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Wikipedia

End SARS

April 28, 2023

This article is about the Nigerian social movement. For the viral respiratory disease, see SARS. For other uses, see SARS (disambiguation).

#EndSARS is a decentralised social movement, and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria. The slogan calls for the disbanding of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), a notorious unit of the Nigerian Police with a long record of abuse on Nigerian citizens.[2][3] The protest takes its name from the slogan started in 2017 as a Twitter campaign using the hashtag #EndSARS to demand the disbanding of the unit by the Nigerian government.[4][5][6] After experiencing a revitalisation in October 2020 following more revelations of the abuses of the unit, mass demonstrations occurred throughout the major cities of Nigeria, accompanied by vociferous outrage on social media platforms. About 28 million tweets bearing the hashtag have been accumulated on Twitter alone.[7] Solidarity protests and demonstrations by Nigerians in diaspora and sympathizers occurred in many major cities of the world. The protests are notable for its patronage by a demographic that is made of entirely young Nigerians.[8][9] The movement has since expanded to include demands for good and accountable governance, considering the unprecedented hardship in the country.

End SARS
Date2020 – present
Location
International, largely in Nigeria
Caused byKillings, assaults, and harassment by SARS officials in Nigeria; lack of freedom of expression
MethodsProtest, demonstrations, online activism, civil disobedience, marches
StatusOngoing
  • SARS unit dissolved on 11 October 2020
  • Protesting on 20 October 2020 led to several deaths.
Parties to the civil conflict

Protesters:
(no centralised leadership)
Casualties
Death(s)51 civilians,[1] 11 policemen,[1] 7 soldiers[1]
Official website

Within a few days of protests, on 11 October 2020, the Nigerian Police Force announced that it was dissolving the unit with immediate effect. The move was widely received as a triumph of the demonstrations.[10] However, it was noted in many quarters that similar announcements had been made in recent years to pacify the public without the unit actually being disbanded, and that the government had merely planned to reassign and review SARS officers to medical centres rather than disband the unit entirely.[11] Protests have continued accordingly, and the Nigerian government has maintained a pattern of violent repression including the killing of demonstrators.[12] There have been international demonstrations in solidarity with those happening in the country, and the movement has also grown increasingly critical of Muhammadu Buhari's government response to the protests.[13]

SARS officers have been alleged to profile young Nigerians, mostly males, based on fashion choices, tattoos and hairstyles. They were also known to mount illegal road blocks, conduct unwarranted checks and searches, arrest and detain without warrant or trial, rape women, and extort young male Nigerians for driving exotic vehicles and using laptops and iPhones.[14] Nigerians have shared both stories and video evidence of how officers of SARS engaged in kidnapping, murder, theft, rape, torture, unlawful arrests, humiliation, unlawful detention, extrajudicial killings and extortion of Nigerian citizens. A large section of the victims of the abuses of SARS have been young male Nigerians.[15][16]

Background

The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was a branch of the Nigeria Police Force under the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department (SCIID). It was founded in late 1992 as one of the 14 units in the Force Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department, which was established to detain, investigate, and prosecute people involved in crimes like armed robbery, kidnapping, and other violent crimes.[17] The squad was created as a masked police unit to perform undercover operations against violent crimes like armed robbery, car snatching, kidnapping, cattle rustling, and the bearing and use of illegal firearms.[18]

SARS had been accused of several human rights violations, illegal "stop and searches", illegal arrests and detentions, extrajudicial killings, sexual harassment of women and brutalising of young male Nigerians. The human rights abuses were documented in trending videos on social media.[19]

In 2017, Nigerian activists, youth and celebrities across the nation took to the streets in a peaceful protest to spread awareness of SARS brutality and extortions and to demand its disbanding. The protests also moved to social media using the hashtag #EndSARS.[20][21][22]

A 2016 report[23] by Amnesty International, indicted SARS maintaining that the squad was responsible for human rights abuses, cruelty, degrading treatment of Nigerians in their custody, and other widespread torture. Some of the human rights abuses by SARS include the shooting of their detainees in the leg, mock executions and threats of execution, hanging and physical assault.[24] A 2020 publication by the organisation documented 82 cases of abuses and extra judicial killings by SARS between January 2017 and May 2020.[25]

Initial protests and reaction

Amnesty International accused the SARS officials of regularly detaining young male Nigerians illegally and extorting money from their relatives.[4] In 2018, Nigerian rapper Michael Ugochukwu Stephens professionally known Ruggedman joined the campaign to end police brutality by releasing a single titled, Is Police Your Friend?[26] In 2017, a petition signed by 10,195 people was submitted to Nigeria's National Assembly calling for a total disbandment of SARS.[27] A few Senators backed the call for total disbandment of the unit.[28] Consideration was given to reforming the force, rather than full disbandment due to the number of cases falling.[29][30]

The campaigners moved from social media using the #EndSARS hashtag to an organized, peaceful protests in Abuja, Lagos, Ibadan, Osun, Benin, Ughelli, Warri, Ilorin, Ogbomosho, Owerri, Jos, Kaduna, Calabar[31][21] and other Nigerian cities and states, threatening to continue if the government refused to disband the force.[32][33][34]

Not only were there campaigners in Nigeria utilising the hashtag and having protests but they were also done in London and some parts of America recognizing this situation as a global event.

In response to the campaign, Nigeria Police Force Public Relations Officer Jimoh Moshood accused the campaigners of being "criminals".[35] Despite this, Inspector General of Nigeria Police Force Ibrahim K. Idris ordered the reform and reorganisation of SARS.[36]

October 2020 second wave

See also: Lekki Massacre

On Saturday 3 October 2020, a video showing a SARS police officer shooting a young Nigerian in front of Westown Hotel, Ikeja, Lagos State trended on the Internet. It was alleged that the police officers took away the young man's vehicle – a Lexus SUV.[37] The trending video caused public outcry on social media, especially on Twitter, with the #ENDSARS hashtag trending.[38]

Just as the ENDSARS trend began on Twitter, on Monday 5 October 2020, another report surfaced of SARS officers killing a 20-year-old upcoming musician named Daniel Chibuike, popularly called Sleek in his neighbourhood.[39] Sleek was said to be sitting in front of a hotel with a friend when the SARS officers approached them, prompting them to flee. According to an eyewitness, the SARS men pursued the pair, shouting "thief", before shooting Sleek as they ran through a supermarket.[39] His friend was arrested.

On Thursday 8 October 2020, nationwide protests on ENDSARS started after weeks of outrage and anger with videos and pictures showing police brutality, harassment and extortion in Nigeria. The protests were led predominantly by young Nigerians in different cities alongside many activists and celebrities.[40] Nigeria Police Force disrupted the protests in some cities, throwing teargas, using water cannons and shooting at unarmed peaceful protesters as seen in Abuja and Osun.[41] This led to the death of Jimoh Isiaq in Ogbomoso, Oyo State.[42][14][43][44][45] By Wednesday, 14 October 2020, the End SARS protests were still on-going with young people in different parts of Nigeria intensifying their calls for reforms and accountability in police operations.[46] On October 20 the Nigerian Army murdered protesters at the Lekki tollgate. The government and army deny these allegations till date.

Five demands

On Sunday, 11 October 2020, the protestors made a list of five demands to be met by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The demands which were signed by 'A Nigerian Youth' demanded for the immediate release of all arrested during the protests as well as justice and compensation for all who died through police brutality in Nigeria. They also demanded that an independent body be set up within 10 days to investigate and prosecute all reports of police misconduct. The protestors also asked for the psychological evaluation and retraining of SARS operatives before they are deployed to any other police unit. Lastly, they asked for adequate increase in the salaries for officers of the Nigerian police.[47]

Nigerian Government response

In response to the public outcry on police brutality, the Inspector-General of the Nigeria Police banned the FSARS, Special Tactical Squad (STS), Intelligence Response Team (IRT), Anti-Cultism Squad and other tactical units from mounting of roadblocks, checkpoints, stop-and-search and other routine and patrols. Similar bans had been announced multiple times over the previous four years, causing citizens of Nigeria to question whether the bans would actually be upheld. There were further reports of SARS officers involved in killings across the country.[48] As this was the fourth time that the Nigerian government had announced a similar ban on SARS activity,[49] protesters insisted that the notorious police unit be entirely disbanded and wide-ranging reform of the force to follow.[50]

On 19 October 2020, President Muhammadu Buhari reacted to the continuation of the movement by warning young Nigerians of anarchists that were allegedly attempting to hijack the protests[51] and stated that the federal government "would not tolerate anarchy in the country".[52]

Central bank freezes account of protesters

On Tuesday, 20 October 2020, the Central Bank of Nigeria and its Governor, Godwin Emefiele obtained an exparte motion to freeze the accounts of notable participants in the End SARS protest. In an exclusive report by Peoples Gazette, court documents showed that the Central Bank of Nigeria failed to give any justification for the freezing order. Twenty protesters with banking with Access Bank plc, Fidelity Bank Nigeria, First Bank of Nigeria, Guaranty Trust Bank, United Bank for Africa and Zenith Bank had all accounts linked to them placed under "post no debit".[53][54]

Timeline of events

8 October

 
Lagos State governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu, addressing protesters gathered at Alausa, Lagos

Nigerian youths protested on EndSARS at the Lagos State Governor's House on Thursday 8 October and slept at the gate of the government house till Friday 9 October 2020 when the Deputy Governor addressed the protesters.[55] Among the Lagos State EndSARS Protesters were celebrities Falz, Runtown, Don Jazzy, Olu Jacobs, Eedris Abdulkareem and a host of others including several comedians and other media personalities.[56]

9 October

 
Resting protesters in Lagos, Nigeria

On Friday, 9 October 2020, the Deputy Governor of Lagos State, Femi Hamzat addressed the protesters and acknowledged that police officers do not have the right to trample on the rights of law-abiding citizens based on their appearance or on items in their possession. He condemned police brutality and promised that the Lagos government will take action necessary to end it.[57][58] The deputy governor also stated that four years previously, he had been harassed by SARS police who were not in uniform.[59][60]

The Lagos State House of Assembly held an emergency parliamentary sitting to deliberate the petition of the EndSARS protesters. The parliamentarians made a seven-point resolution, as follows: Nigeria's Senate and House of Assembly should probe FSARS, the Police Commissioner should protect protesters, molestation of youths should be stopped, institution of public inquiry on the extrajudicial killings by Senate President and the House of Representatives Speaker, proscription of SARS and its replacement by a new unit with a clear code of conduct, and sanction of illegalities.[61]

Nigerian youths protested on EndSARS,[62] at the headquarters of Nigeria Police Force in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and vow to camp at headquarters till Inspector-General of Police, Mohammed Adamu, addresses them.[63]

10 October

While the protest continued on Saturday 10 October 2020, the Nigerian police started dispersing the youths with tear gas and water. The co-convener of Bring Back Our Girls, Aisha Yesufu, Rinu Oduala, popularly called @SavvyRinu on Twitter, and other protesters were reportedly manhandled by the Nigerian police.[64]

The EndSARS protest in Ogbomosho, Oyo State turned violent as Nigerian police were alleged to have injured seven protesters and shot dead a young man known as Jimoh Isiaka during the protest, Traditional Rulers used the Nigerian Police to forcefully send back protesters. Jimoh Isiaka was taken to Bowen University Teaching Hospital for medical care and later died at the hospital. In response to the death of the protesters, the commissioner of police of Oyo State, Nwachukwu Enwonwu, denied the allegation that the police killed the protester. He said that the police used tear gas to prevent protesters from attacking and entering the police station. The governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde sent a condolence message on the demise of the protester and promised to investigate the incident.[65][66]

11 October

On Sunday, 11 October 2020, Nigeria's Inspector-General of Police, Mohammed Adamu announced the "dissolution" of SARS. Many Nigerians within the movement criticised the announcement, however, pointing out that similar promises had been made in earlier years and that the government's plan was to reassign SARS officers to other police departments rather than eliminate them from the force entirely.[11] The protests continue despite the "dissolution" as many do not believe the pronouncement.[67]

David Adeleke, a popular musician known as Davido joined a group of #EndSARS protesters in Abuja to call for the end police brutality and the notorious police unit in the city. The police started dispersing the protesters with tear gas, live bullets and water cannons.[68]

Three more protestors were shot dead in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, following a killing the day before.[69]

12 October

On Monday, 12 October 2020, the Governor of Lagos State Babajide Sanwo-Olu and the Minister of Police Affairs, Maigari Dingyadi, urged protestors to believe that SARS has been disbanded.[70] On Monday, 12 October 2020 the Rivers State Governor, Nyesom Wike announced that the End SARS protests are disallowed in Rivers State. He banned all forms of protests in Rivers State.[71] On Monday, 12 October 2020, the Governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde barred Police from engaging with the protestors in order to avert further casualties from the pandemic.[72]

A bystander watching the protest was shot dead by members of the Nigeria Police Force in Surulere while leaving 4 injured and they also arrested and detained peaceful Protesters.[12] The protests in Lagos at Lekki-Epe Expressway toll gate, Murtala Mohammed International airport toll gate, Alausa, Ikorodu Road and Yaba caused heavy traffic gridlock and crippled businesses as young people continued to demand #EndSARS #SARSMustEnd.[73][74]

Protests continued in Abuja as young people continued to march against police harassment, brutality and extortion. They blocked the Berger roundabout to draw attention to their demands. Earlier on in the day, the protestors had been challenged by Pro-SARS sympathizers who were marching in support of the Inspector General of Police Mohammed Adamu and the Nigerian President Muhammed Buhari under the aegis of Citizens Action for Good Governance.[75]

Protesters in Oyo State with placards calling for the disbandment of SARS, an end to police brutality extortion and extrajudicial killing demonstrated in front of University of Ibadan and Iwo Road in Ibadan.[76] The protests locked down Iwo Road making vehicular movement to be at a standstill.[77]

13 October

 
EndSARS protesters in Lagos

On Tuesday, 13 October 2020, Ifeanyi Okowa the Governor of Delta State said that the #EndSARS protest is a result of failed leadership. The Governor also announced the constitution of a five-member Police Complaints Committee with two representatives from youth organisations.[78] The Governor had earlier appealed to the police to desist from harassing the protesters as people were free to express grievances in a democratic dispensation.[79] On Tuesday, 13 October 2020, the Public Relations Officer of the Nigerian Police Force, Frank Mba, announced the setting up of a Special Weapon and Tactics Team (SWAT) to replace SARS. The new outfit, which was expected to take off within the next 7 days, was to undergo psychological and medical evaluation to determine their fitness.[62]

The protest was taken to the National Assembly. Moving from Banex junction Abuja, protesters peacefully marched to the junction leading to the National Assembly around 2 p.m. where they were stopped by soldiers who violently resisted their movement and injured some protesters in the process.[80] ARISE TV news crew who were recording the fracas at the entry of the National Assembly were attacked. Ferdinard Duruoha was one of the crew members who were assaulted while Francis Ogbonna a cameraman with the same news outfit was attacked the previous day while covering the announcement of dissolution of SARS by the Inspector General of Police.[81]

The Governor of Lagos State promised to set up a two hundred million naira (N200M) fund for residents of the State who have been victims of police brutality.[82] He met with President Muhammadu Buhari to present the demands of the protesters in Lagos State.[83] A video surfaced from this meeting showing the President chuckle as the Governor talked about his state's compensation fund for victims. The President's actions met a lot of negative criticisms from Nigerians.[84]

According to a press release signed by spokesman of the president, Femi Adesina the Nigerian Government had agreed to the five demands of the End SARS protestors. The agreement was reached at a meeting organised by the Office of the Inspector General of Police and National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was attended by stakeholders which include officials of Ministry of Police Affairs and Police Service Commission, representatives of Civil Society organisations and activists from the entertainment industry and #EndSARS movement.[85][86]

The protests continued in Lagos. Young people carrying placards denouncing SARS and appealing for an end to police harassment, extortion and brutality blocked the Lagos-Ibadan expressway.[87]

14 October

On Wednesday, 14 October 2020, protesters in Lagos were attacked with cutlasses, sticks and charms.[88] In Abuja, protesters were attacked by people with cutlasses and cudgels at Berger roundabout. Cars were destroyed and some of the protestors were injured.[89][90]

15 October

On Thursday, 15 October 2020, the prohibition of demonstrations in the Federal Capital Territory Security Committee was announced. The decision was taken at a meeting which held on Wednesday, 14 October 2020 and which was chaired by FCT Minister, Malam Muhammad Bello. The announcement recognised the rights of citizens to gather and demonstrate however, it went on to point out that the EndSARS protests were unruly, caused discomfort to people, violated COVID-19 protocols and should be discontinued in view of the fact that Government had met the demands of the protesters.[91] Nigerians thought this absurd since there had been elections in Ondo and Edo along with massive rallies in preceding weeks.[92] Buhari's daughter had also had her wedding ceremony.[93] At the peak of the pandemic, Abba Kyari, late Chief of Staff to the President of Nigeria, was buried without adherence to COVID-19 guidelines.[94]

People conveyed by Lagos state buses attacked protesters near the state secretariat in Alausa.[95]

16 October

On Friday, 16 October 2020, the hacktivist group, Anonymous hacked the Twitter account of the National Broadcasting Commission and posted a message which stated "We #Anonymous will continue supporting Nigerians" in a support for the ongoing protests.[96]

Thousands of protesters gathered at the Admiralty Way Plaza toll gate, Lekki and at the Lagos State Government Secretariat, Alausa, Ikeja to hold a candlelight session for the various victims of SARS/police killings.[97][98]

A day after the FCTA banned protests across the Federal Capital Territory amidst fear of a second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak due to the protests,[99] youths protesting against police brutality and abuses moved their protest from City gate to Airport road where they obstructed both incoming and outgoing commuters thereby causing a gridlock leaving thousands stranded.[100]

20 October – The Lekki Toll Gate Shooting

Further information: Lekki massacre

Following violent escalations which included attacks by agitators against both protesters and police, the governor of Lagos State, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, declared a state-wide 24-hour curfew[101] effective 4:00 PM WAT on 20 October. During this time, images of some persons alleged to be working with the Lagos State Government and the Lekki Concession Company removing cameras (later confirmed by the Lagos State Government to be laser cameras and not CCTV cameras as earlier publicized on social media[102]) at the toll gate circulated on End SARS on Twitter and street lights at the toll gate vicinity were turned off. A few hours later, it was reported that armed men of the Nigerian Army arrived at the scene of the protest and opened fire on peaceful and unarmed protesters, thereby resulting in a disputed number of deaths. A clip of the shooting videoed by a brave Nigerian youth, DJ Switch, trended on the Internet showing how live round of bullets were being shot at innocent protesters who crouched on the ground, holding hands together and singing the Nigerian National Anthem. There were also reports that at least 50 other people were injured. However, the Lagos State government later reported that the shooting resulted in up to 25 injured, and only 2 dead.[103] Despite the fact that the curfew was extended till 9:00 PM, soldiers of the Nigerian Army started shooting before 7:00 PM.[104][105][106][107][108]

In November 2020, the National Economic Council (NEC) announced that each state and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, should establish a judicial panel of inquiry to investigate cases of police brutality against protesters and compensate the victims as well as human rights violations.[109][110] The Judicial Panel of Inquiry and Restitution for Victims of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) released a report on November 15, 2021 sharing their findings.[111][112]

21 October

Following the killings on 20 October, video evidence showed that more shootings were still being carried out by the Nigerian Army and the Nigerian Police on the unarmed protesters. Some people also attacked and burnt buildings, vehicles, TV stations and raided the Oba of Lagos' palace.[113] The governor of Lagos had said that there were no casualties from the incident of the previous day but later tweeted that there had been reports of one casualty which negated the report sent in by various Twitter and Instagram users who had live recordings of the killings. While the protesters gathered again at the Lekki toll gate where the shooting took place on Tuesday 20 October, they were forced out by police.[113] While the protesters defied the curfew imposed by the Lagos state Governor, hoodlums burnt about 30 government buses at a bus station. Also burnt was Television Continental Station (TVC) linked to a former governor of the state, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who is a national leader of the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC).[114][115]

About seven people were reportedly killed within 24 hours since soldiers opened fire at protesters in Lagos. Authorities did not deny carrying out a crackdown, but refused to claim the deaths as of 21 October 2020. Brutality by the police forces made the protesters more angry intensifying the scale of the protests.[116]

22 October

On Thursday, 22 October, it was reported that armed men began shooting at protesters in Oyigbo, Port Harcourt.[117][118][119] The attackers allegedly broke into homes, killing people inside, and then torching down properties.

February 2021 protest against the reopening of Lekki toll gate

After the Nigerian government announced that activities at the Lekki toll gate would restart, Nigerians not satisfied with the decision to restart activities at a symbolic site where reportedly unarmed citizens died during the End SARS protest called for a fresh protest to start at 7am on 13 February 2021.[120] On 13 February 2021 security agencies were at the site, reportedly armed, and awaiting the protesters. It was reported that a Nigerian internet comedian named Mr Macaroni and others who came to observe the peaceful protest were arrested.[121]

2021 End SARS Memorial protest

Further information: 2021 End SARS memorial protest

After the aftermath of End SARS protest, End SARS Activists announced that there would be a memorial to mark the Lekki Shootings. On 19 October 2021, Mr Macaroni and Falz announced that the protest will be carried out by cars in accordance with the message by the Lagos State Police force which prohibited any form of protest. The protest took place mostly in Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt among others.

Nigerian protests by state

Delta State

On Saturday, 10 October 2020, the #EndSARS protest started from the Ekiugbo section of Ughelli, Delta State, went through the Ughelli Market, Ughelli Area Command and Isoko Road. The protests led to traffic gridlocks at the Ughelli–Patani section of the East–West Road. However, at Otovwodo Junction, fracas ensued as the peaceful protest assumed took another turn when hoodlums, motorcycle rider and others joined the youths. A police officer, Corporal Etaga Stanley of 'A' Division, Ughelli was disarmed, killed and his weapon and ammunition taken.[122][123]

On Wednesday, 14 October 2020, young people in Effurun and Warri, Delta State joined in the protests.[124]

Anambra State

On Saturday, 10 October 2020, hundreds of young people gathered at Ekwueme Square, Awka in the morning hours and peacefully marched past the Eke Awka market, and through the major streets of the town with placards.[125] SARS Awkuzu which is well known for human rights abuses is located in Anambra State.[126] The protests continued in Onitsha, the commercial nerve centre of Anambra State on Monday, 12 October, with protesters demanding that SARS be completely disbanded.[127]

Protests continued in Awka on Wednesday, 14 October 2020 with protesters demanding for a total reform of the Nigerian Police Force.[128]

On Friday, 16 October 2020, #EndSARS protesters including popular musicians and Anambra indigenes Phyno, Flavour, KCee, MasterKraft, marched from Awka, the state capital to Awkuzu town, where the dreaded SARS unit[129] is situated, calling for the total shutdown of the office.[130] The peaceful protesters were shot at by the officers of the supposedly dissolved SARS.[131][132]

Abia State

A similar protest was held simultaneously in Umuahia, capital of Abia State, by other youths in the state. They visited the police headquarters on Bende Road and Abịa State House of Assembly as well as the Abia Government House.[133]

In Aba, the state's commercial nerve centre, youths took to the streets protesting police brutality on citizens.[134]

In a statement on his Twitter handle, the governor said: "I have taken note of the peaceful protests tagged #EndSARS and wish to assure Abịa youth and the general public that we will take up their concerns and ensure that your voices are heard at the right quarters."[133][135]

Kwara State

On Thursday 8 October 2020 the campaigners against the excesses of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), the police squad known for its human rights abuses and extrajudicial killings marched peacefully through some streets of Ilorin, Kwara state capital,[136] demanding outright ban of operations of SARS by the Nigeria Police.[137] On 12 October 2020, protesters surrounded the Kwara State government house where on behalf of Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq, the Deputy Governor, Kayode Alabi, assured that their complaints have been heard.[138]

Osun State

On Monday, 12 October 2020, protesters in Osogbo, Osun State took to the streets of the capital town to protest against SARS with placards demanding that the squad be disbanded. The protests which took off from Olaiya junction and moved to the State House of Assembly caused traffic disruptions at the gate of government house, Osogbo as the protesters demanded that the Governor address them.[139][140]

Rivers State

Aggrieved Nigerians in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, on Tuesday 13 2020, took to the streets of Port Harcourt, Rivers state capital, to protest against police brutality in defiance to the directive of the State Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike who had earlier issued a statement to the general public that all forms of protests have been banned throughout the State. The state governor, having observed this defiance by the protesters, joined them in solidarity, citing how Rivers State citizens had suffered so much police brutality carried out by members of SARS.[141][142]

Ogun State

Fifteen #EndSARS protestors were arrested in Ogun State.[143] While others were released, three of the protesters; Adeniji Sodiq, Mutairu Faruq and Olatoye Joseph, who were arrested at the palace of the king of Owu on Friday, 9 October 2020 were charged for murder by the police. After review of all evidence and as recommended by the Ogun State Attorney General, the Governor, Dapo Abiodun gave orders for their release as the charges against the protesters were withdrawn.[144] At Akute/Ajuwon/Agbole axis, Ogun State, Femi Kuti an Afrobeat musician, the son of late music icon Fela Kuti joined the protests and helped to stop many protesters from being arrested[145]

Enugu State

On Tuesday, 13 October 2020, hundreds of protesters from different parts of Enugu State with placards denouncing and asking for the end to SARS, police brutality, extortion and harassment converged and moved from Okpara Square, Enugu to the Criminal Investigation Department where they submitted the five demands of the EndSARS protests. They were joined by musicians, Chinedu Izuchukwu Okoli known as Flavour, Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike, popularly known as Phyno and Zoro, a rapper. The protestors were later joined by the Deputy Governor of the State, Lolo Cecilia Ezeilo.[146][147]

Ebonyi State

On Tuesday, 13 October 2020, hundreds of protesters in Abakiliki, capital of Ebonyi State took to the streets with placards demanding an end to police brutality and the prosecution of guilty officers.[148]

Edo State

The #EndSARS protest in Benin City turned violent on Friday, 16 October 2020 as the protesters that gathered at the Edo State House of Assembly got attacked with stones and bullets by suspected thugs who claimed that the protesters disturbed their daily businesses. Two protesters were killed and many were injured in the attack.[149]

The protesters, in retaliation, took the fight back to where the thugs converged at the museum ground in King's Square (Ring Road) where they engaged in a brawl. The activities of the protesters left the Ring Road deserted due to fear of possible escalation of violence as motorists sought for alternative routes to their destination.[150]

The Edo State governor, Godwin Obaseki, condemned the attack on the #EndSARS protesters in Benin City by unidentified hoodlums. He stated that a thorough investigation would be effected immediately to bring the culprits to justice.[151] In a statement, the governor commissioned the Edo State police command to come out fully and provide appropriate security to the protesters, as they were exercising their rights as concerned citizens of Nigeria.[151]

According to him, "I have just learnt that hoodlums have attacked #EndSARS protesters, who have conducted themselves peacefully in Benin City. I extend condolences to the victims of the attacks, including those who lost their lives and others who were injured by the thugs. It is disheartening that anyone would attack a peaceful assembly of young people who are expressing genuine concerns over police brutality and intimidation in their own country. I hereby call on the Edo State Police Command to get out on the streets and provide adequate security for the protesters and ensure that no one is harassed in the course of exercising their rights."[152]

On 19 October 2020, news broke that "hoodlums" had stormed the correctional center in Edo state to free jailed inmates as part of the End SARS movement demands.[153][154]

Plateau State

Jos, the capital of Plateau State saw youths in their number storm the city centre demanding the disbandment of the newly created Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) police unit by the Inspector General of Police (IG), Mohammed Adamu.[155]

The protesters called on President Muhammadu Buhari and the Police Service Commission (PSC) to overhaul the entire Nigerian Police Force.[155]

Displaying placards with various inscriptions such as #EndSARS; #EndSWAT; "We don’t want SWAT"; "There’s no difference between SWAT and SARS"; "We want complete and total overhaul of all security apparatus in the country", the youths stormed the Plateau State House of Assembly, The Plateau State Government House and other major streets in the city, calling on the state and federal government and the Nigerian Police Force to take action over the spate of extrajudicial killings by the operatives of the Nigerian Police. Placing it in context of the state, they called on the government to look into the general issues of insecurity in Plateau State among other neighbouring states.[156]

20 October

On Tuesday 20 October 2020, while protest was going on, thugs hauled the Jos city biggest market, Terminus, where they burned cars, hauled shops and attacked unarmed #EndSARS protesters.[157]

Imo State

In Imo State, the protests started within the same date as other major states in Nigeria. It became more of destruction of police stations and violent protests after its peaceful beginning. Police stations were burnt in Orlu, Orji and Nworieubi. Soldiers were also killed too, but those reports were few. The violence escalated to an extent that it became dangerous to come out on the streets.

Voluntary donations

The on-going #EndSARS protests have been sustained by voluntary donations made by Nigerian citizens and the international community. There were voluntary donations of food items, water and professional services by lawyers and doctors for protesters.[158] Donations also came from local tech start-ups whose young male workers were constantly harassed by SARS and profiled as internet fraudsters because of laptops usually found in their possession.[159][160]

International protests

International demonstrations were organised by the Nigerian diaspora in Europe, the Americas, Oceania, and elsewhere in Africa.[161][162][163] Many Nigerian and Nigerian diaspora celebrities gave supportive statements on social media and took part in protests, while demonstrators pledged to continue until the demands were met.[164][165][166]

Canada

On Monday, 12 October 2020, Nigerians living in the Waterloo Region of Ontario organised a peaceful demonstration in support of the #EndSARs movement. The group gathered in the Waterloo Public Square chanting "What do we want? End SARS!"[167]

Germany

On Friday, 23 October, Nigerians and German sympathizers organized a demonstration of several hundred participants in support of the #ENDSARS movement in Stuttgart.

Hungary

On Wednesday, 22 October 2020, Nigerians, friends of Nigeria and Social Justice flooded the streets of Budapest in support of the #EndSARS protest in Nigeria. The Association of Nigerians in Hungary was led by Frederick Odorige the President, Precious Amaewhule, the Public Relations Officer, Felix Yellowee the Financial Secretary, Favour Opara, Fafore Adebowale and others.[citation needed] Protesters met in front of the Hungarian parliament by 10 a.m. and marched under police escort to the Office of the European Union where they submitted a letter requesting EU visa travel ban on some Nigerian politicians and heads of the Police and Army responsible for the killing of peaceful protesters and attack on the rights of the Nigerian people who demanded an end to police brutality.[citation needed]

They later moved from there to the Nigerian embassy where they were received by Ambassador Eniola Ajayi. Odorige addressed the protesters and the embassy staff on the embarrassment of Nigerians in diaspora due to the actions of the Nigerian government back home and the senseless killing of armless and law-abiding protesters by the Nigerian Army and Police. The protesters openly called for the resignation of President Muhammadu Buhari and the sack of the Inspector General of Police, Mohammed Adamu and the Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Yusuf Buratai. A letter was presented to the Ambassador who also addressed the protesters.[citation needed]

Ireland

Dublin

On Sunday, 11 October 2020, Nigerians in Dublin gathered in front of the Nigerian Embassy to show solidarity with the #EndSARS protests in Nigeria. They denounced police brutality and SARS.[168]

United Kingdom

London

On Sunday 11 October 2020, Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun, a popular Nigerian singer known as Wizkid, Dr Dipo Awojide and many other Nigerians led a protest in support of the EndSARS protest at the Nigeria High Commission, Thai Square, London. It has been reported that Wizkid has called out the Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari on Twitter over his silence on scrapping the notorious police unit.[169]

Manchester

On Saturday 17 October 2020, Nigerians and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration in Moston, Manchester, UK, in support of the #EndSARs movement.[170]

United States

New York

On Sunday, 11 October 2020, young Nigerians in New York converged at the Nigerian Consulate General in Midtown to protest against SARS. They shared their experiences with SARS while in Nigeria and asked that the outfit be totally disbanded so that young people can move freely without being profiled as criminals because of their dressing, accent or the type of vehicle they use.[171]

Michigan

On Sunday, 18 October 2020, Nigerians and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration at Southfield in support of the #EndSARs movement.[172]

Ohio

On Sunday, 25 October 2020, Nigerians in Diaspora and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration at Ohio State House, Columbus in support of the #EndSARs movement.[173]

South Africa

Protest ensued in Pretoria, South Africa on the 21st of October 2020 in solidarity with the protests that were going on in Nigeria and other parts of the world against the oppressive treatment of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS). Hundreds of Nigerian Nationals in black t-shirts and colors of the Nigerian flag, demonstrated towards the Nigerian Embassy condemning the brutality of SARS and the corrupt leadership in Nigeria.[174] According to one of the protesters, "There has been a lot of unlawful killings in Nigeria and brutality from the police and army. Now the youth has woken up and we’re saying they should stop killing us,"[174]

Also in Cape Town, protesters came together in front of the parliament building to express how they felt about the dysfunctionality of the Nigerian government as the police force appointed to protect the citizens were the same set of people killing them and extorting from them for no just cause.[175]

Role of the internet

The 2020 EndSARS protest was largely effective due to the use of digital technology, particularly the internet. Nigerian youths tagged the 'soro soke' generation started the protest from Twitter before taking it to the streets.[176] 'Soro soke' is a Yoruba phrase which means 'speak louder'. It was used on social media and offline to encourage people to speak up in protest.[177][178]

On 9 October 2020, the #EndSARS hashtag trended globally on social media. A report analysis showed that the online protest was responsible for 48 million mentions and Tweets from 5 million unique authors on Twitter between 5 October and 14 October 2020.[179] EndSARS protests, which started 8 October 2020, are still ongoing in major cities across the country and have attracted international mainstream media attention. It brought to the consciousness of the global world the injustice meted out on the Nigerian youth by SARS men and kept the Nigerian government on their tiptoes in a never seen before fashion.

The campaign has witnessed reactions on social media from international celebrities such as Cardi B, Beyonce, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Rihanna, Trey Songz, Big Sean, Jidenna, John Boyega, Kanye West, Drake, Diddy, Lewis Hamilton, among others, including footballers, Marcus Rashford, Odion Ighalo, and Mesut Ozil.[180][181][182][183][184][185] The EndSARS protest was endorsed by Jack Dorsey, the C.E.O of Twitter with a unique emoji, and he promoted donations for the protest using Bitcoin[186] With the news that SARS had been disbanded, Nigerians took the news with a grain of salt and carried on with pressing their demands for total disengagement of the unit and wide-ranging reform of the force. The hashtag on social media changed from #EndSARS to #SARSMustEnd! With the announcement of a new unit, Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT), by the Nigerian Police to replace SARS, the hashtag for the protests quickly changed to #EndSWAT on Twitter.[187] EndSWAT also trended.[188]

On Thursday, 15 October 2020, Google Africa made a statement on its Twitter handle in support of the End SARS protests condemning police intimidation, oppression, and brutality while urging the government to speedily intervene and resolve the crisis.[189]

Although the protest was cut short untimely on 20 October 2020 due to the Lekki Toll Gate Shooting, it lasted that long due to the internet. Mobilization of protesters, communication, and real-time updates took place via social media. Equally, funds to keep the protest going were raised on the internet. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) initially ordered banks to freeze about 20 accounts linked to the protest fundraising,[190] but cryptocurrency soon became an option. With the help of the Feminists Coalition, which was at the forefront of fundraising for the protest, about N87.4 million was raised.[191] They disbursed funds for mental health support, security on protest grounds, medical emergency response, and relief for victims of SARS brutality and families of victims of extrajudicial killings.

EndSARS Legal aid led by Modupe Odele created a network of over 400 volunteer lawyers across Nigeria, representing illegally detained protesters.[192] Nigerians and certain brands donated food, drinks, nose masks, and sometimes raincoats after calls were made on social media. The EndSARS Online Radio provided entertainment when needed and communication for youth protesting from remote places. Protesters were also connected to safe spaces to hide when there is chaos via the internet. And this is not forgetting that petitions played a huge role in getting the attention of international bodies, and they were signed on the internet.

Celebrity actions

Many celebrities and Black Lives Matter activists wrote letters directed to President Buhari demanding justice for and the humane treatment of Nigerian people during the protests. Buhari was also urged to free jailed protestors. A letter organised by the Black Lives Matter co-founder Opal Tometi was signed by celebrities Alicia Keys, Donald Glover, Mark Ruffalo, and Kerry Washington, activist Greta Thunberg, as well as writers Reni Eddo-Lodge, Naomi Klein, and Afua Hirsch.[193]

Aftermath

“The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) of the Nigeria Police Force was dissolved with immediate effect", a statement from the office of the president, Muhammadu Buhari.[194][195] The Lagos State Government through the office of the Governor, Babajide Sanwolu denied any involvement or alleged massacre at the Lekki toll gate.[196] However, the Nigerian Army, claimed to be invited by the Lagos State Government, but never shoot at protesters or using live ammunitions.[197][198] The Lagos State Government on the 19th of October, 2020 setup a four man Judiciary Panel Committee[199] led by Lagos State Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice, Mr. Moyosore Onigbanjo (SAN), Other members of the committee are; Commissioner for Youths and Social Development, Mr. Segun Dawodu; Special Adviser, Works and Infrastructure, Engr. (Mrs) Aramide Adeyoye and Permanent Secretary, Cabinet Office, Mrs. Tolani Oshodi. The committee was to look into the activities of SARS, the panel was also saddled with the investigation of the shootings that took place on October 20, 2020, at the Lekki Tollgate. The Panel presented a white paper[200] on the 0th of November, 2021.[201][202][203] Although, some prominent Nigerians like Femi Falana (SAN) and Festus Keyamo (SAN) challenge the constitutional legality of the panel.[204][205]

See also

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April 28, 2023
sars, this, article, about, nigerian, social, movement, viral, respiratory, disease, sars, other, uses, sars, disambiguation, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, july, 2022. This article is about the Nigerian social movement For the viral respiratory disease see SARS For other uses see SARS disambiguation This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2022 EndSARS is a decentralised social movement and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria The slogan calls for the disbanding of the Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS a notorious unit of the Nigerian Police with a long record of abuse on Nigerian citizens 2 3 The protest takes its name from the slogan started in 2017 as a Twitter campaign using the hashtag EndSARS to demand the disbanding of the unit by the Nigerian government 4 5 6 After experiencing a revitalisation in October 2020 following more revelations of the abuses of the unit mass demonstrations occurred throughout the major cities of Nigeria accompanied by vociferous outrage on social media platforms About 28 million tweets bearing the hashtag have been accumulated on Twitter alone 7 Solidarity protests and demonstrations by Nigerians in diaspora and sympathizers occurred in many major cities of the world The protests are notable for its patronage by a demographic that is made of entirely young Nigerians 8 9 The movement has since expanded to include demands for good and accountable governance considering the unprecedented hardship in the country End SARSDate2020 presentLocationInternational largely in NigeriaCaused byKillings assaults and harassment by SARS officials in Nigeria lack of freedom of expressionMethodsProtest demonstrations online activism civil disobedience marchesStatusOngoing SARS unit dissolved on 11 October 2020 Protesting on 20 October 2020 led to several deaths Parties to the civil conflictProtesters no centralised leadership Government of Nigeria Nigerian Armed Forces Nigerian Army Nigerian Police SARS Pro government citizensCasualtiesDeath s 51 civilians 1 11 policemen 1 7 soldiers 1 Official websiteWithin a few days of protests on 11 October 2020 the Nigerian Police Force announced that it was dissolving the unit with immediate effect The move was widely received as a triumph of the demonstrations 10 However it was noted in many quarters that similar announcements had been made in recent years to pacify the public without the unit actually being disbanded and that the government had merely planned to reassign and review SARS officers to medical centres rather than disband the unit entirely 11 Protests have continued accordingly and the Nigerian government has maintained a pattern of violent repression including the killing of demonstrators 12 There have been international demonstrations in solidarity with those happening in the country and the movement has also grown increasingly critical of Muhammadu Buhari s government response to the protests 13 SARS officers have been alleged to profile young Nigerians mostly males based on fashion choices tattoos and hairstyles They were also known to mount illegal road blocks conduct unwarranted checks and searches arrest and detain without warrant or trial rape women and extort young male Nigerians for driving exotic vehicles and using laptops and iPhones 14 Nigerians have shared both stories and video evidence of how officers of SARS engaged in kidnapping murder theft rape torture unlawful arrests humiliation unlawful detention extrajudicial killings and extortion of Nigerian citizens A large section of the victims of the abuses of SARS have been young male Nigerians 15 16 Contents 1 Background 2 Initial protests and reaction 3 October 2020 second wave 3 1 Five demands 3 2 Nigerian Government response 3 3 Central bank freezes account of protesters 4 Timeline of events 4 1 8 October 4 2 9 October 4 3 10 October 4 4 11 October 4 5 12 October 4 6 13 October 4 7 14 October 4 8 15 October 4 9 16 October 4 10 20 October The Lekki Toll Gate Shooting 4 11 21 October 4 12 22 October 5 February 2021 protest against the reopening of Lekki toll gate 6 2021 End SARS Memorial protest 7 Nigerian protests by state 7 1 Delta State 7 2 Anambra State 7 3 Abia State 7 4 Kwara State 7 5 Osun State 7 6 Rivers State 7 7 Ogun State 7 8 Enugu State 7 9 Ebonyi State 7 10 Edo State 7 11 Plateau State 7 11 1 20 October 7 12 Imo State 8 Voluntary donations 9 International protests 9 1 Canada 9 2 Germany 9 3 Hungary 9 4 Ireland 9 4 1 Dublin 9 5 United Kingdom 9 5 1 London 9 5 2 Manchester 9 6 United States 9 6 1 New York 9 6 2 Michigan 9 6 3 Ohio 9 7 South Africa 10 Role of the internet 11 Celebrity actions 12 Aftermath 13 See also 14 ReferencesBackground EditThe Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS was a branch of the Nigeria Police Force under the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department SCIID It was founded in late 1992 as one of the 14 units in the Force Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department which was established to detain investigate and prosecute people involved in crimes like armed robbery kidnapping and other violent crimes 17 The squad was created as a masked police unit to perform undercover operations against violent crimes like armed robbery car snatching kidnapping cattle rustling and the bearing and use of illegal firearms 18 SARS had been accused of several human rights violations illegal stop and searches illegal arrests and detentions extrajudicial killings sexual harassment of women and brutalising of young male Nigerians The human rights abuses were documented in trending videos on social media 19 In 2017 Nigerian activists youth and celebrities across the nation took to the streets in a peaceful protest to spread awareness of SARS brutality and extortions and to demand its disbanding The protests also moved to social media using the hashtag EndSARS 20 21 22 A 2016 report 23 by Amnesty International indicted SARS maintaining that the squad was responsible for human rights abuses cruelty degrading treatment of Nigerians in their custody and other widespread torture Some of the human rights abuses by SARS include the shooting of their detainees in the leg mock executions and threats of execution hanging and physical assault 24 A 2020 publication by the organisation documented 82 cases of abuses and extra judicial killings by SARS between January 2017 and May 2020 25 Initial protests and reaction EditAmnesty International accused the SARS officials of regularly detaining young male Nigerians illegally and extorting money from their relatives 4 In 2018 Nigerian rapper Michael Ugochukwu Stephens professionally known Ruggedman joined the campaign to end police brutality by releasing a single titled Is Police Your Friend 26 In 2017 a petition signed by 10 195 people was submitted to Nigeria s National Assembly calling for a total disbandment of SARS 27 A few Senators backed the call for total disbandment of the unit 28 Consideration was given to reforming the force rather than full disbandment due to the number of cases falling 29 30 The campaigners moved from social media using the EndSARS hashtag to an organized peaceful protests in Abuja Lagos Ibadan Osun Benin Ughelli Warri Ilorin Ogbomosho Owerri Jos Kaduna Calabar 31 21 and other Nigerian cities and states threatening to continue if the government refused to disband the force 32 33 34 Not only were there campaigners in Nigeria utilising the hashtag and having protests but they were also done in London and some parts of America recognizing this situation as a global event In response to the campaign Nigeria Police Force Public Relations Officer Jimoh Moshood accused the campaigners of being criminals 35 Despite this Inspector General of Nigeria Police Force Ibrahim K Idris ordered the reform and reorganisation of SARS 36 October 2020 second wave EditSee also Lekki Massacre On Saturday 3 October 2020 a video showing a SARS police officer shooting a young Nigerian in front of Westown Hotel Ikeja Lagos State trended on the Internet It was alleged that the police officers took away the young man s vehicle a Lexus SUV 37 The trending video caused public outcry on social media especially on Twitter with the ENDSARS hashtag trending 38 Just as the ENDSARS trend began on Twitter on Monday 5 October 2020 another report surfaced of SARS officers killing a 20 year old upcoming musician named Daniel Chibuike popularly called Sleek in his neighbourhood 39 Sleek was said to be sitting in front of a hotel with a friend when the SARS officers approached them prompting them to flee According to an eyewitness the SARS men pursued the pair shouting thief before shooting Sleek as they ran through a supermarket 39 His friend was arrested On Thursday 8 October 2020 nationwide protests on ENDSARS started after weeks of outrage and anger with videos and pictures showing police brutality harassment and extortion in Nigeria The protests were led predominantly by young Nigerians in different cities alongside many activists and celebrities 40 Nigeria Police Force disrupted the protests in some cities throwing teargas using water cannons and shooting at unarmed peaceful protesters as seen in Abuja and Osun 41 This led to the death of Jimoh Isiaq in Ogbomoso Oyo State 42 14 43 44 45 By Wednesday 14 October 2020 the End SARS protests were still on going with young people in different parts of Nigeria intensifying their calls for reforms and accountability in police operations 46 On October 20 the Nigerian Army murdered protesters at the Lekki tollgate The government and army deny these allegations till date Five demands Edit On Sunday 11 October 2020 the protestors made a list of five demands to be met by the Federal Government of Nigeria The demands which were signed by A Nigerian Youth demanded for the immediate release of all arrested during the protests as well as justice and compensation for all who died through police brutality in Nigeria They also demanded that an independent body be set up within 10 days to investigate and prosecute all reports of police misconduct The protestors also asked for the psychological evaluation and retraining of SARS operatives before they are deployed to any other police unit Lastly they asked for adequate increase in the salaries for officers of the Nigerian police 47 Nigerian Government response Edit In response to the public outcry on police brutality the Inspector General of the Nigeria Police banned the FSARS Special Tactical Squad STS Intelligence Response Team IRT Anti Cultism Squad and other tactical units from mounting of roadblocks checkpoints stop and search and other routine and patrols Similar bans had been announced multiple times over the previous four years causing citizens of Nigeria to question whether the bans would actually be upheld There were further reports of SARS officers involved in killings across the country 48 As this was the fourth time that the Nigerian government had announced a similar ban on SARS activity 49 protesters insisted that the notorious police unit be entirely disbanded and wide ranging reform of the force to follow 50 On 19 October 2020 President Muhammadu Buhari reacted to the continuation of the movement by warning young Nigerians of anarchists that were allegedly attempting to hijack the protests 51 and stated that the federal government would not tolerate anarchy in the country 52 Central bank freezes account of protesters Edit On Tuesday 20 October 2020 the Central Bank of Nigeria and its Governor Godwin Emefiele obtained an exparte motion to freeze the accounts of notable participants in the End SARS protest In an exclusive report by Peoples Gazette court documents showed that the Central Bank of Nigeria failed to give any justification for the freezing order Twenty protesters with banking with Access Bank plc Fidelity Bank Nigeria First Bank of Nigeria Guaranty Trust Bank United Bank for Africa and Zenith Bank had all accounts linked to them placed under post no debit 53 54 Timeline of events Edit8 October Edit Lagos State governor Babajide Sanwo Olu addressing protesters gathered at Alausa Lagos Nigerian youths protested on EndSARS at the Lagos State Governor s House on Thursday 8 October and slept at the gate of the government house till Friday 9 October 2020 when the Deputy Governor addressed the protesters 55 Among the Lagos State EndSARS Protesters were celebrities Falz Runtown Don Jazzy Olu Jacobs Eedris Abdulkareem and a host of others including several comedians and other media personalities 56 9 October Edit Resting protesters in Lagos NigeriaOn Friday 9 October 2020 the Deputy Governor of Lagos State Femi Hamzat addressed the protesters and acknowledged that police officers do not have the right to trample on the rights of law abiding citizens based on their appearance or on items in their possession He condemned police brutality and promised that the Lagos government will take action necessary to end it 57 58 The deputy governor also stated that four years previously he had been harassed by SARS police who were not in uniform 59 60 The Lagos State House of Assembly held an emergency parliamentary sitting to deliberate the petition of the EndSARS protesters The parliamentarians made a seven point resolution as follows Nigeria s Senate and House of Assembly should probe FSARS the Police Commissioner should protect protesters molestation of youths should be stopped institution of public inquiry on the extrajudicial killings by Senate President and the House of Representatives Speaker proscription of SARS and its replacement by a new unit with a clear code of conduct and sanction of illegalities 61 Nigerian youths protested on EndSARS 62 at the headquarters of Nigeria Police Force in Federal Capital Territory Abuja and vow to camp at headquarters till Inspector General of Police Mohammed Adamu addresses them 63 10 October Edit While the protest continued on Saturday 10 October 2020 the Nigerian police started dispersing the youths with tear gas and water The co convener of Bring Back Our Girls Aisha Yesufu Rinu Oduala popularly called SavvyRinu on Twitter and other protesters were reportedly manhandled by the Nigerian police 64 The EndSARS protest in Ogbomosho Oyo State turned violent as Nigerian police were alleged to have injured seven protesters and shot dead a young man known as Jimoh Isiaka during the protest Traditional Rulers used the Nigerian Police to forcefully send back protesters Jimoh Isiaka was taken to Bowen University Teaching Hospital for medical care and later died at the hospital In response to the death of the protesters the commissioner of police of Oyo State Nwachukwu Enwonwu denied the allegation that the police killed the protester He said that the police used tear gas to prevent protesters from attacking and entering the police station The governor of Oyo State Seyi Makinde sent a condolence message on the demise of the protester and promised to investigate the incident 65 66 11 October Edit On Sunday 11 October 2020 Nigeria s Inspector General of Police Mohammed Adamu announced the dissolution of SARS Many Nigerians within the movement criticised the announcement however pointing out that similar promises had been made in earlier years and that the government s plan was to reassign SARS officers to other police departments rather than eliminate them from the force entirely 11 The protests continue despite the dissolution as many do not believe the pronouncement 67 David Adeleke a popular musician known as Davido joined a group of EndSARS protesters in Abuja to call for the end police brutality and the notorious police unit in the city The police started dispersing the protesters with tear gas live bullets and water cannons 68 Three more protestors were shot dead in Ogbomoso Oyo State following a killing the day before 69 12 October Edit On Monday 12 October 2020 the Governor of Lagos State Babajide Sanwo Olu and the Minister of Police Affairs Maigari Dingyadi urged protestors to believe that SARS has been disbanded 70 On Monday 12 October 2020 the Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike announced that the End SARS protests are disallowed in Rivers State He banned all forms of protests in Rivers State 71 On Monday 12 October 2020 the Governor of Oyo State Seyi Makinde barred Police from engaging with the protestors in order to avert further casualties from the pandemic 72 A bystander watching the protest was shot dead by members of the Nigeria Police Force in Surulere while leaving 4 injured and they also arrested and detained peaceful Protesters 12 The protests in Lagos at Lekki Epe Expressway toll gate Murtala Mohammed International airport toll gate Alausa Ikorodu Road and Yaba caused heavy traffic gridlock and crippled businesses as young people continued to demand EndSARS SARSMustEnd 73 74 Protests continued in Abuja as young people continued to march against police harassment brutality and extortion They blocked the Berger roundabout to draw attention to their demands Earlier on in the day the protestors had been challenged by Pro SARS sympathizers who were marching in support of the Inspector General of Police Mohammed Adamu and the Nigerian President Muhammed Buhari under the aegis of Citizens Action for Good Governance 75 Protesters in Oyo State with placards calling for the disbandment of SARS an end to police brutality extortion and extrajudicial killing demonstrated in front of University of Ibadan and Iwo Road in Ibadan 76 The protests locked down Iwo Road making vehicular movement to be at a standstill 77 13 October Edit EndSARS protesters in LagosOn Tuesday 13 October 2020 Ifeanyi Okowa the Governor of Delta State said that the EndSARS protest is a result of failed leadership The Governor also announced the constitution of a five member Police Complaints Committee with two representatives from youth organisations 78 The Governor had earlier appealed to the police to desist from harassing the protesters as people were free to express grievances in a democratic dispensation 79 On Tuesday 13 October 2020 the Public Relations Officer of the Nigerian Police Force Frank Mba announced the setting up of a Special Weapon and Tactics Team SWAT to replace SARS The new outfit which was expected to take off within the next 7 days was to undergo psychological and medical evaluation to determine their fitness 62 The protest was taken to the National Assembly Moving from Banex junction Abuja protesters peacefully marched to the junction leading to the National Assembly around 2 p m where they were stopped by soldiers who violently resisted their movement and injured some protesters in the process 80 ARISE TV news crew who were recording the fracas at the entry of the National Assembly were attacked Ferdinard Duruoha was one of the crew members who were assaulted while Francis Ogbonna a cameraman with the same news outfit was attacked the previous day while covering the announcement of dissolution of SARS by the Inspector General of Police 81 The Governor of Lagos State promised to set up a two hundred million naira N200M fund for residents of the State who have been victims of police brutality 82 He met with President Muhammadu Buhari to present the demands of the protesters in Lagos State 83 A video surfaced from this meeting showing the President chuckle as the Governor talked about his state s compensation fund for victims The President s actions met a lot of negative criticisms from Nigerians 84 According to a press release signed by spokesman of the president Femi Adesina the Nigerian Government had agreed to the five demands of the End SARS protestors The agreement was reached at a meeting organised by the Office of the Inspector General of Police and National Human Rights Commission NHRC was attended by stakeholders which include officials of Ministry of Police Affairs and Police Service Commission representatives of Civil Society organisations and activists from the entertainment industry and EndSARS movement 85 86 The protests continued in Lagos Young people carrying placards denouncing SARS and appealing for an end to police harassment extortion and brutality blocked the Lagos Ibadan expressway 87 14 October Edit On Wednesday 14 October 2020 protesters in Lagos were attacked with cutlasses sticks and charms 88 In Abuja protesters were attacked by people with cutlasses and cudgels at Berger roundabout Cars were destroyed and some of the protestors were injured 89 90 15 October Edit On Thursday 15 October 2020 the prohibition of demonstrations in the Federal Capital Territory Security Committee was announced The decision was taken at a meeting which held on Wednesday 14 October 2020 and which was chaired by FCT Minister Malam Muhammad Bello The announcement recognised the rights of citizens to gather and demonstrate however it went on to point out that the EndSARS protests were unruly caused discomfort to people violated COVID 19 protocols and should be discontinued in view of the fact that Government had met the demands of the protesters 91 Nigerians thought this absurd since there had been elections in Ondo and Edo along with massive rallies in preceding weeks 92 Buhari s daughter had also had her wedding ceremony 93 At the peak of the pandemic Abba Kyari late Chief of Staff to the President of Nigeria was buried without adherence to COVID 19 guidelines 94 People conveyed by Lagos state buses attacked protesters near the state secretariat in Alausa 95 16 October Edit On Friday 16 October 2020 the hacktivist group Anonymous hacked the Twitter account of the National Broadcasting Commission and posted a message which stated We Anonymous will continue supporting Nigerians in a support for the ongoing protests 96 Thousands of protesters gathered at the Admiralty Way Plaza toll gate Lekki and at the Lagos State Government Secretariat Alausa Ikeja to hold a candlelight session for the various victims of SARS police killings 97 98 A day after the FCTA banned protests across the Federal Capital Territory amidst fear of a second wave of the COVID 19 outbreak due to the protests 99 youths protesting against police brutality and abuses moved their protest from City gate to Airport road where they obstructed both incoming and outgoing commuters thereby causing a gridlock leaving thousands stranded 100 20 October The Lekki Toll Gate Shooting Edit Further information Lekki massacre Following violent escalations which included attacks by agitators against both protesters and police the governor of Lagos State Babajide Sanwo Olu declared a state wide 24 hour curfew 101 effective 4 00 PM WAT on 20 October During this time images of some persons alleged to be working with the Lagos State Government and the Lekki Concession Company removing cameras later confirmed by the Lagos State Government to be laser cameras and not CCTV cameras as earlier publicized on social media 102 at the toll gate circulated on End SARS on Twitter and street lights at the toll gate vicinity were turned off A few hours later it was reported that armed men of the Nigerian Army arrived at the scene of the protest and opened fire on peaceful and unarmed protesters thereby resulting in a disputed number of deaths A clip of the shooting videoed by a brave Nigerian youth DJ Switch trended on the Internet showing how live round of bullets were being shot at innocent protesters who crouched on the ground holding hands together and singing the Nigerian National Anthem There were also reports that at least 50 other people were injured However the Lagos State government later reported that the shooting resulted in up to 25 injured and only 2 dead 103 Despite the fact that the curfew was extended till 9 00 PM soldiers of the Nigerian Army started shooting before 7 00 PM 104 105 106 107 108 In November 2020 the National Economic Council NEC announced that each state and the Federal Capital Territory FCT Abuja should establish a judicial panel of inquiry to investigate cases of police brutality against protesters and compensate the victims as well as human rights violations 109 110 The Judicial Panel of Inquiry and Restitution for Victims of the Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS released a report on November 15 2021 sharing their findings 111 112 21 October Edit Following the killings on 20 October video evidence showed that more shootings were still being carried out by the Nigerian Army and the Nigerian Police on the unarmed protesters Some people also attacked and burnt buildings vehicles TV stations and raided the Oba of Lagos palace 113 The governor of Lagos had said that there were no casualties from the incident of the previous day but later tweeted that there had been reports of one casualty which negated the report sent in by various Twitter and Instagram users who had live recordings of the killings While the protesters gathered again at the Lekki toll gate where the shooting took place on Tuesday 20 October they were forced out by police 113 While the protesters defied the curfew imposed by the Lagos state Governor hoodlums burnt about 30 government buses at a bus station Also burnt was Television Continental Station TVC linked to a former governor of the state Bola Ahmed Tinubu who is a national leader of the ruling All Progressives Congress APC 114 115 About seven people were reportedly killed within 24 hours since soldiers opened fire at protesters in Lagos Authorities did not deny carrying out a crackdown but refused to claim the deaths as of 21 October 2020 Brutality by the police forces made the protesters more angry intensifying the scale of the protests 116 22 October Edit On Thursday 22 October it was reported that armed men began shooting at protesters in Oyigbo Port Harcourt 117 118 119 The attackers allegedly broke into homes killing people inside and then torching down properties February 2021 protest against the reopening of Lekki toll gate EditAfter the Nigerian government announced that activities at the Lekki toll gate would restart Nigerians not satisfied with the decision to restart activities at a symbolic site where reportedly unarmed citizens died during the End SARS protest called for a fresh protest to start at 7am on 13 February 2021 120 On 13 February 2021 security agencies were at the site reportedly armed and awaiting the protesters It was reported that a Nigerian internet comedian named Mr Macaroni and others who came to observe the peaceful protest were arrested 121 2021 End SARS Memorial protest EditFurther information 2021 End SARS memorial protest After the aftermath of End SARS protest End SARS Activists announced that there would be a memorial to mark the Lekki Shootings On 19 October 2021 Mr Macaroni and Falz announced that the protest will be carried out by cars in accordance with the message by the Lagos State Police force which prohibited any form of protest The protest took place mostly in Lagos Abuja Port Harcourt among others Nigerian protests by state EditDelta State Edit On Saturday 10 October 2020 the EndSARS protest started from the Ekiugbo section of Ughelli Delta State went through the Ughelli Market Ughelli Area Command and Isoko Road The protests led to traffic gridlocks at the Ughelli Patani section of the East West Road However at Otovwodo Junction fracas ensued as the peaceful protest assumed took another turn when hoodlums motorcycle rider and others joined the youths A police officer Corporal Etaga Stanley of A Division Ughelli was disarmed killed and his weapon and ammunition taken 122 123 On Wednesday 14 October 2020 young people in Effurun and Warri Delta State joined in the protests 124 Anambra State Edit On Saturday 10 October 2020 hundreds of young people gathered at Ekwueme Square Awka in the morning hours and peacefully marched past the Eke Awka market and through the major streets of the town with placards 125 SARS Awkuzu which is well known for human rights abuses is located in Anambra State 126 The protests continued in Onitsha the commercial nerve centre of Anambra State on Monday 12 October with protesters demanding that SARS be completely disbanded 127 Protests continued in Awka on Wednesday 14 October 2020 with protesters demanding for a total reform of the Nigerian Police Force 128 On Friday 16 October 2020 EndSARS protesters including popular musicians and Anambra indigenes Phyno Flavour KCee MasterKraft marched from Awka the state capital to Awkuzu town where the dreaded SARS unit 129 is situated calling for the total shutdown of the office 130 The peaceful protesters were shot at by the officers of the supposedly dissolved SARS 131 132 Abia State Edit A similar protest was held simultaneously in Umuahia capital of Abia State by other youths in the state They visited the police headquarters on Bende Road and Abịa State House of Assembly as well as the Abia Government House 133 In Aba the state s commercial nerve centre youths took to the streets protesting police brutality on citizens 134 In a statement on his Twitter handle the governor said I have taken note of the peaceful protests tagged EndSARS and wish to assure Abịa youth and the general public that we will take up their concerns and ensure that your voices are heard at the right quarters 133 135 Kwara State Edit On Thursday 8 October 2020 the campaigners against the excesses of the Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS the police squad known for its human rights abuses and extrajudicial killings marched peacefully through some streets of Ilorin Kwara state capital 136 demanding outright ban of operations of SARS by the Nigeria Police 137 On 12 October 2020 protesters surrounded the Kwara State government house where on behalf of Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq the Deputy Governor Kayode Alabi assured that their complaints have been heard 138 Osun State Edit On Monday 12 October 2020 protesters in Osogbo Osun State took to the streets of the capital town to protest against SARS with placards demanding that the squad be disbanded The protests which took off from Olaiya junction and moved to the State House of Assembly caused traffic disruptions at the gate of government house Osogbo as the protesters demanded that the Governor address them 139 140 Rivers State Edit Aggrieved Nigerians in Port Harcourt Rivers State on Tuesday 13 2020 took to the streets of Port Harcourt Rivers state capital to protest against police brutality in defiance to the directive of the State Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike who had earlier issued a statement to the general public that all forms of protests have been banned throughout the State The state governor having observed this defiance by the protesters joined them in solidarity citing how Rivers State citizens had suffered so much police brutality carried out by members of SARS 141 142 Ogun State Edit Fifteen EndSARS protestors were arrested in Ogun State 143 While others were released three of the protesters Adeniji Sodiq Mutairu Faruq and Olatoye Joseph who were arrested at the palace of the king of Owu on Friday 9 October 2020 were charged for murder by the police After review of all evidence and as recommended by the Ogun State Attorney General the Governor Dapo Abiodun gave orders for their release as the charges against the protesters were withdrawn 144 At Akute Ajuwon Agbole axis Ogun State Femi Kuti an Afrobeat musician the son of late music icon Fela Kuti joined the protests and helped to stop many protesters from being arrested 145 Enugu State Edit On Tuesday 13 October 2020 hundreds of protesters from different parts of Enugu State with placards denouncing and asking for the end to SARS police brutality extortion and harassment converged and moved from Okpara Square Enugu to the Criminal Investigation Department where they submitted the five demands of the EndSARS protests They were joined by musicians Chinedu Izuchukwu Okoli known as Flavour Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike popularly known as Phyno and Zoro a rapper The protestors were later joined by the Deputy Governor of the State Lolo Cecilia Ezeilo 146 147 Ebonyi State Edit On Tuesday 13 October 2020 hundreds of protesters in Abakiliki capital of Ebonyi State took to the streets with placards demanding an end to police brutality and the prosecution of guilty officers 148 Edo State Edit The EndSARS protest in Benin City turned violent on Friday 16 October 2020 as the protesters that gathered at the Edo State House of Assembly got attacked with stones and bullets by suspected thugs who claimed that the protesters disturbed their daily businesses Two protesters were killed and many were injured in the attack 149 The protesters in retaliation took the fight back to where the thugs converged at the museum ground in King s Square Ring Road where they engaged in a brawl The activities of the protesters left the Ring Road deserted due to fear of possible escalation of violence as motorists sought for alternative routes to their destination 150 The Edo State governor Godwin Obaseki condemned the attack on the EndSARS protesters in Benin City by unidentified hoodlums He stated that a thorough investigation would be effected immediately to bring the culprits to justice 151 In a statement the governor commissioned the Edo State police command to come out fully and provide appropriate security to the protesters as they were exercising their rights as concerned citizens of Nigeria 151 According to him I have just learnt that hoodlums have attacked EndSARS protesters who have conducted themselves peacefully in Benin City I extend condolences to the victims of the attacks including those who lost their lives and others who were injured by the thugs It is disheartening that anyone would attack a peaceful assembly of young people who are expressing genuine concerns over police brutality and intimidation in their own country I hereby call on the Edo State Police Command to get out on the streets and provide adequate security for the protesters and ensure that no one is harassed in the course of exercising their rights 152 On 19 October 2020 news broke that hoodlums had stormed the correctional center in Edo state to free jailed inmates as part of the End SARS movement demands 153 154 Plateau State Edit Jos the capital of Plateau State saw youths in their number storm the city centre demanding the disbandment of the newly created Special Weapons and Tactics SWAT police unit by the Inspector General of Police IG Mohammed Adamu 155 The protesters called on President Muhammadu Buhari and the Police Service Commission PSC to overhaul the entire Nigerian Police Force 155 Displaying placards with various inscriptions such as EndSARS EndSWAT We don t want SWAT There s no difference between SWAT and SARS We want complete and total overhaul of all security apparatus in the country the youths stormed the Plateau State House of Assembly The Plateau State Government House and other major streets in the city calling on the state and federal government and the Nigerian Police Force to take action over the spate of extrajudicial killings by the operatives of the Nigerian Police Placing it in context of the state they called on the government to look into the general issues of insecurity in Plateau State among other neighbouring states 156 20 October Edit On Tuesday 20 October 2020 while protest was going on thugs hauled the Jos city biggest market Terminus where they burned cars hauled shops and attacked unarmed EndSARS protesters 157 Imo State Edit In Imo State the protests started within the same date as other major states in Nigeria It became more of destruction of police stations and violent protests after its peaceful beginning Police stations were burnt in Orlu Orji and Nworieubi Soldiers were also killed too but those reports were few The violence escalated to an extent that it became dangerous to come out on the streets Voluntary donations EditThe on going EndSARS protests have been sustained by voluntary donations made by Nigerian citizens and the international community There were voluntary donations of food items water and professional services by lawyers and doctors for protesters 158 Donations also came from local tech start ups whose young male workers were constantly harassed by SARS and profiled as internet fraudsters because of laptops usually found in their possession 159 160 International protests EditInternational demonstrations were organised by the Nigerian diaspora in Europe the Americas Oceania and elsewhere in Africa 161 162 163 Many Nigerian and Nigerian diaspora celebrities gave supportive statements on social media and took part in protests while demonstrators pledged to continue until the demands were met 164 165 166 Canada Edit On Monday 12 October 2020 Nigerians living in the Waterloo Region of Ontario organised a peaceful demonstration in support of the EndSARs movement The group gathered in the Waterloo Public Square chanting What do we want End SARS 167 Germany Edit On Friday 23 October Nigerians and German sympathizers organized a demonstration of several hundred participants in support of the ENDSARS movement in Stuttgart Hungary Edit On Wednesday 22 October 2020 Nigerians friends of Nigeria and Social Justice flooded the streets of Budapest in support of the EndSARS protest in Nigeria The Association of Nigerians in Hungary was led by Frederick Odorige the President Precious Amaewhule the Public Relations Officer Felix Yellowee the Financial Secretary Favour Opara Fafore Adebowale and others citation needed Protesters met in front of the Hungarian parliament by 10 a m and marched under police escort to the Office of the European Union where they submitted a letter requesting EU visa travel ban on some Nigerian politicians and heads of the Police and Army responsible for the killing of peaceful protesters and attack on the rights of the Nigerian people who demanded an end to police brutality citation needed They later moved from there to the Nigerian embassy where they were received by Ambassador Eniola Ajayi Odorige addressed the protesters and the embassy staff on the embarrassment of Nigerians in diaspora due to the actions of the Nigerian government back home and the senseless killing of armless and law abiding protesters by the Nigerian Army and Police The protesters openly called for the resignation of President Muhammadu Buhari and the sack of the Inspector General of Police Mohammed Adamu and the Chief of Army Staff Tukur Yusuf Buratai A letter was presented to the Ambassador who also addressed the protesters citation needed Ireland Edit Dublin Edit On Sunday 11 October 2020 Nigerians in Dublin gathered in front of the Nigerian Embassy to show solidarity with the EndSARS protests in Nigeria They denounced police brutality and SARS 168 United Kingdom Edit London Edit On Sunday 11 October 2020 Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun a popular Nigerian singer known as Wizkid Dr Dipo Awojide and many other Nigerians led a protest in support of the EndSARS protest at the Nigeria High Commission Thai Square London It has been reported that Wizkid has called out the Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari on Twitter over his silence on scrapping the notorious police unit 169 Manchester Edit On Saturday 17 October 2020 Nigerians and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration in Moston Manchester UK in support of the EndSARs movement 170 United States Edit New York Edit On Sunday 11 October 2020 young Nigerians in New York converged at the Nigerian Consulate General in Midtown to protest against SARS They shared their experiences with SARS while in Nigeria and asked that the outfit be totally disbanded so that young people can move freely without being profiled as criminals because of their dressing accent or the type of vehicle they use 171 Michigan Edit On Sunday 18 October 2020 Nigerians and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration at Southfield in support of the EndSARs movement 172 Ohio Edit On Sunday 25 October 2020 Nigerians in Diaspora and other supporters organised a peaceful demonstration at Ohio State House Columbus in support of the EndSARs movement 173 South Africa Edit Protest ensued in Pretoria South Africa on the 21st of October 2020 in solidarity with the protests that were going on in Nigeria and other parts of the world against the oppressive treatment of the Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS Hundreds of Nigerian Nationals in black t shirts and colors of the Nigerian flag demonstrated towards the Nigerian Embassy condemning the brutality of SARS and the corrupt leadership in Nigeria 174 According to one of the protesters There has been a lot of unlawful killings in Nigeria and brutality from the police and army Now the youth has woken up and we re saying they should stop killing us 174 Also in Cape Town protesters came together in front of the parliament building to express how they felt about the dysfunctionality of the Nigerian government as the police force appointed to protect the citizens were the same set of people killing them and extorting from them for no just cause 175 Role of the internet EditThe 2020 EndSARS protest was largely effective due to the use of digital technology particularly the internet Nigerian youths tagged the soro soke generation started the protest from Twitter before taking it to the streets 176 Soro soke is a Yoruba phrase which means speak louder It was used on social media and offline to encourage people to speak up in protest 177 178 On 9 October 2020 the EndSARS hashtag trended globally on social media A report analysis showed that the online protest was responsible for 48 million mentions and Tweets from 5 million unique authors on Twitter between 5 October and 14 October 2020 179 EndSARS protests which started 8 October 2020 are still ongoing in major cities across the country and have attracted international mainstream media attention It brought to the consciousness of the global world the injustice meted out on the Nigerian youth by SARS men and kept the Nigerian government on their tiptoes in a never seen before fashion The campaign has witnessed reactions on social media from international celebrities such as Cardi B Beyonce Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Rihanna Trey Songz Big Sean Jidenna John Boyega Kanye West Drake Diddy Lewis Hamilton among others including footballers Marcus Rashford Odion Ighalo and Mesut Ozil 180 181 182 183 184 185 The EndSARS protest was endorsed by Jack Dorsey the C E O of Twitter with a unique emoji and he promoted donations for the protest using Bitcoin 186 With the news that SARS had been disbanded Nigerians took the news with a grain of salt and carried on with pressing their demands for total disengagement of the unit and wide ranging reform of the force The hashtag on social media changed from EndSARS to SARSMustEnd With the announcement of a new unit Special Weapons and Tactics Team SWAT by the Nigerian Police to replace SARS the hashtag for the protests quickly changed to EndSWAT on Twitter 187 EndSWAT also trended 188 On Thursday 15 October 2020 Google Africa made a statement on its Twitter handle in support of the End SARS protests condemning police intimidation oppression and brutality while urging the government to speedily intervene and resolve the crisis 189 Although the protest was cut short untimely on 20 October 2020 due to the Lekki Toll Gate Shooting it lasted that long due to the internet Mobilization of protesters communication and real time updates took place via social media Equally funds to keep the protest going were raised on the internet The Central Bank of Nigeria CBN initially ordered banks to freeze about 20 accounts linked to the protest fundraising 190 but cryptocurrency soon became an option With the help of the Feminists Coalition which was at the forefront of fundraising for the protest about N87 4 million was raised 191 They disbursed funds for mental health support security on protest grounds medical emergency response and relief for victims of SARS brutality and families of victims of extrajudicial killings EndSARS Legal aid led by Modupe Odele created a network of over 400 volunteer lawyers across Nigeria representing illegally detained protesters 192 Nigerians and certain brands donated food drinks nose masks and sometimes raincoats after calls were made on social media The EndSARS Online Radio provided entertainment when needed and communication for youth protesting from remote places Protesters were also connected to safe spaces to hide when there is chaos via the internet And this is not forgetting that petitions played a huge role in getting the attention of international bodies and they were signed on the internet Celebrity actions EditMany celebrities and Black Lives Matter activists wrote letters directed to President Buhari demanding justice for and the humane treatment of Nigerian people during the protests Buhari was also urged to free jailed protestors A letter organised by the Black Lives Matter co founder Opal Tometi was signed by celebrities Alicia Keys Donald Glover Mark Ruffalo and Kerry Washington activist Greta Thunberg as well as writers Reni Eddo Lodge Naomi Klein and Afua Hirsch 193 Aftermath Edit The Special Anti Robbery Squad SARS of the Nigeria Police Force was dissolved with immediate effect a statement from the office of the president Muhammadu Buhari 194 195 The Lagos State Government through the office of the Governor Babajide Sanwolu denied any involvement or alleged massacre at the Lekki toll gate 196 However the Nigerian Army claimed to be invited by the Lagos State Government but never shoot at protesters or using live ammunitions 197 198 The Lagos State Government on the 19th of October 2020 setup a four man Judiciary Panel Committee 199 led by Lagos State Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice Mr Moyosore Onigbanjo SAN Other members of the committee are Commissioner for Youths and Social Development Mr Segun Dawodu Special Adviser Works and Infrastructure Engr Mrs Aramide Adeyoye and Permanent Secretary Cabinet Office Mrs Tolani Oshodi The committee was to look into the activities of SARS the panel was also saddled with the investigation of the shootings that took place on October 20 2020 at the Lekki Tollgate The Panel presented a white paper 200 on the 0th of November 2021 201 202 203 Although some prominent Nigerians like Femi Falana SAN and Festus Keyamo SAN challenge the constitutional legality of the panel 204 205 See also EditOccupy Nigeria 2018 2019 Nigerian protestsReferences Edit a b c Nigeria protests President Buhari says 69 killed in unrest BBC 23 October 2020 Archived from the original on 24 October 2020 Kingsley Omonobi 4 December 2017 Anti SARS campaign IG orders investigation of anti robbery squad Vanguard Newspaper Kingsley Omonobi amp Joseph Erunke Nigeria Archived from the original on 31 January 2018 Retrieved 31 January 2018 EndSARS movement from Twitter to Nigerian Streets Amnesty International 8 February 2021 Retrieved 24 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Twitter One killed as anti SARS protests turn violent in Oyo Ogun Osun Abuja 11 October 2020 Archived from the original on 19 October 2020 Retrieved 18 October 2020 SARS Makinde pay tribute to Jimoh Isiaka Ogbomoso End Sars protest victim and order full investigation into his death BBC News Pidgin 10 October 2020 Archived from the original on 8 November 2020 Retrieved 18 October 2020 Mbah Fidelis We need justice Nigerians to keep up EndSARS pressure aljazeera com Archived from the original on 12 October 2020 Retrieved 12 October 2020 Onyeji Ebuka 12 October 2020 EndSARS Davido joins Abuja protest Premium Times Nigeria Premium Times Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 12 October 2020 EndSARS Three more people killed during protests in Ogbomoso 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 13 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 Don t doubt Buhari s sincerity to end SARS Sanwo Olu minister beg protesters Punch Newspapers 12 October 2020 Archived from the original on 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October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 BREAKING Gridlock as EndSARS protesters shut down Iwo road Punch Newspapers 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 ENDSARS protests result of leadership failure Okowa 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 Nwosu Annie 13 October 2020 End SARS Okowa orders police officers to refrain from brutalizing protesters in Delta Daily Post Nigeria Archived from the original on 16 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 EndSARS Protesters block entrance to Nigeria s National Assembly 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 OYEDEJI Niyi 13 October 2020 EndSARS Security operatives assault Arise TV crew seize camera in Abuja International Centre for Investigative Reporting Archived from the original on 19 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 Olisah Chike 13 October 2020 EndSARS Lagos sets up N200 million fund for victims of police brutality Nairametrics Archived from the original on 16 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 ENDSARS What I discussed with Buhari Sanwo Olu 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 22 October 2020 Retrieved 25 October 2020 EndSARS Buhari mocks dead police victims Punch Newspapers Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 Retrieved 25 October 2020 FG accepts 5 point demand of EndSARS protesters TheCable 13 October 2020 Archived from the original on 12 December 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 Odutola Abiola 13 October 2020 Update EndSARS Presidential panel okays 5 demands of protesters Nairametrics Archived from the original on 16 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 Again ENDSARS protesters block Lagos Ibadan Expressway commuters groan Punch Newspapers Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 editing 14 October 2020 BREAKING Like Abuja Armed Thugs Disrupt ENDSARS Protest In Lagos Sahara Reporters Archived from the original on 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from the original on 19 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Lagos state governor blamed as thugs attack Endsars protesters at state house 774 15 October 2020 Retrieved 15 October 2020 Anonymous hacks National Broadcasting Commission s Twitter account guardian ng 16 October 2020 Archived from the original on 18 October 2020 Retrieved 16 October 2020 EndSARS Thousands hold candlelight sessions for victims in Lagos others Punch Newspapers Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 Retrieved 17 October 2020 admin 16 October 2020 Breaking News EndSARS Sights Scenes From Candlelight Procession In Abuja Breaking News Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 Retrieved 17 October 2020 Nigerians kick as FCT bans protest due to COVID 19 restrictions Vanguard News 15 October 2020 Archived from the original on 18 October 2020 Retrieved 18 October 2020 EndSARS Thousands stranded as protesters block Abuja airport road 16 October 2020 Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 Retrieved 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Archived from the original on 27 October 2020 Retrieved 20 October 2020 Nigerian Security forces use live fire to disperse protesters Al Jazeera Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 Retrieved 20 October 2020 EndSARS Lagos Judicial Panel says absence of youth reps delaying proceedings Pulse Nigeria Lekki Toll Gate saga Panel of inquiry presents report to Sanwo Olu 2020 Lekki toll gate shooting Nigerian judicial panel condemns shooting as a massacre CNN Governor Sanwo Olu Receives The Lagos State Judicial Panel of Inquiry Report on Restitution for Victims of SARS Related Abuses and other Matters at Lagos House Ikeja on Monday November 15 2021 Lagos State Government a b End Sars protests People shot dead in Lagos Nigeria BBC News 21 October 2020 Archived from the original on 20 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 SARS Lagos protesters break curfew amid gunfire chaos aljazeera com Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 EndSARS TVC set on fire 21 October 2020 Archived from the original on 12 December 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Police brutality is just tip of the iceberg for protesters in Nigeria The Guardian Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Somto Okonkwo General Somto 23 October 2020 Look At How The Nigerian Military Are Shooting At Unarmed Civilians In Obigbo Oyigbo Rivers State Many Reported Dead Let s Speak In One Voice Against This Injustice hrw amnesty IntlCrimCourt GovWike OyigboMassacre ItIsNotFinished EndTribalism oyingbo EndSARS t co J2ZYqK7N19 Tweet Archived from the original on 20 April 2021 Retrieved 11 September 2021 via Twitter PH Point 1 ajuicygeorge 22 October 2020 OYIGBO PEOPLE NEED HELP RIGHT NOW SEVERAL GUNSHOTS SEND HELP ASAP t co Rod90zw72h Tweet Archived from the original on 30 October 2020 Retrieved 11 September 2021 via Twitter NAGISA madukoko 22 October 2020 People in Oyigbo Rivers state are getting Killed now If you are awake spread Awareness to it Tweet 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from the original on 20 October 2020 Retrieved 20 October 2020 How a youth led digital movement is driving Nigeria s largest protests in a decade Archived 13 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine qz com Quartz Africa accessed 21 October 2020 Ozibo Ugonnia 12 October 2020 EndSARS Nigerian firms Start ups donate millions in support of protests Nairametrics Archived from the original on 15 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 Paystack Cowrywise join brands in raising funds to support EndSARS protests in Nigeria Business Insider Africa 11 October 2020 Archived from the original on 23 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 Silas Don 9 October 2020 End SARS I want to lead protest in London Ex BBNaija star Mike Archived from the original on 12 October 2020 Retrieved 9 October 2020 Dede Steve 12 October 2020 10 cities where EndSARS protests have happened across the world Pulse Nigeria Ringier Nigeria Archived from the original on 12 October 2020 Retrieved 12 October 2020 Docteur stanssy 16 October 2020 EndSARS EndPoliceBrutalityinNigeria Adelaide Australia pheelbny angel osuji Jeffxofesi walvia99 MsFisayo fkabudu we are with you all Tweet via Twitter EndSARS Nigeria captain Musa Balogun and Ogu join youths in protest against police brutality Goal com goal com Archived from the original on 13 October 2020 Retrieved 9 October 2020 EndSARS Day 2 protest for Lagos Abuja as Nigerians insist say police brutality must end BBC News Pidgin Archived from the original on 1 November 2020 Retrieved 9 October 2020 EndSARS Day 2 protest for Lagos Abuja as Nigerians insist say police brutality must end BBC News Pidgin BBC Pidgin BBC 9 October 2020 Archived from the original on 1 November 2020 Retrieved 10 October 2020 Waterloo Region demonstration in solidarity with movement to end police brutality in Nigeria 12 October 2020 Archived from the original on 15 October 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 Topics Head 12 October 2020 VIDEO EndSARS protest in Dublin Ireland Head Topics Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 14 October 2020 Richards Will 11 October 2020 WizKid is leading mass protests against Nigerian police brutality in London NME Music News Reviews Videos Galleries Tickets and Blogs NME COM Bandlab Technologies Archived from the original on 14 October 2020 Retrieved 12 October 2020 Dandy Jackson Chukwudi Manchester campaigners demand an end to police brutality and SARS in Nigeria protest The Northern Quota Archived from the original on 23 October 2020 Retrieved 17 October 2020 Nigerians Demand End to Police Squad Known for Brutalizing the Young The New York Times 12 October 2020 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 13 October 2020 Retrieved 13 October 2020 Dandy Jackson Chukwudi EndSARS Nigerians Protest in Michigan USA Reality Gist Archived from the original on 24 October 2020 Retrieved 18 October 2020 King Danae 28 October 2020 Nigerians in Columbus join EndSARS protests The Columbus Dispatch Archived from the original on 4 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Judicial Panel of Inquiry Vanguard News 30 November 2021 Retrieved 3 February 2022 EndSARS Lagos releases White Paper on Lekki panel report Punch Newspapers 30 November 2021 Retrieved 3 February 2022 Lagos govt releases white paper on EndSARS report 1 December 2021 Retrieved 3 February 2022 Femi Falana White paper on Lagos EndSARS panel report is illegal TheCable 4 December 2021 Retrieved 3 February 2022 EndSARS Panel Was Illegal Keyamo Channels Television Retrieved 3 February 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title End SARS amp oldid 1143682715, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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