The Riigikogu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈriːɡikoɡu]; from Estonianriigi-, of the state, and kogu, assembly) is the unicameralparliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the President. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power.
April 23, 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia.[2] Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections were fixed for the first Sunday in May of the third year of parliament.[3] The first elections to the Riigikogu took place in 1920. From 1923 to 1932, there were four more elections to the Riigikogu. The elections were on a regional basis, without any threshold in the first two elections, but from 1926 a moderate threshold (2%) was used. The sessions of the Riigikogu take place in the Toompea Castle, where a new building in an unusual Expressionist style was erected in the former courtyard of the medieval castle in 1920–1922.
In 1933 amendments to the first Constitution was approved by referendum, where more power was given to an executive President. The following year, the President used these new powers to adjourn parliament and declared martial law to avert an alleged coup.[4] In 1937, a second constitution was approved by referendum which saw the introduction of a two chambered legislature, the Chamber of Deputies (Riigivolikogu) and the National Council (Riiginõukogu). Elections were subsequently held in 1938 where only individual candidates were allowed to run.
During the subsequent periods of Soviet occupation (1940–41), German occupation (1941–44), and the second Soviet occupation (1944–1991) the Parliament was disbanded. The premises of the Riigikogu were used by the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR during the second Soviet occupation.
Restitution of independence
In September 1992, a year after Estonia had regained its independence from the Soviet Union, elections to the Parliament took place on the basis of the third Constitution of Estonia adopted in a referendum in the summer of the same year. The 1992 constitution, which incorporates elements of the 1920 and 1938 Constitutions and explicitly asserts its continuity with the Estonian state as it existed between 1918 and 1940, sees the return of a unicameral parliament with 101 members. The most recent parliamentary elections were held on 5 March 2023. The main differences between the current system and a pure political representation, or proportional representation, system are the established 5% national threshold, and the use of a modified D'Hondt formula (the divisor is raised to the power 0.9). This modification makes for more disproportionality than does the usual form of the formula.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2020)
The Chancellery of the Riigikogu (Estonian: Riigikogu Kantselei) is the administration supporting the Riigikogu in the performance of its constitutional functions.[7]
^Krjukov, Aleksander (6 September 2022). "Keskerakonna juhatus heitis Mihhail Stalnuhhini erakonnast välja" (in Estonian). ERR. from the original on 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
^"Riigikogu". Riigikogu. from the original on 5 December 1998. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
^"Riigikogu liikmete ja teiste kõrgemate riigiteenijate palk ei muutu". Postimees. 15 March 2017. from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Riigikogu juhatus". Riigikogu. from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
^"Chancellery of the Riigikogu". Riigikogu (in Estonian). from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
Cited sources
Miljan, Toivo (2004). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN0-8108-4904-6.
riigikogu, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september, 2017,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Riigikogu news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Riigikogu Estonian pronunciation ˈriːɡikoɡu from Estonian riigi of the state and kogu assembly is the unicameral parliament of Estonia In addition to approving legislation the Parliament appoints high officials including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and elects either alone or if necessary together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college the President Among its other tasks the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law and monitors the executive power State Assembly of Estonia RiigikoguXIV RiigikoguTypeTypeUnicameralHistoryFounded23 April 1919 103 years ago 1919 04 23 Disbanded1940 1991LeadershipPresidentJuri Ratas Centre since 18 March 2021First Vice PresidentHelir Valdor Seeder Isamaa since 19 July 2022Second Vice PresidentMartin Helme EKRE since 18 March 2021StructureSeats101Political groupsOutgoing government 54 Reform 37 SDE 9 Isamaa 8 Opposition 47 EKRE 17 Centre 16 E200 14 Committees11 Committees ConstitutionalCultural AffairsEconomic AffairsEnvironmentEuropean Union AffairsFinanceForeign AffairsLegal AffairsNational DefenceRural AffairsSocial AffairsElectionsVoting systemParty list proportional representationModified D Hondt methodLast election5 March 2023Meeting placeToompea Castle TallinnWebsitewww riigikogu eeFootnotes Unaffiliated MP Raimond Kaljulaid votes with SDE Anastassia Kovalenko Kolvart votes with Centre Martin Repinski left Centre Mihhail Stalnuhhin was expelled from Centre on September 6 2022 1 Riigikogu liikmed Riigikogu Contents 1 History 1 1 History 1 2 Restitution of independence 2 Latest election 3 Current seat allocation 4 Structure of former legislatures 4 1 Estonian Parliament 1992 1995 4 2 Estonian Parliament 1995 1999 4 3 Estonian Parliament 1999 2003 4 4 Estonian Parliament 2003 2007 4 5 Estonian Parliament 2007 2011 4 6 Estonian Parliament 2011 2015 4 7 Estonian Parliament 2015 2019 4 8 Estonian Parliament 2019 2023 4 9 Estonian Parliament 2023 present 5 Speakers of the Riigikogu 5 1 1921 1937 5 2 Speakers of the Riigivolikogu lower chamber 5 3 Speaker of the Riiginoukogu upper chamber 5 4 Chairman of the Supreme Council 1990 1992 5 5 Speaker of the Supreme Council 1990 1992 5 6 Since 1992 6 Chancellery 7 See also 8 Citations and references 8 1 Cited sources 9 External linksHistory EditHistory Edit April 23 1919 the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia 2 Established under the 1920 constitution the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three year term on the basis of proportional representation Elections were fixed for the first Sunday in May of the third year of parliament 3 The first elections to the Riigikogu took place in 1920 From 1923 to 1932 there were four more elections to the Riigikogu The elections were on a regional basis without any threshold in the first two elections but from 1926 a moderate threshold 2 was used The sessions of the Riigikogu take place in the Toompea Castle where a new building in an unusual Expressionist style was erected in the former courtyard of the medieval castle in 1920 1922 In 1933 amendments to the first Constitution was approved by referendum where more power was given to an executive President The following year the President used these new powers to adjourn parliament and declared martial law to avert an alleged coup 4 In 1937 a second constitution was approved by referendum which saw the introduction of a two chambered legislature the Chamber of Deputies Riigivolikogu and the National Council Riiginoukogu Elections were subsequently held in 1938 where only individual candidates were allowed to run During the subsequent periods of Soviet occupation 1940 41 German occupation 1941 44 and the second Soviet occupation 1944 1991 the Parliament was disbanded The premises of the Riigikogu were used by the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR during the second Soviet occupation Restitution of independence Edit In September 1992 a year after Estonia had regained its independence from the Soviet Union elections to the Parliament took place on the basis of the third Constitution of Estonia adopted in a referendum in the summer of the same year The 1992 constitution which incorporates elements of the 1920 and 1938 Constitutions and explicitly asserts its continuity with the Estonian state as it existed between 1918 and 1940 sees the return of a unicameral parliament with 101 members The most recent parliamentary elections were held on 5 March 2023 The main differences between the current system and a pure political representation or proportional representation system are the established 5 national threshold and the use of a modified D Hondt formula the divisor is raised to the power 0 9 This modification makes for more disproportionality than does the usual form of the formula Latest election EditMain article 2019 Estonian parliamentary election PartyVotes Seats Estonian Reform Party162 36328 9334 4Estonian Centre Party129 61823 1026 1Conservative People s Party of Estonia99 67117 7619 12Isamaa64 21911 4412 2Social Democratic Party55 1759 8310 5Estonia 20024 4484 360NewEstonian Greens10 2271 8200Estonian Biodiversity Party6 8581 220NewEstonian Free Party6 4611 150 8Estonian United Left Party5110 0900Independents1 5900 2800Total561 141100 001010Valid votes561 14199 31Invalid blank votes3 9040 69Total votes565 045100 00Registered voters turnout887 42063 67Source ValimisedCurrent seat allocation Edit Parliament building in Toompea Castle the seat of the Parliament Current seating plan EKRE 19 seats Isamaa 12 seats Reform 34 seats Centre 24 seats SDE 9 seats Independent 3 seat Empty seats Reform Party 34 party leader Kaja Kallas Centre Party 23 party leader Juri Ratas Conservative People s Party of Estonia 19 party leader Martin Helme Isamaa 11 party leader Helir Valdor Seeder Social Democratic Party of Estonia 9 party leader Lauri Laanemets Unaffiliated 5 Raimond Kaljulaid since 5 April 2019 K before Martin Repinski since 21 March 2022 K before Anastassia Kovalenko Kolvart since 4 April 2022 replaces SDE MP Siim Kiisler since 18 August 2022 replaces I MP Mihhail Stalnuhhin since 6 September 2022 K before expelled Structure of former legislatures EditEstonian Parliament 1992 1995 Edit 29 17 15 12 10 8 8 1 1Isamaa Safe Home Popular Front Moderates Independence ERP Citizen Greens EEEEstonian Parliament 1995 1999 Edit 41 19 16 8 6 6 5Coalition Country Reform Centre RKEI and ERSP Moderates Home RightEstonian Parliament 1999 2003 Edit 28 18 18 17 7 7 6Centre Pro Patria Reform Moderates Coalition Country UnitedEstonian Parliament 2003 2007 Edit 28 28 19 13 7 6Kesk Res Publica Reform People s Union Pro Patria ModeratesEstonian Parliament 2007 2011 Edit 31 29 19 10 6 6Reform Centre IRL SDE Greens People s UnionEstonian Parliament 2011 2015 Edit 33 26 23 19Reform Centre IRL SDEEstonian Parliament 2015 2019 Edit 30 27 15 14 8 7Reform Centre SDE IRL EVA EKREEstonian Parliament 2019 2023 Edit 34 26 19 12 10Reform Centre EKRE Isamaa SDEEstonian Parliament 2023 present Edit 37 17 16 14 9 8Reform EKRE Centre E200 SDE IsamaaSpeakers of the Riigikogu EditThe salary of the speaker is 5 288 per month 5 1921 1937 Edit Name Period LegislatureOtto Strandman January 4 1921 November 18 1921 I Riigikogu 6 Juhan Kukk November 18 1921 November 20 1922 I Riigikogu 6 Konstantin Pats November 20 1922 June 7 1923 I Riigikogu 6 Jaan Tonisson June 7 1923 May 27 1925 II Riigikogu 6 August Rei June 9 1925 June 22 1926 II Riigikogu 6 Karl Einbund June 22 1926 July 19 1932 III Riigikogu IV Riigikogu V Riigikogu 6 Jaan Tonisson July 19 1932 May 18 1933 V Riigikogu 6 Karl Einbund May 18 1933 August 29 1934 V Riigikogu 6 Rudolf Penno September 28 1934 December 31 1937 V Riigikogu 6 Speakers of the Riigivolikogu lower chamber Edit Name Period LegislatureJuri Uluots April 21 1938 October 12 1939 VI Riigikogu 6 Otto Pukk October 17 1939 July 5 1940 VI Riigikogu 6 Arnold Veimer July 21 1940 August 25 1940Speaker of the Riiginoukogu upper chamber Edit Name Period LegislatureMihkel Pung April 21 1938 July 5 1940 VI Riigikogu 6 Chairman of the Supreme Council 1990 1992 Edit Name PeriodArnold Ruutel March 29 1990 October 5 1992Speaker of the Supreme Council 1990 1992 Edit Name PeriodUlo Nugis March 29 1990 October 5 1992Since 1992 Edit Name Period LegislatureUlo Nugis October 21 1992 March 21 1995 VII Riigikogu 6 Toomas Savi March 21 1995 March 31 2003 VIII Riigikogu IX Riigikogu 6 Ene Ergma March 31 2003 March 23 2006 X Riigikogu 6 Toomas Varek March 23 2006 April 2 2007 X Riigikogu 6 Ene Ergma April 2 2007 March 20 2014 XI Riigikogu XII Riigikogu 6 Eiki Nestor March 20 2014 April 4 2019 XII Riigikogu XIII Riigikogu 6 Henn Polluaas April 4 2019 March 18 2021 XIV Riigikogu 6 Juri Ratas March 18 2021 XIV Riigikogu 6 Chancellery EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2020 The Chancellery of the Riigikogu Estonian Riigikogu Kantselei is the administration supporting the Riigikogu in the performance of its constitutional functions 7 See also EditList of members of the Parliament of Estonia Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist RepublicCitations and references Edit Krjukov Aleksander 6 September 2022 Keskerakonna juhatus heitis Mihhail Stalnuhhini erakonnast valja in Estonian ERR Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Riigikogu Riigikogu Archived from the original on 5 December 1998 Retrieved 17 December 2018 Miljan 2004 p 413 Miljan 2004 p 414 Riigikogu liikmete ja teiste korgemate riigiteenijate palk ei muutu Postimees 15 March 2017 Archived from the original on 1 February 2021 Retrieved 11 November 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Riigikogu juhatus Riigikogu Archived from the original on 6 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2019 Chancellery of the Riigikogu Riigikogu in Estonian Archived from the original on 6 April 2020 Retrieved 21 March 2020 Cited sources Edit Miljan Toivo 2004 Historical Dictionary of Estonia Maryland USA Scarecrow Press ISBN 0 8108 4904 6 External links EditOfficial website Riigkogu s election law in English Coordinates 59 26 09 N 24 44 14 E 59 43583 N 24 73722 E 59 43583 24 73722 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Riigikogu amp oldid 1143278812, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
