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Wikipedia

Finland–NATO relations

April 05, 2023

The Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 15:45 (+2 GMT) or 4 April 2023. Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.

Finland–NATO relations

NATO
Finland
Flags of Finland and NATO in front of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland after the accession to NATO, 4 April 2023
Foreign minister Pekka Haavisto signing Finland's application for NATO membership in 2022
US Vice President Kamala Harris and President Joe Biden with Finnish President Sauli Niinistö and Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson in Washington discussing Sweden's and Finland's NATO applications.

Finland historically maintained a position of neutrality in the face of its often complicated relations with Russia. The possibility of membership became a topic of debate in the country after the end of the Cold War, and following the Russian invasion of Ukraine the country officially applied to join NATO on 18 May 2022.

On 5 July 2022, NATO signed the accession protocol for Finland to join the alliance.[1] By the end of September, 28 of 30 NATO member states had ratified the accession protocol, the remaining two being Turkey and Hungary who would ratify it by the end of March the following year. Finland formally became a member of NATO on 4 April 2023 during a scheduled summit,[2] finalizing the fastest accession process in the treaty's history.[3] Finland has a 1,340 km (832 miles) border with Russia, which more than doubles NATO's border with Russia.[4][5]

History

At the end of World War II, Finland had to cut its ties with Germany with which it had allied against the Soviet Union in the Continuation War. Following the war, foreign policy was guided by the so-called Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine, which aimed to ensure Finland's survival as an independent sovereign, democratic, and capitalist state next to the communist Soviet Union. This was to be achieved by maintaining good enough relations with the Soviet Union to avoid war with its eastern neighbor. The Finnish government refused foreign aid from the United States under the Marshall Plan due to pressure from the Soviet Union. Shortly afterward, the YYA Treaty was concluded between Finland and the Soviet Union. The Cold War was marked by so-called "Finlandization", in which Finland retained its nominal independence on internal affairs, while its foreign policy was limited to avoid conflicts with the Soviet Union's foreign policy. As a result, it took neutral stances to stay out of great power conflicts, and refrained from joining NATO, the European Communities or other institutions which were established following the war by the Western democratic states, as well as the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.[6] During the peak of the Cold War the Finnish government made a conscious effort to increase defence capabilities, to ensure a strong deterrent for any potential invasion. From 1968 onward, the Finnish government adopted the doctrine of territorial defence, which requires the use of large land areas to delay and wear out a potential aggressor. This was complemented by the concept of total defence, which calls for the use of all resources of society for national defence in times of crisis.

Cooperation before joining

 
Finnish IFOR forces on a Sisu XA-180 in 1996
 
A Finnish Air Force F/A-18 Hornet, which is slated to be replaced by the F-35 Lightning II beginning in 2026
 
Finland has sent peacekeepers to Kosovo as part of the NATO-led Kosovo Force. In this image, two Finnish soldiers are receiving a briefing from an Irish soldier.

Before joining NATO, Finland participated in nearly all sub-areas of the Partnership for Peace programme, and provided peacekeeping forces to both the Afghanistan and Kosovo missions.[7] The Finnish government's 1997 defense white paper strongly advocated the development of interoperability to support international crisis management in line with the PfP concept. The 1998-2008 defense program began in May 1997 at the "Spirit of PfP" training in northern Norway.[8] Finland maintained close relations with NATO and purchased from its members military equipment including F-35 Lightning II aircraft.[9] Newly procured equipment was required to meet NATO standards since before Finland seriously pursued membership.[10] Despite "longstanding armanents cooperation with NATO," upon accession it still retained non-compatible materiel, such as the RK 62 assualt rifle, that would not be decommisioned until the the end of its lifecycle.[11]

 
Finland has participated in the US-led BALTOPS exercises along with many NATO countries and other Partners for Peace; shown here are Finnish soldiers taking part in BALTOPS 2009 in Sweden.

In April 2014, while Carl Haglund was Defence Minister, the government announced that it was negotiating a memorandum of understanding with NATO [fi] on Finland's readiness to receive military assistance and to aid NATO in equipment maintenance. He emphasized that this memorandum was not a step toward membership.[12] The agreement, signed in September 2014, allows NATO and Finland to hold joint exercises on Finnish soil and permits assistance from NATO members in situations such as "disasters, disruptions, and threats to security".[13] As such, Finland (and Sweden) participated in the 2015 NATO-led Arctic Challenge Exercise.[14]

Membership

History

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991, the threat posed to Finland's independence was diminished. NATO emphasized its open door policy to admitting new members, and many former Eastern Bloc and post-Soviet states joined the alliance in the 1990s and 2000s. Through subsequent governments the Finnish position was that joining NATO was unnecessary, and it was preferable to retain an independent defence policy, though if conditions changed the country had the right to exercise the option to join NATO.[15] Removing barriers to effectively exercising the option to join an alliance (for example, by increasing interopability) is a part of this policy.[16] The country did move away from neutrality during this period though, joining the European Union in 1995 which required adopting its Common Foreign and Security Policy.

The possibility of Finland's membership in NATO was one of the most important issues debated in relation to the Finnish presidential election of 2006.[7] The main opposition candidate Sauli Niinistö, of the National Coalition Party, supported Finland joining a "more European" NATO.[7] Fellow right-winger Henrik Lax of the Swedish People's Party likewise supported the concept. On the other side, president Tarja Halonen of the Social Democratic Party opposed changing the status quo, as did most other candidates in the election. Her victory and re-election to the post of president put the issue of a NATO membership for Finland on hold the duration of her term.

In 2007, Finland made various technical preparations of the Finnish Defence Forces for membership, with the then Defence Minister Jyri Häkämies eager to pursue NATO membership. The government preferred to wait until after the negotiations of the new EU treaty were concluded before reviewing their policy on NATO, to determine if it included a new EU-level defence agreement.[17] Finnish think tank EVA [fi], which has regularly commissioned opinion polls on NATO membership, noted in its 2015 report a downward trend in the percent opposed that started in 1998, including a steep decline after the 2012 presidential election.[18] In March 2014, during Russia's annexation of Crimea, one survey showed only 22 percent supported membership, though a second showed that 53 percent would support membership if Finnish leadership recommended it.[19] Support for a military alliance with neighbor Sweden was also high, at 54 percent,[20] and Finland could possibly seek an enlarged role for NORDEFCO.[21] Finnish Minister of Defence Carl Haglund suggested that a referendum on NATO membership could be held sometime after the 2015 parliamentary election.[22]

 
Prime Minister Sanna Marin and President Sauli Niinistö at the press conference announcing Finland's intent to apply to NATO on 15 May 2022.

In January 2022, Prime Minister Sanna Marin said that Finland reserved the option of applying NATO membership if it chooses to do so, but she said it was "very unlikely" it would happen during her term as prime minister.[23][24] On 24 February 2022, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, she reiterated that while Finland was "not currently facing an immediate military threat", joining NATO was still a possibility, noting that "the debate on NATO membership in Finland will change".[25] On 25 February, a Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson threatened Finland and Sweden with "military and political consequences" if they attempted to join NATO. Both countries had attended the emergency NATO summit as members of NATO's Partnership for Peace and both had condemned the invasion and had provided assistance to Ukraine.[26] Following a meeting on 1 March 2022 to discuss whether to apply to become full members of NATO, Prime Minister Sanna Marin stated that no decision had been made on the issue yet, saying that "such an important question needs to be dealt with thoroughly".[27]

Opinion polling following the invasion showed an unprecedented increase in support for joining NATO among Finns, with a clear majority in favour.[28] Several citizens' initiatives on the subject got the required 50,000 signatures, requiring the Parliament of Finland to consider the matter.[29][30][31] President Niinistö characterised the polling as demonstrating sufficient popular support for an application.[32] Prime Minister Marin suggested that the decision process must be concluded in the spring and in a matter of "weeks, not months".[33][34]

On 13 April 2022, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs produced a report on the international security landscape and on the foreign and defence policy options available to Finland, which is expected to form the basis of the debate on NATO membership.[35] The report identifies that the Russian invasion has changed the long-term European security environment and made it more difficult to predict and act in the near term.[36] It does not explicitly take a position on NATO membership, but does state that the present security arrangements are insufficient and that membership would increase stability, although there is no immediate threat. As a member, Finland would not be obliged to accept foreign bases or the presence of nuclear weapons on its territory;[37] Finland's defence budget would rise by 1 to 1.5%.[38] Helsingin Sanomat assessed it as a positive evaluation of NATO membership.[37] On 14 April 2022, the flag of Finland was raised simultaneously at NATO’s Headquarters in Brussels, at SHAPE in Mons, and at the JFC-NF headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, while the Finnish national anthem was playing.[39]

European Union membership

 
Accession of Finland to the European Union in 1995
 
Map showing European membership of the EU and NATO
  EU member only
  NATO member only
  member of both

Finland became a member of the European Union in 1995. Since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the EU mutual solidarity clause applies to Finland along with other EU member states:

If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States. [...]

— Article 42.7 of the consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union

Article 42.2 specifies that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self-defence for EU member states that are also NATO members. The other EU member states that are outside NATO and consequently resort to the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP, which has a much smaller structures and capabilities than NATO's command structure) for the implementation of collective self-defence, are Austria, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta and Sweden.

Political positions

Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the National Coalition Party and Swedish People's Party of Finland supported NATO membership, and the other parties were neutral or opposed to varying degrees. In 2016, the party conference of the National Coalition Party agreed that Finland should apply for membership "in the next few years".[40] In the vision of the Swedish People's Party of Finland set out in the same year, Finland will be a NATO member in 2025.[41] Many individual politicians have advocated for NATO as well, including the current President Sauli Niinistö and former Prime Minister Alexander Stubb,[42] as well as former President Martti Ahtisaari,[7][43] who has argued that Finland should join all the organizations supported by other Western democracies in order "to shrug off once and for all the burden of Finlandization".[44] Two other former presidents from the Social Democratic Party, Tarja Halonen and Mauno Koivisto, have publicly opposed the idea, arguing that NATO membership would deteriorate Finland's relations with Russia.[45] The Left Alliance has been the party most opposed to joining NATO; when they entered into coalition with the SDP in 2019, they made clear that any movement toward a military alliance would lead to the Left Alliance leaving the cabinet. The party's position changed following the invasion, with chair Li Andersson calling for a thoughtful, society-wide discussion and evaluation of the possibility of applying to join NATO,[46] and later confirming that the party had decided not to resign from the government if an application is submitted.[47] After the invasion and a large change in popular opinion, the leadership of the Center Party and Finns Party also changed position to support NATO membership.[48][49]

NATO opinion

NATO has consistently maintained its "open door policy".[50] Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg expected that the member states would "warmly welcome Finland as a member of NATO".[51] He has said that "Finnish membership would make NATO stronger", identifying the country's military capability and commitment to remaining a democratic society as assets.[52]

Foreign opinion

See also: Finland–Russia relations
 
The border between Finland and Russia is about 1,340 km (833 mi) long.[53]
 
The car traffic on the Finnish side at the Nuijamaa Border Crossing Point in Nuijamaa, Lappeenranta, South Karelia, in September 2017

Finland has received critical feedback from Russia for considering the possibility of joining NATO,[54] with a 2009 study suggesting this could have repercussions for Russia's relations with the EU and NATO as a whole.[55] Following the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen reiterated that Finland had no plans to join NATO, and stated that the main lesson of the war was the need for closer ties to Russia.[56] In a June 2014 interview in the Finnish newspaper Hufvudstadsbladet, Vladimir Putin's personal envoy Sergey Alexandrovich Markov accused Finland of extreme "Russophobia" and suggested that Finland joining NATO could start World War III.[57] In July 2016, Putin stated on a visit to Finland that Russia would increase the number of troops on the Finnish border if Finland were to join NATO. He also warned that NATO would "fight to the last Finn against Russia".[58][59]

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the radical shift in Finnish positions toward joining NATO, Maria Zakharova and Dmitry Medvedev warned that joining NATO would have consequences for Finland, including the deployment of nuclear weapons;[60] Russian newspaper Izvestia reported that the Finnish lease on the Saimaa canal may be terminated.[61]

According to Hanna Smith [fi], Director of Research at the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, the rapidity of Finnish movement into NATO has surprised Russia. She predicted that Russia will begin a hybrid campaign to influence the Finnish decision process, including cyber attacks, with increasing escalation if Finland moves closer to membership.[62]

Russia has halted providing natural gas to neighbouring Finland after the Nordic country refused to pay supplier Gazprom in rubles. Russia's leading exporter of electricity to the Nordic market, RAO Nordic, has announced that it has decided to cut electricity supplies to Finland due to payment arrears.

Polling

Polls asking the Finnish public whether they support or oppose joining NATO have been regularly conducted. This table includes only unconditional questions; other polled topics include support for joining NATO should Sweden also join, and support for joining NATO if the Finnish government officially recommends membership, both of which generally increased public support for joining.[63]

According to Helsingin Sanomat's data between 20–26 June 2022, 70% said Finland would not meet Turkey's demands, and 14% that it would.[64] According to Ilta-Sanomat's data, between January 30 and February 1, 53% of Finnish respondents said they wanted to join NATO without waiting for Sweden to join together, 28% said they wanted to wait to join NATO with Sweden, and 19% were undecided.[65]

Polls on Finnish membership of NATO
Dates
conducted 		Pollster Client Sample
size 		Support Oppose Neutral
or DK 		Lead
12 Nov – 22 Dec 1995[66] Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1128 17% 81% 24% 65%
26 Feb – 14 Mar 1996[67] Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1025 16% 81% 23% 65%
17–27 Oct 1997[68] Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1017 17% 79% 24% 63%
16–28 Oct 1998[69] Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1036 32% 48% 20% 16%
15 Oct – 2 Nov 1999[70] Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1013 16% 73% 12% 57%
21 Nov 2000 – 18 Jan 2001[71] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2214 20% 52% 28% 32%
3 Dec 2002 – 29 Jan 2003[72] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2133 18% 56% 26% 38%
26 Nov 2003 – 16 Jan 2004[73] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1310 20% 55% 25% 35%
24 Nov 2004 – 20 Jan 2005[74] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2264 22% 53% 25% 31%
29 Nov 2005 – 25 Jan 2006[75] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1218 20% 51% 29% 31%
27 Nov 2006 – 19 Jan 2007[76] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1923 20% 52% 28% 32%
7 Aug 2008 Russia invades Georgia
17 Oct – 4 Nov 2008[77] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 980 28% 60% 12% 32%
2 Jan – 4 Feb 2009[78] Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2346 24% 48% 28% 24%
24 Sep – 11 Oct 2010[79] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1017 25% 68% 7% 43%
21 Nov – 11 Dec 2011[80] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 965 20% 70% 10% 50%
12–23 Jan 2012[81] Taloustutkimus EVA 1271 14% 65% 21% 51%
18–30 Jan 2013[82] Taloustutkimus EVA 2023 18% 55% 27% 37%
14–30 Jan 2014[83] Taloustutkimus EVA 2052 18% 51% 30% 33%
16 Mar 2014 Russia's annexation of Crimea
26 Sep – 12 Oct 2014[84] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1023 30% 60% 10% 30%
9–22 Jan 2015[85] Taloustutkimus EVA 2056 26% 43% 32% 17%
5–23 Nov 2015[86] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1005 27% 58% 15% 31%
8–19 Jan 2016[87] Taloustutkimus EVA 2040 27% 46% 27% 19%
22 Sep – 11 Oct 2016[88] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1000 25% 61% 14% 36%
16–27 Oct 2017[89] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat [?] 22% 59% 19% 37%
29 Nov – 5 Dec 2017[90] Taloustutkimus Yle News 1005 19% 53% 28% 34%
24 Sep – 4 Oct 2018[91] Taloustutkimus EVA 2073 23% 46% 31% 23%
21 Sep – 7 Oct 2018[92] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1034 20% 59% 21% 39%
20–29 Nov 2019[93] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1002 20% 56% 24% 36%
16 Sep – 6 Oct 2020[94] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1169 21% 53% 25% 32%
16–28 Oct 2020[95] Taloustutkimus EVA 2019 22% 45% 32% 23%
15 Sep – 5 Oct 2021[96] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1001 24% 51% 24% 27%
24 Sep – 10 Oct 2021[97] Taloustutkimus EVA 2042 26% 40% 33% 14%
3–16 Jan 2022[98] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1003 28% 42% 30% 14%
13–21 Jan 2022[99] Taloustutkimus MTV News 1005 30% 43% 27% 13%
24 Feb 2022 Russia invades Ukraine
23–25 Feb 2022[100] Taloustutkimus Yle 1382 53% 28% 19% 25%
28 Feb – 3 Mar 2022[101] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 501 48% 27% 26% 21%
9–11 Mar 2022[102] Taloustutkimus Yle 1378 62% 16% 19% 46%
4–15 Mar 2022[103] Taloustutkimus EVA 2074 60% 19% 21% 41%
11–16 Mar 2022[104] Kantar TNS Maaseudun Tulevaisuus 1059 61% 16% 23% 45%
18–23 Mar 2022[105] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1062 54% 21% 25% 33%
28–30 Mar 2022[106] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1080 61% 16% 23% 45%
6–11 Apr 2022[107] Corefiner MTV 1863 68% 12% 20% 56%
8–13 Apr 2022[108] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1057 59% 17% 24% 42%
22–27 Apr 2022[109] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1062 65% 13% 22% 52%
7 Apr – 3 May 2022[110] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1002 68% 15% 17% 53%
4–6 May 2022[111] Taloustutkimus Yle 1270 76% 12% 11% 64%
9–10 May 2022[112] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1002 73% 12% 15% 61%
20–26 Jun 2022[113] Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1003 79% 10% 11% 69%
14 Sep – 2 Oct 2022[114] Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information (Ministry of Defence) 1033 85% 12% 3% 73%
19–31 Oct 2022[115] Taloustutkimus EVA 2088 78% 8% 14% 70%
30 Jan – 1 Feb 2023[116] Taloustutkimus Iltasanomat 1021 82% 8% 10% 74%

Application

Accession of Finland to NATO
Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Finland
Finnish: Pöytäkirja Pohjois-Atlantin sopimukseen Suomen tasavallan liittymisestä
Swedish: Protokoll till Nordatlantiska fördraget om Republiken Finlands anslutning
 
  NATO members   Finland
  Simultaneous NATO applicant (Sweden)
TypeAccession treaty
Signed5 July 2022 (2022-07-05)
LocationBrussels, Belgium
Effective4 April 2023 (2023-04-04)
ConditionEntry into force of the accession treaty after ratification by all current NATO members. Membership of Finland starts after deposit of its instrument of accession after the treaty has entered into force.
Ratifiers
30 / 30
DepositaryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish and French
Further information: "Suomen Nato-jäsenhakemus" on the Finnish Wikipedia (in Finnish)
 
Finnish and Swedish ambassadors submit their applications to join NATO to Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg
 
Magdalena Andersson (on the left), Sanna Marin and Olaf Scholz held talks about potential NATO membership for Finland and Sweden in spring 2022.
 
Finnish president Sauli Niinistö attended the 2022 Madrid summit.

On 12 May 2022, Finnish president Sauli Niinistö and prime minister Sanna Marin announced in a joint press conference that they were in favour of seeking NATO membership "without delay".[117] On 15 May 2022, Niinistö and Marin announced that the president and Ministerial Committee on Foreign and Security Policy had adopted a report endorsing Finland joining NATO, beginning the formal constitutional process of applying.[118] A Finnish application had been anticipated following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine degrading the European security environment, and a significant shift in Finnish public opinion on the desirability of membership.[119][120]

The government's proposal to join was approved in parliament by 188 votes to 8 on 17 May.[121] The next day, Finland submitted an official application to NATO in Brussels jointly with Sweden; the organisation considered the applications and then negotiations began.[122] Negotiations were expected to take weeks, after which Finland would participate in NATO activities at all levels on a provisional basis during the ratification period.[52] With negotiations concluded and a reconfirmation of the applicant's intent to join, the accession protocol needed ratification by all the existing NATO member states;[123] this was estimated to take between four months and a year.[124] After ratification was completed, the Parliament of Finland needed to pass an Act to formally bring the accession into force.[123]

During the interval between initiating an application and membership entering into force, Finland was at risk.[125] Jens Stoltenberg, NATO Secretary General, said that Finland could join the alliance "very quickly" and that there would be some degree of protection for Finland during that period.[51] Non-binding security promises were received from the United Kingdom[126] and the United States,[127] and the other reports claimed that further promises would be received from the other Nordic countries[128] as well as France and Germany.[129]

Croatia's president Zoran Milanović has stated that his country should block ratification of Finland's accession until electoral reform measures are implemented in neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina, though the Foreign Minister has expressed the government's support for any application.[130]

The European Union announced its support for Finland and Sweden's NATO membership.[131] Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan voiced his opposition to Finland and Sweden joining NATO, saying that it would be "impossible" for Turkey to support their application while the two countries allow groups which Turkey classifies as terrorist organizations, including the Kurdish militant groups Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), Democratic Union Party (Syria) (PYD), and People's Defense Units (YPG) and the supporters of Fethullah Gülen, a US-based Muslim cleric accused by Turkey of orchestrating a failed 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, to operate on their territory.[118][132][133] (The PKK is on the European Union's list of terrorist organizations.)[134] Turkey has requested the extradition of alleged PKK members from the Nordic countries and demanded the arms embargo imposed by the Finnish and Swedish governments in response to its operations against the YPG in Syria be lifted.[135] Turkey's demands for extradition of Kurdish and other political dissidents has been met with hostility by Kurdish activists and some human rights organizations, due to Turkey's poor human rights record and suppression of the Kurdish minority in Turkey.[136][137][138][139][140][141][142][excessive citations]

On 17 May 2022, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called on Turkey to approve Finland and Sweden's NATO membership.[143] On 18 May 2022, Turkey quickly prevented Finland and Sweden from starting NATO membership negotiations.[144] On 19 May 2022, Finland and Sweden announced that they could address Turkey's security concerns.[145] On the same day, Finnish President Sauli Niinistö and Former Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson announced that they were always ready for talks with Turkey and always condemned terrorism.[146] On 21 May 2022, Finnish President Sauli Niinistö, after a phone call with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, stated that Finland is ready for dialogue with Turkey on NATO membership and has always condemned terrorism.[147]

On 24 May Finland and Sweden sent a delegation to meet with Turkey. Jukka Salovaara from Finland, Oscar Stenström from Sweden, İbrahim Kalın and Sedat Önal from Turkey served in the memorandum negotiations.[148][149] Opposition parties CHP and HDP in Turkey announced that they support the membership of Finland and Sweden.[150][151] The ruling parties in Turkey, the AKP and MHP announced that they would not support the membership of Finland and Sweden.[152][153] Finnish President Niinistö said that he had earlier received favourable response, including from Erdoğan and foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, about Finland's membership;[154] Niinistö and Haavisto urged patience,[118] while Jussi Halla-aho, chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee [fi], suggested that Turkey wished to draw attention to Swedish policies, rather than to Finland's.[155] Niinistö stated in June that his country would not move forward with their application without Sweden, and that the two countries would join NATO "hand in hand".[156]

Speaking later, İbrahim Kalın, spokesman for Erdoğan, said that approving Finnish membership was not being ruled out, but that the status of these groups was "a matter of national security for Turkey" and that negotiation would be required.[157] After Kalın's statement, Erdoğan reiterated his threat to block Finland's and Sweden's membership applications.[158] NATO leadership and the United States said they were confident Turkey would not hold up the two countries accession process. Canadian Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly also held talks with Turkey to convince the Turkish government of the need for the two Nordic nations' integration.[159] On May 21, Erdoğan and Sauli Niinistö had a phone call to discuss Finland's NATO bid, Niinistö reiterated Finland's condemnation of terrorism in all forms.[160][161][162] Kalın stated after the first meeting in Ankara that the process would not progress until Turkey's expectations were met and they did not feel any time pressure on them.[163] After a delegation consisting of Swedish and Finnish diplomats held talks on the matter with its Turkish counterparts, Erdoğan repeated that he would not consent to their accession bid as the same day the talks were held in Ankara, Salih Muslim, who is considered a terrorist by Erdoğan, appeared on Swedish television.[164][165] Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli suggested that a scenario in which Turkey would leave NATO should be considered an option,[166] in which case a new military alliance could be founded.[167] In late May 2022, opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu argued that in case the accession row persisted and AKP and MHP decided to close the Inçirlik Air Base, the CHP would support this.[167]

At the 2022 Madrid summit on 28 June, Niinistö, Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson, and Erdoğan signed an agreement to address Turkey's security concerns,[168][169] and Niinistö announced that Turkey had agreed to support membership of NATO for Finland and Sweden.[170]

The accession process began the following day, with the unanimous agreement of NATO members to formally invite the countries to join. Negotiations were held on 4 July 2022, and the Accession Protocols were signed in Brussels on 5 July 2022.[1] However, Erdogan reiterated his threat to veto their membership, stating that he expected the applicant countries to meet their obligations under the agreement before Turkey's parliament would consider approving their accession protocol.[171] Finland, Sweden and Turkey held their first trilateral memorandum meeting on 26 August 2022 in Vantaa, Finland.[172][173] The second memorandum meeting between Finland, Sweden and Turkey was held on 25 November 2022 in Stockholm, Sweden.[174][175] The third meeting of the Finland, Sweden and Turkey tripartite memorandum meeting will be held on 9 March 2023 in Brussels, the capital of Belgium.[176][177][needs update] Turkey has announced that it will not approve NATO membership in the Turkish Grand National Assembly if Finland and Sweden do not fulfill their triple memorandum commitments.[178]

On 8 December 2022, at a press conference he gave with his Turkish counterpart Hulusi Akar during his visit to Turkey, Finnish Defense Minister Antti Kaikkonen stated that Finland has always condemned terrorism and that Finland is in full solidarity with Turkey in the fight against terrorism.[179][180] On 26 August 2022, Jukka Salovaara, chief negotiator responsible for Finland's NATO membership, said in a statement after the tripartite memorandum meeting in Vantaa that they are in deep consensus with Turkey.[181] By November, Finland's NATO membership had been ratified by 28 out of 30 member states, with only Hungary and Turkey yet to complete their procedures. During the process of application, Sweden held elections resulting in a center-right government that pledged to continue the NATO process, reaffirming a united front with Finland's application, and suggesting that they would be more able to meet Turkish requirements.[182] On 24 November 2022 Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban announced that he supported Sweden and Finland's accession to NATO, promising Hungary will ratify NATO membership in January.[183] Later, on 13 December, Gergely Gulyás, Orban's chief of staff, stated that the Hungarian legislature would start debating the ratification process of Sweden and Finland's NATO accession on 20 February 2023.[184][needs update]

On 8 January 2023, Finland's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pekka Haavisto, told reporters that "Finland is not in such a rush to join NATO that we can't wait for Sweden to get the green light". Haavisto also stated that representatives from the Swedish and Finnish parliaments are expected to visit Ankara in January,[needs update] with another meeting between the three countries scheduled for the spring.[185] On January 23, 2023, Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar announced that Turkey had fully fulfilled the Turkey–Finland–Sweden tripartite memorandum, while Finland and Sweden did not, and that Turkey expected them to comply.[186] On 24 January 2023, Haavisto announced that the trilateral memorandum talks with Finland, Sweden and Turkey would likely be suspended until after the parliamentary and presidential elections in Turkey.[187] Finland, Sweden and Turkey tripartite memorandum meetings were canceled indefinitely upon Turkey's request. The third meeting of the Finland, Sweden, and Turkey tripartite memorandum was to be held in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, in February.[188][needs update] On 1 February 2023, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that Turkey had a positive view of Finland's NATO membership, but not Sweden's NATO membership, due to Sweden allowing a demonstration by far-right politician Rasmus Paludan, where he had burnt the Quran.[189]

In March 2023, Jens Stoltenberg pushed for Hungary and Turkey to finalize the accession of Finland and Sweden by the July summit.[190] On 15 March, Finnish President Sauli Niinistö announced that Turkey had made a decision on Finland's application and had invited him to meet with President Erdoğan in Istanbul, with both Erdoğan and Turkish officials indicating that Finland's application would be approved. Turkish officials stated that it was "highly likely" that Finland's application would be approved in mid-April, prior to the Turkish general election. Turkish officials also stated that Finland's bid would be approved independently from that of Sweden.[191] Erdoğan publicly announced on 17 March that he would drop his opposition to Finland joining the military alliance, stating a goal of formalizing the ratification of Finland's entry into NATO prior to the 2023 Turkish general election.[192]

 
From left to right: Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin, Vice President of the United States Kamala Harris and Swedish prime minister Ulf Kristersson at the 59th Munich Security Conference

On 1 March 2023 the Parliament of Finland approved Finland's accession to NATO by a vote of 184 in favor and 7 opposed.[193] On 23 March 2023, the President of Finland, Sauli Niinistö, gave the presidential assent by signing the Finnish ratification.[194]

On 17 March 2023, it was announced that Hungary's legislature would vote on the ratification of Finland's NATO accession on 27 March 2023, and that parliamentarians of the ruling party, Fidesz, would unanimously support Finland's accession to NATO.[195] On 27 March 2023, the Hungarian parliament approved Finland's bid.[196]

On 31 March 2023, the Turkish parliament approved Finland's NATO accession, clearing its way to join the alliance.[197] On 1 April 2023, Erdoğan formally signed and approved the Turkish parliament's decision to ratify Finnish NATO membership.[198] Finland became an official member of the alliance on 4 April 2023, exactly 74 years after the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty which established NATO.[4] Reacting to Finland's accession, Russia said it would increase its forces along the Finland-Russia border if NATO sends troops to Finland.[5] Stoltenberg said there would be no NATO troops stationed in Finland without the consent of the Finnish government.[4]

Timeline of Finnish collaboration with NATO
Event Date Reference
Partnership for Peace 9 May 1994 [199]
Application submitted 18 May 2022 [200]
Invitation to join 29 June 2022 [201]
Accession protocol 5 July 2022 [202]
Domestic ratification 23 March 2023 [194]
Treaty in force 4 April 2023 [203]
Full membership 4 April 2023 [204]
  •  

    President Biden signing the Instruments of Ratification to approve Finland and Sweden's membership in NATO on 9 August 2022

  •  

    US Secretary of State Antony Blinken deposits the US Instruments of Ratification with the Depositary for the North Atlantic Treaty in August 2022.

  •  

    President Niinistö signed and confirmed the laws regarding Finland's NATO membership approved by the Finnish parliament on 23 March 2023.

  •  

    The flag of Finland is raised at NATO headquarters in Brussels on 4 April 2023

Ratification process

Member assent to Finnish membership in NATO
Signatory Date Institution     AB Deposited[203]
  Albania 7 July 2022[205] Parliament 114 0 0 11 August 2022
10 July 2022[206] Presidential assent Granted
  Belgium 20 July 2022[207] Chamber of Representatives 121 11 0 11 August 2022
21 July 2022[208] Royal assent Granted
  Bulgaria 13 July 2022[209] National Assembly 195 11 0 9 August 2022
18 July 2022[210] Presidential assent Granted
  Canada 5 July 2022[211] Government[a] Granted 5 July 2022
  Croatia 15 July 2022[213] Parliament 124 3 0 25 August 2022
19 July 2022[214] Presidential assent Granted
  Czech Republic 27 August 2022[215] Chamber of Deputies 134 4 14 19 September 2022
10 August 2022[216] Senate 64 0 1
31 August 2022[217] Presidential assent Granted
  Denmark 7 June 2022[218] Folketing 95 0 0 5 July 2022
  Estonia 6 July 2022[219] Riigikogu 79 0 3 22 July 2022
6 July 2022[220] Presidential assent Granted
  France 2 August 2022[221] National Assembly 209 46 53 16 August 2022
21 July 2022[222] Senate 323 17 8
5 August 2022[223] Presidential assent Granted
  Germany 8 July 2022[224] Bundestag Passed[b] 20 July 2022
8 July 2022[225] Bundesrat Passed[c]
11 July 2022[226] Presidential assent Granted
  Greece 15 September 2022[227] Parliament Passed[d] 14 October 2022
15 September 2022[229] Presidential promulgation Granted
  Hungary 27 March 2023[230] National Assembly 182 6 0 31 March 2023
28 March 2023[231] Presidential assent Granted
  Iceland 7 June 2022[232] Althing 44 0 5 6 July 2022
5 July 2022[233] Presidential assent Granted
  Italy 2 August 2022[234] Chamber of Deputies 398 20 9 17 August 2022
3 August 2022[235] Senate 202 13 2
5 August 2022[236] Presidential assent Granted
  Latvia 14 July 2022[237] Saeima 77 0 0 22 July 2022
15 July 2022[238] Presidential assent Granted
  Lithuania 20 July 2022[239] Seimas 113 0 0 4 August 2022
20 July 2022[239] Presidential assent Granted
  Luxembourg 12 July 2022[240] Chamber of Deputies 58 0 2 9 August 2022
22 July 2022[241] Grand Ducal promulgation Granted
  Montenegro 28 July 2022[242] Parliament 57 2 11 13 September 2022
1 August 2022[243] Presidential assent Granted
  Netherlands 7 July 2022[244] House of Representatives 142 8 0 20 July 2022
12 July 2022[245] Senate 71 1 0
13 July 2022[246] Royal promulgation Granted
  North Macedonia 27 July 2022[247] Assembly 103 2 0 22 August 2022
27 July 2022[248] Presidential assent Granted
  Norway 16 June 2022[249] Storting 98 4 0 7 July 2022
22 June 2022[250] Royal assent Granted
  Poland 7 July 2022[251] Sejm 440 1[e] 1 3 August 2022
20 July 2022[253] Senate 98 0 0
22 July 2022[254] Presidential assent Granted
  Portugal 16 September 2022[255] Assembly 219 11 0 11 October 2022
19 September 2022[256] Presidential assent Granted
  Romania 20 July 2022[257] Chamber of Deputies 227 0 3 22 August 2022
20 July 2022[258] Senate 94 0 0
22 July 2022[259] Presidential assent Granted
  Slovakia 27 September 2022[260] National Council 126 15 1 4 October 2022
28 September 2022[261] Presidential assent Granted
  Slovenia 14 July 2022[262] National Assembly 76 5 0 24 August 2022
22 July 2022[263] Presidential assent Granted
  Spain 15 September 2022[264] Congress of Deputies 290 11 47 6 October 2022
21 September 2022[265] Senate 245 1 17
27 September 2022[266] Royal assent Granted
  Turkey 30 March 2023[267] Grand National Assembly 276 0 0 4 April 2023
31 March 2023[268] Presidential assent (legislative) Granted
1 April 2023[269][270] Presidential assent (executive) Granted
  United Kingdom 5 July 2022[271] Government[f] Granted 8 July 2022
  United States 3 August 2022[273] Senate 95 1 1 18 August 2022
9 August 2022[274] Presidential assent Granted
Finnish actions in NATO accession
Signatory Date Institution     AB Deposited
  Finland 17 May 2022[121] Parliament
(motion on application) 		188 8 3 4 April 2023[204]
1 March 2023[193] Parliament
(accession) 		184 7 8
23 March 2023[194] Presidential assent
(accession) 		Granted

Note

  1. ^ According to Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mélanie Joly: "Under the Canadian system the government, the executive branch, has jurisdiction and there's no need to go through Parliament [to secure ratification]".[212]
  2. ^ The vote was taken by party rather than as a full recorded vote. In favor: SPD, The Greens, FDP, CDU/CSU, AfD. Against: The Left.[224]
  3. ^ Unanimous consent.
  4. ^ The vote was taken by party rather than as a full recorded vote. In favor: ND, SYRIZA, PASOK-KINAL. Against: KKE, Greek Solution, MeRA25.[228]
  5. ^ Robert Winnicki (Confederation) later released a statement saying that he had erroneously opposed the proposition, believing it to be a vote on a different item of legislation.[252] Winnicki had voted to approve Sweden's accession on the same day.
  6. ^ In the United Kingdom, there is no requirement for a formal law approving of treaties before their ratification, but the Ponsonby Rule is that they are laid before Parliament with an explanatory memorandum.[272]


Member state relations

See also

References

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April 05, 2023
finland, nato, relations, request, that, this, article, title, changed, finland, nato, under, discussion, please, move, this, article, until, discussion, closed, this, article, documents, current, event, information, change, rapidly, event, progresses, initial. A request that this article title be changed to Finland in NATO is under discussion Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed This article documents a current event Information may change rapidly as the event progresses and initial news reports may be unreliable The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information April 2023 The Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO since 15 45 2 GMT or 4 April 2023 Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program and has been a member of the European Union EU which largely overlaps with NATO in membership since 1995 Finland NATO relationsNATO FinlandFlags of Finland and NATO in front of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland after the accession to NATO 4 April 2023 Foreign minister Pekka Haavisto signing Finland s application for NATO membership in 2022 US Vice President Kamala Harris and President Joe Biden with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto and Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson in Washington discussing Sweden s and Finland s NATO applications Finland historically maintained a position of neutrality in the face of its often complicated relations with Russia The possibility of membership became a topic of debate in the country after the end of the Cold War and following the Russian invasion of Ukraine the country officially applied to join NATO on 18 May 2022 On 5 July 2022 NATO signed the accession protocol for Finland to join the alliance 1 By the end of September 28 of 30 NATO member states had ratified the accession protocol the remaining two being Turkey and Hungary who would ratify it by the end of March the following year Finland formally became a member of NATO on 4 April 2023 during a scheduled summit 2 finalizing the fastest accession process in the treaty s history 3 Finland has a 1 340 km 832 miles border with Russia which more than doubles NATO s border with Russia 4 5 Contents 1 History 2 Cooperation before joining 3 Membership 3 1 History 3 2 European Union membership 3 3 Political positions 3 4 NATO opinion 3 5 Foreign opinion 3 6 Polling 3 7 Application 3 7 1 Ratification process 4 Member state relations 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory EditAt the end of World War II Finland had to cut its ties with Germany with which it had allied against the Soviet Union in the Continuation War Following the war foreign policy was guided by the so called Paasikivi Kekkonen doctrine which aimed to ensure Finland s survival as an independent sovereign democratic and capitalist state next to the communist Soviet Union This was to be achieved by maintaining good enough relations with the Soviet Union to avoid war with its eastern neighbor The Finnish government refused foreign aid from the United States under the Marshall Plan due to pressure from the Soviet Union Shortly afterward the YYA Treaty was concluded between Finland and the Soviet Union The Cold War was marked by so called Finlandization in which Finland retained its nominal independence on internal affairs while its foreign policy was limited to avoid conflicts with the Soviet Union s foreign policy As a result it took neutral stances to stay out of great power conflicts and refrained from joining NATO the European Communities or other institutions which were established following the war by the Western democratic states as well as the Soviet led Warsaw Pact 6 During the peak of the Cold War the Finnish government made a conscious effort to increase defence capabilities to ensure a strong deterrent for any potential invasion From 1968 onward the Finnish government adopted the doctrine of territorial defence which requires the use of large land areas to delay and wear out a potential aggressor This was complemented by the concept of total defence which calls for the use of all resources of society for national defence in times of crisis Cooperation before joining Edit Finnish IFOR forces on a Sisu XA 180 in 1996 A Finnish Air Force F A 18 Hornet which is slated to be replaced by the F 35 Lightning II beginning in 2026 Finland has sent peacekeepers to Kosovo as part of the NATO led Kosovo Force In this image two Finnish soldiers are receiving a briefing from an Irish soldier Before joining NATO Finland participated in nearly all sub areas of the Partnership for Peace programme and provided peacekeeping forces to both the Afghanistan and Kosovo missions 7 The Finnish government s 1997 defense white paper strongly advocated the development of interoperability to support international crisis management in line with the PfP concept The 1998 2008 defense program began in May 1997 at the Spirit of PfP training in northern Norway 8 Finland maintained close relations with NATO and purchased from its members military equipment including F 35 Lightning II aircraft 9 Newly procured equipment was required to meet NATO standards since before Finland seriously pursued membership 10 Despite longstanding armanents cooperation with NATO upon accession it still retained non compatible materiel such as the RK 62 assualt rifle that would not be decommisioned until the the end of its lifecycle 11 Finland has participated in the US led BALTOPS exercises along with many NATO countries and other Partners for Peace shown here are Finnish soldiers taking part in BALTOPS 2009 in Sweden In April 2014 while Carl Haglund was Defence Minister the government announced that it was negotiating a memorandum of understanding with NATO fi on Finland s readiness to receive military assistance and to aid NATO in equipment maintenance He emphasized that this memorandum was not a step toward membership 12 The agreement signed in September 2014 allows NATO and Finland to hold joint exercises on Finnish soil and permits assistance from NATO members in situations such as disasters disruptions and threats to security 13 As such Finland and Sweden participated in the 2015 NATO led Arctic Challenge Exercise 14 Membership EditHistory Edit Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991 the threat posed to Finland s independence was diminished NATO emphasized its open door policy to admitting new members and many former Eastern Bloc and post Soviet states joined the alliance in the 1990s and 2000s Through subsequent governments the Finnish position was that joining NATO was unnecessary and it was preferable to retain an independent defence policy though if conditions changed the country had the right to exercise the option to join NATO 15 Removing barriers to effectively exercising the option to join an alliance for example by increasing interopability is a part of this policy 16 The country did move away from neutrality during this period though joining the European Union in 1995 which required adopting its Common Foreign and Security Policy The possibility of Finland s membership in NATO was one of the most important issues debated in relation to the Finnish presidential election of 2006 7 The main opposition candidate Sauli Niinisto of the National Coalition Party supported Finland joining a more European NATO 7 Fellow right winger Henrik Lax of the Swedish People s Party likewise supported the concept On the other side president Tarja Halonen of the Social Democratic Party opposed changing the status quo as did most other candidates in the election Her victory and re election to the post of president put the issue of a NATO membership for Finland on hold the duration of her term In 2007 Finland made various technical preparations of the Finnish Defence Forces for membership with the then Defence Minister Jyri Hakamies eager to pursue NATO membership The government preferred to wait until after the negotiations of the new EU treaty were concluded before reviewing their policy on NATO to determine if it included a new EU level defence agreement 17 Finnish think tank EVA fi which has regularly commissioned opinion polls on NATO membership noted in its 2015 report a downward trend in the percent opposed that started in 1998 including a steep decline after the 2012 presidential election 18 In March 2014 during Russia s annexation of Crimea one survey showed only 22 percent supported membership though a second showed that 53 percent would support membership if Finnish leadership recommended it 19 Support for a military alliance with neighbor Sweden was also high at 54 percent 20 and Finland could possibly seek an enlarged role for NORDEFCO 21 Finnish Minister of Defence Carl Haglund suggested that a referendum on NATO membership could be held sometime after the 2015 parliamentary election 22 Prime Minister Sanna Marin and President Sauli Niinisto at the press conference announcing Finland s intent to apply to NATO on 15 May 2022 In January 2022 Prime Minister Sanna Marin said that Finland reserved the option of applying NATO membership if it chooses to do so but she said it was very unlikely it would happen during her term as prime minister 23 24 On 24 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine she reiterated that while Finland was not currently facing an immediate military threat joining NATO was still a possibility noting that the debate on NATO membership in Finland will change 25 On 25 February a Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson threatened Finland and Sweden with military and political consequences if they attempted to join NATO Both countries had attended the emergency NATO summit as members of NATO s Partnership for Peace and both had condemned the invasion and had provided assistance to Ukraine 26 Following a meeting on 1 March 2022 to discuss whether to apply to become full members of NATO Prime Minister Sanna Marin stated that no decision had been made on the issue yet saying that such an important question needs to be dealt with thoroughly 27 Opinion polling following the invasion showed an unprecedented increase in support for joining NATO among Finns with a clear majority in favour 28 Several citizens initiatives on the subject got the required 50 000 signatures requiring the Parliament of Finland to consider the matter 29 30 31 President Niinisto characterised the polling as demonstrating sufficient popular support for an application 32 Prime Minister Marin suggested that the decision process must be concluded in the spring and in a matter of weeks not months 33 34 On 13 April 2022 the Ministry for Foreign Affairs produced a report on the international security landscape and on the foreign and defence policy options available to Finland which is expected to form the basis of the debate on NATO membership 35 The report identifies that the Russian invasion has changed the long term European security environment and made it more difficult to predict and act in the near term 36 It does not explicitly take a position on NATO membership but does state that the present security arrangements are insufficient and that membership would increase stability although there is no immediate threat As a member Finland would not be obliged to accept foreign bases or the presence of nuclear weapons on its territory 37 Finland s defence budget would rise by 1 to 1 5 38 Helsingin Sanomat assessed it as a positive evaluation of NATO membership 37 On 14 April 2022 the flag of Finland was raised simultaneously at NATO s Headquarters in Brussels at SHAPE in Mons and at the JFC NF headquarters in Norfolk Virginia while the Finnish national anthem was playing 39 European Union membership Edit Accession of Finland to the European Union in 1995 Map showing European membership of the EU and NATO EU member only NATO member only member of both Finland became a member of the European Union in 1995 Since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 the EU mutual solidarity clause applies to Finland along with other EU member states If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States Article 42 7 of the consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union Article 42 2 specifies that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self defence for EU member states that are also NATO members The other EU member states that are outside NATO and consequently resort to the EU s Common Security and Defence Policy CSDP which has a much smaller structures and capabilities than NATO s command structure for the implementation of collective self defence are Austria Cyprus Ireland Malta and Sweden Political positions Edit Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the National Coalition Party and Swedish People s Party of Finland supported NATO membership and the other parties were neutral or opposed to varying degrees In 2016 the party conference of the National Coalition Party agreed that Finland should apply for membership in the next few years 40 In the vision of the Swedish People s Party of Finland set out in the same year Finland will be a NATO member in 2025 41 Many individual politicians have advocated for NATO as well including the current President Sauli Niinisto and former Prime Minister Alexander Stubb 42 as well as former President Martti Ahtisaari 7 43 who has argued that Finland should join all the organizations supported by other Western democracies in order to shrug off once and for all the burden of Finlandization 44 Two other former presidents from the Social Democratic Party Tarja Halonen and Mauno Koivisto have publicly opposed the idea arguing that NATO membership would deteriorate Finland s relations with Russia 45 The Left Alliance has been the party most opposed to joining NATO when they entered into coalition with the SDP in 2019 they made clear that any movement toward a military alliance would lead to the Left Alliance leaving the cabinet The party s position changed following the invasion with chair Li Andersson calling for a thoughtful society wide discussion and evaluation of the possibility of applying to join NATO 46 and later confirming that the party had decided not to resign from the government if an application is submitted 47 After the invasion and a large change in popular opinion the leadership of the Center Party and Finns Party also changed position to support NATO membership 48 49 NATO opinion Edit NATO has consistently maintained its open door policy 50 Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg expected that the member states would warmly welcome Finland as a member of NATO 51 He has said that Finnish membership would make NATO stronger identifying the country s military capability and commitment to remaining a democratic society as assets 52 Foreign opinion Edit See also Finland Russia relations The border between Finland and Russia is about 1 340 km 833 mi long 53 The car traffic on the Finnish side at the Nuijamaa Border Crossing Point in Nuijamaa Lappeenranta South Karelia in September 2017 Finland has received critical feedback from Russia for considering the possibility of joining NATO 54 with a 2009 study suggesting this could have repercussions for Russia s relations with the EU and NATO as a whole 55 Following the 2008 Russo Georgian War Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen reiterated that Finland had no plans to join NATO and stated that the main lesson of the war was the need for closer ties to Russia 56 In a June 2014 interview in the Finnish newspaper Hufvudstadsbladet Vladimir Putin s personal envoy Sergey Alexandrovich Markov accused Finland of extreme Russophobia and suggested that Finland joining NATO could start World War III 57 In July 2016 Putin stated on a visit to Finland that Russia would increase the number of troops on the Finnish border if Finland were to join NATO He also warned that NATO would fight to the last Finn against Russia 58 59 After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the radical shift in Finnish positions toward joining NATO Maria Zakharova and Dmitry Medvedev warned that joining NATO would have consequences for Finland including the deployment of nuclear weapons 60 Russian newspaper Izvestia reported that the Finnish lease on the Saimaa canal may be terminated 61 According to Hanna Smith fi Director of Research at the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats the rapidity of Finnish movement into NATO has surprised Russia She predicted that Russia will begin a hybrid campaign to influence the Finnish decision process including cyber attacks with increasing escalation if Finland moves closer to membership 62 Russia has halted providing natural gas to neighbouring Finland after the Nordic country refused to pay supplier Gazprom in rubles Russia s leading exporter of electricity to the Nordic market RAO Nordic has announced that it has decided to cut electricity supplies to Finland due to payment arrears Polling Edit Polls asking the Finnish public whether they support or oppose joining NATO have been regularly conducted This table includes only unconditional questions other polled topics include support for joining NATO should Sweden also join and support for joining NATO if the Finnish government officially recommends membership both of which generally increased public support for joining 63 According to Helsingin Sanomat s data between 20 26 June 2022 70 said Finland would not meet Turkey s demands and 14 that it would 64 According to Ilta Sanomat s data between January 30 and February 1 53 of Finnish respondents said they wanted to join NATO without waiting for Sweden to join together 28 said they wanted to wait to join NATO with Sweden and 19 were undecided 65 Polls on Finnish membership of NATO Datesconducted Pollster Client Samplesize Support Oppose Neutralor DK Lead12 Nov 22 Dec 1995 66 Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1128 17 81 24 65 26 Feb 14 Mar 1996 67 Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1025 16 81 23 65 17 27 Oct 1997 68 Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1017 17 79 24 63 16 28 Oct 1998 69 Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1036 32 48 20 16 15 Oct 2 Nov 1999 70 Taloustutkimus Verkkouutiset 1013 16 73 12 57 21 Nov 2000 18 Jan 2001 71 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2214 20 52 28 32 3 Dec 2002 29 Jan 2003 72 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2133 18 56 26 38 26 Nov 2003 16 Jan 2004 73 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1310 20 55 25 35 24 Nov 2004 20 Jan 2005 74 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2264 22 53 25 31 29 Nov 2005 25 Jan 2006 75 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1218 20 51 29 31 27 Nov 2006 19 Jan 2007 76 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 1923 20 52 28 32 7 Aug 2008 Russia invades Georgia17 Oct 4 Nov 2008 77 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 980 28 60 12 32 2 Jan 4 Feb 2009 78 Yhdyskuntatutkimus EVA 2346 24 48 28 24 24 Sep 11 Oct 2010 79 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1017 25 68 7 43 21 Nov 11 Dec 2011 80 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 965 20 70 10 50 12 23 Jan 2012 81 Taloustutkimus EVA 1271 14 65 21 51 18 30 Jan 2013 82 Taloustutkimus EVA 2023 18 55 27 37 14 30 Jan 2014 83 Taloustutkimus EVA 2052 18 51 30 33 16 Mar 2014 Russia s annexation of Crimea26 Sep 12 Oct 2014 84 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1023 30 60 10 30 9 22 Jan 2015 85 Taloustutkimus EVA 2056 26 43 32 17 5 23 Nov 2015 86 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1005 27 58 15 31 8 19 Jan 2016 87 Taloustutkimus EVA 2040 27 46 27 19 22 Sep 11 Oct 2016 88 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1000 25 61 14 36 16 27 Oct 2017 89 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 22 59 19 37 29 Nov 5 Dec 2017 90 Taloustutkimus Yle News 1005 19 53 28 34 24 Sep 4 Oct 2018 91 Taloustutkimus EVA 2073 23 46 31 23 21 Sep 7 Oct 2018 92 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1034 20 59 21 39 20 29 Nov 2019 93 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1002 20 56 24 36 16 Sep 6 Oct 2020 94 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1169 21 53 25 32 16 28 Oct 2020 95 Taloustutkimus EVA 2019 22 45 32 23 15 Sep 5 Oct 2021 96 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1001 24 51 24 27 24 Sep 10 Oct 2021 97 Taloustutkimus EVA 2042 26 40 33 14 3 16 Jan 2022 98 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1003 28 42 30 14 13 21 Jan 2022 99 Taloustutkimus MTV News 1005 30 43 27 13 24 Feb 2022 Russia invades Ukraine23 25 Feb 2022 100 Taloustutkimus Yle 1382 53 28 19 25 28 Feb 3 Mar 2022 101 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 501 48 27 26 21 9 11 Mar 2022 102 Taloustutkimus Yle 1378 62 16 19 46 4 15 Mar 2022 103 Taloustutkimus EVA 2074 60 19 21 41 11 16 Mar 2022 104 Kantar TNS Maaseudun Tulevaisuus 1059 61 16 23 45 18 23 Mar 2022 105 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1062 54 21 25 33 28 30 Mar 2022 106 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1080 61 16 23 45 6 11 Apr 2022 107 Corefiner MTV 1863 68 12 20 56 8 13 Apr 2022 108 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1057 59 17 24 42 22 27 Apr 2022 109 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1062 65 13 22 52 7 Apr 3 May 2022 110 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1002 68 15 17 53 4 6 May 2022 111 Taloustutkimus Yle 1270 76 12 11 64 9 10 May 2022 112 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1002 73 12 15 61 20 26 Jun 2022 113 Kantar TNS Helsingin Sanomat 1003 79 10 11 69 14 Sep 2 Oct 2022 114 Taloustutkimus Advisory Board for Defence Information Ministry of Defence 1033 85 12 3 73 19 31 Oct 2022 115 Taloustutkimus EVA 2088 78 8 14 70 30 Jan 1 Feb 2023 116 Taloustutkimus Iltasanomat 1021 82 8 10 74 Application Edit This article documents a current event Information may change rapidly as the event progresses and initial news reports may be unreliable The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Accession of Finland to NATOProtocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of FinlandFinnish Poytakirja Pohjois Atlantin sopimukseen Suomen tasavallan liittymisestaSwedish Protokoll till Nordatlantiska fordraget om Republiken Finlands anslutning NATO members Finland Simultaneous NATO applicant Sweden TypeAccession treatySigned5 July 2022 2022 07 05 LocationBrussels BelgiumEffective4 April 2023 2023 04 04 ConditionEntry into force of the accession treaty after ratification by all current NATO members Membership of Finland starts after deposit of its instrument of accession after the treaty has entered into force Ratifiers30 30DepositaryUnited StatesLanguagesEnglish and FrenchFurther information Suomen Nato jasenhakemus on the Finnish Wikipedia in Finnish Finnish and Swedish ambassadors submit their applications to join NATO to Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg Magdalena Andersson on the left Sanna Marin and Olaf Scholz held talks about potential NATO membership for Finland and Sweden in spring 2022 Finnish president Sauli Niinisto attended the 2022 Madrid summit On 12 May 2022 Finnish president Sauli Niinisto and prime minister Sanna Marin announced in a joint press conference that they were in favour of seeking NATO membership without delay 117 On 15 May 2022 Niinisto and Marin announced that the president and Ministerial Committee on Foreign and Security Policy had adopted a report endorsing Finland joining NATO beginning the formal constitutional process of applying 118 A Finnish application had been anticipated following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine degrading the European security environment and a significant shift in Finnish public opinion on the desirability of membership 119 120 The government s proposal to join was approved in parliament by 188 votes to 8 on 17 May 121 The next day Finland submitted an official application to NATO in Brussels jointly with Sweden the organisation considered the applications and then negotiations began 122 Negotiations were expected to take weeks after which Finland would participate in NATO activities at all levels on a provisional basis during the ratification period 52 With negotiations concluded and a reconfirmation of the applicant s intent to join the accession protocol needed ratification by all the existing NATO member states 123 this was estimated to take between four months and a year 124 After ratification was completed the Parliament of Finland needed to pass an Act to formally bring the accession into force 123 During the interval between initiating an application and membership entering into force Finland was at risk 125 Jens Stoltenberg NATO Secretary General said that Finland could join the alliance very quickly and that there would be some degree of protection for Finland during that period 51 Non binding security promises were received from the United Kingdom 126 and the United States 127 and the other reports claimed that further promises would be received from the other Nordic countries 128 as well as France and Germany 129 Croatia s president Zoran Milanovic has stated that his country should block ratification of Finland s accession until electoral reform measures are implemented in neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina though the Foreign Minister has expressed the government s support for any application 130 The European Union announced its support for Finland and Sweden s NATO membership 131 Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan voiced his opposition to Finland and Sweden joining NATO saying that it would be impossible for Turkey to support their application while the two countries allow groups which Turkey classifies as terrorist organizations including the Kurdish militant groups Kurdistan Workers Party PKK Kurdistan Communities Union KCK Democratic Union Party Syria PYD and People s Defense Units YPG and the supporters of Fethullah Gulen a US based Muslim cleric accused by Turkey of orchestrating a failed 2016 Turkish coup d etat attempt to operate on their territory 118 132 133 The PKK is on the European Union s list of terrorist organizations 134 Turkey has requested the extradition of alleged PKK members from the Nordic countries and demanded the arms embargo imposed by the Finnish and Swedish governments in response to its operations against the YPG in Syria be lifted 135 Turkey s demands for extradition of Kurdish and other political dissidents has been met with hostility by Kurdish activists and some human rights organizations due to Turkey s poor human rights record and suppression of the Kurdish minority in Turkey 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 excessive citations On 17 May 2022 German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called on Turkey to approve Finland and Sweden s NATO membership 143 On 18 May 2022 Turkey quickly prevented Finland and Sweden from starting NATO membership negotiations 144 On 19 May 2022 Finland and Sweden announced that they could address Turkey s security concerns 145 On the same day Finnish President Sauli Niinisto and Former Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson announced that they were always ready for talks with Turkey and always condemned terrorism 146 On 21 May 2022 Finnish President Sauli Niinisto after a phone call with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated that Finland is ready for dialogue with Turkey on NATO membership and has always condemned terrorism 147 On 24 May Finland and Sweden sent a delegation to meet with Turkey Jukka Salovaara from Finland Oscar Stenstrom from Sweden Ibrahim Kalin and Sedat Onal from Turkey served in the memorandum negotiations 148 149 Opposition parties CHP and HDP in Turkey announced that they support the membership of Finland and Sweden 150 151 The ruling parties in Turkey the AKP and MHP announced that they would not support the membership of Finland and Sweden 152 153 Finnish President Niinisto said that he had earlier received favourable response including from Erdogan and foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu about Finland s membership 154 Niinisto and Haavisto urged patience 118 while Jussi Halla aho chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee fi suggested that Turkey wished to draw attention to Swedish policies rather than to Finland s 155 Niinisto stated in June that his country would not move forward with their application without Sweden and that the two countries would join NATO hand in hand 156 Speaking later Ibrahim Kalin spokesman for Erdogan said that approving Finnish membership was not being ruled out but that the status of these groups was a matter of national security for Turkey and that negotiation would be required 157 After Kalin s statement Erdogan reiterated his threat to block Finland s and Sweden s membership applications 158 NATO leadership and the United States said they were confident Turkey would not hold up the two countries accession process Canadian Foreign Minister Melanie Joly also held talks with Turkey to convince the Turkish government of the need for the two Nordic nations integration 159 On May 21 Erdogan and Sauli Niinisto had a phone call to discuss Finland s NATO bid Niinisto reiterated Finland s condemnation of terrorism in all forms 160 161 162 Kalin stated after the first meeting in Ankara that the process would not progress until Turkey s expectations were met and they did not feel any time pressure on them 163 After a delegation consisting of Swedish and Finnish diplomats held talks on the matter with its Turkish counterparts Erdogan repeated that he would not consent to their accession bid as the same day the talks were held in Ankara Salih Muslim who is considered a terrorist by Erdogan appeared on Swedish television 164 165 Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahceli suggested that a scenario in which Turkey would leave NATO should be considered an option 166 in which case a new military alliance could be founded 167 In late May 2022 opposition leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu argued that in case the accession row persisted and AKP and MHP decided to close the Incirlik Air Base the CHP would support this 167 At the 2022 Madrid summit on 28 June Niinisto Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson and Erdogan signed an agreement to address Turkey s security concerns 168 169 and Niinisto announced that Turkey had agreed to support membership of NATO for Finland and Sweden 170 The accession process began the following day with the unanimous agreement of NATO members to formally invite the countries to join Negotiations were held on 4 July 2022 and the Accession Protocols were signed in Brussels on 5 July 2022 1 However Erdogan reiterated his threat to veto their membership stating that he expected the applicant countries to meet their obligations under the agreement before Turkey s parliament would consider approving their accession protocol 171 Finland Sweden and Turkey held their first trilateral memorandum meeting on 26 August 2022 in Vantaa Finland 172 173 The second memorandum meeting between Finland Sweden and Turkey was held on 25 November 2022 in Stockholm Sweden 174 175 The third meeting of the Finland Sweden and Turkey tripartite memorandum meeting will be held on 9 March 2023 in Brussels the capital of Belgium 176 177 needs update Turkey has announced that it will not approve NATO membership in the Turkish Grand National Assembly if Finland and Sweden do not fulfill their triple memorandum commitments 178 On 8 December 2022 at a press conference he gave with his Turkish counterpart Hulusi Akar during his visit to Turkey Finnish Defense Minister Antti Kaikkonen stated that Finland has always condemned terrorism and that Finland is in full solidarity with Turkey in the fight against terrorism 179 180 On 26 August 2022 Jukka Salovaara chief negotiator responsible for Finland s NATO membership said in a statement after the tripartite memorandum meeting in Vantaa that they are in deep consensus with Turkey 181 By November Finland s NATO membership had been ratified by 28 out of 30 member states with only Hungary and Turkey yet to complete their procedures During the process of application Sweden held elections resulting in a center right government that pledged to continue the NATO process reaffirming a united front with Finland s application and suggesting that they would be more able to meet Turkish requirements 182 On 24 November 2022 Hungary s Prime Minister Viktor Orban announced that he supported Sweden and Finland s accession to NATO promising Hungary will ratify NATO membership in January 183 Later on 13 December Gergely Gulyas Orban s chief of staff stated that the Hungarian legislature would start debating the ratification process of Sweden and Finland s NATO accession on 20 February 2023 184 needs update On 8 January 2023 Finland s Minister of Foreign Affairs Pekka Haavisto told reporters that Finland is not in such a rush to join NATO that we can t wait for Sweden to get the green light Haavisto also stated that representatives from the Swedish and Finnish parliaments are expected to visit Ankara in January needs update with another meeting between the three countries scheduled for the spring 185 On January 23 2023 Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar announced that Turkey had fully fulfilled the Turkey Finland Sweden tripartite memorandum while Finland and Sweden did not and that Turkey expected them to comply 186 On 24 January 2023 Haavisto announced that the trilateral memorandum talks with Finland Sweden and Turkey would likely be suspended until after the parliamentary and presidential elections in Turkey 187 Finland Sweden and Turkey tripartite memorandum meetings were canceled indefinitely upon Turkey s request The third meeting of the Finland Sweden and Turkey tripartite memorandum was to be held in Brussels the capital of Belgium in February 188 needs update On 1 February 2023 President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced that Turkey had a positive view of Finland s NATO membership but not Sweden s NATO membership due to Sweden allowing a demonstration by far right politician Rasmus Paludan where he had burnt the Quran 189 In March 2023 Jens Stoltenberg pushed for Hungary and Turkey to finalize the accession of Finland and Sweden by the July summit 190 On 15 March Finnish President Sauli Niinisto announced that Turkey had made a decision on Finland s application and had invited him to meet with President Erdogan in Istanbul with both Erdogan and Turkish officials indicating that Finland s application would be approved Turkish officials stated that it was highly likely that Finland s application would be approved in mid April prior to the Turkish general election Turkish officials also stated that Finland s bid would be approved independently from that of Sweden 191 Erdogan publicly announced on 17 March that he would drop his opposition to Finland joining the military alliance stating a goal of formalizing the ratification of Finland s entry into NATO prior to the 2023 Turkish general election 192 From left to right Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin Vice President of the United States Kamala Harris and Swedish prime minister Ulf Kristersson at the 59th Munich Security Conference On 1 March 2023 the Parliament of Finland approved Finland s accession to NATO by a vote of 184 in favor and 7 opposed 193 On 23 March 2023 the President of Finland Sauli Niinisto gave the presidential assent by signing the Finnish ratification 194 On 17 March 2023 it was announced that Hungary s legislature would vote on the ratification of Finland s NATO accession on 27 March 2023 and that parliamentarians of the ruling party Fidesz would unanimously support Finland s accession to NATO 195 On 27 March 2023 the Hungarian parliament approved Finland s bid 196 On 31 March 2023 the Turkish parliament approved Finland s NATO accession clearing its way to join the alliance 197 On 1 April 2023 Erdogan formally signed and approved the Turkish parliament s decision to ratify Finnish NATO membership 198 Finland became an official member of the alliance on 4 April 2023 exactly 74 years after the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty which established NATO 4 Reacting to Finland s accession Russia said it would increase its forces along the Finland Russia border if NATO sends troops to Finland 5 Stoltenberg said there would be no NATO troops stationed in Finland without the consent of the Finnish government 4 Timeline of Finnish collaboration with NATO Event Date ReferencePartnership for Peace 9 May 1994 199 Application submitted 18 May 2022 200 Invitation to join 29 June 2022 201 Accession protocol 5 July 2022 202 Domestic ratification 23 March 2023 194 Treaty in force 4 April 2023 203 Full membership 4 April 2023 204 President Biden signing the Instruments of Ratification to approve Finland and Sweden s membership in NATO on 9 August 2022 US Secretary of State Antony Blinken deposits the US Instruments of Ratification with the Depositary for the North Atlantic Treaty in August 2022 President Niinisto signed and confirmed the laws regarding Finland s NATO membership approved by the Finnish parliament on 23 March 2023 The flag of Finland is raised at NATO headquarters in Brussels on 4 April 2023Ratification process Edit Member assent to Finnish membership in NATO Signatory Date Institution AB Deposited 203 Albania 7 July 2022 205 Parliament 114 0 0 11 August 202210 July 2022 206 Presidential assent Granted Belgium 20 July 2022 207 Chamber of Representatives 121 11 0 11 August 202221 July 2022 208 Royal assent Granted Bulgaria 13 July 2022 209 National Assembly 195 11 0 9 August 202218 July 2022 210 Presidential assent Granted Canada 5 July 2022 211 Government a Granted 5 July 2022 Croatia 15 July 2022 213 Parliament 124 3 0 25 August 202219 July 2022 214 Presidential assent Granted Czech Republic 27 August 2022 215 Chamber of Deputies 134 4 14 19 September 202210 August 2022 216 Senate 64 0 131 August 2022 217 Presidential assent Granted Denmark 7 June 2022 218 Folketing 95 0 0 5 July 2022 Estonia 6 July 2022 219 Riigikogu 79 0 3 22 July 20226 July 2022 220 Presidential assent Granted France 2 August 2022 221 National Assembly 209 46 53 16 August 202221 July 2022 222 Senate 323 17 85 August 2022 223 Presidential assent Granted Germany 8 July 2022 224 Bundestag Passed b 20 July 20228 July 2022 225 Bundesrat Passed c 11 July 2022 226 Presidential assent Granted Greece 15 September 2022 227 Parliament Passed d 14 October 202215 September 2022 229 Presidential promulgation Granted Hungary 27 March 2023 230 National Assembly 182 6 0 31 March 202328 March 2023 231 Presidential assent Granted Iceland 7 June 2022 232 Althing 44 0 5 6 July 20225 July 2022 233 Presidential assent Granted Italy 2 August 2022 234 Chamber of Deputies 398 20 9 17 August 20223 August 2022 235 Senate 202 13 25 August 2022 236 Presidential assent Granted Latvia 14 July 2022 237 Saeima 77 0 0 22 July 202215 July 2022 238 Presidential assent Granted Lithuania 20 July 2022 239 Seimas 113 0 0 4 August 202220 July 2022 239 Presidential assent Granted Luxembourg 12 July 2022 240 Chamber of Deputies 58 0 2 9 August 202222 July 2022 241 Grand Ducal promulgation Granted Montenegro 28 July 2022 242 Parliament 57 2 11 13 September 20221 August 2022 243 Presidential assent Granted Netherlands 7 July 2022 244 House of Representatives 142 8 0 20 July 202212 July 2022 245 Senate 71 1 013 July 2022 246 Royal promulgation Granted North Macedonia 27 July 2022 247 Assembly 103 2 0 22 August 202227 July 2022 248 Presidential assent Granted Norway 16 June 2022 249 Storting 98 4 0 7 July 202222 June 2022 250 Royal assent Granted Poland 7 July 2022 251 Sejm 440 1 e 1 3 August 202220 July 2022 253 Senate 98 0 022 July 2022 254 Presidential assent Granted Portugal 16 September 2022 255 Assembly 219 11 0 11 October 202219 September 2022 256 Presidential assent Granted Romania 20 July 2022 257 Chamber of Deputies 227 0 3 22 August 202220 July 2022 258 Senate 94 0 022 July 2022 259 Presidential assent Granted Slovakia 27 September 2022 260 National Council 126 15 1 4 October 202228 September 2022 261 Presidential assent Granted Slovenia 14 July 2022 262 National Assembly 76 5 0 24 August 202222 July 2022 263 Presidential assent Granted Spain 15 September 2022 264 Congress of Deputies 290 11 47 6 October 202221 September 2022 265 Senate 245 1 1727 September 2022 266 Royal assent Granted Turkey 30 March 2023 267 Grand National Assembly 276 0 0 4 April 202331 March 2023 268 Presidential assent legislative Granted1 April 2023 269 270 Presidential assent executive Granted United Kingdom 5 July 2022 271 Government f Granted 8 July 2022 United States 3 August 2022 273 Senate 95 1 1 18 August 20229 August 2022 274 Presidential assent GrantedFinnish actions in NATO accession Signatory Date Institution AB Deposited Finland 17 May 2022 121 Parliament motion on application 188 8 3 4 April 2023 204 1 March 2023 193 Parliament accession 184 7 823 March 2023 194 Presidential assent accession GrantedNote According to Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Melanie Joly Under the Canadian system the government the executive branch has jurisdiction and there s no need to go through Parliament to secure ratification 212 The vote was taken by party rather than as a full recorded vote In favor SPD The Greens FDP CDU CSU AfD Against The Left 224 Unanimous consent The vote was taken by party rather than as a full recorded vote In favor ND SYRIZA PASOK KINAL Against KKE Greek Solution MeRA25 228 Robert Winnicki Confederation later released a statement saying that he had erroneously opposed the proposition believing it to be a vote on a different item of legislation 252 Winnicki had voted to approve Sweden s accession on the same day In the United Kingdom there is no requirement for a formal law approving of treaties before their ratification but the Ponsonby Rule is that they are laid before Parliament with an explanatory memorandum 272 Member state relations Edit Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United StatesSee also Edit Politics portalForeign relations of Finland Foreign relations of NATO Enlargement of NATO Partnership for Peace European Union NATO relations Finland Sweden 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a call with the Pres niinisto who thanked me for s support We agreed to strengthen the relationship btw amp I hope that the Parliament will soon take the same wise decision on the accession of Tweet Retrieved 28 March 2023 via Twitter Orlygsdottir Urdir 7 June 2022 Althingi hlynnt inngongu Finna og Svia i NATO RUV Archived from the original on 14 June 2022 Retrieved 6 July 2022 IcelandInUS 6 July 2022 YESTERDAY hingolfsson along with NATO Allies signed the Accession Protocols for amp in Brussels TODAY in DC BEllertsdottir handed over these documents to the US Government StateDept Thank you Doug Jones amp Francis Holleran Tweet Retrieved 6 July 2022 via Twitter XVIII Legislatura Lavori Progetti di legge Scheda del progetto di legge Ratifica ed esecuzione dei Protocolli al Trattato del Nord Atlantico sull adesione della Repubblica di Finlandia e del Regno di Svezia fatti a Bruxelles il 5 luglio 2022 www camera it in Italian Archived from the original on 19 November 2022 Retrieved 2 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Nordic friends to ensure our collective security Tweet Retrieved 12 July 2022 via Twitter Legilux legilux public lu Archived from the original on 24 July 2022 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Skupstina Crne Gore PDF Skupstina Crne Gore Archived PDF from the original on 29 July 2022 Retrieved 29 July 2022 sp, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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