The Guozijian,[1] sometimes translated as the Imperial College, Imperial Academy, Imperial University, National Academy, or National University,[2] was the national central institution of higher learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui dynasty. It was the highest institution of academic research and learning in China's traditional educational system, with the function of administration of education.
Formerly it was called the Taixue (lit.'Imperial University'). The Taixue for Gongsheng (tribute students) from the populace was part of the Guozijian, along with Guozixue for noble students. The central schools of the Taixue were established as far back as 3 CE, when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han.[3] The institution was known as the Guozijian beginning in the Sui dynasty. During the Ming dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor promoted the study of law, math, calligraphy, equestrianism, and archery at the Guozijian.[4]
In 1905, the Guozijian was shut down. During the 1898 reform of the Qing dynasty, the education and administrational functions of the Guozijian were mainly replaced by the Imperial Capital University (also translated as Imperial University of Peking), which later became the modern Peking University.
Locationsedit
Entrance of the Imperial Academy in Huế, central Vietnam
Guozijian were located in the national capital of each Chinese dynasty, such as Chang'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou. In early years of the Ming, the Guozijian was in Nanjing. Afterwards, the Ming had two capitals, so there were two Guozijian: one in Nanjing (which later became Nanjing University) and one in Beijing. During the Qing dynasty, the Guozijian was in Beijing.
In Vietnam, the Imperial Academy (Vietnamese: Quốc Tử Giám) existed from the Trần dynasty onwards.[citation needed] Several notable chairmen of the Guozijian were Chu Văn An, Nguyễn Phi Khanh, and Vũ Miên. The first Imperial Academy in Vietnam was based at the Temple of Literature in Hanoi, which survives to this day.
^Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–. ISBN978-0-521-24332-2.
^Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. pp. 122–. ISBN978-0-521-24332-2.
^"Guozijian". James P. Geiss Foundation. from the original on 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
Sourcesedit
Chang, Che-chia. "The Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine: Its institutions and the physicians shaped by them." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 41.1 (2015): 63–92. online
Sivin, Nathan. "Science and Medicine in Imperial China--the state of the field." Journal of Asian Studies (1988): 41–90. online
Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," History of Education Quarterly (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.
December 18, 2023
guozijian, also, beijing, gukjagam, sometimes, translated, imperial, college, imperial, academy, imperial, university, national, academy, national, university, national, central, institution, higher, learning, chinese, dynasties, after, dynasty, highest, insti. See also Guozijian Beijing and Gukjagam The Guozijian 1 sometimes translated as the Imperial College Imperial Academy Imperial University National Academy or National University 2 was the national central institution of higher learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui dynasty It was the highest institution of academic research and learning in China s traditional educational system with the function of administration of education GuozijianChinese nameTraditional Chinese國子監Simplified Chinese国子监TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinGuozǐjianWade GilesKuo2 tzŭ3 chien4IPA kwo tsɹ tɕjɛ n Yue CantoneseJyutpingGwok3 zi2 gaam1IPA kʷɔːk tsiː kaːm Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetQuốc Tử GiamChữ Han國子監Korean nameHangul국자감Hanja國子監TranscriptionsRevised RomanizationGukja GamMcCune ReischauerKukcha GamManchu nameManchu scriptᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠵᡠᠰᡝ ᠪᡝ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨMollendorffgurun i juse be huwasabure yamunBiyong the imperial lecture hall in Beijing GuozijianThe imperial lecture hall and classrooms in Beijing GuozijianJuniperus chinensis from Six Dynasties the symbol of Nanjing GuozijianStele Forest in Xi an where collects many ancient steles from Chang an Guozijian of the Tang dynasty Contents 1 History 2 Locations 3 Vietnam 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 SourcesHistory editFormerly it was called the Taixue lit Imperial University The Taixue for Gongsheng tribute students from the populace was part of the Guozijian along with Guozixue for noble students The central schools of the Taixue were established as far back as 3 CE when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han 3 The institution was known as the Guozijian beginning in the Sui dynasty During the Ming dynasty the Hongwu Emperor promoted the study of law math calligraphy equestrianism and archery at the Guozijian 4 In 1905 the Guozijian was shut down During the 1898 reform of the Qing dynasty the education and administrational functions of the Guozijian were mainly replaced by the Imperial Capital University also translated as Imperial University of Peking which later became the modern Peking University Locations edit nbsp Entrance of the Imperial Academy in Huế central VietnamGuozijian were located in the national capital of each Chinese dynasty such as Chang an Luoyang Kaifeng and Hangzhou In early years of the Ming the Guozijian was in Nanjing Afterwards the Ming had two capitals so there were two Guozijian one in Nanjing which later became Nanjing University and one in Beijing During the Qing dynasty the Guozijian was in Beijing The Beijing Guozijian located on Guozijian Street in the Dongcheng District was the imperial college during the Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties most of the current buildings were built during the Ming dynasty 5 It was the last Guozijian in China and the predecessor of Peking University Vietnam edit nbsp Quốc tử giam quan phong 國子監關防 the office seal of the Imperial Academy of the Nguyễn dynasty In Vietnam the Imperial Academy Vietnamese Quốc Tử Giam existed from the Trần dynasty onwards citation needed Several notable chairmen of the Guozijian were Chu Văn An Nguyễn Phi Khanh and Vũ Mien The first Imperial Academy in Vietnam was based at the Temple of Literature in Hanoi which survives to this day See also editAcademies Shuyuan Ancient higher learning institutions Peking University Nanjing University Yuelu Academy later become Hunan University References editCitations edit Yuan 194 Frederick W Mote Denis Twitchett 26 February 1988 The Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty 1368 1644 Cambridge University Press pp 131 ISBN 978 0 521 24332 2 Yuan 193 Frederick W Mote Denis Twitchett 26 February 1988 The Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty 1368 1644 Cambridge University Press pp 122 ISBN 978 0 521 24332 2 Guozijian James P Geiss Foundation Archived from the original on 2017 08 13 Retrieved 2008 08 07 Sources edit Chang Che chia The Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine Its institutions and the physicians shaped by them East Asian Science Technology and Medicine 41 1 2015 63 92 online Sivin Nathan Science and Medicine in Imperial China the state of the field Journal of Asian Studies 1988 41 90 online Yuan Zheng Local Government Schools in Sung China A Reassessment History of Education Quarterly Volume 34 Number 2 Summer 1994 193 213 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guozijian amp oldid 1179583363, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
