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Wikipedia

Hashtag

January 22, 2023

For the group, see HashTag (group).

A hashtag is a metadata tag that is prefaced by the hash (also known as pound or octothorpe) sign, #. On social media, hashtags are used on microblogging and photo-sharing services such as Twitter or Tumblr as a form of user-generated tagging that enables cross-referencing of content by topic or theme.[1] For example, a search within Facebook or Instagram for the hashtag #bluesky returns all posts that have been tagged with that term. After the initial hash symbol, a hashtag may include letters, numerals, or underscores.[2]

An example of a hashtag

The use of hashtags was first proposed by American blogger and product consultant Chris Messina in a 2007 tweet.[3][4] Messina made no attempt to patent the use because he felt that "they were born of the internet, and owned by no one".[5][6] Hashtags became entrenched in the culture of Twitter[7] and soon emerged across Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube.[8][9] In June 2014, a hashtag was added to the Oxford English Dictionary as "a word or phrase with the symbol # in front of it, used on social media websites and apps so that you can search for all messages with the same subject".[10][11]

Origin and acceptance

 
Chris Messina, the inventor of the hashtag

The number sign or hash symbol, #, has long been used in information technology to highlight specific pieces of text. In 1970, the number sign was used to denote immediate address mode in the assembly language of the PDP-11[12] when placed next to a symbol or a number, and around 1973,'#' was introduced in the C programming language to indicate special keywords that the C preprocessor had to process first.[13] The pound sign was adopted for use within IRC (Internet Relay Chat) networks around 1988 to label groups and topics.[14] Channels or topics that are available across an entire IRC network are prefixed with a hash symbol # (as opposed to those local to a server, which uses an ampersand '&').[15]

The use of the pound sign in IRC inspired[16] Chris Messina to propose a similar system on Twitter to tag topics of interest on the microblogging network.[17] He posted the first hashtag on Twitter:

How do you feel about using # (pound) for groups. As in #barcamp [msg]?

— Chris Messina, ("factoryjoe"), August 23, 2007[3]

According to Messina, he suggested use of the hashtag to make it easy for lay users without specialized knowledge of search protocols to find specific relevant content. Therefore, the hashtag "was created organically by Twitter users as a way to categorize messages".[18]

The first published use of the term "hash tag" was in a blog post "Hash Tags = Twitter Groupings" by Stowe Boyd,[19] on August 26, 2007, according to lexicographer Ben Zimmer, chair of the American Dialect Society's New Words Committee.

 
A sign with a #TimeToAct hashtag at a 2014 conference

Messina's suggestion to use the hashtag was not immediately adopted by Twitter, but the convention gained popular acceptance when hashtags were used in tweets relating to the 2007 San Diego forest fires in Southern California.[20][21] The hashtag gained international acceptance during the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests; Twitter users used both English- and Persian-language hashtags in communications during the events.[22]

Hashtags have since played critical roles in recent social movements such as #jesuischarlie, #BLM,[23] and #MeToo.[24][25]

Beginning July 2, 2009,[26] Twitter began to hyperlink all hashtags in tweets to Twitter search results for the hashtagged word (and for the standard spelling of commonly misspelled words). In 2010, Twitter introduced "Trending Topics" on the Twitter front page, displaying hashtags that are rapidly becoming popular, and the significance of trending hashtags has become so great that the company makes significant efforts to foil attempts to spam the trending list.[27] During the 2010 World Cup, Twitter explicitly encouraged the use of hashtags with the temporary deployment of "hashflags", which replaced hashtags of three-letter country codes with their respective national flags.[28]

Other platforms such as YouTube and Gawker Media followed in officially supporting hashtags,[29] and real-time search aggregators such as Google Real-Time Search began supporting hashtags.

Format

A hashtag must begin with a hash (#) character followed by other characters, and is terminated by a space or end of the message. Some platforms may require the # to be preceded with a space. Most or all platforms that support hashtags permit the inclusion of letters (without diacritics), numerals, and underscores.[2] Other characters may be supported on a platform-by-platform basis. Some characters, such as & are generally not supported as they may already serve other search functions.[30] Hashtags are not case sensitive (a search for "#hashtag" will match "#HashTag" as well), but the use of embedded capitals (i.e., CamelCase) increases legibility and improves accessibility.

Languages that do not use word dividers handle hashtags differently. In China, microblogs Sina Weibo and Tencent Weibo use a double-hashtag-delimited #HashName# format, since the lack of spacing between Chinese characters necessitates a closing tag. Twitter uses a different syntax for Chinese characters and orthographies with similar spacing conventions: the hashtag contains unspaced characters, separated from preceding and following text by spaces (e.g., '我 #爱 你' instead of '我#爱你')[31] or by zero-width non-joiner characters before and after the hashtagged element, to retain a linguistically natural appearance (displaying as unspaced '我‌#爱‌你', but with invisible non-joiners delimiting the hashtag).[32]

Etiquette and regulation

Some communities may limit, officially or unofficially, the number of hashtags permitted on a single post.[33]

Misuse of hashtags can lead to account suspensions. Twitter warns that adding hashtags to unrelated tweets, or repeated use of the same hashtag without adding to a conversation can filter an account from search results, or suspend the account.[34]

Individual platforms may deactivate certain hashtags either for being too generic to be useful, such as #photography on Instagram, or due to their use to facilitate illegal activities.[35][36]

Alternate formats

In 2009, StockTwits began using ticker symbols preceded by the dollar sign (e.g., $XRX).[37][38] In July 2012, Twitter began supporting the tag convention and dubbed it the "cashtag".[39][40] The convention has extended to national currencies, and Cash App has implemented the cashtag to mark usernames.

Function

 
Search bar in the header of a social networking site, searching for most recent posts containing the hashtag #science

Hashtags are particularly useful in unmoderated forums that lack a formal ontological organization. Hashtags help users find content similar interest. Hashtags are neither registered nor controlled by any one user or group of users. They do not contain any set definitions, meaning that a single hashtag can be used for any number of purposes, and that the accepted meaning of a hashtag can change with time.

Hashtags intended for discussion of a particular event tend to use an obscure wording to avoid being caught up with generic conversations on similar subjects, such as a cake festival using #cakefestival rather than simply #cake. However, this can also make it difficult for topics to become "trending topics" because people often use different spelling or words to refer to the same topic. For topics to trend, there must be a consensus, whether silent or stated, that the hashtag refers to that specific topic.

Hashtags may be used informally to express context around a given message, with no intent to categorize the message for later searching, sharing, or other reasons. Hashtags may thus serve as a reflexive meta-commentary.[41]

This can help express contextual cues or offer more depth to the information or message that appears with the hashtag. "My arms are getting darker by the minute. #toomuchfaketan". Another function of the hashtag can be used to express personal feelings and emotions. For example, with "It's Monday!! #excited #sarcasm" in which the adjectives are directly indicating the emotions of the speaker.[42]

Verbal use of the word hashtag is sometimes used in informal conversations.[43] Use may be humorous, such as "I'm hashtag confused!"[42] By August 2012, use of a hand gesture, sometimes called the "finger hashtag", in which the index and middle finger both hands are extended and arranged perpendicularly to form the hash, was documented.[44][45]

Co-optation by other industries

Companies, businesses, and advocacy organizations have taken advantage of hashtag-based discussions for promotion of their products, services or campaigns.

In the early 2010s, some television broadcasters began to employ hashtags related to programs in digital on-screen graphics, to encourage viewers to participate in a backchannel of discussion via social media prior to, during, or after the program.[46] Television commercials have sometimes contained hashtags for similar purposes.[47]

The increased usage of hashtags as brand promotion devices has been compared to the promotion of branded "keywords" by AOL in the late 1990s and early 2000s, as such keywords were also promoted at the end of television commercials and series episodes.[48]

Organized real-world events have used hashtags and ad hoc lists for discussion and promotion among participants. Hashtags are used as beacons by event participants to find each other, both on Twitter and, in many cases, during actual physical events.

Since the 2012–13 season, the NBA has allowed fans to vote players in as All-Star Game starters on Twitter and Facebook using #NBAVOTE.[49]

Hashtag-centered biomedical Twitter campaigns have shown to increase the reach, promotion, and visibility of healthcare-related open innovation platforms.[50]

Non-commercial use

 
Stencil graffiti promoting the hashtag #OccupyForRights

Political protests and campaigns in the early 2010s, such as #OccupyWallStreet and #LibyaFeb17, have been organized around hashtags or have made extensive usage of hashtags for the promotion of discussion. Hashtags have also been used to promote official events; the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially titled the 2018 Russia–United States summit as the "#HELSINKI2018 Meeting".[51]

Hashtags have been used to gather customer criticism of large companies. In January 2012, McDonald's created the #McDStories hashtag so that customers could share positive experiences about the restaurant chain, but the marketing effort was cancelled after two hours when critical tweets outnumbered praising ones.[52]

Hashtags have also been initiated by individuals to show support and criticism for political leaders during times of controversy. In August 2021, Joe Biden was criticised for the way the nation dealt with the collapse of Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul to the Taliban. As a result, the hashtag #WhereIsBiden began trending on Twitter. On the other hand, those standing in solidarity with the president tweeted #IStandWithBiden which started trending with almost 50,000 tweets.[53]

 
The rise of hashtag activism

In 2017, the #MeToo hashtag became viral in response to the sexual harassment accusations against Harvey Weinstein. The use of this hashtag can be considered part of hashtag activism, spreading awareness across eighty-five different countries with more than seventeen million Tweets using the hashtag #MeToo. This hashtag was not only used to spread awareness of accusations regarding Harvey Weinstein but allowed different women to share their experiences of sexual violence. Using this hashtag birthed multiple different hashtags in connection to #MeToo to encourage more women to share their stories, resulting in further spread of the phenomenon of hashtag activism. The use of hashtags, especially, in this case, allowed for better and easier access to search for content related to this social media movement.[54]

Sentiment analysis

The use of hashtags also reveals what feelings or sentiment an author attaches to a statement. This can range from the obvious, where a hashtag directly describes the state of mind, to the less obvious. For example, words in hashtags are the strongest predictor of whether or not a statement is sarcastic[55]—a difficult AI problem.[56]

Professional development and education

Hashtags play an important role for employees and students in professional fields and education. In industry, individuals' engagement with a hashtags can provide opportunities for them develop and gain some professional knowledge in their fields.[57]

In education, research on language teachers who engaged in the #MFLtwitterati hashtag demonstrates the uses of hashtags for creating community and sharing teaching resources. The majority of participants reported positive impact on their teaching strategies as inspired by many ideas shared by different individuals in the Hashtag. [58]

Emerging research in communication and learning demonstrates how hashtag practices influence the teaching and development of students. An analysis of eight studies examined the use of hashtags in K–12 classrooms and found significant results. These results indicated that hashtags assisted students in voicing their opinions. In addition, hashtags also helped students understand self-organisation and the concept of space beyond place.[clarification needed][59] Related research demonstrated how high school students engagement with hashtag communication practices allowed them to develop story telling skills and cultural awareness. [60]

For young people at risk of poverty and social exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic, Instagram hashtags were shown in a 2022 article to foster scientific education and promote remote learning.[61]

In popular culture

 
Two young men displaying the hashtag hand gesture

During the April 2011 Canadian party leader debate, Jack Layton, then-leader of the New Democratic Party, referred to Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper's crime policies as "a [sic] hashtag fail" (presumably #fail).[62][63]

In 2010 Kanye West used the term "hashtag rap" to describe a style of rapping that, according to Rizoh of the Houston Press, uses "a metaphor, a pause, and a one-word punch line, often placed at the end of a rhyme".[64][65] Rappers Nicki Minaj, Big Sean, Drake, and Lil Wayne are credited with the popularization of hashtag rap, while the style has been criticized by Ludacris, The Lonely Island,[66] and various music writers.[67]

On September 13, 2013, a hashtag, #TwitterIPO, appeared in the headline of a New York Times front-page article regarding Twitter's initial public offering.[68][69]

In 2014 Bird's Eye foods released "Mashtags", a mashed potato product with pieces shaped either like @ or #.[70]

In 2019, the British Ornithological Union included as hash character in the design of its new Janet Kear Union Medal, to represent "science communication and social media".[71]

See also

References

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  49. ^ "NBA and Sprint tip off NBA All-Star Balloting 2014". NBA.com. November 15, 2013.
  50. ^ Kletecka-Pulker, Maria; et al. (January 1, 2021). "Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign: #DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine". Current Research in Biotechnology. 3: 146–153. doi:10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.04.004. ISSN 2590-2628.
  51. ^ "#HELSINKI2018 - Ministry for Foreign Affairs". um.fi. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
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  53. ^ Suciu, Peter. "Dueling Biden Hashtags Have Been Trending: #IStandWithBiden Vs. #BidenDisaster". Forbes. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  54. ^ Lindgren, Simon (July 29, 2019). "Movement Mobilization in the Age of Hashtag Activism: Examining the Challenge of Noise, Hate, and Disengagement in the #MeToo Campaign". Policy & Internet. 11 (4): 418–438. doi:10.1002/poi3.212. ISSN 1944-2866. S2CID 201423139.
  55. ^ Maynard (2014). "Who cares about sarcastic tweets? Investigating the impact of sarcasm on sentiment analysis". Proceedings of the Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.
  56. ^ "Power yourself with viral marketing - become a HashTag Genius". huffingtonpost.com. August 25, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  57. ^ Veletsianos, George (2017). "Three Cases of Hashtags Used as Learning and Professional Development Environments" (PDF). TechTrends. 61 (3): 284–292. doi:10.1007/s11528-016-0143-3. S2CID 64476519.
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  62. ^ Anna Mehler Paperny (April 13, 2011). "Jack Layton's debatable 'hashtag' #fail". The Globe and Mail.
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  66. ^ David Mendez (May 22, 2013). "The Lonely Island Puts Hashtag Rap In Its Place (Looking at You, Drake)". Tucson Weekly.
  67. ^ Jeremiah Tucker (December 17, 2010). "Jeremiah Tucker: Hashtag rap is 2010's lamest trend". Joplin Globe.
  68. ^ Goel, Vindu; Bilton, Nick; Gelles, David (September 12, 2013). "A Short Post, a Big Splash: #TwitterIPO". The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
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  70. ^ "Birds Eye launches Mashtags – social media potato shapes". The Grocer.
  71. ^ @IBIS_journal (May 29, 2019). "Our new medal has been designed by our own @stevedudley_ who has a background in design. It [...] uses icons of birds and other #ornithology-related items including people and tech" (Tweet) – via Twitter. [see attached image for explanation of the hash character]

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hashtags.
  • Wikipedia internal hashtag search engine – for hashtags used in edit summaries
  • Veszelszki, Ágnes 2016: #time, #truth, #tradition. An Image-text Relationship on Instagram: photo and hashtag. In: Benedek, András; Veszelszki, Ágnes (eds.): In the Beginning was the Image: The Omnipresence of Pictures: Time, Truth, Tradition. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, pp. 139–150.
  • Infografika Hluboká Historie hashtagu
  • Infografika Historie hashtagu
  • Growing hashtags: Expanding outreach on Wikipedia
  • Wikimedia hashtag search

January 22, 2023
hashtag, group, hashtag, group, hashtag, metadata, that, prefaced, hash, also, known, pound, octothorpe, sign, social, media, hashtags, used, microblogging, photo, sharing, services, such, twitter, tumblr, form, user, generated, tagging, that, enables, cross, . For the group see HashTag group A hashtag is a metadata tag that is prefaced by the hash also known as pound or octothorpe sign On social media hashtags are used on microblogging and photo sharing services such as Twitter or Tumblr as a form of user generated tagging that enables cross referencing of content by topic or theme 1 For example a search within Facebook or Instagram for the hashtag bluesky returns all posts that have been tagged with that term After the initial hash symbol a hashtag may include letters numerals or underscores 2 An example of a hashtag The use of hashtags was first proposed by American blogger and product consultant Chris Messina in a 2007 tweet 3 4 Messina made no attempt to patent the use because he felt that they were born of the internet and owned by no one 5 6 Hashtags became entrenched in the culture of Twitter 7 and soon emerged across Instagram Facebook and YouTube 8 9 In June 2014 a hashtag was added to the Oxford English Dictionary as a word or phrase with the symbol in front of it used on social media websites and apps so that you can search for all messages with the same subject 10 11 Contents 1 Origin and acceptance 2 Format 2 1 Etiquette and regulation 2 2 Alternate formats 3 Function 3 1 Co optation by other industries 3 2 Non commercial use 3 2 1 Sentiment analysis 3 3 Professional development and education 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksOrigin and acceptance Edit Chris Messina the inventor of the hashtag The number sign or hash symbol has long been used in information technology to highlight specific pieces of text In 1970 the number sign was used to denote immediate address mode in the assembly language of the PDP 11 12 when placed next to a symbol or a number and around 1973 was introduced in the C programming language to indicate special keywords that the C preprocessor had to process first 13 The pound sign was adopted for use within IRC Internet Relay Chat networks around 1988 to label groups and topics 14 Channels or topics that are available across an entire IRC network are prefixed with a hash symbol as opposed to those local to a server which uses an ampersand amp 15 The use of the pound sign in IRC inspired 16 Chris Messina to propose a similar system on Twitter to tag topics of interest on the microblogging network 17 He posted the first hashtag on Twitter How do you feel about using pound for groups As in barcamp msg Chris Messina factoryjoe August 23 2007 3 According to Messina he suggested use of the hashtag to make it easy for lay users without specialized knowledge of search protocols to find specific relevant content Therefore the hashtag was created organically by Twitter users as a way to categorize messages 18 The first published use of the term hash tag was in a blog post Hash Tags Twitter Groupings by Stowe Boyd 19 on August 26 2007 according to lexicographer Ben Zimmer chair of the American Dialect Society s New Words Committee A sign with a TimeToAct hashtag at a 2014 conference Messina s suggestion to use the hashtag was not immediately adopted by Twitter but the convention gained popular acceptance when hashtags were used in tweets relating to the 2007 San Diego forest fires in Southern California 20 21 The hashtag gained international acceptance during the 2009 2010 Iranian election protests Twitter users used both English and Persian language hashtags in communications during the events 22 Hashtags have since played critical roles in recent social movements such as jesuischarlie BLM 23 and MeToo 24 25 Beginning July 2 2009 26 Twitter began to hyperlink all hashtags in tweets to Twitter search results for the hashtagged word and for the standard spelling of commonly misspelled words In 2010 Twitter introduced Trending Topics on the Twitter front page displaying hashtags that are rapidly becoming popular and the significance of trending hashtags has become so great that the company makes significant efforts to foil attempts to spam the trending list 27 During the 2010 World Cup Twitter explicitly encouraged the use of hashtags with the temporary deployment of hashflags which replaced hashtags of three letter country codes with their respective national flags 28 Other platforms such as YouTube and Gawker Media followed in officially supporting hashtags 29 and real time search aggregators such as Google Real Time Search began supporting hashtags Format EditA hashtag must begin with a hash character followed by other characters and is terminated by a space or end of the message Some platforms may require the to be preceded with a space Most or all platforms that support hashtags permit the inclusion of letters without diacritics numerals and underscores 2 Other characters may be supported on a platform by platform basis Some characters such as amp are generally not supported as they may already serve other search functions 30 Hashtags are not case sensitive a search for hashtag will match HashTag as well but the use of embedded capitals i e CamelCase increases legibility and improves accessibility Languages that do not use word dividers handle hashtags differently In China microblogs Sina Weibo and Tencent Weibo use a double hashtag delimited HashName format since the lack of spacing between Chinese characters necessitates a closing tag Twitter uses a different syntax for Chinese characters and orthographies with similar spacing conventions the hashtag contains unspaced characters separated from preceding and following text by spaces e g 我 爱 你 instead of 我 爱你 31 or by zero width non joiner characters before and after the hashtagged element to retain a linguistically natural appearance displaying as unspaced 我 爱 你 but with invisible non joiners delimiting the hashtag 32 Etiquette and regulation Edit Some communities may limit officially or unofficially the number of hashtags permitted on a single post 33 Misuse of hashtags can lead to account suspensions Twitter warns that adding hashtags to unrelated tweets or repeated use of the same hashtag without adding to a conversation can filter an account from search results or suspend the account 34 Individual platforms may deactivate certain hashtags either for being too generic to be useful such as photography on Instagram or due to their use to facilitate illegal activities 35 36 Alternate formats Edit In 2009 StockTwits began using ticker symbols preceded by the dollar sign e g XRX 37 38 In July 2012 Twitter began supporting the tag convention and dubbed it the cashtag 39 40 The convention has extended to national currencies and Cash App has implemented the cashtag to mark usernames Function Edit Search bar in the header of a social networking site searching for most recent posts containing the hashtag science Hashtags are particularly useful in unmoderated forums that lack a formal ontological organization Hashtags help users find content similar interest Hashtags are neither registered nor controlled by any one user or group of users They do not contain any set definitions meaning that a single hashtag can be used for any number of purposes and that the accepted meaning of a hashtag can change with time Hashtags intended for discussion of a particular event tend to use an obscure wording to avoid being caught up with generic conversations on similar subjects such as a cake festival using cakefestival rather than simply cake However this can also make it difficult for topics to become trending topics because people often use different spelling or words to refer to the same topic For topics to trend there must be a consensus whether silent or stated that the hashtag refers to that specific topic Hashtags may be used informally to express context around a given message with no intent to categorize the message for later searching sharing or other reasons Hashtags may thus serve as a reflexive meta commentary 41 This can help express contextual cues or offer more depth to the information or message that appears with the hashtag My arms are getting darker by the minute toomuchfaketan Another function of the hashtag can be used to express personal feelings and emotions For example with It s Monday excited sarcasm in which the adjectives are directly indicating the emotions of the speaker 42 Verbal use of the word hashtag is sometimes used in informal conversations 43 Use may be humorous such as I m hashtag confused 42 By August 2012 use of a hand gesture sometimes called the finger hashtag in which the index and middle finger both hands are extended and arranged perpendicularly to form the hash was documented 44 45 Co optation by other industries Edit Companies businesses and advocacy organizations have taken advantage of hashtag based discussions for promotion of their products services or campaigns In the early 2010s some television broadcasters began to employ hashtags related to programs in digital on screen graphics to encourage viewers to participate in a backchannel of discussion via social media prior to during or after the program 46 Television commercials have sometimes contained hashtags for similar purposes 47 The increased usage of hashtags as brand promotion devices has been compared to the promotion of branded keywords by AOL in the late 1990s and early 2000s as such keywords were also promoted at the end of television commercials and series episodes 48 Organized real world events have used hashtags and ad hoc lists for discussion and promotion among participants Hashtags are used as beacons by event participants to find each other both on Twitter and in many cases during actual physical events Since the 2012 13 season the NBA has allowed fans to vote players in as All Star Game starters on Twitter and Facebook using NBAVOTE 49 Hashtag centered biomedical Twitter campaigns have shown to increase the reach promotion and visibility of healthcare related open innovation platforms 50 Non commercial use Edit Stencil graffiti promoting the hashtag OccupyForRights Political protests and campaigns in the early 2010s such as OccupyWallStreet and LibyaFeb17 have been organized around hashtags or have made extensive usage of hashtags for the promotion of discussion Hashtags have also been used to promote official events the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially titled the 2018 Russia United States summit as the HELSINKI2018 Meeting 51 Hashtags have been used to gather customer criticism of large companies In January 2012 McDonald s created the McDStories hashtag so that customers could share positive experiences about the restaurant chain but the marketing effort was cancelled after two hours when critical tweets outnumbered praising ones 52 Hashtags have also been initiated by individuals to show support and criticism for political leaders during times of controversy In August 2021 Joe Biden was criticised for the way the nation dealt with the collapse of Afghanistan s capital city of Kabul to the Taliban As a result the hashtag WhereIsBiden began trending on Twitter On the other hand those standing in solidarity with the president tweeted IStandWithBiden which started trending with almost 50 000 tweets 53 The rise of hashtag activism In 2017 the MeToo hashtag became viral in response to the sexual harassment accusations against Harvey Weinstein The use of this hashtag can be considered part of hashtag activism spreading awareness across eighty five different countries with more than seventeen million Tweets using the hashtag MeToo This hashtag was not only used to spread awareness of accusations regarding Harvey Weinstein but allowed different women to share their experiences of sexual violence Using this hashtag birthed multiple different hashtags in connection to MeToo to encourage more women to share their stories resulting in further spread of the phenomenon of hashtag activism The use of hashtags especially in this case allowed for better and easier access to search for content related to this social media movement 54 Sentiment analysis Edit The use of hashtags also reveals what feelings or sentiment an author attaches to a statement This can range from the obvious where a hashtag directly describes the state of mind to the less obvious For example words in hashtags are the strongest predictor of whether or not a statement is sarcastic 55 a difficult AI problem 56 Professional development and education Edit Hashtags play an important role for employees and students in professional fields and education In industry individuals engagement with a hashtags can provide opportunities for them develop and gain some professional knowledge in their fields 57 In education research on language teachers who engaged in the MFLtwitterati hashtag demonstrates the uses of hashtags for creating community and sharing teaching resources The majority of participants reported positive impact on their teaching strategies as inspired by many ideas shared by different individuals in the Hashtag 58 Emerging research in communication and learning demonstrates how hashtag practices influence the teaching and development of students An analysis of eight studies examined the use of hashtags in K 12 classrooms and found significant results These results indicated that hashtags assisted students in voicing their opinions In addition hashtags also helped students understand self organisation and the concept of space beyond place clarification needed 59 Related research demonstrated how high school students engagement with hashtag communication practices allowed them to develop story telling skills and cultural awareness 60 For young people at risk of poverty and social exclusion during the COVID 19 pandemic Instagram hashtags were shown in a 2022 article to foster scientific education and promote remote learning 61 In popular culture Edit Two young men displaying the hashtag hand gesture During the April 2011 Canadian party leader debate Jack Layton then leader of the New Democratic Party referred to Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper s crime policies as a sic hashtag fail presumably fail 62 63 In 2010 Kanye West used the term hashtag rap to describe a style of rapping that according to Rizoh of the Houston Press uses a metaphor a pause and a one word punch line often placed at the end of a rhyme 64 65 Rappers Nicki Minaj Big Sean Drake and Lil Wayne are credited with the popularization of hashtag rap while the style has been criticized by Ludacris The Lonely Island 66 and various music writers 67 On September 13 2013 a hashtag TwitterIPO appeared in the headline of a New York Times front page article regarding Twitter s initial public offering 68 69 In 2014 Bird s Eye foods released Mashtags a mashed potato product with pieces shaped either like or 70 In 2019 the British Ornithological Union included as hash character in the design of its new Janet Kear Union Medal to represent science communication and social media 71 See also EditURI fragment Tagging Mentioning a user s profile by using tagging in blogging Webring an early web decentralized mechanism to link websites with a common theme Folksonomy Social bookmarking Models of collaborative tagging Web 2 0References Edit Chang Hsia Ching Iyer Hemalata 2012 Trends in Twitter Hashtag Applications Design Features for Value Added Dimensions to Future Library Catalogues Library Trends 61 1 248 258 doi 10 1353 lib 2012 0024 ISSN 1559 0682 S2CID 34506239 a b What Characters Can A Hashtag Include hashtags org Retrieved September 21 2017 a b Messina Chris factoryjoe August 23 2007 how do you feel about using pound for groups As in barcamp msg Tweet via Twitter Parker Ashley June 10 2011 Twitter s Secret Handshake The New York Times Retrieved July 26 2011 Chris Messina s answer to Why didn t the creator of the hashtag patent the concept Quora Retrieved November 10 2018 The Inventor of the Twitter Hashtag Explains Why He Didn t Patent It Business Insider Retrieved March 19 2016 Panko Ben A Decade Ago the Hashtag Reshaped the Internet Smithsonian Retrieved November 10 2018 Christina Warren June 12 2013 Facebook finally gets hashtags CNN Mashable Retrieved May 16 2016 Zachary M Seward October 15 2009 Got a tip Gawker Media opens tag pages to masses expecting chaos Nieman Journalism Lab Hashtag added to the OED but isn t a hash pound nor number sign The Register June 13 2014 New words notes June 2014 Oxford English Dictionary June 2014 Archived from the original on October 7 2014 PDP 11 assembly language Programmer209 wordpress com August 3 2011 Retrieved August 25 2014 B W Kernighan D Ritchie 1978 The C Programming Language Prentice Hall pp 86 207 ISBN 978 0 13 110163 0 Channel Scope Section 2 2 RFC 2811 Oikarinen Jarkko Reed Darren 1993 Channels Internet Relay Chat Protocol IETF sec 1 3 doi 10 17487 RFC1459 RFC 1459 Retrieved June 3 2014 OriginStory Carnegie Mellon University August 29 2014 Parker Ashley June 10 2011 Twitter s Secret Handshake The New York Times Retrieved July 26 2011 Scott Kate May 1 2015 The pragmatics of hashtags Inference and conversational style on Twitter PDF Journal of Pragmatics 81 8 20 doi 10 1016 j pragma 2015 03 015 Stowe Boyd Hash Tags Twitter Groupings Stoweboyd com Retrieved September 19 2013 What is hashtag Archived April 25 2016 at the Wayback Machine Mashable 8 October 2013 Twitter hashtags for emergency coordination and disaster relief Factory Joe October 23 2007 Retrieved September 16 2017 The story of the hashtag began with Iranians Deutsche Welle Persian 2009 Retrieved March 12 2015 Vincent James June 2 2020 Blackout Tuesday posts are drowning out vital information shared under the BLM hashtag The Verge MeToo and more five hashtags for equality DW com October 15 2019 Retrieved September 3 2020 Brown Dalvin 19 million tweets later A look at MeToo a year after the hashtag went viral USA TODAY Retrieved September 3 2020 Twitter Makes Hashtags More Useful July 2 2009 Retrieved December 27 2015 The Secret of Twitter s Trending Hashtags With Insight and Tips AllISayIs com Archived from the original on May 5 2015 Retrieved December 3 2014 Twitter Supports World Cup Fever with Hashflags Ryanseacrest com June 11 2010 Archived from the original on November 29 2010 Retrieved August 5 2015 Zachary M Seward October 15 2009 Got a tip Gawker Media opens tag pages to masses expecting chaos Nieman Journalism Lab Terence Eden February 25 2010 Hashtag Standards Terence Eden s Blog Retrieved September 21 2017 Martin Rick July 13 2011 Twitter Rolls Out Hashtag Support for Japanese Korean Chinese and Russian Tech in Asia Retrieved March 5 2015 International services team April 5 2012 Right to left languages on Twitter Twitter Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 5 2015 What is a Hashtag Hashtags org June 24 2012 Retrieved February 22 2014 The Twitter Rules Twitter Inc Retrieved September 22 2017 if you post multiple unrelated updates to a topic using Instagram banned hashtags BBC co uk November 7 2013 Retrieved November 25 2013 Olszanowski M 2014 Feminist Self Imaging and Instagram Tactics of Circumventing Sensorship Visual Communication Quarterly 21 1 83 95 doi 10 1080 15551393 2014 928154 S2CID 145667227 Retrieved February 8 2015 Wong Matthew August 17 2012 VCs and tart Ups Pin Their Hopes on Pinterest The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 28 2013 Taylor Colleen July 1 2012 Howard Lindzon on Why He Sold His Twitter Stock And The Hijack Of StockTwits Cashtags TCTV TechCrunch Retrieved May 9 2013 Kim Erin July 31 2012 Twitter unveils cashtags to track stock symbols Jul 31 2012 Money cnn com Retrieved November 12 2013 Twitter makes stock symbol cashtag links official following and The Verge July 30 2012 Retrieved November 12 2013 Wikstrom Peter 2014 srynotfunny Communicative Functions of Hashtags on Twitter PDF SKY Journal of Linguistics Retrieved May 15 2016 a b Caleffi Paola Maria The hashtag A new word or a new rule PDF Skase Journal of Theoretical Linguistics hashtag noun definition and synonyms Macmillan Dictionary Retrieved September 16 2017 Tom Meltzer August 1 2012 How to say hashtag with your fingers The Guardian Retrieved March 20 2014 Nimrod Kamer March 2013 Finger Hashtags Wired Retrieved March 20 2014 Michael Schneider April 21 2011 New to Your TV Screen Twitter Hashtags TV Guide Todd Wasserman December 3 2012 McDonald s Releases First TV Ad With Twitter Hashtag Mashable Ryan Lawler June 10 2012 Twitter s Hashtag Pages Could Be The New AOL Keywords But Better Techcrunch NBA and Sprint tip off NBA All Star Balloting 2014 NBA com November 15 2013 Kletecka Pulker Maria et al January 1 2021 Impacts of biomedical hashtag based Twitter campaign DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health patient safety and personalized medicine Current Research in Biotechnology 3 146 153 doi 10 1016 j crbiot 2021 04 004 ISSN 2590 2628 HELSINKI2018 Ministry for Foreign Affairs um fi Retrieved July 11 2018 Akwagyiram Alexis May 17 2012 Are Twitter and Facebook changing the way we complain BBC News Retrieved June 12 2012 Suciu Peter Dueling Biden Hashtags Have Been Trending IStandWithBiden Vs BidenDisaster Forbes Retrieved August 25 2021 Lindgren Simon July 29 2019 Movement Mobilization in the Age of Hashtag Activism Examining the Challenge of Noise Hate and Disengagement in the MeToo Campaign Policy amp Internet 11 4 418 438 doi 10 1002 poi3 212 ISSN 1944 2866 S2CID 201423139 Maynard 2014 Who cares about sarcastic tweets Investigating the impact of sarcasm on sentiment analysis Proceedings of the Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation Power yourself with viral marketing become a HashTag Genius huffingtonpost com August 25 2016 Retrieved September 16 2017 Veletsianos George 2017 Three Cases of Hashtags Used as Learning and Professional Development Environments PDF TechTrends 61 3 284 292 doi 10 1007 s11528 016 0143 3 S2CID 64476519 Rosell Aguilar Fernando 2018 Twitter A Professional Development and Community of Practice Tool for Teachers PDF Journal of Interactive Media in Education 6 Ellen Watson 2020 Education The Potential Impact of Social Media and Hashtag Ideology on the Classroom Research in Social Sciences and Technology Research in Social Sciences and Technology 5 40 56 doi 10 46303 ressat 05 02 3 Gleason Benjamin 2018 Thinking in hashtags exploring teenagers new literacies practices on Twitter Learning Media and Technology 43 2 165 180 doi 10 1080 17439884 2018 1462207 S2CID 64826675 Puigvert Lidia Villarejo Carballido Beatriz Gairal Casado Regina Gomez Aitor Canaveras Paula Marti Teresa Sorde February 10 2022 An Instagram Hashtag Fostering Science Education of Vulnerable Groups during the Pandemic International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 4 1974 doi 10 3390 ijerph19041974 ISSN 1660 4601 PMC 8872541 PMID 35206162 Anna Mehler Paperny April 13 2011 Jack Layton s debatable hashtag fail The Globe and Mail Canadians atwitter throughout debate CBC News April 13 2011 Zach Baron November 3 2010 The Ten Best Quotes From Kanye West s Epic Hot 97 Interview With Funkmaster Flex The Village Voice Archived from the original on July 22 2013 Retrieved July 22 2013 Rizoh July 7 2011 A Brief History Of Hashtag Rap Houston Press Archived from the original on June 26 2012 Retrieved July 22 2013 David Mendez May 22 2013 The Lonely Island Puts Hashtag Rap In Its Place Looking at You Drake Tucson Weekly Jeremiah Tucker December 17 2010 Jeremiah Tucker Hashtag rap is 2010 s lamest trend Joplin Globe Goel Vindu Bilton Nick Gelles David September 12 2013 A Short Post a Big Splash TwitterIPO The New York Times Retrieved January 19 2019 Bilton Nick nickbilton September 14 2013 My first byline on A1 of the Tweet Retrieved September 14 2013 via Twitter dead link Birds Eye launches Mashtags social media potato shapes The Grocer IBIS journal May 29 2019 Our new medal has been designed by our own stevedudley who has a background in design It uses icons of birds and other ornithology related items including people and tech Tweet via Twitter see attached image for explanation of the hash character External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hashtags Wikipedia internal hashtag search engine for hashtags used in edit summaries Veszelszki Agnes 2016 time truth tradition An Image text Relationship on Instagram photo and hashtag In Benedek Andras Veszelszki Agnes eds In the Beginning was the Image The Omnipresence of Pictures Time Truth Tradition Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften pp 139 150 Infografika Hluboka Historie hashtagu Infografika Historie hashtagu Growing hashtags Expanding outreach on Wikipedia Wikimedia hashtag search Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hashtag amp oldid 1133295693, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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