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Afro-Germans

January 01, 1970

Afro-Germans (German: Afrodeutsche)[1] or Black Germans (German: schwarze Deutsche) are Germans of Sub-Saharan African descent.

Afro-Germans
Afrodeutsche
Total population
1,000,000
Regions with significant populations
Hamburg, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Munich, Bremen, Berlin, Cologne, Mainz

Cities such as Hamburg and Frankfurt, which were formerly centres of occupation forces following World War II and more recent immigration, have substantial Afro-German communities. With modern trade and migration, communities such as Frankfurt, Berlin, Munich, and Cologne have an increasing number of Afro-Germans. As of 2020, in a country with a population of 83,000,000 people, there were an estimated 1,000,000 Afro-Germans.[a]

History edit

African-German interaction from 1600 to late 1800s edit

 
African in a Hamburg Schembartlauf, c. 1600

During the 1720s, Ghana-born Anton Wilhelm Amo was sponsored by a German duke to become the first African to attend a European university; after completing his studies, he taught and wrote in philosophy.[5] Later, Africans were brought as slaves from the western coast of Africa where a number of German estates were established, primarily on the Gold Coast. After King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia sold his Ghana Groß Friedrichsburg estates in Africa in 1717, from which up to 30,000 people had been sold to the Dutch East India Company, the new owners were bound by contract to "send 12 negro boys, six of them decorated with golden chains," to the king. The enslaved children were brought to Potsdam and Berlin.[6]

Africans and German interaction between 1884 and 1945 edit

See also: German Empire and German colonial empire
 
Paul Friedrich Meyerheim: In der Tierbude (In the menagerie), Berlin, 1894

At the 1884 Berlin Congo conference, attended by all major powers of the day, European states divided Africa into areas of influence which they would control. Germany controlled colonies in the African Great Lakes region and West Africa, from which numerous Africans migrated to Germany for the first time. Germany appointed indigenous specialists for the colonial administration and economy, and many young Africans went to Germany to be educated. Some received higher education at German schools and universities, but the majority were trained at mission training and colonial training centers as officers or domestic mission teachers. Africans frequently served as interpreters for African languages at German-Africa research centers, and with the colonial administration. Others migrated to Germany as former members of the German protection troops, the Askari.

The Afrikanisches Viertel in Berlin is also a legacy of the colonial period, with a number of streets and squares named after countries and locations tied to the German colonial empire. It is now home to a substantial portion of Berlin's residents of African heritage.

Interracial couples in the colonies were subjected to strong pressure in a campaign against miscegenation, which included invalidation of marriages, declaring the mixed-race children illegitimate, and stripping them of German citizenship.[7] During extermination of the Nama people in 1907 by Germany, the German director for colonial affairs, Bernhard Dernburg, stated that "some native tribes, just like some animals, must be destroyed".[8]

 
Afro-German Ignatius Fortuna († 1789), Kammermohr
 
German colonial adventurer Ernst Henrici, c. 1880
 
Inside Brandenburger Gold Coast, February 1884

Weimar Republic edit

 
Map of Africa in 1914 with regions colonized by Germany shown in yellow.

In the course of World War I, the Belgians, British and French took control of Germany's colonies in Africa. The situation for the African colonials in Germany changed in various ways. For example, Africans who possessed a colonial German identification card had a status entitling them to treatment as "members of the former protectorates". After the Treaty of Versailles (1919), the Africans were encouraged to become citizens of their respective mandate countries, but most preferred to stay where they were. In numerous petitions (well documented for German Togoland by P. Sebald and for Cameroon by A. Rüger), they tried to inform the German public about the conditions in the colonies, and continued to request German help and support.

Africans founded the bilingual periodical that was published in German and Duala: Elolombe ya Cameroon (Sun of Cameroon). A political group of Black Germans established the German branch of the Paris-based human-rights organization, Ligue de défense de la race nègre (Eng: League for the Defense of the Negro Race) as the Liga zur Verteidigung der Negerrasse, on September 17, 1929.[9]

Nazi Germany edit

Main article: Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany
 
Young Rhinelander who was classified as a bastard and hereditarily unfit under the Nazi regime

The conditions for Afro-Germans in Germany grew worse during the Nazi period. Naturalized Afro-Germans lost their passports. Working conditions and travel were made extremely difficult for Afro-German musicians, variety, circus or film professionals. Because of Nazi policies, employers were unable to retain or hire Afro-German employees.[10][11]

Afro-Germans in Germany were socially isolated and forbidden to have sexual relations and marriages with Aryans by the Nuremberg Laws.[12][13] In continued discrimination directed at the so-called Rhineland bastards, Nazi officials subjected some 500 Afro-German children in the Rhineland to forced sterilization.[14] Afro-Germans were considered "enemies of the race-based state", along with Jews and Roma.[15] The Nazis originally sought to rid the German state of Jews and Romani by means of deportation (and later extermination), while Afro-Germans were to be segregated and eventually exterminated through compulsory sterilization.[15]

Some Black Germans who lived through this period later wrote about their experiences. In 1999 Hans Massaquoi published Destined to Witness about his life in Germany under Nazi rule, and in 2013 Theodor Wonja Michael, who was also the main witness in the documentary film Pages in the Factory of Dreams, published his autobiography, Deutsch Sein Und Schwarz Dazu.[16][17]

Since 1945 edit

See also: Brown Babies
 
Steffi Jones, President of the Organizing Committee of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and head coach of the Germany women's national football team from 2016 to 2018

The end of World War II brought Allied occupation forces into Germany. American, British and French forces included numerous soldiers of African American, Afro-Caribbean or African descent, and some of them fathered children with ethnic German women. At the time, these armed forces generally maintained non-fraternization rules and discouraged civilian-soldier marriages. Around 8,000 of these biracial Afro German children were born immediately after the war, making up about 1% of all births in ethnically homogeneous West Germany in 1945. "[18] Most single ethnic German mothers kept their "brown babies", but thousands were adopted by American families and grew up in the United States. Often they did not learn their full ancestry until reaching adulthood.

Until the end of the Cold War, the United States kept more than 100,000 U.S. soldiers stationed on German soil. These men established their lives in Germany. They often brought families with them or founded new ones with ethnic German wives and children. The federal government of West Germany pursued a policy of isolating or removing from Germany those children that it described as "mixed-race negro children".[19]

Audre Lorde, Black American writer and activist, spent the years from 1984 to 1992 teaching at the Free University of Berlin. During her time in Germany, often called "The Berlin Years," she helped push the coining of the term "Afro-German" into a movement that addressed the intersectionality of race, gender, and sexual orientation. She encouraged Black German women such as May Ayim and Ika Hügel-Marshall to write and publish poems and autobiographies as a means of gaining visibility. She pursued intersectional global feminism and acted as an advocate for that movement in Germany.

Immigration edit

See also: European migrant crisis and Immigration to Germany

Since 1981, Germany has had immigration from African countries, mostly Nigeria and Ghana, who were seeking work. Some of the Ghanaians also came to study in German universities.

Below are the largest (Sub-Saharan) African groups in Germany.

Country of birth Immigrants in Germany (2021 Census)
  Nigeria 83,000
  Eritrea 75,000
  Ghana 66,000
  Cameroon 41,000
  South Africa 34,000
  Somalia 30,000
  Ethiopia 27,000
  Kenya 22,000
  Togo 20,000
  Gambia 16,000
  Angola 15,000
  Guinea 17,000
  Senegal 15,000
  Congo-Kinshasa 14,000
  Congo-Brazzaville 10,000
  Uganda 6,500
  Ivory Coast 6,000
  Sudan 5,000
  Rwanda 5,000
  Sierra Leone 4,000
  Tanzania 4,100
  Mali 4,000
  Benin 3,000
  Liberia 2,000
  Burkina Faso 2,100
  Mozambique 2,100
  Burundi 1,000
  Zambia 1,000

Afro-Germans in literature edit

 
Coat of arms of Coburg, 1493, depicting Saint Maurice
  • Edugyan, Esi (2011). Half Blood Blues. Serpent's Tail. p. 343. Novel about a multiracial jazz group in Nazi Germany. The band's young trumpeter is a Rhineland Bastard who eventually is taken by the Nazis, while other members of the band are African Americans.
  • Jones, Gayl (1998). The Healing. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-6314-9. Novel about a faith healer and rock band manager, featuring an Afro-German character, Josef Ehelich von Fremd, an affluent fellow who works in arbitrage and owns fine racehorses.
  • Massaquoi, Hans J. (1999). Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany. W. Morrow. ISBN 978-0060959616. An autobiography by Hans J. Massaquoi, born in Hamburg, Germany, to a German mother and a Liberian father of Vai ethnicity, the grandson of Momulu Massaquoi.
  • Ika Hügel-Marshall. (2008) Marshall wrote an autobiography "Daheim unterwegs: Ein deutsches Leben", the English translation of which is entitled "Invisible Woman: Growing up Black in Germany". She details her life experiences growing up as an "occupation baby" and the struggle to find her identity as she grows up. Marshall details how the society she grew up in taught her to hate her complexion and how meeting her father, a black man, instilled a renewed pride in her heritage. The autobiography culminates in the struggle to find information on her father in the United States and finally getting to meet her American family.
  • Iljoma Mangold. (2017) Mangold wrote an autobiography "Das deutsche Krokodil", the English translation of which is entitled "The German Crocodile: A literary memoir" (2021), about growing up in Germany in the 1970s.

Afro-German political groups edit

Initiative of Black People (Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher) edit

  • This initiative created a political community that offers support for black people in Germany. Its main goals are to give people a chance to have their voices heard by each other and by those who do not share the same experiences. In the space provided by ISD gatherings, Afro-Germans are able to connect with people who might be in similar situations and who can offer them support.
  • Teachings from the ISD emphasise the role of history in understanding current politics. This is because of the belief that Germany has committed numerous atrocities in the past (notably in South-West Africa), but has no intentions of paying reparations to communities that still suffer today. The ISD notes that the importance of paying these reparations are for the structural changes made to a broken, discriminatory system.
  • The ISD combats discrimination in Germany through active support, campaigning through the media, and outreach to the government.

Notable Afro-Germans in modern Germany edit

 
Aminata Touré, minister in the state government of Schleswig-Holstein.

Politics and social life edit

Art, culture and music edit

The cultural life of Afro-Germans has great variety and complexity. With the emergence of MTV and Viva, the popularity of American pop culture promoted Afro-German representation in German media and culture.

May Ayim (1960-1996), was an Afro-German poet, educator and activist. She was a co-editor of the book Farbe bekennen,[21] whose English translation was published as Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out.

Afro-German musicians include:

Film and television edit

 
Logo of SFD - Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland

The SFD - Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland (Black Filmmakers in Germany) is a professional association based in Berlin for directors, producers, screenwriters, and actors who are Afro-Germans or of Black African origin and living in Germany. They have organized the "New Perspectives" series at the Berlinale film festival.[1]

Afro-Germans in film and television include:

Sport edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The German census does not use race as a category.[2] The number of persons "having an extended migrant background" (mit Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn, meaning having at least one grandparent born outside Germany), is given as 529,000.[3] The Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher ("Black German Initiative") estimates the total of Black Germans to be about 1,000,000 persons.[4]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Wolf, Joerg (2007-02-23). . Atlantic Review. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  2. ^ Mazon, Patricia (2005). Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890–2000. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. p. 3. ISBN 1-58046-183-2.
  3. ^ "Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen". Statistisches Bundesamt.
  4. ^ "Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?". 2020-12-30. Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande.
  5. ^ Lewis, Dwight (8 February 2018). "Anton Wilhelm Amo: The African Philosopher in 18th Europe". Blog of the APA. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  6. ^ Prem Poddar, Rajeev Patke and Lars Jensen, Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures--Continental Europe and Its Colonies, Edinburgh University Press, 2008, page 257
  7. ^ Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890–2000, Patricia M. Mazón, Reinhild Steingröver, p. 18.
  8. ^ Ben Kiernan, Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500–2000, p. 417.
  9. ^ Robbie Aitken (October 2008), "From Cameroon to Germany and Back via Moscow and Paris: The Political Career of Joseph Bilé (1892–1959), Performer, "Negerarbeiter" and Comintern Activist", Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 597–616, doi:10.1177/0022009408095417, ISSN 0022-0094, S2CID 144721513
  10. ^ Rosenhaft, Eve (January 28, 2016). "What happened to black Germans under the Nazis". The Independent.
  11. ^ Swift, Jaimee A. (April 18, 2017). "The Erasure of People of African Descent in Nazi Germany". AAIHS.
  12. ^ . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-01-27.
  13. ^ S. H. Milton (2001). Robert Gellately; Nathan Stoltzfus (eds.). Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press. pp. 216, 231. ISBN 9780691086842.
  14. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. Penguin. pp. 526–8. ISBN 1-59420-074-2.
  15. ^ a b Simone Gigliotti, Berel Lang. The Holocaust: a reader. Malden, Massachusetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Pp. 14.
  16. ^ Deutsch Sein Und Schwarz Dazu. Erinnerungen eines Afro-Deutschen. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München October 2013,ISBN 978-3-423-26005-3.
  17. ^ "Book Review: Memories of Theodor Wonja Michael". The African Courier. Reporting Africa and its Diaspora!. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  18. ^ "Brown Babies Adopted By Kind German Families," Jet, 8 November 1951. Vol. 1, No. 2. 15. Retrieved from Google Books on November 7, 2021. ISSN 0021-5996.
  19. ^ Women in German Yearbook 2005: Feminist Studies in German Literature & Culture, Marjorie Gelus, Helga W. Kraft page 69
  20. ^ Singh, Rajnish (13 November 2020). "Pierrette Herzberger-Fofana: Standing up for justice". The Parliament Magazine. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  21. ^ "Über uns" (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-17.

Further reading edit

  • May Ayim, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz. Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out (1986). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992.
  • Campt, Tina. Other Germans Black Germans and the Politics of Race, Gender, and Memory in the Third Reich. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2004.
  • El-Tayeb, Fatima. European Others: Queering Ethnicity in Postnational Europe. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2011.
  • Hine, Darlene Clark, Trica Danielle Keaton, and Stephen Small, eds. Black Europe and the African Diaspora. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
  • American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. Who Is a German?: Historical and Modern Perspectives on Africans in Germany. Ed. Leroy Hopkins. Washington, D.C: American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, the Johns Hopkins University, 1999.
  • Lemke Muniz de Faria, Yara-Colette. "'Germany's "Brown Babies" Must Be Helped! Will You?': U.S. Adoption Plans for Afro-German Children, 1950–1955." Callaloo 26.2 (2003): 342–362.
  • Mazón, Patricia M., and Reinhild Steingröver, eds. Not so Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890–2000. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2005.
  • Weheliye, Alexander G. Phonographies: Grooves in Sonic Afro-Modernity. Duke University Press, 2005.

External links edit

  • Black German Cultural Society Inc
  • African Union Diaspora Committee Deutschland Zentralrat der Afrikanischen Diaspora Deutschland mit Mandat der Afrikanischen Union
  • May Ayim Award - The 1st Black German International Literature Award
  • Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland
  • African Diaspora in Germany (in German)
  • cyberNomads - The Black German Databank Network and Media Channel Our Knowledge Resource on the Net
  • SFD – Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland 2010-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  • Pocast in which Fatima El-Tayeb (Director of the Critical Gender Studies programme at the University of California, San Diego) talks about the need to reassess Europe’s internalist narrative and the discourse of integration.

January 01, 1970
afro, germans, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2020, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Afro Germans news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message Afro Germans German Afrodeutsche 1 or Black Germans German schwarze Deutsche are Germans of Sub Saharan African descent Afro GermansAfrodeutscheTotal population1 000 000Regions with significant populationsHamburg Frankfurt Darmstadt Munich Bremen Berlin Cologne Mainz Cities such as Hamburg and Frankfurt which were formerly centres of occupation forces following World War II and more recent immigration have substantial Afro German communities With modern trade and migration communities such as Frankfurt Berlin Munich and Cologne have an increasing number of Afro Germans As of 2020 update in a country with a population of 83 000 000 people there were an estimated 1 000 000 Afro Germans a Contents 1 History 1 1 African German interaction from 1600 to late 1800s 1 2 Africans and German interaction between 1884 and 1945 1 2 1 Weimar Republic 1 2 2 Nazi Germany 1 3 Since 1945 1 3 1 Immigration 2 Afro Germans in literature 3 Afro German political groups 3 1 Initiative of Black People Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher 4 Notable Afro Germans in modern Germany 4 1 Politics and social life 4 2 Art culture and music 4 3 Film and television 4 4 Sport 5 See also 5 1 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editAfrican German interaction from 1600 to late 1800s edit nbsp African in a Hamburg Schembartlauf c 1600 During the 1720s Ghana born Anton Wilhelm Amo was sponsored by a German duke to become the first African to attend a European university after completing his studies he taught and wrote in philosophy 5 Later Africans were brought as slaves from the western coast of Africa where a number of German estates were established primarily on the Gold Coast After King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia sold his Ghana Gross Friedrichsburg estates in Africa in 1717 from which up to 30 000 people had been sold to the Dutch East India Company the new owners were bound by contract to send 12 negro boys six of them decorated with golden chains to the king The enslaved children were brought to Potsdam and Berlin 6 Africans and German interaction between 1884 and 1945 edit See also German Empire and German colonial empire nbsp Paul Friedrich Meyerheim In der Tierbude In the menagerie Berlin 1894 At the 1884 Berlin Congo conference attended by all major powers of the day European states divided Africa into areas of influence which they would control Germany controlled colonies in the African Great Lakes region and West Africa from which numerous Africans migrated to Germany for the first time Germany appointed indigenous specialists for the colonial administration and economy and many young Africans went to Germany to be educated Some received higher education at German schools and universities but the majority were trained at mission training and colonial training centers as officers or domestic mission teachers Africans frequently served as interpreters for African languages at German Africa research centers and with the colonial administration Others migrated to Germany as former members of the German protection troops the Askari The Afrikanisches Viertel in Berlin is also a legacy of the colonial period with a number of streets and squares named after countries and locations tied to the German colonial empire It is now home to a substantial portion of Berlin s residents of African heritage Interracial couples in the colonies were subjected to strong pressure in a campaign against miscegenation which included invalidation of marriages declaring the mixed race children illegitimate and stripping them of German citizenship 7 During extermination of the Nama people in 1907 by Germany the German director for colonial affairs Bernhard Dernburg stated that some native tribes just like some animals must be destroyed 8 nbsp Afro German Ignatius Fortuna 1789 Kammermohr nbsp German colonial adventurer Ernst Henrici c 1880 nbsp Inside Brandenburger Gold Coast February 1884 Weimar Republic edit nbsp Map of Africa in 1914 with regions colonized by Germany shown in yellow In the course of World War I the Belgians British and French took control of Germany s colonies in Africa The situation for the African colonials in Germany changed in various ways For example Africans who possessed a colonial German identification card had a status entitling them to treatment as members of the former protectorates After the Treaty of Versailles 1919 the Africans were encouraged to become citizens of their respective mandate countries but most preferred to stay where they were In numerous petitions well documented for German Togoland by P Sebald and for Cameroon by A Ruger they tried to inform the German public about the conditions in the colonies and continued to request German help and support Africans founded the bilingual periodical that was published in German and Duala Elolombe ya Cameroon Sun of Cameroon A political group of Black Germans established the German branch of the Paris based human rights organization Ligue de defense de la race negre Eng League for the Defense of the Negro Race as the Liga zur Verteidigung der Negerrasse on September 17 1929 9 Nazi Germany edit Main article Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany nbsp Young Rhinelander who was classified as a bastard and hereditarily unfit under the Nazi regime The conditions for Afro Germans in Germany grew worse during the Nazi period Naturalized Afro Germans lost their passports Working conditions and travel were made extremely difficult for Afro German musicians variety circus or film professionals Because of Nazi policies employers were unable to retain or hire Afro German employees 10 11 Afro Germans in Germany were socially isolated and forbidden to have sexual relations and marriages with Aryans by the Nuremberg Laws 12 13 In continued discrimination directed at the so called Rhineland bastards Nazi officials subjected some 500 Afro German children in the Rhineland to forced sterilization 14 Afro Germans were considered enemies of the race based state along with Jews and Roma 15 The Nazis originally sought to rid the German state of Jews and Romani by means of deportation and later extermination while Afro Germans were to be segregated and eventually exterminated through compulsory sterilization 15 Some Black Germans who lived through this period later wrote about their experiences In 1999 Hans Massaquoi published Destined to Witness about his life in Germany under Nazi rule and in 2013 Theodor Wonja Michael who was also the main witness in the documentary film Pages in the Factory of Dreams published his autobiography Deutsch Sein Und Schwarz Dazu 16 17 Since 1945 edit See also Brown Babies nbsp Steffi Jones President of the Organizing Committee of the 2011 FIFA Women s World Cup and head coach of the Germany women s national football team from 2016 to 2018 The end of World War II brought Allied occupation forces into Germany American British and French forces included numerous soldiers of African American Afro Caribbean or African descent and some of them fathered children with ethnic German women At the time these armed forces generally maintained non fraternization rules and discouraged civilian soldier marriages Around 8 000 of these biracial Afro German children were born immediately after the war making up about 1 of all births in ethnically homogeneous West Germany in 1945 18 Most single ethnic German mothers kept their brown babies but thousands were adopted by American families and grew up in the United States Often they did not learn their full ancestry until reaching adulthood Until the end of the Cold War the United States kept more than 100 000 U S soldiers stationed on German soil These men established their lives in Germany They often brought families with them or founded new ones with ethnic German wives and children The federal government of West Germany pursued a policy of isolating or removing from Germany those children that it described as mixed race negro children 19 Audre Lorde Black American writer and activist spent the years from 1984 to 1992 teaching at the Free University of Berlin During her time in Germany often called The Berlin Years she helped push the coining of the term Afro German into a movement that addressed the intersectionality of race gender and sexual orientation She encouraged Black German women such as May Ayim and Ika Hugel Marshall to write and publish poems and autobiographies as a means of gaining visibility She pursued intersectional global feminism and acted as an advocate for that movement in Germany Immigration edit See also European migrant crisis and Immigration to Germany Since 1981 Germany has had immigration from African countries mostly Nigeria and Ghana who were seeking work Some of the Ghanaians also came to study in German universities Below are the largest Sub Saharan African groups in Germany Country of birth Immigrants in Germany 2021 Census nbsp Nigeria 83 000 nbsp Eritrea 75 000 nbsp Ghana 66 000 nbsp Cameroon 41 000 nbsp South Africa 34 000 nbsp Somalia 30 000 nbsp Ethiopia 27 000 nbsp Kenya 22 000 nbsp Togo 20 000 nbsp Gambia 16 000 nbsp Angola 15 000 nbsp Guinea 17 000 nbsp Senegal 15 000 nbsp Congo Kinshasa 14 000 nbsp Congo Brazzaville 10 000 nbsp Uganda 6 500 nbsp Ivory Coast 6 000 nbsp Sudan 5 000 nbsp Rwanda 5 000 nbsp Sierra Leone 4 000 nbsp Tanzania 4 100 nbsp Mali 4 000 nbsp Benin 3 000 nbsp Liberia 2 000 nbsp Burkina Faso 2 100 nbsp Mozambique 2 100 nbsp Burundi 1 000 nbsp Zambia 1 000Afro Germans in literature edit nbsp Coat of arms of Coburg 1493 depicting Saint Maurice Edugyan Esi 2011 Half Blood Blues Serpent s Tail p 343 Novel about a multiracial jazz group in Nazi Germany The band s young trumpeter is a Rhineland Bastard who eventually is taken by the Nazis while other members of the band are African Americans Jones Gayl 1998 The Healing Boston Beacon Press ISBN 978 0 8070 6314 9 Novel about a faith healer and rock band manager featuring an Afro German character Josef Ehelich von Fremd an affluent fellow who works in arbitrage and owns fine racehorses Massaquoi Hans J 1999 Destined to Witness Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany W Morrow ISBN 978 0060959616 An autobiography by Hans J Massaquoi born in Hamburg Germany to a German mother and a Liberian father of Vai ethnicity the grandson of Momulu Massaquoi Ika Hugel Marshall 2008 Marshall wrote an autobiography Daheim unterwegs Ein deutsches Leben the English translation of which is entitled Invisible Woman Growing up Black in Germany She details her life experiences growing up as an occupation baby and the struggle to find her identity as she grows up Marshall details how the society she grew up in taught her to hate her complexion and how meeting her father a black man instilled a renewed pride in her heritage The autobiography culminates in the struggle to find information on her father in the United States and finally getting to meet her American family Iljoma Mangold 2017 Mangold wrote an autobiography Das deutsche Krokodil the English translation of which is entitled The German Crocodile A literary memoir 2021 about growing up in Germany in the 1970s Afro German political groups editInitiative of Black People Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher edit This initiative created a political community that offers support for black people in Germany Its main goals are to give people a chance to have their voices heard by each other and by those who do not share the same experiences In the space provided by ISD gatherings Afro Germans are able to connect with people who might be in similar situations and who can offer them support Teachings from the ISD emphasise the role of history in understanding current politics This is because of the belief that Germany has committed numerous atrocities in the past notably in South West Africa but has no intentions of paying reparations to communities that still suffer today The ISD notes that the importance of paying these reparations are for the structural changes made to a broken discriminatory system The ISD combats discrimination in Germany through active support campaigning through the media and outreach to the government Notable Afro Germans in modern Germany edit nbsp Aminata Toure minister in the state government of Schleswig Holstein Politics and social life edit Joe Chialo born 1970 Berlin State Minister Senator for Culture and Social Cohesion Karamba Diaby born 1961 Afro German politician member of the Bundestag John Ehret born 1971 Germany s first Afro German mayor Pierrette Herzberger Fofana born 1949 The only black MEP to represent Germany following the 2019 European elections 20 Charles M Huber born 1956 Afro German politician and former actor member of the Bundestag Ika Hugel Marshall 1947 2022 wrote about growing up in postwar Germany Barbel Kampmann 1946 1999 anti racist activist and writer Hans Massaquoi 1926 2013 journalist wrote about his childhood in Nazi Germany Aminata Toure born 1992 Minister of Social Affairs Youth Family Senior Citizens Integration and Equality of the State of Schleswig Holstein Harald Weyel politician member of the Bundestag Art culture and music edit The cultural life of Afro Germans has great variety and complexity With the emergence of MTV and Viva the popularity of American pop culture promoted Afro German representation in German media and culture May Ayim 1960 1996 was an Afro German poet educator and activist She was a co editor of the book Farbe bekennen 21 whose English translation was published as Showing Our Colors Afro German Women Speak Out Afro German musicians include Ade Bantu born 1971 Afrob born 1977 Ayọ born 1980 Bibi Bourelly B Tight born 1979 Carlprit born 1986 Cassandra Steen born 1980 Denyo born 1977 Deso Dogg born 1975 D Flame born 1971 Francisca Urio born 1981 Haddaway born 1965 Harris born 1976 Jessica Wahls born 1977 Jonesmann born 1979 Joy Denalane born 1973 U Jean Kalusha born 1963 KeyLiza born 1990 Lou Bega born 1975 Luciano rapper born 1994 Mamadee born 1979 Mark Medlock born 1978 Meshell Ndegeocello born 1968 Mortel born 1991 Nana born 1968 Nneka born 1980 Nura born 1988 Patrice Bart Williams born 1979 Ramona Wulf born 1954 Raptile born 1976 Roberto Blanco born 1937 Rob Pilatus 1965 1998 Samy Deluxe born 1977 Serious Klein born 1991 Taktloss born 1975 Tarek Ebene born 1986 Tic Tac Toe band Film and television edit nbsp Logo of SFD Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland The SFD Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland Black Filmmakers in Germany is a professional association based in Berlin for directors producers screenwriters and actors who are Afro Germans or of Black African origin and living in Germany They have organized the New Perspectives series at the Berlinale film festival 1 Afro Germans in film and television include Adunni Ade born 1970 Mo Asumang born 1963 Zazie Beetz born 1991 Louis Brody 1892 1952 Nisma Cherrat born 1969 Carol Campbell born 1966 Elfie Fiegert born 1946 Bayume Mohamed Husen 1904 1944 Florence Kasumba born 1976 Gunther Kaufmann 1947 2012 Boris Kodjoe born 1973 Leila Negra born 1930 Araba Walton born 1975 Sport edit Ariel Hukporti Ayodele Adetula Baboucarr Gaye Cebio Soukou Jeremy Toljan Leon Balogun Richard Adjei 1983 2020 member of the German bobsleigh team Dennis Aogo born 1987 footballer Samsondin Ouro Stephan Ambrosius Stephen Arigbabu born 1972 basketball coach Gerald Asamoah born 1978 footballer Gedion Zelalem Bienvenue Basala Mazana born 1992 footballer Collin Benjamin born 1978 footballer Yann Aurel Bisseck born 2000 footballer Jerome Boateng born 1988 footballer Kevin Prince Boateng born 1987 footballer Isaac Bonga born 1999 basketball player John Brooks born 1993 footballer Francis Bugri born 1980 footballer Cacau born 1981 footballer Timothy Chandler born 1990 footballer Marvin Compper born 1985 footballer Bakary Diakite born 1980 footballer Chinedu Ede footballer Florence Ekpo Umoh athlete Matthias Fahrig athlete Charles Friedek athlete Kamghe Gaba athlete Robert Garrett basketball player Stefano Garris basketball player Serge Gnabry footballer Julian Green footballer Demond Greene basketball player Leon Guwara footballer Misan Haldin basketball player Elias Harris basketball player Isaiah Hartenstein basketball player Jimmy Hartwig footballer Benjamin Henrichs footballer Raphael Holzdeppe pole vaulter Ismail Jakobs footballer Fabian Johnson footballer Jermaine Jones footballer Steffi Jones footballer Gideon Jung footballer Thilo Kehrer footballer Alex King basketball player Linda Kisabaka athlete Erwin Kostedde footballer Mohammed Lartey footballer Maodo Lo basketball player Streli Mamba footballer Andrej Mangold basketball player Ousman Manneh footballer David McCray basketball player Amewu Mensah athlete Malaika Mihambo athlete Youssoufa Moukoko footballer Jean Claude Mpassy footballer Malik Muller basketball player Sabrina Mulrain athlete Jamal Musiala footballer David Odonkor footballer Akwasi Oduro footballer Ademola Okulaja basketball player Navina Omilade footballer Patrick Owomoyela footballer Kofi Amoah Prah athlete Antonio Rudiger footballer Satou Sabally basketball player Joshiko Saibou basketball player Sidney Sam footballer Leroy Sane footballer Celia Sasic footballer Kingsley Schindler footballer Dennis Schroder basketball player Leyti Seck alpine skier Davie Selke footballer Lennard Sowah footballer Richard Sukuta Pasu footballer Robin Szolkowy figure skater Jonathan Tah footballer Johannes Thiemann basketball player Assimiou Toure footballer Akeem Vargas basketball player Pascal Wehrlein racing driver Reinhold Yabo footballer Joseph Boyamba Michael Zimmer footballer Robert Glatzel Ansgar Knauff Jesaja Herrmann Karim Guede Stanley Ratifo Tolani Omotola Faride Alidou Josha Vagnoman Louis Samson Malick Thiaw Malik Tillman Marian Sarr Sanoussy Ba Noah Atubolu Timothy Tillman Elias Kachunga Felix Nmecha Lukas Nmecha Maduka Okoye Marcel Appiah Ransford Yeboah Konigsdorffer Jordan TorunarighaSee also edit nbsp Germany portal nbsp Africa portal Demographics of Germany Afro European Notes edit The German census does not use race as a category 2 The number of persons having an extended migrant background mit Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn meaning having at least one grandparent born outside Germany is given as 529 000 3 The Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher Black German Initiative estimates the total of Black Germans to be about 1 000 000 persons 4 References edit a b Wolf Joerg 2007 02 23 Black History Month in Germany Atlantic Review Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2009 10 20 Mazon Patricia 2005 Not So Plain as Black and White Afro German Culture and History 1890 2000 Rochester University of Rochester Press p 3 ISBN 1 58046 183 2 Bevolkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen Statistisches Bundesamt Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch Konnen Ortsnamen rassistisch sein 2020 12 30 Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande Lewis Dwight 8 February 2018 Anton Wilhelm Amo The African Philosopher in 18th Europe Blog of the APA Retrieved 24 December 2023 Prem Poddar Rajeev Patke and Lars Jensen Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures Continental Europe and Its Colonies Edinburgh University Press 2008 page 257 Not So Plain as Black and White Afro German Culture and History 1890 2000 Patricia M Mazon Reinhild Steingrover p 18 Ben Kiernan Blood and Soil Modern Genocide 1500 2000 p 417 Robbie Aitken October 2008 From Cameroon to Germany and Back via Moscow and Paris The Political Career of Joseph Bile 1892 1959 Performer Negerarbeiter and Comintern Activist Journal of Contemporary History vol 43 no 4 pp 597 616 doi 10 1177 0022009408095417 ISSN 0022 0094 S2CID 144721513 Rosenhaft Eve January 28 2016 What happened to black Germans under the Nazis The Independent Swift Jaimee A April 18 2017 The Erasure of People of African Descent in Nazi Germany AAIHS The Nuremberg Race Laws United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archived from the original on 2010 01 27 S H Milton 2001 Robert Gellately Nathan Stoltzfus eds Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany Princeton University Press pp 216 231 ISBN 9780691086842 Evans Richard J 2005 The Third Reich in Power Penguin pp 526 8 ISBN 1 59420 074 2 a b Simone Gigliotti Berel Lang The Holocaust a reader Malden Massachusetts USA Oxford England UK Carlton Victoria Australia Blackwell Publishing 2005 Pp 14 Deutsch Sein Und Schwarz Dazu Erinnerungen eines Afro Deutschen Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag Munchen October 2013 ISBN 978 3 423 26005 3 Book Review Memories of Theodor Wonja Michael The African Courier Reporting Africa and its Diaspora Retrieved 2021 06 02 Brown Babies Adopted By Kind German Families Jet 8 November 1951 Vol 1 No 2 15 Retrieved from Google Books on November 7 2021 ISSN 0021 5996 Women in German Yearbook 2005 Feminist Studies in German Literature amp Culture Marjorie Gelus Helga W Kraft page 69 Singh Rajnish 13 November 2020 Pierrette Herzberger Fofana Standing up for justice The Parliament Magazine Retrieved 20 November 2020 Uber uns in German Retrieved 2022 09 17 Further reading editMay Ayim Katharina Oguntoye and Dagmar Schultz Showing Our Colors Afro German Women Speak Out 1986 Amherst University of Massachusetts Press 1992 Campt Tina Other Germans Black Germans and the Politics of Race Gender and Memory in the Third Reich Ann Arbor University of Michigan 2004 El Tayeb Fatima European Others Queering Ethnicity in Postnational Europe Minneapolis MN University of Minnesota Press 2011 Hine Darlene Clark Trica Danielle Keaton and Stephen Small eds Black Europe and the African Diaspora Urbana University of Illinois Press 2009 American Institute for Contemporary German Studies Who Is a German Historical and Modern Perspectives on Africans in Germany Ed Leroy Hopkins Washington D C American Institute for Contemporary German Studies the Johns Hopkins University 1999 Lemke Muniz de Faria Yara Colette Germany s Brown Babies Must Be Helped Will You U S Adoption Plans for Afro German Children 1950 1955 Callaloo 26 2 2003 342 362 Mazon Patricia M and Reinhild Steingrover eds Not so Plain as Black and White Afro German Culture and History 1890 2000 Rochester NY University of Rochester Press 2005 Weheliye Alexander G Phonographies Grooves in Sonic Afro Modernity Duke University Press 2005 External links editBlack German Heritage and Research Association Black German Cultural Society Inc African Union Diaspora Committee Deutschland Zentralrat der Afrikanischen Diaspora Deutschland mit Mandat der Afrikanischen Union May Ayim Award The 1st Black German International Literature Award Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland African Diaspora in Germany in German cyberNomads The Black German Databank Network and Media Channel Our Knowledge Resource on the Net SFD Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland Archived 2010 04 02 at the Wayback Machine United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Bibliography Pocast in which Fatima El Tayeb Director of the Critical Gender Studies programme at the University of California San Diego talks about the need to reassess Europe s internalist narrative and the discourse of integration Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Afro Germans amp oldid 1222084279, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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