Twitter and Instagram made the events in Hong Kong reach many other people not directly involved with the protest with the use of UmbrellaRevolution and created a worldwide social awareness to how Hong Kong was responding to support of the democratic process 177 178 179 PutItToThePeople edit Main article People s Vote The United Kingdom based People s Vote campaign group was launched in April 2018 and calls for a confirmatory public vote on the final Brexit deal between the United Kingdom and the European Union 180 and uses PutItToThePeople as its activism hashtag 181 Other examples edit In September 2014 The Hokkolorob Movement Let The Voice Raise Movement started It is a series of protests initiated by the students of Jadavpur University in Kolkata India that began on September 3 2014 The term hok kolorob make some noise was first used as a hashtag on Facebook 182 2019GantiPresiden edit Main article 2019 Ganti Presiden In 2018 Indonesian politician Mardani Ali Sera introduced 2019GantiPresiden Replace the President in 2019 in which he spreads this hashtag through social media to spread public awareness and pushing Indonesian netizens to elect another president in 2019 instead of Jokowi 183 Mardani s statement was reinforced by the statement of the PKS president Sohibul Iman 184 Previously a movement with the same name was also launched by Mardani on his personal Twitter account on March 27 2018 According to Mardani in a tweet the hashtag was the antithesis of Joko Widodo s campaign of supporters on social media 185 Many social media accounts began to retweet the hashtag Within a short period of time T shirts were produced with the hashtag with Mardani denying that the movement is a political campaign due to a lack of a supported replacement 186 The movement garnered significant support from other opposition politicians including Amien Rais PAN 187 and Yusril Ihza Mahendra PBB 188 Reasons cited include pressure on Islamic organizations 188 influx of immigrant workers mainly from China due to relaxation of immigration rules 189 and economic issues such as a lack of available jobs and increased prices of necessities 190 Numerous rallies and supports for 2019GantiPresiden was spread across the country such as in Jakarta 191 Surakarta 192 and Jogjakarta 193 Even Ahmad Syaikhu and Sudrajat tell if they won the 2018 West Java gubernatorial election they will support 2019 Ganti Presiden movement 194 195 However the movement was flopped after President Joko Widodo won the election twice 196 Trends edit United States origin edit icebucketchallenge and ALS edit Main article Ice Bucket Challenge source source source source source UC Berkeley s ex chancellor Nicholas Dirks participates in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge The icebucketchallenge is an act where a bucket of ice water is dumped over the head of an individual and documented by videos or pictures and a challenge is issued to another person or persons to do the same The challenged individual then either has to respond by dumping ice water on their head or donate money to a Motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS also referred to as Lou Gehrig s disease charity However doing both is also an option The encouragement of the challenge is to circulate the video or photo on social media websites and applications with their community friends and family to show their support in raising awareness of ALS MND 197 The involvement of icebucketchallenge with the global audience of social media generated so much awareness and support that in early August 2014 the national ALS charity foundation president Barbara Newhouse directly attributed the movement to a fundraising surge of 168 000 that accumulated in just a week That figure contrasted with the 14 000 raised in the same time the year prior prompted the CEO and her 38 years in the industry to view the difference in support as crazy 198 A month after the August 2014 fundraising week the number of videos that were directly associated with the icebucketchallenge was tallied on the Facebook website from June 1 to September 1 at 17 million according to the Facebook Newsroom 199 As the videos continued to climb so did the challenges Eventually public figures such as James Franco Charlie Rose and even former president George W Bush took an activist role in raising money for research and awareness of the ALS disease 200 International origin edit Hallyu edit Main article Korean Wave The Hallyu Wave which literally translates to flow of Korea or more commonly known as the Korean Wave represents the social movement in connection to South Korean culture and entertainment Economically Hallyu is tremendously profitable attracting millions of tourists and fans per year and produces many forms of entertainment such as Korean pop music and television drama series ultimately generating billions of US dollars in annual revenue which further strengthens its economic prosperity and stability 201 Furthermore being a powerful social movement in its own right Hallyu holds considerable influence in politics as well The ninth president of South Korea Roh Moo hyun once stated that Hallyu can be used to improve or repair the tense relations between the Koreas 202 Still North Korea does not have its own rendition of Hallyu and even rejects it for example when Psy s Gangnam Style was released in 2012 North Korea viewed the song with contempt because while South Korea was attracting positive attention it was also undermining the impoverished conditions of North Korea at the same time 203 LGBT rights edit In 2014 protests of the then recently enacted anti gay laws included targeting the corporate sponsors for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi Russia Among the sponsors was McDonald s whose marketing included the hashtag CheersToSochi which was hijacked by the queer activist group Queer Nation 204 205 206 In June 2015 The United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of same sex marriage nationwide 207 This led to the creation of the hashtag lovewins 208 This hashtag earned over 4 5 billion impressions on Twitter President Barack Obama joined in and tweeted using the hashtag United States origin edit Girlslikeus edit Started by Janet Mock in 2012 This hashtag was used to support Jenna Talackova during the Miss Universe pageant 209 DignidadLiteraria edit Main article DignidadLiteraria OwnVoices edit Main article Diversity in young adult fiction ownvoices This hashtag is used to showcase authors from marginalized or underrepresented groups who write characters from those same groups of people This hashtag represents stories being told by people who have lived those experiences 210 Effectiveness editHashtag activism has been referred to by critics as a form of slacktivism 211 Slacktivism is using social media as a vehicle to provide minimal support for a political or social issue Hashtags likes shares and re posts are all seen by critics as superficial support that provide minimal change and require little effort 212 The ease of hashtag activism has led to concerns that it might lead to overuse and public fatigue Critics worry that hashtag activism allows participants to be satisfied with a public symbol of concern rather than taking action 1 The passive nature of the practice can lack the passion once displayed in movements from earlier eras 3 Other critiques of hashtag activism stem from the belief that online social movements are often started by privileged individuals rather than by those who are most affected by the cause itself Notable critics of hashtag activism include former Alaska governor Sarah Palin Canadian journalist Malcolm Gladwell and Nigerian American writer Teju Cole who all have argued that hashtag activism encourages lazy ineffective participation that does not elicit any change 213 214 215 While critics worry that hashtag activism results in a lack of true action offline supporters believe it to be an easy and effective way for users to share their opinions find information and provide moral support to issues 216 The hashtag allows users to interact with one another to mobilize efforts without supporters needing to be in the same physical location or the same time of day As posting a hashtag or reading posts linked to the hashtag requires little effort more people are able to participate This can build awareness by connecting it to personal stories experiences emotions and thoughts 217 Identifying shared experiences builds rhetorical connections between people who would never otherwise meet enabling users of hashtags such as MeToo and BlackLivesMatter to support and validate each other and helps to expand and enrich awareness by providing access to multiple narratives 217 Supporters such as Bev Goodman who initiated the WhyIStayed movement about domestic violence believe that hashtag activism can begin a chain of events that can lead to sustained engagement and political action 218 For instance in 2012 when the Susan G Komen for the Cure foundation decided to stop funding mammograms through Planned Parenthood social media users tweeted standwithpp and singon later that same week Komen reversed its decision 3 Planned Parenthood clinics do not perform any mammograms but they make referrals for patients 219 220 Social media fosters a fast paced environment that allows organizations to quickly see how individuals react to policies and decisions which in turn creates the opportunity for those responses to be taken into account if the organization is open to changing the policy or decision See also editCall out culture Netizen Slacktivism Social desirability bias Social justice warrior Twitter diplomacy Virtue signalingReferences edit a b c Feminism Sage Knowledge 2015 doi 10 4135 9781473945562 a b Humphreys Ashlee 2016 Social media enduring principles Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 932843 7 OCLC 908698924 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b c Mann Alana 2017 12 22 Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia Digital Food Activism Routledge pp 168 184 doi 10 4324 9781315109930 9 ISBN 9781315109930 retrieved 2022 03 06 Spreading Feminism Online Weibo Feminism Bloomsbury Academic 2022 doi 10 5040 9781350231528 ch 002 ISBN 978 1 3502 3152 8 S2CID 247044502 retrieved 2022 03 06 Maples Carol J 2008 Giving voice the use of interactive theatre as professional development in higher education to reduce alienation of marginalized groups Thesis University of Missouri Libraries doi 10 32469 10355 5506 hdl 10355 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2014 doi 10 18551 issn1997 0749 2014 06 inactive 2024 04 24 ISSN 1997 0749 http dx doi org 10 18551 issn1997 0749 2014 06 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Missing or empty title help CS1 maint DOI inactive as of April 2024 link dead link Cabrera Nolan L Matias Cheryl E Montoya Roberto December 2017 Activism or slacktivism The potential and pitfalls of social media in contemporary student activism Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 10 4 400 415 doi 10 1037 dhe0000061 ISSN 1938 8934 S2CID 151362391 Dewey Caitlin 2014 05 08 Is hashtag activism better than doing nothing Or about the same The Washington Post The politics of nursing Nursing Standard 3 19 19 21 1989 02 04 doi 10 7748 ns 3 19 19 s47 ISSN 0029 6570 Brand R E 2009 09 11 Screening for familial pancreatic cancer is doing something better than doing nothing Gut 58 10 1321 1322 doi 10 1136 gut 2009 181214 ISSN 0017 5749 PMID 19749135 S2CID 20762933 Keene Ann T October 2015 Chandler Otis 23 November 1927 17 February 2006 American National Biography Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 anb 9780198606697 article 1603926 a b Yang Guobin 2016 08 11 Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism The Case of BlackLivesMatter Media and Communication 4 4 13 17 doi 10 17645 mac v4i4 692 ISSN 2183 2439 Potts Liza Seitzinger Joyce Jones Dave Harrison Angela 2011 Tweeting disaster Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on Design of communication New York New York USA ACM Press p 235 doi 10 1145 2038476 2038522 ISBN 9781450309363 S2CID 15573347 Hee Michelle Ye October 2 2015 The repeated misleading claim that Planned Parenthood provides mammograms The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 4 2017 Retrieved April 13 2017 Robertson Lori 2012 10 18 Planned Parenthood and Mammograms FactCheck org Retrieved 2022 11 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hashtag activism amp oldid 1220599135, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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