Duval County, Florida
Duval County (/djuːˈvɔːl/ dew-VAWL) is in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of July 2022, the population was 1,016,536, up from 864,263 in 2010. It is Florida's sixth-most populous county.[2] Its county seat is Jacksonville, with which the Duval County government has been consolidated since 1968.[3] Duval County was established in 1822, and is named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. Duval County is the central county of the Jacksonville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Duval County | |
|---|---|
| City of Jacksonville and Duval County | |
Duval County Courthouse | |
Location within the U.S. state of Florida | |
Florida's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 30°20′N 81°39′W / 30.33°N 81.65°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| Founded | August 12, 1822[1] |
| Named for | William Pope Duval |
| Seat | Jacksonville |
| Largest city | Jacksonville |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Donna Deegan |
| Area | |
| • Total | 918 sq mi (2,380 km2) |
| • Land | 762 sq mi (1,970 km2) |
| • Water | 156 sq mi (400 km2) 17.0% |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 1,016,536 |
| • Density | 1,231/sq mi (475/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional districts | 4th, 5th |
| Website | coj |
History edit
This area had been settled by varying cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European contact. Within the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in Jacksonville, archeologists have excavated remains of some of the oldest pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BCE. Prior to European contact, the area was inhabited by the Mocama, a Timucuan-speaking group who lived throughout the coastal areas of northern Florida.[4] At the time Europeans arrived, much of what is now Duval County was controlled by the Saturiwa, one of the region's most powerful tribes. The area that became Duval County was home to the 16th-century French colony of Fort Caroline, and saw increased European settlement in the 18th century with the establishment of Cowford, later renamed Jacksonville.
Duval County was created in 1822 from St. Johns County. It was named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834.[5] When Duval County was created, it covered a massive area, from the Suwannee River on the west to the Atlantic Ocean on the east, north of a line from the mouth of the Suwannee River to Jacksonville on the St. Johns River. Alachua and Nassau counties were created out of parts of Duval County in 1824. Clay County was created from part of Duval County in 1858. Part of St. Johns County south and east of the lower reaches of the St. Johns River was transferred to Duval County in the 1840s.[6]
- Portrait of William Pope Duval
- Duval County Courthouse in 1894
- Jacksonville in 1909
-
- Jacksonville Beach in 2018.
Government edit
On October 1, 1968, the government of Duval County was consolidated with the government of the city of Jacksonville. The Duval County cities of Atlantic Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach, and the town of Baldwin are not included in the corporate limits of Jacksonville and maintain their own municipal governments. The city of Jacksonville provides all services that a county government would normally provide. The Mayor of Jacksonville serves as the chief administrator over all of Duval County.
Geography edit
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 918 square miles (2,380 km2), of which 762 square miles (1,970 km2) is land and 156 square miles (400 km2) (17.0%) is water.[7] The topography is coastal plain; however there are some rolling hills.
National protected areas edit
Adjacent counties edit
- Nassau County - north and northwest
- St. Johns County - southeast
- Clay County - southwest
- Baker County - west
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 1,970 | — | |
| 1840 | 4,156 | 111.0% | |
| 1850 | 4,539 | 9.2% | |
| 1860 | 5,074 | 11.8% | |
| 1870 | 11,921 | 134.9% | |
| 1880 | 19,431 | 63.0% | |
| 1890 | 26,800 | 37.9% | |
| 1900 | 39,733 | 48.3% | |
| 1910 | 75,163 | 89.2% | |
| 1920 | 113,540 | 51.1% | |
| 1930 | 155,503 | 37.0% | |
| 1940 | 210,143 | 35.1% | |
| 1950 | 304,029 | 44.7% | |
| 1960 | 455,411 | 49.8% | |
| 1970 | 528,865 | 16.1% | |
| 1980 | 571,003 | 8.0% | |
| 1990 | 672,971 | 17.9% | |
| 2000 | 778,879 | 15.7% | |
| 2010 | 864,263 | 11.0% | |
| 2020 | 995,567 | 15.2% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 1,016,536 | [8] | 2.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[2][failed verification] | |||
| Race | Pop 2010[10] | Pop 2020[11] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 488,826 | 492,039 | 56.56% | 49.42% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 250,063 | 286,344 | 28.93% | 28.76% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 2,816 | 2,306 | 0.33% | 0.23% |
| Asian (NH) | 35,381 | 48,652 | 4.09% | 4.89% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 688 | 960 | 0.08% | 0.1% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 2,006 | 6,837 | 0.23% | 0.69% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 19,085 | 45,740 | 2.21% | 4.59% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 65,398 | 112,689 | 7.57% | 11.32% |
| Total | 864,263 | 995,567 |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 995,567 people, 369,704 households, and 225,060 families residing in the county.
2010 Census edit
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics:[12][13]
- White (non-Hispanic) (60.9% when including White Hispanics): 56.6% (10.7% German, 10.6% Irish, 9.2% English, 4.1% Italian, 2.3% French, 2.1% Scottish, 2.1% Scotch-Irish, 1.8% Polish, 1.2% Dutch, 0.6% Russian, 0.6% Swedish, 0.6% Norwegian, 0.5% Welsh, 0.5% French Canadian)[12]
- Black (non-Hispanic) (29.5% when including Black Hispanics): 28.9% (1.7% Subsaharan African, 1.4% West Indian/Afro-Caribbean American [0.5% Haitian, 0.4% Jamaican, 0.1% Other or Unspecified West Indian, 0.1% Bahamian])[12][14]
- Hispanic or Latino of any race: 7.6% (2.5% Puerto Rican, 1.7% Mexican, 0.8% Cuban)[12][15]
- Asian: 4.2% (1.7% Filipino, 0.8% Indian, 0.6% Other Asian, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.3% Chinese, 0.2% Korean, 0.1% Japanese)[12][13]
- Two or more races: 2.9%
- American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.4%
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%[12][13]
- Other Races: 2.1% (0.9% Arab)[12]
In 2010, 6.7% of the population considered themselves to be of only "American" ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.)[12]
Of the 342,450 households 28.68% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.92% were married couples living together, 16.74% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.27% were non-families. 24.85% of households were one person and 8.05% (2.29% male and 5.76% female) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04.[13][16]
The age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age was 35.8 years. For every 100 females there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.[16]
The median household income was $49,463 and the median family income was $60,114. Males had a median income of $42,752 versus $34,512 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,854. About 10.4% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those aged 65 or over.[17]
In 2010, 9.0% of the county's population was foreign born, with 49.5% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 38.2% were born in Latin America, 35.6% born in Asia, 17.9% were born in Europe, 5.8% born in Africa, 2.0% in North America, and 0.5% were born in Oceania.[12]
2000 Census edit
The racial makeup of the county was 65.80% White (63.6% were Non-Hispanic White,)[18] 27.83% African American or Black, 0.33% Native American, 2.71% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.31% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. 4.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 303,747 households 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.50% were married couples living together, 15.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.60% were non-families. 26.50% of households were one person and 7.80% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.06.
The age distribution was 26.30% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 32.40% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 10.50% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males.
The median household income was $40,703 and the median family income was $47,689. Males had a median income of $32,954 versus $26,015 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,753. 11.90% of the population and 9.20% of families were below the poverty line, including 16.40% of those under the age of 18 and 11.60% of those age 65 or older.
Languages edit
As of 2010, 87.36% of all residents spoke English as their first language, while 5.74% spoke Spanish, 1.18% Tagalog, 0.53% Arabic, 0.48% Serbo-Croatian, 0.47% Vietnamese, and 0.46% of the population spoke French Creole (mostly Haitian Creole) as their mother language.[19] In total, 12.64% of the population spoke languages other than English as their primary language.[19]
Politics edit
Voter registration edit
According to the Secretary of State's office, Democrats comprise a plurality of registered voters in Duval County.
| Duval County Voter Registration & Party Enrollment as of December 31, 2023[20] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political Party | Total Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 248,341 | 38.91% | |||
| Republican | 227,792 | 35.69% | |||
| Independent | 146,309 | 22.92% | |||
| Third Parties | 15,840 | 2.48% | |||
| Total | 638,282 | 100.00% | |||
Statewide and national elections edit
Duval County is somewhat conservative for an urban county, and it began moving away from the Democratic Party sooner than the majority of Florida counties. Despite the small Democratic plurality in registration, the county's Democrats are nowhere near as liberal as their counterparts in other large Florida counties, such as Miami-Dade and Orange. The county has only supported a Democrat for president three times since 1952, in 1960, 1976, and 2020.
However, the Republican edge in Duval has lessened somewhat in recent years. It swung from a 16-point win for George W. Bush in 2004 to only a three-point win for John McCain in 2008. Mitt Romney won an equally narrow margin in 2012 and in 2016, Donald Trump only won the county by fewer than 6,000 votes even as he narrowly carried Florida. In 2020, Joe Biden, despite losing statewide, broke the 44-year Democratic drought in Duval County, winning by less than four points.
In 2018, Andrew Gillum, despite losing the election, won Duval by four points, the first time a Democrat had won the county in a gubernatorial election since Steve Pajcic's losing bid in 1986. Four years later, however, Duval rebounded to vote for Ron DeSantis by over 10 points. In the Senate elections, Bill Nelson only failed to carry the county in his first bid in 2000, and Lawton Chiles and Bob Graham carried the county in all three of their respective bids.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 233,762 | 47.30% | 252,556 | 51.11% | 7,843 | 1.59% |
| 2016 | 211,672 | 48.48% | 205,704 | 47.12% | 19,197 | 4.40% |
| 2012 | 211,615 | 51.27% | 196,737 | 47.67% | 4,381 | 1.06% |
| 2008 | 210,537 | 50.53% | 202,618 | 48.63% | 3,538 | 0.85% |
| 2004 | 220,190 | 57.78% | 158,610 | 41.62% | 2,261 | 0.59% |
| 2000 | 152,460 | 57.49% | 108,039 | 40.74% | 4,682 | 1.77% |
| 1996 | 126,959 | 49.96% | 112,328 | 44.20% | 14,836 | 5.84% |
| 1992 | 123,631 | 49.47% | 92,098 | 36.85% | 34,197 | 13.68% |
| 1988 | 128,081 | 62.79% | 74,894 | 36.72% | 1,004 | 0.49% |
| 1984 | 128,724 | 62.41% | 77,488 | 37.57% | 37 | 0.02% |
| 1980 | 98,664 | 50.45% | 90,466 | 46.26% | 6,424 | 3.29% |
| 1976 | 74,997 | 41.08% | 105,912 | 58.01% | 1,652 | 0.90% |
| 1972 | 122,154 | 72.19% | 46,530 | 27.50% | 520 | 0.31% |
| 1968 | 51,585 | 30.89% | 54,834 | 32.84% | 60,559 | 36.27% |
| 1964 | 81,116 | 50.55% | 79,365 | 49.45% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 59,073 | 45.73% | 70,091 | 54.27% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 53,481 | 50.17% | 53,127 | 49.83% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 50,346 | 48.27% | 53,949 | 51.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 15,379 | 25.76% | 28,567 | 47.85% | 15,749 | 26.38% |
| 1944 | 12,220 | 24.89% | 36,867 | 75.11% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 9,177 | 18.29% | 41,003 | 81.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 5,368 | 17.12% | 25,989 | 82.88% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 6,096 | 24.25% | 19,038 | 75.75% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1928 | 16,919 | 63.39% | 9,316 | 34.91% | 454 | 1.70% |
| 1924 | 3,291 | 28.93% | 5,908 | 51.93% | 2,177 | 19.14% |
| 1920 | 6,628 | 31.18% | 13,650 | 64.21% | 979 | 4.61% |
| 1916 | 1,339 | 16.83% | 5,456 | 68.57% | 1,162 | 14.60% |
| 1912 | 243 | 5.20% | 3,514 | 75.26% | 912 | 19.53% |
| 1908 | 641 | 18.00% | 2,381 | 66.84% | 540 | 15.16% |
| 1904 | 671 | 21.91% | 2,011 | 65.65% | 381 | 12.44% |
| 1900 | 773 | 27.73% | 1,857 | 66.61% | 158 | 5.67% |
| 1896 | 1,462 | 39.58% | 1,903 | 51.52% | 329 | 8.91% |
| 1892 | 0 | 0.00% | 1,442 | 95.18% | 73 | 4.82% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 55.44% 182,569 | 43.68% 143,837 | 0.88% 2,913 |
| 2018 | 47.35% 179,869 | 51.74% 196,537 | 0.90% 3,431 |
| 2014 | 54.22% 146,407 | 41.49% 112,026 | 4.29% 11,600 |
| 2010 | 51.60% 135,074 | 45.88% 120,097 | 2.52% 6,614 |
| 2006 | 58.86% 132,607 | 38.93% 87,718 | 2.21% 4,972 |
| 2002 | 61.35% 148,923 | 38.01% 92,263 | 0.64% 1,556 |
| 1998 | 60.15% 111,716 | 39.85% 74,016 | 0.00% 4 |
| 1994 | 57.22% 108,900 | 42.53% 80,945 | 0.25% 471 |
Education edit
Duval County Public Schools operates public schools in the county.
Duval County is served by the Jacksonville Public Library.
Communities edit
- 842,583 - Jacksonville
- 21,823 - Jacksonville Beach
- 12,985 - Atlantic Beach
- 7,124 - Neptune Beach
- 1,430 - Baldwin
2013 estimate population[22]
Transportation edit
Public transportation edit
Public transportation is provided by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority.
Major highways edit
- I-10 / SR 8
- I-95 / SR 9
- I-295 / SR 9A
- US 1 / SR 5
-
US 1 Alt. - US 17 / SR 15
- US 23 / SR 139
- US 90
-
US 90 Alt. - US 301 / SR 200
- SR A1A
- SR 9B
- SR 10
Airports edit
See also edit
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 31.
- ^ a b "US Census Bureau QuickFacts".
- ^ . National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Matt Soergel, "Archaeologists help distinguish Mocama group", Morris News Service, 25 October 2009, accessed 11 May 2010
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 111.
- ^ Fernald, Edward A., Ed. (1981) Atlas of Florida. The Florida State University Foundation, Inc. ISBN 0-9606708-0-7 P.131
Alachua County Maps
Nassau County Maps
Clay County Maps - ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022". County Population Totals: 2020-2022. U.S. Census Bureau. March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
- ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Duval County: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Duval County Demographic Characteristics". ocala.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ "Duval County, Florida FIRST ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total population - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
- ^ "Duval County, Florida Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 – 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ a b "Duval County: Age Groups and Sex: 2010 - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ "Duval County, Florida: SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
- ^ . MuniNetGuide.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ a b "Modern Language Association Data Center Results of Duval County, Florida". Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ "Voter Registration - By County and Party". Retrieved November 22, 2022.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
External links edit
Government links edit
- Official website
Elected constitutional offices edit
- Duval County Property Appraiser
- Jacksonville Sheriff's Office
- Duval County Clerk of the Courts
Special districts edit
- Duval County Public Schools
Judicial branch edit
- Duval County Clerk of Courts
- Public Defender, 4th Judicial Circuit of Florida serving Duval, Clay, and Nassau Counties
- Circuit and County Court, 4th Judicial Circuit of Florida
Tourism edit
- Jacksonville and the Beaches Convention and Visitors' Bureau