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Cox's Bazar

Cox's Bazar (/ˌkɒksɪz bəˈzɑː/; Bengali: কক্সবাজার, romanizedKôksbajar; pronounced [kɔksbadʒaɾ]) is a city, fishing port, tourism centre, and district headquarters in Southeastern Bangladesh. It is located 150 km (93 mi) south of the city of Chittagong. Cox's Bazar is also known by the name Panowa, which translates literally as "yellow flower." Another old name was "Palongkee".

Cox's Bazar
কক্সবাজার
From top: Cox's Bazar beach from mountain top,
Sunset in beach,
Beach area,
Cox's Bazar airport,
Marine drive road,
the beach
Nickname: 
City of Tourism
Cox's Bazar
Location of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh
Cox's Bazar
Cox's Bazar (Bangladesh)
Coordinates: 21°25′38″N 92°00′18″E / 21.42722°N 92.00500°E / 21.42722; 92.00500Coordinates: 21°25′38″N 92°00′18″E / 21.42722°N 92.00500°E / 21.42722; 92.00500
Country Bangladesh
DivisionChittagong Division
DistrictCox's Bazar District
Named forHiram Cox
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyMunicipality
 • MayorMujibur Rahman
Area
 • City23.4 km2 (9.0 sq mi)
Population
 (2011 Total population represents population in city and metro represents entire district.[1])
 • City223,522
 • Density9,600/km2 (25,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
265,500
Time zoneUTC+6 (BST)
Postal code
4700
AirportCox's Bazar International Airport
Websitewww.coxsbazar.gov.bd

The city covers an area of 23.4 km2 (9.0 sq mi) with 58 mahallas and 27 wards and as of 2011 had a population of 265,500.27[1] Cox's Bazar is connected by road and air with Chittagong.[2][3]

The modern Cox's Bazar derives its name from Captain Hiram Cox, an officer of the British East India Company, a Superintendent of Palongkee outpost. To commemorate his role in refugee rehabilitation work, a market was established and named after him. It is one of Bangladesh's main tourist spots. The city has the longest uninterrupted natural beach in the world.[4] Every year more than a million visitors visit the city from around the world.[5]

History

During the early 9th century, the greater Chittagong area, including Cox's Bazar, was under the rule of Arakan kings until its conquest by the Mughals in 1666.[6] When the Mughal Prince Shah Shuja was passing through the hilly terrain of the present-day Cox's Bazar on his way to Arakan, he was attracted to its scenic and captivating beauty. He commanded his forces to camp there. His retinue of one thousand palanquins stopped there for some time. A place named Dulahazara, meaning "one thousand palanquins," still exists in the area. After the Mughals, the place came under the control of the Tipras and the Arakanese, followed by the Portuguese and then the British.

The name Cox's Bazar originated from the name of a British East India Company officer, Captain Hiram Cox, who was appointed as the Superintendent of Palonki (today's Cox's Bazar) outpost. He succeeded Warren Hastings, who became the Governor of Bengal following the British East India Company Act in 1773. Cox embarked upon the task of rehabilitation and settlement for the Arakanese refugees in the area.[7] He rehabilitated many refugees in the area, but died in 1799 before finishing his work. To commemorate him, a market was established and named after him, called Cox's Bazar. Cox's Bazar was first established in 1854 and became a municipality in 1869.[6]

After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, the British East India Company was highly criticised on humanitarian grounds, especially for its opium trade monopoly over the Indian Sub-Continent. However, after its dissolution on January 1 1874, the company's assets, including its armed forces, were acquired by the British Crown. After this takeover, Cox's Bazar was declared a district of the Bengal Province under the British Crown.

20th century

 
Cox's Bazar Map from Series U542, US Army Map Service, 1955

Just after the end of British rule in 1947, Cox's Bazar became part of East Pakistan. Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim, the first post-independence chairman of Cox's Bazar Municipality, established the Tamarisk Forest along the beach. He wanted to attract tourists as well as to protect the beach from tsunamis. He donated much of his father-in-law's and his own lnds as sites for constructing a public library and a town hall. Karim was inspired to build Cox's Bazar as a tourist spot after seeithe ng beaches of Bombay and Karachi, and was a resort pioneer in developing Cox's Bazar as a destination. Karim established a maternity hospital, the stadium and the drainage system by procuring grants from the Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation through correspondence. T. H. Matthews, the principal of the Dacca Engineering College (149~1954), was a friend who had helped him in these fundraising efforts. Engineer Chandi Charan Das was the government civil engineer who worked on all these projects.

In 1959 the municipality was turned into a town committee.[6]

In 1961 the Geological Survey of Pakistan initiated investigation of radioactive minerals like monazite around the Cox's Bazar sea-beach area.[8]

In 1971, Cox's Bazar wharf was used as a naval port by the Pakistan Navy's gunboats. This and the nearby airstrip of the Pakistan Air Force were the scene of intense shelling by the Indian Navy during the Bangladesh Liberation War. During the war, Pakistani soldiers killed many people in the town, including eminent lawyer Jnanendralal Chowdhury. The killing of two freedom fighters named Farhad and Subhash at Badar Mokam is also recorded in history.[9]

After Bangladesh's independence, Cox's Bazar started to receive administrative attention. In 1972 the town committee of Cox's Bazar was once again turned into a municipality. In 1975, The Government of Bangladesh established a pilot plant at Kalatali.[8] In 1984, Cox's Bazar subdivision was promoted to a district, and five years later (in 1989) the Cox's Bazar municipality was elevated to B-grade.[6] In 1994 (jobs) the Marine Fisheries and Technology Station (MFTS) was established at Cox's Bazar. MFTS is a research station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) headquartered in Mymensingh. The station covers a land area of four hectares and contains five laboratories.[10]

21st century

In September 2012 the municipality was the site of the Cox's Bazar and Ramu riots, where local Muslims attacked the Buddhist community over an alleged Quran desecration posted to Facebook.[11]

In 2017, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar arrived in Cox's Bazar District, amounting to 725,000 in October 2018; the resulting Kutupalong refugee camp became the largest refugee camp in the world.[12]

On 14 May 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was detected among the 860,000 refugees who lived in Cox's Bazar district.[13]

In March 2021, a fire at the refugee camp left 15 dead and some 400 missing and displaced more than 45,000 mostly Rohingya refugees.[14][15]

Geography and climate

Cox's Bazar is located 150 km (93 mi) south of the divisional headquarter city of Chittagong. Cox's Bazar town has an area of 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi), and is bounded by Bakkhali River on the north and East, Bay of Bengal in the West, and Jhilwanj Union in the south.[16]

The beach in Cox's Bazar has a gentle slope and with an unbroken length of 155 km (96 mi) it is often termed the "longest natural unbroken sea beach" in the world.

Cox's Bazar lies on a coastal plain in the southeastern corner of Bangladesh. From above, the plain appears to bulge out into the Bay of Bengal. Along the shore is an extensive area of beach and dunes. Most of the city is built on a floodplain that is lower in elevation than the dunes, making it more susceptible to flooding due to cyclones and storm surges. The Cox's Bazar coastal plain was formed after the sea reached its present level around 6,500 years ago, with the area of the current floodplain originally forming a sediment sink that has since been gradually filled in by the Bakkhali river as well as smaller streams coming down from the hills.[17]

The climate of Bangladesh is mostly determined by its location in the tropical monsoon climate region: high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and generally excessive humidity, with distinct seasonal variations.[18] The climate of Cox's Bazar is mostly similar to the rest of the country, but with an even wetter southwest monsoon season due to its coastal location. The annual average temperature in Cox's Bazar is a maximum of 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) and a minimum of 22.0 °C (71.6 °F). The average annual rainfall is 3,524 mm (138.7 in).

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0)
33.9
(93.0)
36.1
(97.0)
37.2
(99.0)
35.0
(95.0)
36.1
(97.0)
33.3
(91.9)
33.3
(91.9)
34.4
(93.9)
33.9
(93.0)
33.3
(91.9)
33.7
(92.7)
37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) 26.7
(80.1)
28.5
(83.3)
30.9
(87.6)
32.1
(89.8)
32.3
(90.1)
30.7
(87.3)
30.0
(86.0)
30.2
(86.4)
30.9
(87.6)
31.6
(88.9)
30.0
(86.0)
27.5
(81.5)
30.1
(86.2)
Average low °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)
17.0
(62.6)
20.7
(69.3)
23.9
(75.0)
25.1
(77.2)
25.2
(77.4)
25.1
(77.2)
25.0
(77.0)
25.0
(77.0)
24.3
(75.7)
21.1
(70.0)
16.5
(61.7)
22.0
(71.6)
Record low °C (°F) 7.8
(46.0)
9.4
(48.9)
11.1
(52.0)
16.1
(61.0)
16.7
(62.1)
20.6
(69.1)
21.7
(71.1)
19.4
(66.9)
21.7
(71.1)
17.2
(63.0)
13.3
(55.9)
8.9
(48.0)
7.8
(46.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 4.1
(0.16)
17.0
(0.67)
34.7
(1.37)
121.8
(4.80)
286.8
(11.29)
801.9
(31.57)
924.6
(36.40)
667.1
(26.26)
330.1
(13.00)
213.6
(8.41)
109.4
(4.31)
13.0
(0.51)
3,524.1
(138.74)
Average rainy days 1 2 3 6 13 19 22 21 14 7 4 1 113
Average relative humidity (%) 72 71 75 78 80 87 89 88 86 82 77 74 80
Source 1: Bangladesh Meteorological Department[19][20][21][22][23]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)[24][25]

Educational institutions

1962: Cox's Bazar Government College is the earliest secondary and bachelor's degree offering college founded in Cox's Bazar.
1985: Cox's Bazar Law College is the first profession-based college founded in this district.
1991: Cox's Bazar Govt. Women's College is the first Secondary and bachelor's degree offering college in this district solely for women.
2006: Cox's Bazar Commerce College is the First College only for Business Studies, Humanities and Business Management.
2008: Cox's Bazar Medical College is the first medical college in this district.
2013: Cox's bazar international university is the first private university founded in this district. The motto of the university is Enlightening Tomorrow.

Other colleges in this area: Cox's Bazar DC College, Cox's Bazar City College, Ramu Degree College, Ukhiya Degree College, Moin uddin Memorial College Nheela, Teknaf Degree College, Moheskhali degree college,.[26]

High schools: Cox's Bazar Govt. High School, Cox's Bazar Govt. Girl's High School, Cox's Bazar Model High School, Bheola Manik Char High School, Ramu Cantonment English School, Ramu Khizari Govt. High School, Biam Laboratory School and College, Kishalaya Model High School, Chakaria korak biddyapith, Chakaria Govt. High School, Palong Model High School, Shilkhali High School, Pekua, Ukhiya Govt. High School, Nheela High School, Poura Preparatory High School.

Economy and development

 
Panorama of Cox's Bazar in the early morning: clouds on a blue sky, still water and forest in the distance.
Cox's Bazar Lighthouse
 
LocationCox's Bazar
Bangladesh
Coordinates21°25′53″N 91°58′42″E / 21.431389°N 91.978306°E / 21.431389; 91.978306
Tower
Foundationconcrete base
Constructionmetal skeletal tower[28]
Height7 metres (23 ft)[27]
Shapesquare prism skeletal tower with balcony and lantern[28]
Markingswhite tower, orange lantern[28]
OperatorBangladesh Department of Shipping[28]
Light
Focal height54 metres (177 ft)[27]
Range21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi)[27]
CharacteristicFl W 15s.[27]

The major economic activity in Cox's Bazar is tourism. A number of hotels, guest houses, and motels have been built in the city and coastal region, and many people are involved in the service industry.[citation needed] Oysters, snails, pearls and their ornaments are very popular with tourists and people are involved in the transportation business for tourists.[citation needed]

People are involved in fishing and collecting seafood and sea products for their livelihood.[citation needed] Cox's Bazar is one of the few major spots for aquaculture in Bangladesh.[29] Along with Khulna, it is considered a major source of revenue from foreign exchanges.[citation needed] Besides a mix of small-scale agriculture, marine and inland fishing and salt production are other industrial sources that play important roles in the national economy.[citation needed]

In April 2007, as Bangladesh was connected to the submarine cable network as a member of the SEA-ME-WE-4 Consortium, Cox's Bazar was selected as the landing station of the submarine cable.[30]

Transport

Road

 
National Highway at Cox's Bazar (N1)

The N110 is the national highway that connects the city with country's capital and largest city Dhaka as well as with many other parts of the country via N1.[31]

There are services from companies such as Green Line Paribahan, Shohag Enterprise and many others to travel to Cox's Bazar. The price range for these premium bus rides varies from Tk. 1200 to Tk. 2500 depending on the seats and the bus.[32]

Travelling by bus to Cox's Bazar from Dhaka generally takes about 9–12 hours depending on the traffic.

Airport

 
Cox's Bazar Airport Terminal

The city of Cox's Bazar is served by Cox's Bazar International Airport, located northwest of the city. It is one of Bangladesh's busiest domestic airports. The main airlines serving the airport are Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines, Novoair and Regent Airways. In November 2020, Biman Bangladesh Airlines started flights between Sylhet and Cox's Bazar, which was the first direct flight between two cities without any connecting flight from Dhaka.[33] Cox's Bazar Airport is in the process of being upgraded to an international airport in order to attract more tourists.[34][35] This will make it the fourth international airport in Bangladesh.[36]

Rail

The Cox's Bazar railway station is the main railway station of the district under construction which will provide trains on national routes operated by the state-run Bangladesh Railway. It is expected to be completed by June in 2023.[37]

Tourism

 
Cox's Bazar (Kolatoli Sea Beach) after sunset
  • Cox's Bazar Beach: The beach in Cox's Bazar is the main attraction of the town with an unbroken length of 150 km (93 mi) also termed the "longest natural unbroken sea beach" in the world. There are several 3 stars and 5 star hotels provide the exclusive beachside area with accessories for the tourist. Visitors in other hotels visit Laboni beach which is the area of the beach closest to the town. Other than the beach there are several places of interest near the town which can easily be visited from the town center.[38][39]
  • Himchari National Park :[40] Himchari is located just south of the Cox's Bazar town. It consists of lush tropical rain forest, grasslands and trees, and features a number of waterfalls, the biggest of which cascades down toward the sandy, sun-drenched beach. The National Park was established in 1980 by the Government of Bangladesh as a conservation area for research, education, and recreation. Once it was the stomping grounds of herds of Asian elephant. It is still home to a limited number of these mammals.[41]
  • Aggmeda Khyang: a large Buddhist monastery, and a place revered by around 400,000 Buddhist people of Cox's Bazar; and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The main sanctuary is posted on a series of round timber columns. It has a prayer chamber and an assembly hall along with a repository of large and small bronze Buddha images and a number of old manuscripts.
  • Ramu: about 10 km (6 mi) from Cox's Bazar,[42] is a village with a sizeable Buddhist population. The village sells handicrafts and homemade cigars. There are monasteries, khyangs and pagodas containing images of Buddha in bronze, gold and other metals with precious stones. One of the temples, on the bank of the Baghkhali river, houses relics and Burmese handicrafts, and also a large bronze statue of Buddha measuring thirteen feet high which rests on a six feet high pedestal. Weavers ply their trade in open workshops and craftsmen make handmade cigars in their pagoda like houses.
  • Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park: Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibSafari Park is the first Safari Park in Bangladesh. Dulahazara Safari Park was developed on an undulating landscape of around 2,224 acres (9.00 km2) of area at Chakaria Upazila in Cox's Bazar District. The nature of the forest is tropical evergreen and rich with Garjan, Boilam, Telsur, and Chapalish along with herbs, shrubs, and creepers. Safari Park is a declared protected area where the animals are kept in a fairly large area with natural environment and visitors can easily see the animal whenever they visit by bus, jeep or on foot. This park was established on the basis of South Asian model. This safari park is an extension of an animal sanctuary located along the Chittagong-Cox's Bazar road about 50 km (30 mi) from Cox's Bazar town. The sanctuary itself protects a large number of wild elephants which are native to the area. In the safari park, there are domesticated elephants which are available for a ride. Other animal attractions include lions, Bengal tigers, Crocodiles, Bears, Chitals and a variety of birds and monkeys.

The only aquarium in Bangladesh is in Cox's Bazar. Attractions also include parasailing, water biking, beach biking, horse riding, Cox Carnival circus show, Daria Nagar Ecopark, Cox's Bazar Development Authority, numerous architectural attractions, Shishu Parks and numerous photogenic sites. The largest safari park in the country, Bangabandhu Safari Park, is nearby. There is a forest reserve, Naf Tourism Park, which also has a cable car planned.[43]

  • Radiant Fish World: Radiant Fish World is a sea aquarium.
  • Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Marine Drive: Its the road that goes to Teknaf from Cox's Bazar. There is a sea on one side and hill on the other.[44]

In 2013, the Bangladesh Government formed the Tourist Police unit to protect local and foreign tourists better, as well as to look after the nature and wildlife in the tourist spots of Cox's Bazar.[45]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Area, Population of Cox's Bazar". citypopulation.de.
  2. ^ "Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  3. ^ কক্সবাজার জেলা [Cox's Bazar district]. coxsbazar.gov.bd (in Bengali). Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar: A paradise being lost?". BBC News. 26 December 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  5. ^ Fiddian-Green, R. G.; Silen, W. (December 1975). "Mechanisms of disposal of acid and alkali in rabbit duodenum". The American Journal of Physiology. 229 (6): 1641–1648. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.6.1641. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d Siddiqi, Mohammad Mahibbullah (2012). "Cox's Bazar District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  7. ^ Nandita Haksar (2009). Rogue Agent: How India's Military Intelligence Betrayed the Burmese Resistance. Penguin Books India. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-0-14-306489-3.
  8. ^ a b Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Beach Sand Heavy Mineral". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  9. ^ Alam, Badiul (2012). "Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  10. ^ Kabir, SM Humayun (2012). "Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  11. ^ "Bangladesh rampage over Facebook Koran image". BBC News. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  12. ^ "Cox's Bazar: The world's biggest refugee settlement". Norwegian Refugee Council. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  13. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for (15 May 2020). "Public health response in Rohingya refugee settlements on alert as first coronavirus case confirmed". UNHCR. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  14. ^ Ramy Inocencio: At least 15 killed by huge fire at Rohingya refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh 23 March 2021 www.cbsnews.com accessed 23 March 2021
  15. ^ "UN emergency fund allocates $14 million for Rohingya refugees left homeless by massive fire". UN News. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  16. ^ [Geographical Introduction - Cox's Bazar District]. coxsbazar.gov.bd (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  17. ^ Alam, M.S.; Huq, N.E.; Rashid, M.S. (1999). "Morphology and Sediments of the Cox's Bazar Coastal Plain, South-East Bangladesh". Journal of Coastal Research. 15 (4): 902–908. JSTOR 4299010.
  18. ^ Ahmed, Rafique (2012). "Climate". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  19. ^ "Monthly Maximum Temperature". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  20. ^ "Monthly Minimum Temperature". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  21. ^ "Normal Monthly Rainfall". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  22. ^ "Normal Monthly Rainy Day". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  23. ^ "Normal Monthly Humidity". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  24. ^ "Klimatafel von Koks Bazar (Cox's Bazar) / Bangladesch" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  25. ^ "41992: Cox's Bazar (Bangladesh)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  26. ^ Cox's Bazar International University
  27. ^ a b c d List of Lights, Pub. 112: Western Pacific and Indian Oceans Including the Persian Gulf and Red Sea (PDF). List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2016.
  28. ^ a b c d Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Bangladesh". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  29. ^ Reeves, Peter. . University of Edinburgh (Abstract). Archived from the original on 1 September 2005. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  30. ^ . Bangladesh Development Gateway. 2 March 2006. Archived from the original on 20 April 2006. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  31. ^ "Online Road Network".
  32. ^ "Bus Available – Green Line".
  33. ^ "Biman to launch Sylhet-Cox's Bazar flight from Nov 12". Dhaka Tribune. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  34. ^ "'Cox's Bazar Airport to be made international one'". The Daily Star. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  35. ^ "Cox's Bazar International airport to be upgraded: Minister". The Daily Star. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  36. ^ "Expansion work of Cox's Bazar International airport to start this year: Minister". The Financial Express. Dhaka. 25 March 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  37. ^ "Sujan: Tourism to improve when Dohazari-Cox's Bazar rail line completed". Dhaka Tribune. 12 September 2020.
  38. ^ Ethirajan, Anbarasan (26 December 2012). "Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar: A paradise being lost?". BBC World. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  39. ^ "Bangladesh: Tourism". The Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2003. p. 679. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
  40. ^ Bangladesh, Tour to. "Welcome to Himchari National Park". tourtobangladesh.com. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  41. ^ "Himchari National Park – A Birdwatcher's Paradise". Bangladesh.com. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  42. ^ Hossain, Mofazzal (2012). "Cox's Bazar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  43. ^ "BEZA to set up 9.5 km cable car route at Naf Tourism Park". The Independent. Dhaka. BSS. 22 March 2019.
  44. ^ "Best Things to do in Cox's Bazar". Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  45. ^ Mahmud, Tarek (31 August 2013). "Seashores to get tourist police". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

External links

bazar, other, uses, disambiguation, ɑː, bengali, কক, সব, romanized, kôksbajar, pronounced, kɔksbadʒaɾ, city, fishing, port, tourism, centre, district, headquarters, southeastern, bangladesh, located, south, city, chittagong, also, known, name, panowa, which, t. For other uses see Cox s Bazar disambiguation Cox s Bazar ˌ k ɒ k s ɪ z b e ˈ z ɑː Bengali কক সব জ র romanized Koksbajar pronounced kɔksbadʒaɾ is a city fishing port tourism centre and district headquarters in Southeastern Bangladesh It is located 150 km 93 mi south of the city of Chittagong Cox s Bazar is also known by the name Panowa which translates literally as yellow flower Another old name was Palongkee Cox s Bazar কক সব জ রCityFrom top Cox s Bazar beach from mountain top Sunset in beach Beach area Cox s Bazar airport Marine drive road the beachSealNickname City of TourismCox s BazarLocation of Cox s Bazar in BangladeshShow map of Chittagong divisionCox s BazarCox s Bazar Bangladesh Show map of BangladeshCoordinates 21 25 38 N 92 00 18 E 21 42722 N 92 00500 E 21 42722 92 00500 Coordinates 21 25 38 N 92 00 18 E 21 42722 N 92 00500 E 21 42722 92 00500Country BangladeshDivisionChittagong DivisionDistrictCox s Bazar DistrictNamed forHiram CoxGovernment TypeMayor Council BodyMunicipality MayorMujibur RahmanArea City23 4 km2 9 0 sq mi Population 2011 Total population represents population in city and metro represents entire district 1 City223 522 Density9 600 km2 25 000 sq mi Metro265 500Time zoneUTC 6 BST Postal code4700AirportCox s Bazar International AirportWebsitewww wbr coxsbazar wbr gov wbr bdThis article contains Bengali text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols The city covers an area of 23 4 km2 9 0 sq mi with 58 mahallas and 27 wards and as of 2011 had a population of 265 500 27 1 Cox s Bazar is connected by road and air with Chittagong 2 3 The modern Cox s Bazar derives its name from Captain Hiram Cox an officer of the British East India Company a Superintendent of Palongkee outpost To commemorate his role in refugee rehabilitation work a market was established and named after him It is one of Bangladesh s main tourist spots The city has the longest uninterrupted natural beach in the world 4 Every year more than a million visitors visit the city from around the world 5 Contents 1 History 1 1 20th century 1 2 21st century 2 Geography and climate 3 Educational institutions 4 Economy and development 5 Transport 5 1 Road 5 2 Airport 5 3 Rail 6 Tourism 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditDuring the early 9th century the greater Chittagong area including Cox s Bazar was under the rule of Arakan kings until its conquest by the Mughals in 1666 6 When the Mughal Prince Shah Shuja was passing through the hilly terrain of the present day Cox s Bazar on his way to Arakan he was attracted to its scenic and captivating beauty He commanded his forces to camp there His retinue of one thousand palanquins stopped there for some time A place named Dulahazara meaning one thousand palanquins still exists in the area After the Mughals the place came under the control of the Tipras and the Arakanese followed by the Portuguese and then the British The name Cox s Bazar originated from the name of a British East India Company officer Captain Hiram Cox who was appointed as the Superintendent of Palonki today s Cox s Bazar outpost He succeeded Warren Hastings who became the Governor of Bengal following the British East India Company Act in 1773 Cox embarked upon the task of rehabilitation and settlement for the Arakanese refugees in the area 7 He rehabilitated many refugees in the area but died in 1799 before finishing his work To commemorate him a market was established and named after him called Cox s Bazar Cox s Bazar was first established in 1854 and became a municipality in 1869 6 After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 the British East India Company was highly criticised on humanitarian grounds especially for its opium trade monopoly over the Indian Sub Continent However after its dissolution on January 1 1874 the company s assets including its armed forces were acquired by the British Crown After this takeover Cox s Bazar was declared a district of the Bengal Province under the British Crown 20th century Edit Cox s Bazar Map from Series U542 US Army Map Service 1955 Just after the end of British rule in 1947 Cox s Bazar became part of East Pakistan Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim the first post independence chairman of Cox s Bazar Municipality established the Tamarisk Forest along the beach He wanted to attract tourists as well as to protect the beach from tsunamis He donated much of his father in law s and his own lnds as sites for constructing a public library and a town hall Karim was inspired to build Cox s Bazar as a tourist spot after seeithe ng beaches of Bombay and Karachi and was a resort pioneer in developing Cox s Bazar as a destination Karim established a maternity hospital the stadium and the drainage system by procuring grants from the Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation through correspondence T H Matthews the principal of the Dacca Engineering College 1 49 1954 was a friend who had helped him in these fundraising efforts Engineer Chandi Charan Das was the government civil engineer who worked on all these projects In 1959 the municipality was turned into a town committee 6 In 1961 the Geological Survey of Pakistan initiated investigation of radioactive minerals like monazite around the Cox s Bazar sea beach area 8 In 1971 Cox s Bazar wharf was used as a naval port by the Pakistan Navy s gunboats This and the nearby airstrip of the Pakistan Air Force were the scene of intense shelling by the Indian Navy during the Bangladesh Liberation War During the war Pakistani soldiers killed many people in the town including eminent lawyer Jnanendralal Chowdhury The killing of two freedom fighters named Farhad and Subhash at Badar Mokam is also recorded in history 9 After Bangladesh s independence Cox s Bazar started to receive administrative attention In 1972 the town committee of Cox s Bazar was once again turned into a municipality In 1975 The Government of Bangladesh established a pilot plant at Kalatali 8 In 1984 Cox s Bazar subdivision was promoted to a district and five years later in 1989 the Cox s Bazar municipality was elevated to B grade 6 In 1994 jobs the Marine Fisheries and Technology Station MFTS was established at Cox s Bazar MFTS is a research station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute BFRI headquartered in Mymensingh The station covers a land area of four hectares and contains five laboratories 10 21st century Edit In September 2012 the municipality was the site of the Cox s Bazar and Ramu riots where local Muslims attacked the Buddhist community over an alleged Quran desecration posted to Facebook 11 In 2017 hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar arrived in Cox s Bazar District amounting to 725 000 in October 2018 the resulting Kutupalong refugee camp became the largest refugee camp in the world 12 On 14 May 2020 the first confirmed case of COVID 19 was detected among the 860 000 refugees who lived in Cox s Bazar district 13 In March 2021 a fire at the refugee camp left 15 dead and some 400 missing and displaced more than 45 000 mostly Rohingya refugees 14 15 Geography and climate EditCox s Bazar is located 150 km 93 mi south of the divisional headquarter city of Chittagong Cox s Bazar town has an area of 6 85 km2 2 64 sq mi and is bounded by Bakkhali River on the north and East Bay of Bengal in the West and Jhilwanj Union in the south 16 The beach in Cox s Bazar has a gentle slope and with an unbroken length of 155 km 96 mi it is often termed the longest natural unbroken sea beach in the world Cox s Bazar lies on a coastal plain in the southeastern corner of Bangladesh From above the plain appears to bulge out into the Bay of Bengal Along the shore is an extensive area of beach and dunes Most of the city is built on a floodplain that is lower in elevation than the dunes making it more susceptible to flooding due to cyclones and storm surges The Cox s Bazar coastal plain was formed after the sea reached its present level around 6 500 years ago with the area of the current floodplain originally forming a sediment sink that has since been gradually filled in by the Bakkhali river as well as smaller streams coming down from the hills 17 The climate of Bangladesh is mostly determined by its location in the tropical monsoon climate region high temperatures heavy rainfall and generally excessive humidity with distinct seasonal variations 18 The climate of Cox s Bazar is mostly similar to the rest of the country but with an even wetter southwest monsoon season due to its coastal location The annual average temperature in Cox s Bazar is a maximum of 30 1 C 86 2 F and a minimum of 22 0 C 71 6 F The average annual rainfall is 3 524 mm 138 7 in vteClimate data for Cox s BazarMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 32 8 91 0 33 9 93 0 36 1 97 0 37 2 99 0 35 0 95 0 36 1 97 0 33 3 91 9 33 3 91 9 34 4 93 9 33 9 93 0 33 3 91 9 33 7 92 7 37 2 99 0 Average high C F 26 7 80 1 28 5 83 3 30 9 87 6 32 1 89 8 32 3 90 1 30 7 87 3 30 0 86 0 30 2 86 4 30 9 87 6 31 6 88 9 30 0 86 0 27 5 81 5 30 1 86 2 Average low C F 15 0 59 0 17 0 62 6 20 7 69 3 23 9 75 0 25 1 77 2 25 2 77 4 25 1 77 2 25 0 77 0 25 0 77 0 24 3 75 7 21 1 70 0 16 5 61 7 22 0 71 6 Record low C F 7 8 46 0 9 4 48 9 11 1 52 0 16 1 61 0 16 7 62 1 20 6 69 1 21 7 71 1 19 4 66 9 21 7 71 1 17 2 63 0 13 3 55 9 8 9 48 0 7 8 46 0 Average rainfall mm inches 4 1 0 16 17 0 0 67 34 7 1 37 121 8 4 80 286 8 11 29 801 9 31 57 924 6 36 40 667 1 26 26 330 1 13 00 213 6 8 41 109 4 4 31 13 0 0 51 3 524 1 138 74 Average rainy days 1 2 3 6 13 19 22 21 14 7 4 1 113Average relative humidity 72 71 75 78 80 87 89 88 86 82 77 74 80Source 1 Bangladesh Meteorological Department 19 20 21 22 23 Source 2 Deutscher Wetterdienst extremes 24 25 Educational institutions Edit1962 Cox s Bazar Government College is the earliest secondary and bachelor s degree offering college founded in Cox s Bazar 1985 Cox s Bazar Law College is the first profession based college founded in this district 1991 Cox s Bazar Govt Women s College is the first Secondary and bachelor s degree offering college in this district solely for women 2006 Cox s Bazar Commerce College is the First College only for Business Studies Humanities and Business Management 2008 Cox s Bazar Medical College is the first medical college in this district 2013 Cox s bazar international university is the first private university founded in this district The motto of the university is Enlightening Tomorrow Other colleges in this area Cox s Bazar DC College Cox s Bazar City College Ramu Degree College Ukhiya Degree College Moin uddin Memorial College Nheela Teknaf Degree College Moheskhali degree college 26 High schools Cox s Bazar Govt High School Cox s Bazar Govt Girl s High School Cox s Bazar Model High School Bheola Manik Char High School Ramu Cantonment English School Ramu Khizari Govt High School Biam Laboratory School and College Kishalaya Model High School Chakaria korak biddyapith Chakaria Govt High School Palong Model High School Shilkhali High School Pekua Ukhiya Govt High School Nheela High School Poura Preparatory High School Economy and development Edit Panorama of Cox s Bazar in the early morning clouds on a blue sky still water and forest in the distance Cox s Bazar Lighthouse LocationCox s BazarBangladeshCoordinates21 25 53 N 91 58 42 E 21 431389 N 91 978306 E 21 431389 91 978306TowerFoundationconcrete baseConstructionmetal skeletal tower 28 Height7 metres 23 ft 27 Shapesquare prism skeletal tower with balcony and lantern 28 Markingswhite tower orange lantern 28 OperatorBangladesh Department of Shipping 28 LightFocal height54 metres 177 ft 27 Range21 nautical miles 39 km 24 mi 27 CharacteristicFl W 15s 27 The major economic activity in Cox s Bazar is tourism A number of hotels guest houses and motels have been built in the city and coastal region and many people are involved in the service industry citation needed Oysters snails pearls and their ornaments are very popular with tourists and people are involved in the transportation business for tourists citation needed People are involved in fishing and collecting seafood and sea products for their livelihood citation needed Cox s Bazar is one of the few major spots for aquaculture in Bangladesh 29 Along with Khulna it is considered a major source of revenue from foreign exchanges citation needed Besides a mix of small scale agriculture marine and inland fishing and salt production are other industrial sources that play important roles in the national economy citation needed In April 2007 as Bangladesh was connected to the submarine cable network as a member of the SEA ME WE 4 Consortium Cox s Bazar was selected as the landing station of the submarine cable 30 Transport Edit Submarine Cable Landing Station Road Edit National Highway at Cox s Bazar N1 The N110 is the national highway that connects the city with country s capital and largest city Dhaka as well as with many other parts of the country via N1 31 There are services from companies such as Green Line Paribahan Shohag Enterprise and many others to travel to Cox s Bazar The price range for these premium bus rides varies from Tk 1200 to Tk 2500 depending on the seats and the bus 32 Travelling by bus to Cox s Bazar from Dhaka generally takes about 9 12 hours depending on the traffic Airport Edit Cox s Bazar Airport Terminal The city of Cox s Bazar is served by Cox s Bazar International Airport located northwest of the city It is one of Bangladesh s busiest domestic airports The main airlines serving the airport are Biman Bangladesh Airlines US Bangla Airlines Novoair and Regent Airways In November 2020 Biman Bangladesh Airlines started flights between Sylhet and Cox s Bazar which was the first direct flight between two cities without any connecting flight from Dhaka 33 Cox s Bazar Airport is in the process of being upgraded to an international airport in order to attract more tourists 34 35 This will make it the fourth international airport in Bangladesh 36 Rail Edit The Cox s Bazar railway station is the main railway station of the district under construction which will provide trains on national routes operated by the state run Bangladesh Railway It is expected to be completed by June in 2023 37 Tourism Edit Cox s Bazar Kolatoli Sea Beach after sunset Cox s Bazar Beach The beach in Cox s Bazar is the main attraction of the town with an unbroken length of 150 km 93 mi also termed the longest natural unbroken sea beach in the world There are several 3 stars and 5 star hotels provide the exclusive beachside area with accessories for the tourist Visitors in other hotels visit Laboni beach which is the area of the beach closest to the town Other than the beach there are several places of interest near the town which can easily be visited from the town center 38 39 Himchari National Park 40 Himchari is located just south of the Cox s Bazar town It consists of lush tropical rain forest grasslands and trees and features a number of waterfalls the biggest of which cascades down toward the sandy sun drenched beach The National Park was established in 1980 by the Government of Bangladesh as a conservation area for research education and recreation Once it was the stomping grounds of herds of Asian elephant It is still home to a limited number of these mammals 41 Aggmeda Khyang a large Buddhist monastery and a place revered by around 400 000 Buddhist people of Cox s Bazar and the Chittagong Hill Tracts The main sanctuary is posted on a series of round timber columns It has a prayer chamber and an assembly hall along with a repository of large and small bronze Buddha images and a number of old manuscripts Ramu about 10 km 6 mi from Cox s Bazar 42 is a village with a sizeable Buddhist population The village sells handicrafts and homemade cigars There are monasteries khyangs and pagodas containing images of Buddha in bronze gold and other metals with precious stones One of the temples on the bank of the Baghkhali river houses relics and Burmese handicrafts and also a large bronze statue of Buddha measuring thirteen feet high which rests on a six feet high pedestal Weavers ply their trade in open workshops and craftsmen make handmade cigars in their pagoda like houses Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibSafari Park is the first Safari Park in Bangladesh Dulahazara Safari Park was developed on an undulating landscape of around 2 224 acres 9 00 km2 of area at Chakaria Upazila in Cox s Bazar District The nature of the forest is tropical evergreen and rich with Garjan Boilam Telsur and Chapalish along with herbs shrubs and creepers Safari Park is a declared protected area where the animals are kept in a fairly large area with natural environment and visitors can easily see the animal whenever they visit by bus jeep or on foot This park was established on the basis of South Asian model This safari park is an extension of an animal sanctuary located along the Chittagong Cox s Bazar road about 50 km 30 mi from Cox s Bazar town The sanctuary itself protects a large number of wild elephants which are native to the area In the safari park there are domesticated elephants which are available for a ride Other animal attractions include lions Bengal tigers Crocodiles Bears Chitals and a variety of birds and monkeys The only aquarium in Bangladesh is in Cox s Bazar Attractions also include parasailing water biking beach biking horse riding Cox Carnival circus show Daria Nagar Ecopark Cox s Bazar Development Authority numerous architectural attractions Shishu Parks and numerous photogenic sites The largest safari park in the country Bangabandhu Safari Park is nearby There is a forest reserve Naf Tourism Park which also has a cable car planned 43 Radiant Fish World Radiant Fish World is a sea aquarium Cox s Bazar Teknaf Marine Drive Its the road that goes to Teknaf from Cox s Bazar There is a sea on one side and hill on the other 44 In 2013 the Bangladesh Government formed the Tourist Police unit to protect local and foreign tourists better as well as to look after the nature and wildlife in the tourist spots of Cox s Bazar 45 Gallery Edit Cox s Bazar Bus Terminal View of Cox s Bazar City Town view at Sugondha point Beach area Cox s Bazar in daylight Cox s Bazar Sea BeachSee also EditCox s Bazar District Cox s Bazar Beach on Facebook Cox s Bazar Sadar Upazila Cox s Bazar Airport List of lighthouses in Bangladesh Mermaid Beach Resort Graduate Ukhiya TeknafReferences Edit a b Area Population of Cox s Bazar citypopulation de Cox s Bazar Bangladesh Encyclopaedia Britannica 12 January 2015 Retrieved 14 January 2008 কক সব জ র জ ল Cox s Bazar district coxsbazar gov bd in Bengali Retrieved 4 December 2018 Bangladesh s Cox s Bazar A paradise being lost BBC News 26 December 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2022 Fiddian Green R G Silen W December 1975 Mechanisms of disposal of acid and alkali in rabbit duodenum The American Journal of Physiology 229 6 1641 1648 doi 10 1152 ajplegacy 1975 229 6 1641 ISSN 0002 9513 PMID 2019 a b c d Siddiqi Mohammad Mahibbullah 2012 Cox s Bazar District In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Nandita Haksar 2009 Rogue Agent How India s Military Intelligence Betrayed the Burmese Resistance Penguin Books India pp 55 56 ISBN 978 0 14 306489 3 a b Chowdhury Sifatul Quader 2012 Beach Sand Heavy Mineral In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Alam Badiul 2012 Cox s Bazar Sadar Upazila In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Kabir SM Humayun 2012 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Bangladesh rampage over Facebook Koran image BBC News 30 September 2012 Retrieved 8 December 2019 Cox s Bazar The world s biggest refugee settlement Norwegian Refugee Council 21 May 2020 Retrieved 24 August 2018 Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for 15 May 2020 Public health response in Rohingya refugee settlements on alert as first coronavirus case confirmed UNHCR Retrieved 21 May 2020 Ramy Inocencio At least 15 killed by huge fire at Rohingya refugee camp in Cox s Bazar Bangladesh 23 March 2021 www cbsnews com accessed 23 March 2021 UN emergency fund allocates 14 million for Rohingya refugees left homeless by massive fire UN News 25 March 2021 Retrieved 28 March 2021 ভ গল ক পর চ ত কক সব জ র জ ল Geographical Introduction Cox s Bazar District coxsbazar gov bd in Bengali Archived from the original on 7 December 2018 Retrieved 4 December 2018 Alam M S Huq N E Rashid M S 1999 Morphology and Sediments of the Cox s Bazar Coastal Plain South East Bangladesh Journal of Coastal Research 15 4 902 908 JSTOR 4299010 Ahmed Rafique 2012 Climate In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Monthly Maximum Temperature Bangladesh Meteorological Department Retrieved 31 January 2016 Monthly Minimum Temperature Bangladesh Meteorological Department Retrieved 31 January 2016 Normal Monthly Rainfall Bangladesh Meteorological Department Retrieved 31 January 2016 Normal Monthly Rainy Day Bangladesh Meteorological Department Retrieved 31 January 2016 Normal Monthly Humidity Bangladesh Meteorological Department Retrieved 31 January 2016 Klimatafel von Koks Bazar Cox s Bazar Bangladesch PDF Baseline climate means 1961 1990 from stations all over the world in German Deutscher Wetterdienst Retrieved 31 January 2016 41992 Cox s Bazar Bangladesh ogimet com OGIMET 1 December 2021 Retrieved 1 December 2021 Cox s Bazar International University a b c d List of Lights Pub 112 Western Pacific and Indian Oceans Including the Persian Gulf and Red Sea PDF List of Lights United States National Geospatial Intelligence Agency 2016 a b c d Rowlett Russ Lighthouses of Bangladesh The Lighthouse Directory University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Retrieved 30 September 2016 Reeves Peter The Development of Export Oriented Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh a preliminary assessment of moves to more intensive production in southeastern Bangladesh University of Edinburgh Abstract Archived from the original on 1 September 2005 Retrieved 1 February 2008 Much needed Submarine Cable Bangladesh Bangladesh Development Gateway 2 March 2006 Archived from the original on 20 April 2006 Retrieved 14 January 2008 Online Road Network Bus Available Green Line Biman to launch Sylhet Cox s Bazar flight from Nov 12 Dhaka Tribune 10 November 2020 Retrieved 7 January 2021 Cox s Bazar Airport to be made international one The Daily Star 3 April 2012 Retrieved 11 April 2012 Cox s Bazar International airport to be upgraded Minister The Daily Star 26 March 2012 Retrieved 11 April 2012 Expansion work of Cox s Bazar International airport to start this year Minister The Financial Express Dhaka 25 March 2012 Retrieved 11 April 2012 Sujan Tourism to improve when Dohazari Cox s Bazar rail line completed Dhaka Tribune 12 September 2020 Ethirajan Anbarasan 26 December 2012 Bangladesh s Cox s Bazar A paradise being lost BBC World Retrieved 29 January 2015 Bangladesh Tourism The Europa World Year Book Taylor amp Francis 2003 p 679 ISBN 978 1 85743 227 5 Bangladesh Tour to Welcome to Himchari National Park tourtobangladesh com Retrieved 4 December 2018 Himchari National Park A Birdwatcher s Paradise Bangladesh com Retrieved 1 February 2015 Hossain Mofazzal 2012 Cox s Bazar In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh BEZA to set up 9 5 km cable car route at Naf Tourism Park The Independent Dhaka BSS 22 March 2019 Best Things to do in Cox s Bazar Retrieved 26 October 2020 Mahmud Tarek 31 August 2013 Seashores to get tourist police Dhaka Tribune Retrieved 18 June 2015 External links EditCox s Bazar at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Travel information from Wikivoyage Portals Bangladesh Engineering Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cox 27s Bazar amp oldid 1147700074, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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