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French-based creole languages

A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a creole for which French is the lexifier. Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century koiné of French from Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.

Treemap of French-based creoles.

These contact languages are not to be confused with non-creole varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times, such as Acadian, Louisiana, New England or Quebec French.

There are over 15.5 million speakers of some form of French-based creole languages. Haitian Creole is debatably the most spoken creole language in the world, with over 12 million speakers.

History

Throughout the 17th century, French Creoles became established as a unique ethnicity originating from the mix of French, Indian, and African cultures. These French Creoles held a distinct ethno-cultural identity, a shared antique language, Creole French, and their civilization owed its existence to the overseas expansion of the French Empire.[1]

In the eighteenth century, Creole French was the first and native language of many different peoples including those of European origin in the West Indies.[2] French-based creole languages today are spoken natively by millions of people worldwide, primarily in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean.

Classification

Americas

  • Varieties with progressive aspect marker ape, derived from après[3]
    • Haitian Creole (Kreyòl ayisyen, locally called Creole) is a language spoken primarily in Haiti: the largest French-derived language in the world, with an estimated total of 12 million fluent speakers. It is also the most-spoken creole language in the world and is based largely on 17th-century French with influences from Portuguese, Spanish, English, Taíno, and West African languages.[4] It is an official language in Haiti.
    • Louisiana Creole (Kréyol la Lwizyàn, locally called Kourí-Viní and Creole), the Louisiana creole language.
  • Varieties with progressive aspect marker ka[5]

Indian Ocean

Pacific

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Carl A. Brasseaux, Glenn R. Conrad (1992). The Road to Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792-1809. New Orleans: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. pp. 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 21, 22, 33, 38, 108, 109, 110, 143, 173, 174, 235, 241, 242, 243, 252, 253, 254, 268.
  2. ^ Francis Byrne; John A. Holm (1993). Atlantic Meets Pacific: A Global View of Pidginization and Creolization ; Elected Papers from the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. United States of America: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 394.
  3. ^ a b with variants ap and pe, from the koiné French progressive aspect marker àprè <après> Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert, & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334.[1]
  4. ^ Bonenfant, Jacques L. (2011). "History of Haitian-Creole: From Pidgin to Lingua Franca and English Influence on the Language" (PDF). Review of Higher Education and Self-Learning. 3 (11). (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2015.
  5. ^ from the Karipúna substratum (Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334.[2]

french, based, creole, languages, french, creole, french, based, creole, language, creole, which, french, lexifier, most, often, this, lexifier, modern, french, rather, 17th, 18th, century, koiné, french, from, paris, french, atlantic, harbors, nascent, french. A French creole or French based creole language is a creole for which French is the lexifier Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th or 18th century koine of French from Paris the French Atlantic harbors and the nascent French colonies This article also contains information on French pidgin languages contact languages that lack native speakers Treemap of French based creoles These contact languages are not to be confused with non creole varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times such as Acadian Louisiana New England or Quebec French There are over 15 5 million speakers of some form of French based creole languages Haitian Creole is debatably the most spoken creole language in the world with over 12 million speakers Contents 1 History 2 Classification 2 1 Americas 2 2 Indian Ocean 2 3 Pacific 3 See also 4 NotesHistory EditThroughout the 17th century French Creoles became established as a unique ethnicity originating from the mix of French Indian and African cultures These French Creoles held a distinct ethno cultural identity a shared antique language Creole French and their civilization owed its existence to the overseas expansion of the French Empire 1 In the eighteenth century Creole French was the first and native language of many different peoples including those of European origin in the West Indies 2 French based creole languages today are spoken natively by millions of people worldwide primarily in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean Classification EditAmericas Edit Varieties with progressive aspect marker ape derived from apres 3 Haitian Creole Kreyol ayisyen locally called Creole is a language spoken primarily in Haiti the largest French derived language in the world with an estimated total of 12 million fluent speakers It is also the most spoken creole language in the world and is based largely on 17th century French with influences from Portuguese Spanish English Taino and West African languages 4 It is an official language in Haiti Louisiana Creole Kreyol la Lwizyan locally called Kouri Vini and Creole the Louisiana creole language Varieties with progressive aspect marker ka 5 Antillean Creole spoken in the Lesser Antilles particularly in Martinique Guadeloupe Dominica and Saint Lucia Although all of the creoles spoken on these islands are considered to be the same language there are noticeable differences between the dialects of each island Notably the Creole spoken in the Eastern windward part of the island Saint Barthelemy is spoken exclusively by a white population of European descent imported into the island from Saint Kitts in 1648 French Guianese Creole is a language spoken in French Guiana and to a lesser degree in Suriname and Guyana It is closely related to Antillean Creole but there are some noteworthy differences between the two Karipuna French Creole spoken in Brazil mostly in the state of Amapa It was developed by Amerindians with possible influences from immigrants from neighboring French Guiana and French territories of the Caribbean and with a recent lexical adstratum from Portuguese Lanc Patua spoken more widely in the state of Amapa is a variety of the former possibly the same language Indian Ocean Edit Varieties with progressive aspect marker ape 3 subsumed under a common classification as Bourbonnais Creoles Mauritian Creole spoken in Mauritius locally Kreol Agalega creole spoken in Agalega Islands Chagossian creole spoken by the former population of the Chagos Archipelago Reunion Creole spoken in Reunion Rodriguan creole spoken on the island of Rodrigues Seychellois Creole spoken everywhere in the Seychelles and locally known as Kreol seselwa It is the national language and shares official status with English and French Pacific Edit Tayo spoken in New CaledoniaSee also EditMichif Chiac Camfranglais a macaronic language of CameroonNotes Edit Carl A Brasseaux Glenn R Conrad 1992 The Road to Louisiana The Saint Domingue Refugees 1792 1809 New Orleans Center for Louisiana Studies University of Southwestern Louisiana pp 4 5 6 8 11 15 21 22 33 38 108 109 110 143 173 174 235 241 242 243 252 253 254 268 Francis Byrne John A Holm 1993 Atlantic Meets Pacific A Global View of Pidginization and Creolization Elected Papers from the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics United States of America John Benjamins Publishing p 394 a b with variants ap and pe from the koine French progressive aspect marker apre lt apres gt Henri Wittmann 1995 Grammaire comparee des varietes coloniales du francais populaire de Paris du 17e siecle et origines du francais quebecois in Fournier Robert amp Wittmann Henri Le francais des Ameriques Trois Rivieres Presses universitaires de Trois Rivieres pp 281 334 1 Bonenfant Jacques L 2011 History of Haitian Creole From Pidgin to Lingua Franca and English Influence on the Language PDF Review of Higher Education and Self Learning 3 11 Archived PDF from the original on 23 March 2015 from the Karipuna substratum Henri Wittmann 1995 Grammaire comparee des varietes coloniales du francais populaire de Paris du 17e siecle et origines du francais quebecois in Fournier Robert amp Wittmann Henri Le francais des Ameriques Trois Rivieres Presses universitaires de Trois Rivieres pp 281 334 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title French based creole languages amp oldid 1155003312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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