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Storting

The Storting (Norwegian: Stortinget [ˈstûːʈɪŋə]; lit.'the Great Thing') is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. It is located in Oslo. The unicameral parliament has 169 members and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation in nineteen multi-seat constituencies. A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a stortingsrepresentant, literally "Storting representative".[1]

Parliament of Norway

Stortinget
166th Storting
Type
Type
Term limits
4 years
Established1814
Leadership
Structure
Seats169 (85 needed for majority)
Political groups
Government (76)
  •   Labour Party (48)
  •   Centre Party (28)

Opposition (93)

Committees
Elections
Open list proportional representation
Modified Sainte-Laguë method
Last election
13 September 2021
Next election
2025
Meeting place
Hemicycle of the Parliament of Norway Building
Oslo, Norway
Website
stortinget.no
Constitution
Constitution of Norway

The assembly is led by a president and, since 2009, five vice presidents: the presidium. The members are allocated to twelve standing committees as well as four procedural committees. Three ombudsmen are directly subordinate to parliament: the Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee and the Office of the Auditor General.

Parliamentarianism was established in 1884, with the Storting operating a form of "qualified unicameralism", in which it divided its membership into two internal chambers making Norway a de facto bicameral parliament, the Lagting and the Odelsting.[2] Following a constitutional amendment in 2007, this was abolished, taking effect following the 2009 election.[3]

Following the 2021 election, ten parties are represented in parliament: the Labour Party (48), the Conservative Party (36), the Centre Party (28), the Progress Party (21), the Socialist Left Party (13), the Red Party (8), the Liberal Party (8), the Christian Democratic Party (3), the Green Party (3), and the Patient Focus Party (1). Since 2021, Masud Gharahkhani has been President of the Storting.

History edit

The parliament in its present form was first constituted at Eidsvoll in 1814, although its origins can be traced back to the allting, as early as the 9th century, a type of thing, or common assembly of free men in Germanic societies that would gather at a place called a thingstead and were presided over by lawspeakers. The alltings were where legal and political matters were discussed. These gradually were formalised so that the things grew into regional meetings and acquired backing and authority from the Crown, even to the extent that on occasions they were instrumental in effecting change in the monarchy itself.

As oral laws became codified and Norway unified as a geopolitical entity in the 10th century, the lagtings ("law things") were established as superior regional assemblies. During the mid-13th century, the by then archaic regional assemblies, the Frostating, the Gulating, the Eidsivating and the Borgarting, were amalgamated and the corpus of law was set down under the command of King Magnus Lagabøte. This jurisdiction remained significant until King Frederick III proclaimed absolute monarchy in 1660; this was ratified by the passage of the King Act of 1665, and this became the constitution of the Union of Denmark and Norway and remained so until 1814 and the foundation of the Storting.

The Parliament of Norway Building opened in 1866.

World War II edit

On 27 June 1940 the presidium signed an appeal to King Haakon, seeking his abdication.[4] (The presidium then consisted of the presidents and vice-presidents of parliament, Odelstinget and Lagtinget.[5] Ivar Lykke stepped in (according to mandate) in place of the president in exile, C. J. Hambro;[6] Lykke was one [of the six] who signed.[4])

In September 1940 the representatives were summoned to Oslo, and voted in favour of the results of the negotiations between the presidium and the authorities of the German invaders.[4] (92 voted for, and 53 voted against.)[4] However, directives from Adolf Hitler resulted in the obstruction of "the agreement of cooperation between parliament and [the] occupation force".[4]

Qualified unicameralism (1814–2009) edit

The Storting has always been de jure unicameral, but before a constitutional amendment in 2009 it was de facto bicameral. After an election, the Storting would elect a quarter of its membership to form the Lagting, a sort of "upper house" or revising chamber, with the remaining three-quarters forming the Odelsting or "lower house".[3] The division was also used on very rare occasions in cases of impeachment. The original idea in 1814 was probably to have the Lagting act as an actual upper house, and the senior and more experienced members of the Storting were placed there. Later, however, the composition of the Lagting closely followed that of the Odelsting, so that there was very little that differentiated them, and the passage of a bill in the Lagting was mostly a formality.

 
Lagting Hall, which also serves as the meeting room for the Christian Democratic Party's parliamentary group. The Lagting was discontinued in 2009.

Bills were submitted by the Government to the Odelsting or by a member of the Odelsting; members of the Lagting were not permitted to propose legislation by themselves. A standing committee, with members from both the Odelsting and Lagting, would then consider the bill, and in some cases hearings were held. If passed by the Odelsting, the bill would be sent to the Lagting for review or revision. Most bills were passed unamended by the Lagting and then sent directly to the king for royal assent. If the Lagting amended the Odelsting's draft, the bill would be sent back to the Odelsting. If the Odelsting approved the Lagting's amendments, the bill would be signed into law by the King.[7] If it did not, then the bill would return to the Lagting. If the Lagting still proposed amendments, the bill would be submitted to a plenary session of the Storting. To be passed, the bill required the approval of a two-thirds majority of the plenary session. In all other cases a simple majority would suffice.[8] Three days had to pass between each time a chamber voted on a bill.[7] In all other cases, such as taxes and appropriations, the Storting would meet in plenary session.

A proposal to amend the constitution and abolish the Odelsting and Lagting was introduced in 2004 and was passed by the Storting on 20 February 2007 (159–1 with nine absentees).[9] It took effect with the newly elected Storting in 2009.[10]

Number of seats edit

The number of seats in the Storting has varied over the years. In 1882 there were 114 seats, increasing to 117 in 1903, 123 in 1906, 126 in 1918, 150 in 1921, 155 in 1973, 157 in 1985, 165 in 1989, and 169 as of 2005.

Procedure edit

Legislative edit

 
Interpellation (spørretimen) being held inside the hemicycle of the building

The legislative procedure goes through five stages. First, a bill is introduced to parliament either by a member of government or, in the case of a private member's bill, by any individual representative. Parliament will refer the bill to the relevant standing committee, where it will be subjected to detailed consideration in the committee stage. The first reading takes place when parliament debates the recommendation from the committee, and then takes a vote. If the bill is dismissed, the procedure ends. The second reading takes place at least three days after the first reading, in which parliament debates the bill again. A new vote is taken, and if successful, the bill is submitted to the King in Council for royal assent. If parliament comes to a different conclusion during the second reading, a third reading will be held at least three days later, repeating the debate and vote, and may adopt the amendments from the second reading or finally dismiss the bill.

Royal assent edit

Once the bill has reached the King in Council, the bill must be signed by the monarch and countersigned by the prime minister. It then becomes Norwegian law from the date stated in the Act or decided by the government.

Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian constitution specifically grant the King of Norway the right to withhold Royal Assent from any bill passed by the Storting.[11] This right has never been exercised by any Norwegian monarch since the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 (though it was exercised by Swedish monarchs before then when they ruled Norway). Should the king ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be overridden if the Storting passes the same bill after a general election:

"If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting, constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting, without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption, and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which, after the most mature deliberation, the Storting considers to be beneficial, it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess."[11]

Organisation edit

Presidium edit

The presidium is chaired by the President of the Storting, consisting of the president and five vice presidents of the Storting. The system with five vice presidents was implemented in 2009. Before this there was a single holder of the office.[12][13]

Position Representative Party
President Masud Gharahkhani Labour
First Vice President Svein Harberg Conservative
Second Vice President Nils T. Bjørke Centre
Third Vice President Morten Wold Progress
Fourth Vice President Kari Henriksen Labour
Fifth Vice President Ingrid Fiskaa Socialist Left

Standing committees edit

The members of parliament are allocated into twelve standing committees, of which eleven are related to specific political topics. The last is the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs. The standing committees have a portfolio that covers that of one or more government ministers.[14]

Other committees edit

There are four other committees, that run parallel to the standing committees. The Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs consists of members of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, the presidium, and the parliamentary leaders. The committee discusses important issues related to foreign affairs, trade policy, and national safety with the government. Discussions are confidential. The European Committee consists of the members of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence and the parliamentary delegation to the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). The committee conducts discussions with the government regarding directives from the European Union.

The Election Committee consists of 37 members, and is responsible for internal elections within the parliament, as well as delegating and negotiating party and representative allocation within the presidium, standing committees, and other committees. The Preparatory Credentials Committee has 16 members and is responsible for approving the election.

Appointed agencies edit

Five public agencies are appointed by parliament rather than by the government. The Office of the Auditor General is the auditor of all branches of the public administration and is responsible for auditing, monitoring and advising all state economic activities. The Parliamentary Ombudsman is an ombudsman responsible for public administration. It can investigate any public matter that has not been processed by an elected body, the courts, or within the military. The Ombudsman for the Armed Forces is an ombudsman responsible for the military. The Ombudsman for Civilian National Servicemen is responsible for people serving civilian national service. The Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee is a seven-member body responsible for supervising public intelligence, surveillance, and security services. Parliament also appoints the five members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that award the Nobel Peace Prize.

Administration edit

Parliament has an administration of about 450 people, led by Director of the Storting Marianne Andreassen, who assumed office in 2018. She also acts as secretary for the presidium.[15]

Party groups edit

Each party represented in parliament has a party group. It is led by a board and chaired by a parliamentary leader. It is customary for the party leader to also act as parliamentary leader, but since party leaders of government parties normally sit as ministers, governing parties elect other representatives as their parliamentary leaders. The table reflects the results of the September 2021 election.

Elections edit

 
An election booth at the event of municipal and county voting, 2007

Members to the Storting are elected based on party-list proportional representation in plural member constituencies. This means that representatives from different political parties are elected from each constituency. The constituencies are identical to the 19 former counties of Norway. Although county mergers have brought the number of counties down to 11, the 19 constituencies are unchanged. The electorate does not vote for individuals but rather for party lists, with a ranked list of candidates nominated by the party. This means that the person on top of the list will get the seat unless the voter alters the ballot. Parties may nominate candidates from outside their own constituency, and even Norwegian citizens currently living abroad.[26]

The Sainte-Laguë method is used for allocating parliamentary seats to parties. As a result, the percentage of representatives is roughly equal to the nationwide percentage of votes. Still, a party with a high number of votes in only one constituency can win a seat there even if the nationwide percentage is low. This has happened several times in Norwegian history. Conversely, if a party's initial representation in Stortinget is proportionally less than its share of votes, the party may seat more representatives through leveling seats, provided that the nationwide percentage is above the election threshold, currently at 4%. In 2009, nineteen seats were allocated via the leveling system.[26] Elections are held each four years (in odd-numbered years occurring after a year evenly divisible by four), normally on the second Monday of September.

Unlike most other parliaments, the Storting always serves its full four-year term; the Constitution does not allow snap elections. Substitutes for each deputy are elected at the same time as each election, so by-elections are rare.

Norway switched its parliamentary elections from single-member districts decided by two-round run-offs to multi-member districts with proportional representation in 1919.[27][28]

Historical composition of the Storting edit

Norway parliamentary election (since 1921 - proportional election) edit

  NKP
  R/RV
  SF
  SV
  Ap
  SD
  MDG
  Sfp
  B/Sp
  DNF
  RF
  PF
  V
  KrF
  FV
  H
  FfF
  TVF
  KP
1921
29 8 17 2 37 15 42
1924
6 24 8 22 2 34 11 43
1927
3 59 26 1 30 2 29
1930
47 25 1 33 5 39
1933
69 1 23 1 24 1 1 30
1936
70 1 18 23 2 36
1945
11 76 10 20 8 25
1949
85 12 21 9 23
1953
3 77 14 15 14 27
1957
1 78 15 15 12 29
1961
2 74 16 14 15 29
1965
2 68 18 18 13 31
1969
74 20 13 14 29
1973
16 62 21 1 2 20 29 4
1977
2 76 12 2 22 41
1981
4 66 11 2 15 53 4
1985
6 71 12 16 50 2
1989
17 63 11 14 37 22 1
1993
1 13 67 32 1 13 28 10
1997
9 65 11 6 25 23 25 1
2001
23 43 10 2 22 38 26 1
2005
15 61 11 10 11 23 38
2009
11 64 11 2 10 30 41
2013
7 55 10 1 9 10 48 29
2017
1 11 49 1 19 8 8 45 27
2021
8 13 48 3 28 1 8 3 36 21

Members edit

The parliament has 169 members. If a member of parliament cannot serve (for instance because he or she is a member of the cabinet), a deputy representative serves instead. The deputy is the candidate from the same party who was listed on the ballot immediately behind the candidates who were elected in the last election.

In the plenary chamber, the seats are laid out in a hemicycle. Seats for cabinet members in attendance are provided on the first row, behind them the members of parliament are seated according to county, not party group. Viewed from the president's chair, Aust-Agder's representatives are seated near the front, furthest to the left, while the last members (Østfold) are seated furthest to the right and at the back.[29]

1980s–present edit

Code of conduct edit

Unparliamentary language includes: one-night stand, smoke screen government, pure nonsense, Molbo politics, may God forbid, lie, and "som fanden leser Bibelen".[30]

Building edit

 
Stortinget Building

Since 5 March 1866, parliament has met in the Parliament of Norway Building at Karl Johans gate 22 in Oslo. The building was designed by the Swedish architect Emil Victor Langlet and is built in yellow brick with details and basement in light gray granite. It is a combination of several styles, including inspirations from France and Italy. Parliament do also include offices and meeting rooms in the nearby buildings, since the Parliament building is too small to hold all the current staff of the legislature. The buildings in Akersgata 18, Prinsens Gate 26, Akersgata 21, Tollbugata 31 and Nedre Vollgate 18 also contains parliamentary staff and members of Parliament.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Stortingsrepresentant ulovlig pågrepet 19 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, NTB, Dagens Næringsliv, 18 August 2016
  2. ^ Scandinavian Politics Today 4 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, David Arter, Manchester University Press, 1999, page 31
  3. ^ a b A Europe of Rights: The Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems 10 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Helen Keller, Alec Stone Sweet, Oxford University Press, 2008, page 210
  4. ^ a b c d e Tor Bomann-Larsen (14 March 2014). "Stortinget hvitvasker sin krigshistorie". Aftenposten. from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  5. ^ "Stortingets presidentskap". from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  6. ^ "Ivar Lykke". from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  7. ^ a b Norway and the Norwegians, Robert Gordon Latham, Richard Bentley, 1840, page 89
  8. ^ Political Systems Of The World 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, J Denis Derbyshire and Ian Derbyshire, Allied Publishers, page 204
  9. ^ Historical Dictionary of Norway 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Jan Sjåvik, Scarecrow Press, 2008, page 191
  10. ^ Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Volume 43, International Centre for Parliamentary Documentation, 2009, page 192
  11. ^ a b "The Norwegian Constitution". The Storting information office. Retrieved on 12 April 2007. 3 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Stortinget.no". 8 October 2009. from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  13. ^ "Stortingets presidentskap". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 31 January 2020. from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  14. ^ "Representanter og komiteer". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 27 March 2008. from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  15. ^ "Stortingets direktør". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 10 April 2019. from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  16. ^ "Arbeiderpartiet (A)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  17. ^ "Senterpartiet (Sp)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  18. ^ "Høyre (H)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  19. ^ "Fremskrittspartiet (FrP)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  20. ^ "Sosialistisk Venstreparti (SV)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  21. ^ "Rødt (R)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  22. ^ "Venstre (V)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 3 February 2020. from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  23. ^ "Miljøpartiet De Grønne (MDG)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 7 February 2020. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Kristelig Folkeparti (KrF)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Kristelig Folkeparti (KrF)". Stortinget (in Norwegian). 2 October 2019. from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  26. ^ a b Ryssevik, Jostein (2002). I samfunnet. Norsk politikk (in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug. ISBN 978-82-03-32852-7.
  27. ^ Fiva, Jon H.; Hix, Simon (2021). "Electoral Reform and Strategic Coordination". British Journal of Political Science. 51 (4): 1782–1791. doi:10.1017/S0007123419000747. hdl:11250/2983501. ISSN 0007-1234.
  28. ^ Fiva, Jon H.; Smith, Daniel M. (2 November 2017). "Norwegian parliamentary elections, 1906–2013: representation and turnout across four electoral systems". West European Politics. 40 (6): 1373–1391. doi:10.1080/01402382.2017.1298016. hdl:11250/2588036. ISSN 0140-2382. S2CID 157213679.
  29. ^ Plasseringen i stortingssalen 27 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Norwegian) Stortinget.no, a map of seating by county is also available 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ "Dustepolitikk". 28 February 2014. from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2014.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Stortinget at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website (in English)
  • Ekspert om opplysningsplikten: Slik er reglene for hva statsråder må fortelle i Stortinget [expert about opplysningsplikten (or obligation to disclose): Such are the rules for ministers, in regard to what (they) must tell Stortinget] (20 November 2020) Dagsavisen

59°54′47″N 10°44′24″E / 59.91306°N 10.74000°E / 59.91306; 10.74000

storting, redirects, here, building, building, metro, station, station, this, article, needs, updated, reason, given, information, about, organization, like, committee, leadership, parliamentary, leaders, outdated, changes, should, reflect, parliamentary, elec. Stortinget redirects here For the building see Storting building For the metro station see Stortinget station This article needs to be updated The reason given is Information about the organization like committee leadership and parliamentary leaders is outdated Changes should reflect the parliamentary election in 2021 and the change of government Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information May 2022 The Storting Norwegian Stortinget ˈstuːʈɪŋe lit the Great Thing is the supreme legislature of Norway established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway It is located in Oslo The unicameral parliament has 169 members and is elected every four years based on party list proportional representation in nineteen multi seat constituencies A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a stortingsrepresentant literally Storting representative 1 Parliament of Norway Stortinget166th StortingLogo of StortingetTypeTypeUnicameralTerm limits4 yearsEstablished1814LeadershipPresident of the StortingMasud Gharahkhani Labour Vice presidentsSvein Harberg Conservative Nils T Bjorke Centre Morten Wold Progress Kari Henriksen Labour Ingrid Fiskaa Socialist Left StructureSeats169 85 needed for majority Political groupsGovernment 76 Labour Party 48 Centre Party 28 Opposition 93 Conservative Party 36 Progress Party 21 Socialist Left Party 13 Red Party 8 Liberal Party 8 Green Party 3 Christian Democratic Party 3 Patient Focus 1 CommitteesBusiness and Industry Education Research and Church Affairs Energy and the Environment Family and Cultural Affairs Finance and Economic Affairs Foreign Affairs and Defence Health and Care Services Justice Labour and Social Affairs Local Government and Public Administration Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs Transport and CommunicationsElectionsVoting systemOpen list proportional representationModified Sainte Lague methodLast election13 September 2021Next election2025Meeting placeHemicycle of the Parliament of Norway BuildingOslo NorwayWebsitestortinget wbr noConstitutionConstitution of NorwayThe assembly is led by a president and since 2009 five vice presidents the presidium The members are allocated to twelve standing committees as well as four procedural committees Three ombudsmen are directly subordinate to parliament the Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee and the Office of the Auditor General Parliamentarianism was established in 1884 with the Storting operating a form of qualified unicameralism in which it divided its membership into two internal chambers making Norway a de facto bicameral parliament the Lagting and the Odelsting 2 Following a constitutional amendment in 2007 this was abolished taking effect following the 2009 election 3 Following the 2021 election ten parties are represented in parliament the Labour Party 48 the Conservative Party 36 the Centre Party 28 the Progress Party 21 the Socialist Left Party 13 the Red Party 8 the Liberal Party 8 the Christian Democratic Party 3 the Green Party 3 and the Patient Focus Party 1 Since 2021 Masud Gharahkhani has been President of the Storting Contents 1 History 1 1 World War II 1 2 Qualified unicameralism 1814 2009 1 3 Number of seats 2 Procedure 2 1 Legislative 2 2 Royal assent 3 Organisation 3 1 Presidium 3 2 Standing committees 3 3 Other committees 3 4 Appointed agencies 3 5 Administration 3 6 Party groups 4 Elections 5 Historical composition of the Storting 5 1 Norway parliamentary election since 1921 proportional election 6 Members 6 1 1980s present 7 Code of conduct 8 Building 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory editThe parliament in its present form was first constituted at Eidsvoll in 1814 although its origins can be traced back to the allting as early as the 9th century a type of thing or common assembly of free men in Germanic societies that would gather at a place called a thingstead and were presided over by lawspeakers The alltings were where legal and political matters were discussed These gradually were formalised so that the things grew into regional meetings and acquired backing and authority from the Crown even to the extent that on occasions they were instrumental in effecting change in the monarchy itself As oral laws became codified and Norway unified as a geopolitical entity in the 10th century the lagtings law things were established as superior regional assemblies During the mid 13th century the by then archaic regional assemblies the Frostating the Gulating the Eidsivating and the Borgarting were amalgamated and the corpus of law was set down under the command of King Magnus Lagabote This jurisdiction remained significant until King Frederick III proclaimed absolute monarchy in 1660 this was ratified by the passage of the King Act of 1665 and this became the constitution of the Union of Denmark and Norway and remained so until 1814 and the foundation of the Storting The Parliament of Norway Building opened in 1866 World War II edit On 27 June 1940 the presidium signed an appeal to King Haakon seeking his abdication 4 The presidium then consisted of the presidents and vice presidents of parliament Odelstinget and Lagtinget 5 Ivar Lykke stepped in according to mandate in place of the president in exile C J Hambro 6 Lykke was one of the six who signed 4 In September 1940 the representatives were summoned to Oslo and voted in favour of the results of the negotiations between the presidium and the authorities of the German invaders 4 92 voted for and 53 voted against 4 However directives from Adolf Hitler resulted in the obstruction of the agreement of cooperation between parliament and the occupation force 4 Qualified unicameralism 1814 2009 edit The Storting has always been de jure unicameral but before a constitutional amendment in 2009 it was de facto bicameral After an election the Storting would elect a quarter of its membership to form the Lagting a sort of upper house or revising chamber with the remaining three quarters forming the Odelsting or lower house 3 The division was also used on very rare occasions in cases of impeachment The original idea in 1814 was probably to have the Lagting act as an actual upper house and the senior and more experienced members of the Storting were placed there Later however the composition of the Lagting closely followed that of the Odelsting so that there was very little that differentiated them and the passage of a bill in the Lagting was mostly a formality nbsp Lagting Hall which also serves as the meeting room for the Christian Democratic Party s parliamentary group The Lagting was discontinued in 2009 Bills were submitted by the Government to the Odelsting or by a member of the Odelsting members of the Lagting were not permitted to propose legislation by themselves A standing committee with members from both the Odelsting and Lagting would then consider the bill and in some cases hearings were held If passed by the Odelsting the bill would be sent to the Lagting for review or revision Most bills were passed unamended by the Lagting and then sent directly to the king for royal assent If the Lagting amended the Odelsting s draft the bill would be sent back to the Odelsting If the Odelsting approved the Lagting s amendments the bill would be signed into law by the King 7 If it did not then the bill would return to the Lagting If the Lagting still proposed amendments the bill would be submitted to a plenary session of the Storting To be passed the bill required the approval of a two thirds majority of the plenary session In all other cases a simple majority would suffice 8 Three days had to pass between each time a chamber voted on a bill 7 In all other cases such as taxes and appropriations the Storting would meet in plenary session A proposal to amend the constitution and abolish the Odelsting and Lagting was introduced in 2004 and was passed by the Storting on 20 February 2007 159 1 with nine absentees 9 It took effect with the newly elected Storting in 2009 10 Number of seats edit The number of seats in the Storting has varied over the years In 1882 there were 114 seats increasing to 117 in 1903 123 in 1906 126 in 1918 150 in 1921 155 in 1973 157 in 1985 165 in 1989 and 169 as of 2005 Procedure editLegislative edit nbsp Interpellation sporretimen being held inside the hemicycle of the buildingThe legislative procedure goes through five stages First a bill is introduced to parliament either by a member of government or in the case of a private member s bill by any individual representative Parliament will refer the bill to the relevant standing committee where it will be subjected to detailed consideration in the committee stage The first reading takes place when parliament debates the recommendation from the committee and then takes a vote If the bill is dismissed the procedure ends The second reading takes place at least three days after the first reading in which parliament debates the bill again A new vote is taken and if successful the bill is submitted to the King in Council for royal assent If parliament comes to a different conclusion during the second reading a third reading will be held at least three days later repeating the debate and vote and may adopt the amendments from the second reading or finally dismiss the bill Royal assent edit Once the bill has reached the King in Council the bill must be signed by the monarch and countersigned by the prime minister It then becomes Norwegian law from the date stated in the Act or decided by the government Articles 77 79 of the Norwegian constitution specifically grant the King of Norway the right to withhold Royal Assent from any bill passed by the Storting 11 This right has never been exercised by any Norwegian monarch since the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 though it was exercised by Swedish monarchs before then when they ruled Norway Should the king ever choose to exercise this privilege Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be overridden if the Storting passes the same bill after a general election If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which after the most mature deliberation the Storting considers to be beneficial it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess 11 Organisation editPresidium edit Main article List of presidents of the Storting The presidium is chaired by the President of the Storting consisting of the president and five vice presidents of the Storting The system with five vice presidents was implemented in 2009 Before this there was a single holder of the office 12 13 Position Representative PartyPresident Masud Gharahkhani LabourFirst Vice President Svein Harberg ConservativeSecond Vice President Nils T Bjorke CentreThird Vice President Morten Wold ProgressFourth Vice President Kari Henriksen LabourFifth Vice President Ingrid Fiskaa Socialist LeftStanding committees edit The members of parliament are allocated into twelve standing committees of which eleven are related to specific political topics The last is the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs The standing committees have a portfolio that covers that of one or more government ministers 14 Committee Chair Chair s partyBusiness and Industry Geir Pollestad CentreEducation Research and Church Affairs Roy Steffensen ProgressEnergy and the Environment Ketil Kjenseth LiberalFamily and Cultural Affairs Kristin Ormen Johnsen ConservativeFinance and Economic Affairs Mudassar Kapur ConservativeForeign Affairs and Defence Anniken Huitfeldt LabourHealth and Care Services Geir Jorgen Bekkevold Christian DemocraticJustice Lene Vagslid LabourLabour and Social Affairs Erlend Wiborg ProgressLocal Government and Public Administration Karin Andersen Socialist LeftScrutiny and Constitutional Affairs Dag Terje Andersen LabourTransport and Communications Helge Orten ConservativeOther committees edit There are four other committees that run parallel to the standing committees The Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs consists of members of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence the presidium and the parliamentary leaders The committee discusses important issues related to foreign affairs trade policy and national safety with the government Discussions are confidential The European Committee consists of the members of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence and the parliamentary delegation to the European Economic Area EEA and the European Free Trade Area EFTA The committee conducts discussions with the government regarding directives from the European Union The Election Committee consists of 37 members and is responsible for internal elections within the parliament as well as delegating and negotiating party and representative allocation within the presidium standing committees and other committees The Preparatory Credentials Committee has 16 members and is responsible for approving the election Appointed agencies edit Five public agencies are appointed by parliament rather than by the government The Office of the Auditor General is the auditor of all branches of the public administration and is responsible for auditing monitoring and advising all state economic activities The Parliamentary Ombudsman is an ombudsman responsible for public administration It can investigate any public matter that has not been processed by an elected body the courts or within the military The Ombudsman for the Armed Forces is an ombudsman responsible for the military The Ombudsman for Civilian National Servicemen is responsible for people serving civilian national service The Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee is a seven member body responsible for supervising public intelligence surveillance and security services Parliament also appoints the five members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that award the Nobel Peace Prize Administration edit Parliament has an administration of about 450 people led by Director of the Storting Marianne Andreassen who assumed office in 2018 She also acts as secretary for the presidium 15 Party groups edit Each party represented in parliament has a party group It is led by a board and chaired by a parliamentary leader It is customary for the party leader to also act as parliamentary leader but since party leaders of government parties normally sit as ministers governing parties elect other representatives as their parliamentary leaders The table reflects the results of the September 2021 election Party Seats Parliamentary leaderLabour Party 48 Jonas Gahr Store also party leader 16 Centre Party 28 Marit Arnstad 17 Conservative Party 36 Erna Solberg also party leader 18 Progress Party 21 Sylvi Listhaug 19 Socialist Left Party 13 Kirsti Bergsto also party leader 20 Red Party 8 Marie Sneve Martinussen also party leader 21 Liberal Party 8 Terje Breivik 22 Green Party 3 Arild Hermstad also party leader 23 Christian Democratic Party 3 Hans Fredrik Grovan 24 Patient Focus 1 Irene Ojala also party leader 25 Elections editMain article Elections in Norway Main article Norwegian parliamentary election 2021 nbsp An election booth at the event of municipal and county voting 2007Members to the Storting are elected based on party list proportional representation in plural member constituencies This means that representatives from different political parties are elected from each constituency The constituencies are identical to the 19 former counties of Norway Although county mergers have brought the number of counties down to 11 the 19 constituencies are unchanged The electorate does not vote for individuals but rather for party lists with a ranked list of candidates nominated by the party This means that the person on top of the list will get the seat unless the voter alters the ballot Parties may nominate candidates from outside their own constituency and even Norwegian citizens currently living abroad 26 The Sainte Lague method is used for allocating parliamentary seats to parties As a result the percentage of representatives is roughly equal to the nationwide percentage of votes Still a party with a high number of votes in only one constituency can win a seat there even if the nationwide percentage is low This has happened several times in Norwegian history Conversely if a party s initial representation in Stortinget is proportionally less than its share of votes the party may seat more representatives through leveling seats provided that the nationwide percentage is above the election threshold currently at 4 In 2009 nineteen seats were allocated via the leveling system 26 Elections are held each four years in odd numbered years occurring after a year evenly divisible by four normally on the second Monday of September Unlike most other parliaments the Storting always serves its full four year term the Constitution does not allow snap elections Substitutes for each deputy are elected at the same time as each election so by elections are rare Norway switched its parliamentary elections from single member districts decided by two round run offs to multi member districts with proportional representation in 1919 27 28 Historical composition of the Storting editNorway parliamentary election since 1921 proportional election edit NKP R RV SF SV Ap SD MDG Sfp B Sp DNF RF PF V KrF FV H ALp FrP FfF TVF KP1921 29 8 17 2 37 15 421924 6 24 8 22 2 34 11 431927 3 59 26 1 30 2 291930 47 25 1 33 5 391933 69 1 23 1 24 1 1 301936 70 1 18 23 2 361945 11 76 10 20 8 251949 85 12 21 9 231953 3 77 14 15 14 271957 1 78 15 15 12 291961 2 74 16 14 15 291965 2 68 18 18 13 311969 74 20 13 14 291973 16 62 21 1 2 20 29 41977 2 76 12 2 22 411981 4 66 11 2 15 53 41985 6 71 12 16 50 21989 17 63 11 14 37 22 11993 1 13 67 32 1 13 28 101997 9 65 11 6 25 23 25 12001 23 43 10 2 22 38 26 12005 15 61 11 10 11 23 382009 11 64 11 2 10 30 412013 7 55 10 1 9 10 48 292017 1 11 49 1 19 8 8 45 272021 8 13 48 3 28 1 8 3 36 21Members editFor the current list of members see List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2021 2025 The parliament has 169 members If a member of parliament cannot serve for instance because he or she is a member of the cabinet a deputy representative serves instead The deputy is the candidate from the same party who was listed on the ballot immediately behind the candidates who were elected in the last election For deputy members see List of deputy members of the Storting In the plenary chamber the seats are laid out in a hemicycle Seats for cabinet members in attendance are provided on the first row behind them the members of parliament are seated according to county not party group Viewed from the president s chair Aust Agder s representatives are seated near the front furthest to the left while the last members Ostfold are seated furthest to the right and at the back 29 1980s present edit List of members of the Parliament of Norway 1981 1985 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 1985 1989 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 1989 1993 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 1993 1997 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 1997 2001 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2001 2005 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2005 2009 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2009 2013 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2013 2017 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2017 2021 List of members of the Parliament of Norway 2021 2025Code of conduct editUnparliamentary language includes one night stand smoke screen government pure nonsense Molbo politics may God forbid lie and som fanden leser Bibelen 30 Building editMain article Storting building nbsp Stortinget BuildingSince 5 March 1866 parliament has met in the Parliament of Norway Building at Karl Johans gate 22 in Oslo The building was designed by the Swedish architect Emil Victor Langlet and is built in yellow brick with details and basement in light gray granite It is a combination of several styles including inspirations from France and Italy Parliament do also include offices and meeting rooms in the nearby buildings since the Parliament building is too small to hold all the current staff of the legislature The buildings in Akersgata 18 Prinsens Gate 26 Akersgata 21 Tollbugata 31 and Nedre Vollgate 18 also contains parliamentary staff and members of Parliament See also editList of presidents of the StortingReferences edit Stortingsrepresentant ulovlig pagrepet Archived 19 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine NTB Dagens Naeringsliv 18 August 2016 Scandinavian Politics Today Archived 4 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine David Arter Manchester University Press 1999 page 31 a b A Europe of Rights The Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems Archived 10 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Helen Keller Alec Stone Sweet Oxford University Press 2008 page 210 a b c d e Tor Bomann Larsen 14 March 2014 Stortinget hvitvasker sin krigshistorie Aftenposten Archived from the original on 20 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Stortingets presidentskap Archived from the original on 24 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Ivar Lykke Archived from the original on 24 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 a b Norway and the Norwegians Robert Gordon Latham Richard Bentley 1840 page 89 Political Systems Of The World Archived 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine J Denis Derbyshire and Ian Derbyshire Allied Publishers page 204 Historical Dictionary of Norway Archived 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Jan Sjavik Scarecrow Press 2008 page 191 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Archived 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine Volume 43 International Centre for Parliamentary Documentation 2009 page 192 a b The Norwegian Constitution The Storting information office Retrieved on 12 April 2007 Archived 3 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine Stortinget no 8 October 2009 Archived from the original on 16 October 2009 Retrieved 10 October 2009 Stortingets presidentskap Stortinget in Norwegian 31 January 2020 Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Representanter og komiteer Stortinget in Norwegian 27 March 2008 Archived from the original on 13 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Stortingets direktor Stortinget in Norwegian 10 April 2019 Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Arbeiderpartiet A Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Senterpartiet Sp Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Hoyre H Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 9 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Fremskrittspartiet FrP Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Sosialistisk Venstreparti SV Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Rodt R Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Venstre V Stortinget in Norwegian 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 9 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Miljopartiet De Gronne MDG Stortinget in Norwegian 7 February 2020 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Kristelig Folkeparti KrF Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Kristelig Folkeparti KrF Stortinget in Norwegian 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 May 2020 Retrieved 17 May 2020 a b Ryssevik Jostein 2002 I samfunnet Norsk politikk in Norwegian Oslo Aschehoug ISBN 978 82 03 32852 7 Fiva Jon H Hix Simon 2021 Electoral Reform and Strategic Coordination British Journal of Political Science 51 4 1782 1791 doi 10 1017 S0007123419000747 hdl 11250 2983501 ISSN 0007 1234 Fiva Jon H Smith Daniel M 2 November 2017 Norwegian parliamentary elections 1906 2013 representation and turnout across four electoral systems West European Politics 40 6 1373 1391 doi 10 1080 01402382 2017 1298016 hdl 11250 2588036 ISSN 0140 2382 S2CID 157213679 Plasseringen i stortingssalen Archived 27 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine in Norwegian Stortinget no a map of seating by county is also available Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Dustepolitikk 28 February 2014 Archived from the original on 21 April 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2014 External links edit nbsp Media related to Stortinget at Wikimedia Commons Official website in English Ekspert om opplysningsplikten Slik er reglene for hva statsrader ma fortelle i Stortinget expert about opplysningsplikten or obligation to disclose Such are the rules for ministers in regard to what they must tell Stortinget 20 November 2020 Dagsavisen 59 54 47 N 10 44 24 E 59 91306 N 10 74000 E 59 91306 10 74000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Storting amp oldid 1206693565, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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