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Wikipedia

SVD (rifle)

January 07, 2023

Not to be confused with Degtyarev sniper rifle.

The SVD (Russian: Сна́йперская Винто́вка систе́мы Драгуно́ва образца́ 1963 года, romanized: Snáyperskaya Vintóvka sistém'y Dragunóva obraz'tsá 1963 goda, lit. 'Sniper Rifle, System of Dragunov, Model of the Year 1963'), GRAU index 6V1, is a semi-automatic marksman rifle chambered in the fully-powered 7.62×54mmR cartridge, developed in the Soviet Union. The SVD was designed to serve a squad support role to provide precise long-range engagement capabilities to ordinary troops following the Warsaw Pact adoption of the 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridge and assault rifles as standard infantry weapon systems. At the time, NATO used battle rifles chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO as standard infantry weapon systems and had not yet adopted an intermediate cartridge and assault rifle of their own, allowing them to outrange their Warsaw Pact counterparts.[2]

SVD
Rifle with a wooden handguard/gas tube cover and skeletonized stock used before the change to synthetic black furniture
TypeMarksman rifle
Sniper rifle
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1963–present
Used bySee Users
WarsSee Conflicts
Production history
DesignerYevgeny Dragunov
Designed1958–1963
Manufacturer
Produced1963–present[1]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass
  • 4.30 kg (9.48 lb) (with scope and unloaded magazine)[1]
  • 4.68 kg (10.3 lb) (SVDS)
  • 4.40 kg (9.7 lb) (SVU)
  • 5.30 kg (11.7 lb) (SVDM)
  • 5.02 kg (11.1 lb) (SWD-M)
Length
  • 1,225 mm (48.2 in) (SVD)[1]
  • 1,135 mm (44.7 in) stock extended / 875 mm (34.4 in) stock folded (SVDS)
  • 900 mm (35.4 in) (SVU)
  • 1,155 mm (45.5 in) stock extended / 875 mm (34.4 in) stock folded (SVDM)
  • 1,135 mm (44.7 in) (SWD-M)
Barrel length
  • 620 mm (24.4 in) (SVD, SWD-M)[1]
  • 565 mm (22.2 in) (SVDS)
  • 600 mm (23.6 in) (SVU)
  • 550 mm (21.7 in) (SVDM)
Cartridge7.62×54mmR[1]
ActionGas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fireSemi-automatic
Muzzle velocity
  • 830 m/s (2,723 ft/s) (SVD)
  • 810 m/s (2,657.5 ft/s) (SVDS)
  • 800 m/s (2,624.7 ft/s) (SVU)
Effective firing range800 m (875 yd)
Feed system10-round detachable box magazine[1]
SightsPSO-1 telescopic sight, 1PN51/1PN58 night vision sights and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight

It was developed through 1958–1963 and selected as the winner of a contest that included three competing groups of designers, led by Sergei Simonov (prototype rejected in April 1960), Aleksandr Konstantinov, and Yevgeny Dragunov. Extensive field testing of the rifles conducted in a wide range of environmental conditions (Konstantinov's competing 2B-W-10 prototype was simpler and cheaper but tested less accurate, durable and reliable) resulted in Dragunov's proposal being accepted into service in July 1963.[3] An initial pre-production batch consisting of 200 rifles was assembled for evaluation purposes, and from 1964 serial production was carried out by Izhmash, later called Kalashnikov Concern.

Since then, the SVD has become the standard squad support weapon of several countries, including those of the former Warsaw Pact. China produced a copy of the SVD through reverse-engineered samples captured during the Sino-Vietnamese War as the Type 79 and 85.[4] Iran also produced a clone, the Nakhjir 3, which was a direct copy of the Chinese Type 79.

Design

The SVD bears a number of cosmetic similarities to the AK family of rifles but these similarities are for the purpose of standardizing manual of arms. This has occasionally lead to misidentification of the SVD as an AK variant, and vice versa.

Operating Mechanism

The barrel breech is locked through a rotating bolt (left rotation) and uses three locking lugs to engage corresponding locking recesses in the barrel extension. The rifle has a hammer-type striking mechanism and a manual lever safety selector. In addition to the trigger disconnect, the fire control mechanism has a second disconnector which does not allow the hammer to fall until the bolt has been closed, similar to a sear in a select-fire weapon. However, the SVD was only designed for semi-automatic fire. The firing pin in the SVD is not retained, i.e. "free-floating", and it is therefore possible for accidental discharge to occur as the bolt pushes an unfired cartridge into the chamber, should there be an obstruction in the firing pin channel resulting from poor maintenance or extreme cold.

The firearm is operated by a short-stroke gas piston system with a two-position gas regulator. The gas regulator can be set with the help of the rim of a cartridge. Position #1 leaves a gas escape port opened, whereas position #2 closes the gas escape port and directs extra gas to the piston, increasing the recoil velocity of the gas-piston system and is used for resolving reliability issues which arise from fouling in the gas port/action, extreme cold, high altitude, or using under-powered ammunition.

The rifle is fed from a detachable curved box magazine with a 10-round capacity and the cartridges are double-stacked in a staggered zigzag pattern. After discharging the last cartridge from the magazine, the bolt carrier and bolt are held back on a bolt catch that is released by pulling the cocking handle to the rear.

The rifle's receiver is machined to improve precision by adding torsional strength.

Barrel

The barrel profile is relatively thin to save weight. Its bore is chrome-lined for increased corrosion resistance and features four right-hand grooves. Originally, the twist rate was 320 mm (1:12.6 in), as it had been designed for use with heavier civilian ammunition. In 1975 the twist rate was increased to the standard 240 mm (1:9.4 in), which reduced the precision with the 7N1 sniper cartridge by 19% but allowed for the use of standard "light" ball steel core LPS Gzh (57-N-323S), as well as its variations (incendiary, tracer, armor-piercing) with acceptable precision.[5] The front part of the barrel features the front sight assembly and a bayonet lug. The muzzle is equipped with a permanently affixed long-slotted flash hider.

In order to pass inspections at the factory, these rifles must not produce more than a 0.7 MOA median deviation from the expected point of impact in three 10-shot groups using 7N1 (approximately 3 MOA).

Ammunition

To enable the desired precision of the SVD, new "sniper" ammunition, designated 7N1, was designed by V. M. Sabelnikov, P. P. Sazonov and V. M. Dvorianinov in 1966 to meet the new standards. 7N1 sniper cartridges should not produce more than 1.24 MOA extreme vertical spread with 240 mm twist rate barrels and no more than 1.04 MOA extreme vertical spread with 320 mm twist rate barrels in a 5-shot group. The precision requirements demanded of the SVD with 7N1 is similar to the American M24 Sniper Weapon System with M118SB cartridges (1.18 MOA extreme vertical spread) and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System with M118LR ammunition (1.27 MOA extreme vertical spread).

7N1 differed from the standard LPS Gzh (57-N-323S) cartridge in its use of finely extruded propellant and a modified projectile containing a void inside of the jacket at the tip which improved terminal ballistics and a bimetal lead and mild steel core. With standard 57-N-323S cartridges, the precision of the SVD is reduced to 2.21 MOA extreme vertical spread. This ammunition was later replaced by 7N14 in 1999, which replaced the mild steel penetrator with a hardened steel penetrator in response to the development of infantry body armor.

Sights

 
PSO-1's unique reticle. The rangefinder is in the lower left, chevrons for distances beyond 1,000 m (1,094 yd) are found in the middle, and stadia marks for windage to the left and right of the center reticule. The reticle is illuminated by a small battery-powered lamp.

The rifle features adjustable iron sights with a sliding tangent rear sight, graduated from 100 to 1,200 m (109 to 1,312 yd) in 100 m (109 yd) increments. The iron sights can be used with or without the standard issue optical sight in place. This is possible because the scope mount does not block the area between the front and rear sights.

The SVD was originally issued with a detachable PSO-1 optical sight (now PSO-1M2) which mounts to a Warsaw Pact rail on the left side of the receiver.[6] The PSO-1 sight enables area targets to be engaged at ranges upwards of 1,300 m (1,422 yd); effective ranges in combat situations have been stated at between 600 to 1,300 m (656 to 1,422 yd), depending on the nature of the target (point or area target) quality of ammunition and skill of the shooter.[7][8]

Several military issue alternative telescopic sights with varying levels of magnification and reticles are available for the SVD. Rifles designated SVDN come equipped with a night sight, such as the NSP-3, NSPU, PGN-1, NSPUM or the Polish passive PCS-5. Rifles designated SVDN-1 can use the passive night sight NSPU-3 (1PN51)[9] and rifles designated SVDN2 can use the passive night sight NSPUM (1PN58).[10]

Commercial non military issue mounts that attach to the Warsaw Pact rail mount can allow use of Picatinny rail-mounted optics.[11]

Stock

The original SVD had a birch plywood laminate two-piece handguard/gas tube cover and a skeletonized thumbhole stock equipped with a detachable cheek rest; the latter is removed when using iron sights. Beginning in the 80's, wooden parts were replaced with synthetic parts made of a black polymer – the handguard and gas tube cover are more or less identical in appearance, while the thumbhole stock is of a different shape.

Accessories

 
Russian PSO-1M2 military issue 4×24 telescopic sight with the Warsaw Pact rail mounting system.

A number of accessories are issued with the rifle, including a blade-type bayonet (AKM clipped point or the AK-74 spear point bayonet), four spare magazines, a leather or nylon sling, magazine pouch, cleaning kit and an accessory/maintenance kit for the telescopic sight. Also included is a cold weather battery case with a "shirt clip", with a permanently attached cord [approximately 24" long] ending with another battery case cap that has an extension to press against the internal contact in lieu of the battery to complete the circuit. Placing the external battery case into the shooters' clothing close to the body keeps it from freezing; using the clip ensures it remains in place. The clamp-style bipod attaches to machined-out reliefs near the front of the receiver, it literally grabs the two cut out areas and securely mounts with a large round sized head on the clamp bolt able to tightly attach the bipod. The legs are individually adjustable [as opposed to fixed length found on many rifles and LMG's] and can be folded and stowed in a forward position negating the need to remove the bipod before placing the rifle into the canvas carrying case. The two legs are held close together with a "J" shaped clamp attached to one leg and swung over the other leg. Original Soviet/Russian SVD bipods fetch a very high price when they rarely appear on the market.

Variants

SSV-58 – The prototype submitted to trials by Dragunov. The design lacked the fixed flash hider and bayonet lug which was added to the rifle prior to adoption. The rear sights were mounted to the dust cover and were aperture sights instead of the standard notch sight.

 
Soldier on the left displaying the clamp-style bipod

SVDN (6V1N) – A series of variants of the original SVD which were issued with various night vision optics.

V-70 – A prototype automatic rifle developed in 1968. It involved the development of a new bipod, a thicker and shorter barrel with a new muzzle device, and 15/20-round magazines. The detachable bipod designed for this project would be used in subsequent models of SVD.

Tiger – A civilian variant of the SVD, lacking a bayonet lug, first produced in the 1970s. Serial production for began in 1992.[12] For export into the United States, the sear which prevented out-of-battery discharge had to be removed to comply with the National Firearms Act. As of the writing of this article, Tiger rifles are available with shortened (520 mm) and full length (620 mm) barrels, different stocks (including an SVDS-style folding stock), and are chambered in 7.62×54mmR, .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield or 9.3×64mm Brenneke.

AF – A prototype automatic rifle developed in the mid 70's. The prototypes were chambered in 5.45x39mm and made compatible with AK-74 magazines (specifically, the 45-round magazine also compatible with the RPK-74).

 
Pair of Dragunovs imported to the U.S. as Tigers. The top rifle has a cheek pad, two 10-round magazines, and a flash suppressor. The bottom rifle was marketed as a hunting "carbine". It has no cheek pad, two 5-round magazines, and no flash suppressor.

SVD-S (6V3) – Attempts to reduce the length of the rifle for use by marines, mechanized infantry, and paratroopers began in 1978 by adding a folding buttstock and a separate pistol grip. Initially, preexisting stock designs were used (such as the one from the AKS-74), but ergonomic problems necessitated the design of a unique folding stock.[13] The final design was chosen out of a variety of prototypes and adopted in 1995, which had a metal stock which folded to the right as to not be interfered by the optic mount and also had a shortened barrel. The stock included a rubber shoulder pad and cheek riser. The barrel was also given a heavier profile, the receiver housing was strengthened, the gas cylinder block was improved and a ported, and a shorter conical flash suppressor was adopted. The SVDSN (6V3N) variants, much like the SVDN variants, are simply equipped with various night vision devices.

 
Russian-made SVD (top) and SVDS (shortened variant with folding stock) rifles featuring modern synthetic furniture

SVDG (6V1-10) – A smoothbore SVD with a 10mm bore developed alongside the modern intermediate cartridge program to use the experimental 3 mm APFSDS projectile, originally designed for use in standard machine guns. The design was not implemented due to the poor terminal ballistics of the projectile and the complexity of the new weapon.

Type 79/85 – A Chinese variant of the SVD. Although the design is nearly identical to the original SVD, some parts are not interchangeable, as the dimensions are slightly different from Soviet production rifles. A small quantity were also chambered in .308 winchester for export. Exported rifles are often referred to as the NDM-86 or EM-351.

Al-Kadesih – An Iraqi variant of the SVD, not to be confused with the Tabuk rifle. Although the design is very similar to the SVD, many parts are not interchangeable due to its unique dimensions and design characteristics. For example, the receiver is not milled and is slightly longer than that of the SVD, and the barrel is pinned to the receiver instead of being threaded. The rifle is also issued magazines with an ornamental palm tree relief.[14][15]

TKB-0172 – An early bullpup design of the SVD developed by the Tula Sporting and Hunting Weapons Design Bureau in the 80's. This rifle also had a significantly shortened barrel to reduce length.

SSV-6 (6V1-6) – Chambered in the experimental 6mm cartridge developed in the 80's. The weapon was not adopted due to the poor effectiveness of the cartridge.

OTs-03 SVU – A variant of the TKB-0172 which began serial production in 1991 for the MVD. The rifle was also equipped with an improved muzzle brake as well as a rear aperture sight, much like the original SVD prototype. Many were not new production rifles, but instead, retrofitted SVDs. A select-fire variant (OTs-03A(S) SVU-A) was also produced in small quantities to serve as an automatic rifle, but the automatic fire capability was later removed from the design. The original shortened barrel was also later replaced with a full-length barrel in the design.

SVDK (6V9) – An experimental Russian variant chambered for the 9.3×64mm 7N33 cartridge, based on the civilian Tigr design.

SWD-M – A modernized Polish variant of the SVD adopted in 1998 which uses a heavy barrel, bipod (mounted to the forearm) and LD-6 (6×42) telescopic sight.

CS/LR19 or NSG-85 – A modernized Chinese variant of the Type 85 adopted by the PLA in 2014

 
Russian SVDM sniper rifle

SVDM – A modernized variant of the SVDS which entered service in 2018.[16] Compared to its predecessor, the SVDM was notably designed with a thicker (and 550 mm long) barrel, new furniture, and a picatinny rail mount on the new, hinged, dust cover. The variable power 1P88-4 (1П88-4) telescopic sight is used as the standard day optic. The SVDM rifle can be used with a detachable bipod, and with a quick-detachable suppressor. The iron sight line features a simplified rear sight element and a new front sight element located above the gas block. The SVDM has a length of 1,135 mm (44.7 in) (975 mm (38.4 in) with the stock folded) and weighs 5.3 kg (12 lb).[17]

Doctrine

The SVD was used by designated marksmen deployed in the Soviet Army at the basic motorized infantry rifle platoon level.[18] For this purpose, the rifle was designed to be much lighter than more conventional precision rifles, making it better suited for use by infantry, and the rifle is autoloading in order to prioritize volume of fire over precision. It was thought that a relatively small number of marksmen armed with 7.62×54mmR fully powered cartridge chambered arms could assist conventional troops armed with 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridge chambered arms by suppressing/harassing valuable targets and assets (such as officers, radio operators, vehicle crews, other marksmen, machine gun teams, anti-tank warfare teams, etc.) with greater precision and at much greater ranges.[19]

Once the rifle had been produced in sufficient numbers, every infantry platoon of Warsaw Pact troops included at least one SVD-equipped marksman. In the German Democratic Republic arsenals, there were almost 2,000.[20] The marksmen were often chosen from personnel who displayed exceptional rifle marksmanship while members of DOSAAF. Such marksmen were estimated to have a 50% probability of hitting a standing, man-sized target at 800 m (875 yd), and an 80% probability of hitting a standing, man-sized target at 500 m (547 yd). For distances not exceeding 200 m (219 yd) the probability was estimated to be well above 90%. To attain this level of accuracy the sniper could not engage more than two such targets per minute.[21]

Users

 
A United States Marine receives instruction on the SVD.
 
Gold plated Al Kadesiah rifle found in one of Saddam Hussein's palaces, on display at the Parachute Regiment exhibition of the Imperial War Museum in Duxford. Gold-plated Al Kadesiah were a common gift for VIPs of the Ba'athist-era Iraqi regime.

Former users

Conflicts

See also

References

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    January 07, 2023
    rifle, confused, with, degtyarev, sniper, rifle, russian, Сна, йперская, Винто, вка, систе, мы, Драгуно, ва, образца, 1963, года, romanized, snáyperskaya, vintóvka, sistém, dragunóva, obraz, tsá, 1963, goda, sniper, rifle, system, dragunov, model, year, 1963, . Not to be confused with Degtyarev sniper rifle The SVD Russian Sna jperskaya Vinto vka siste my Draguno va obrazca 1963 goda romanized Snayperskaya Vintovka sistem y Dragunova obraz tsa 1963 goda lit Sniper Rifle System of Dragunov Model of the Year 1963 GRAU index 6V1 is a semi automatic marksman rifle chambered in the fully powered 7 62 54mmR cartridge developed in the Soviet Union The SVD was designed to serve a squad support role to provide precise long range engagement capabilities to ordinary troops following the Warsaw Pact adoption of the 7 62 39mm intermediate cartridge and assault rifles as standard infantry weapon systems At the time NATO used battle rifles chambered in 7 62 51mm NATO as standard infantry weapon systems and had not yet adopted an intermediate cartridge and assault rifle of their own allowing them to outrange their Warsaw Pact counterparts 2 SVDRifle with a wooden handguard gas tube cover and skeletonized stock used before the change to synthetic black furnitureTypeMarksman rifleSniper riflePlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1963 presentUsed bySee UsersWarsSee ConflictsProduction historyDesignerYevgeny DragunovDesigned1958 1963ManufacturerKalashnikov Concern NorincoProduced1963 present 1 VariantsSee VariantsSpecificationsMass4 30 kg 9 48 lb with scope and unloaded magazine 1 4 68 kg 10 3 lb SVDS 4 40 kg 9 7 lb SVU 5 30 kg 11 7 lb SVDM 5 02 kg 11 1 lb SWD M Length1 225 mm 48 2 in SVD 1 1 135 mm 44 7 in stock extended 875 mm 34 4 in stock folded SVDS 900 mm 35 4 in SVU 1 155 mm 45 5 in stock extended 875 mm 34 4 in stock folded SVDM 1 135 mm 44 7 in SWD M Barrel length620 mm 24 4 in SVD SWD M 1 565 mm 22 2 in SVDS 600 mm 23 6 in SVU 550 mm 21 7 in SVDM Cartridge7 62 54mmR 1 ActionGas operated rotating boltRate of fireSemi automaticMuzzle velocity830 m s 2 723 ft s SVD 810 m s 2 657 5 ft s SVDS 800 m s 2 624 7 ft s SVU Effective firing range800 m 875 yd Feed system10 round detachable box magazine 1 SightsPSO 1 telescopic sight 1PN51 1PN58 night vision sights and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sightIt was developed through 1958 1963 and selected as the winner of a contest that included three competing groups of designers led by Sergei Simonov prototype rejected in April 1960 Aleksandr Konstantinov and Yevgeny Dragunov Extensive field testing of the rifles conducted in a wide range of environmental conditions Konstantinov s competing 2B W 10 prototype was simpler and cheaper but tested less accurate durable and reliable resulted in Dragunov s proposal being accepted into service in July 1963 3 An initial pre production batch consisting of 200 rifles was assembled for evaluation purposes and from 1964 serial production was carried out by Izhmash later called Kalashnikov Concern Since then the SVD has become the standard squad support weapon of several countries including those of the former Warsaw Pact China produced a copy of the SVD through reverse engineered samples captured during the Sino Vietnamese War as the Type 79 and 85 4 Iran also produced a clone the Nakhjir 3 which was a direct copy of the Chinese Type 79 Contents 1 Design 1 1 Operating Mechanism 1 2 Barrel 1 3 Ammunition 1 4 Sights 1 5 Stock 1 6 Accessories 2 Variants 3 Doctrine 4 Users 4 1 Former users 5 Conflicts 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDesign EditThe SVD bears a number of cosmetic similarities to the AK family of rifles but these similarities are for the purpose of standardizing manual of arms This has occasionally lead to misidentification of the SVD as an AK variant and vice versa Operating Mechanism Edit The barrel breech is locked through a rotating bolt left rotation and uses three locking lugs to engage corresponding locking recesses in the barrel extension The rifle has a hammer type striking mechanism and a manual lever safety selector In addition to the trigger disconnect the fire control mechanism has a second disconnector which does not allow the hammer to fall until the bolt has been closed similar to a sear in a select fire weapon However the SVD was only designed for semi automatic fire The firing pin in the SVD is not retained i e free floating and it is therefore possible for accidental discharge to occur as the bolt pushes an unfired cartridge into the chamber should there be an obstruction in the firing pin channel resulting from poor maintenance or extreme cold The firearm is operated by a short stroke gas piston system with a two position gas regulator The gas regulator can be set with the help of the rim of a cartridge Position 1 leaves a gas escape port opened whereas position 2 closes the gas escape port and directs extra gas to the piston increasing the recoil velocity of the gas piston system and is used for resolving reliability issues which arise from fouling in the gas port action extreme cold high altitude or using under powered ammunition The rifle is fed from a detachable curved box magazine with a 10 round capacity and the cartridges are double stacked in a staggered zigzag pattern After discharging the last cartridge from the magazine the bolt carrier and bolt are held back on a bolt catch that is released by pulling the cocking handle to the rear The rifle s receiver is machined to improve precision by adding torsional strength Barrel Edit The barrel profile is relatively thin to save weight Its bore is chrome lined for increased corrosion resistance and features four right hand grooves Originally the twist rate was 320 mm 1 12 6 in as it had been designed for use with heavier civilian ammunition In 1975 the twist rate was increased to the standard 240 mm 1 9 4 in which reduced the precision with the 7N1 sniper cartridge by 19 but allowed for the use of standard light ball steel core LPS Gzh 57 N 323S as well as its variations incendiary tracer armor piercing with acceptable precision 5 The front part of the barrel features the front sight assembly and a bayonet lug The muzzle is equipped with a permanently affixed long slotted flash hider In order to pass inspections at the factory these rifles must not produce more than a 0 7 MOA median deviation from the expected point of impact in three 10 shot groups using 7N1 approximately 3 MOA Ammunition Edit To enable the desired precision of the SVD new sniper ammunition designated 7N1 was designed by V M Sabelnikov P P Sazonov and V M Dvorianinov in 1966 to meet the new standards 7N1 sniper cartridges should not produce more than 1 24 MOA extreme vertical spread with 240 mm twist rate barrels and no more than 1 04 MOA extreme vertical spread with 320 mm twist rate barrels in a 5 shot group The precision requirements demanded of the SVD with 7N1 is similar to the American M24 Sniper Weapon System with M118SB cartridges 1 18 MOA extreme vertical spread and the M110 Semi Automatic Sniper System with M118LR ammunition 1 27 MOA extreme vertical spread 7N1 differed from the standard LPS Gzh 57 N 323S cartridge in its use of finely extruded propellant and a modified projectile containing a void inside of the jacket at the tip which improved terminal ballistics and a bimetal lead and mild steel core With standard 57 N 323S cartridges the precision of the SVD is reduced to 2 21 MOA extreme vertical spread This ammunition was later replaced by 7N14 in 1999 which replaced the mild steel penetrator with a hardened steel penetrator in response to the development of infantry body armor Sights Edit PSO 1 s unique reticle The rangefinder is in the lower left chevrons for distances beyond 1 000 m 1 094 yd are found in the middle and stadia marks for windage to the left and right of the center reticule The reticle is illuminated by a small battery powered lamp The rifle features adjustable iron sights with a sliding tangent rear sight graduated from 100 to 1 200 m 109 to 1 312 yd in 100 m 109 yd increments The iron sights can be used with or without the standard issue optical sight in place This is possible because the scope mount does not block the area between the front and rear sights The SVD was originally issued with a detachable PSO 1 optical sight now PSO 1M2 which mounts to a Warsaw Pact rail on the left side of the receiver 6 The PSO 1 sight enables area targets to be engaged at ranges upwards of 1 300 m 1 422 yd effective ranges in combat situations have been stated at between 600 to 1 300 m 656 to 1 422 yd depending on the nature of the target point or area target quality of ammunition and skill of the shooter 7 8 Several military issue alternative telescopic sights with varying levels of magnification and reticles are available for the SVD Rifles designated SVDN come equipped with a night sight such as the NSP 3 NSPU PGN 1 NSPUM or the Polish passive PCS 5 Rifles designated SVDN 1 can use the passive night sight NSPU 3 1PN51 9 and rifles designated SVDN2 can use the passive night sight NSPUM 1PN58 10 Commercial non military issue mounts that attach to the Warsaw Pact rail mount can allow use of Picatinny rail mounted optics 11 Stock Edit The original SVD had a birch plywood laminate two piece handguard gas tube cover and a skeletonized thumbhole stock equipped with a detachable cheek rest the latter is removed when using iron sights Beginning in the 80 s wooden parts were replaced with synthetic parts made of a black polymer the handguard and gas tube cover are more or less identical in appearance while the thumbhole stock is of a different shape Accessories Edit Russian PSO 1M2 military issue 4 24 telescopic sight with the Warsaw Pact rail mounting system A number of accessories are issued with the rifle including a blade type bayonet AKM clipped point or the AK 74 spear point bayonet four spare magazines a leather or nylon sling magazine pouch cleaning kit and an accessory maintenance kit for the telescopic sight Also included is a cold weather battery case with a shirt clip with a permanently attached cord approximately 24 long ending with another battery case cap that has an extension to press against the internal contact in lieu of the battery to complete the circuit Placing the external battery case into the shooters clothing close to the body keeps it from freezing using the clip ensures it remains in place The clamp style bipod attaches to machined out reliefs near the front of the receiver it literally grabs the two cut out areas and securely mounts with a large round sized head on the clamp bolt able to tightly attach the bipod The legs are individually adjustable as opposed to fixed length found on many rifles and LMG s and can be folded and stowed in a forward position negating the need to remove the bipod before placing the rifle into the canvas carrying case The two legs are held close together with a J shaped clamp attached to one leg and swung over the other leg Original Soviet Russian SVD bipods fetch a very high price when they rarely appear on the market Variants EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources SVD rifle news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message SSV 58 The prototype submitted to trials by Dragunov The design lacked the fixed flash hider and bayonet lug which was added to the rifle prior to adoption The rear sights were mounted to the dust cover and were aperture sights instead of the standard notch sight Soldier on the left displaying the clamp style bipodSVDN 6V1N A series of variants of the original SVD which were issued with various night vision optics V 70 A prototype automatic rifle developed in 1968 It involved the development of a new bipod a thicker and shorter barrel with a new muzzle device and 15 20 round magazines The detachable bipod designed for this project would be used in subsequent models of SVD Tiger A civilian variant of the SVD lacking a bayonet lug first produced in the 1970s Serial production for began in 1992 12 For export into the United States the sear which prevented out of battery discharge had to be removed to comply with the National Firearms Act As of the writing of this article Tiger rifles are available with shortened 520 mm and full length 620 mm barrels different stocks including an SVDS style folding stock and are chambered in 7 62 54mmR 308 Winchester 30 06 Springfield or 9 3 64mm Brenneke AF A prototype automatic rifle developed in the mid 70 s The prototypes were chambered in 5 45x39mm and made compatible with AK 74 magazines specifically the 45 round magazine also compatible with the RPK 74 Pair of Dragunovs imported to the U S as Tigers The top rifle has a cheek pad two 10 round magazines and a flash suppressor The bottom rifle was marketed as a hunting carbine It has no cheek pad two 5 round magazines and no flash suppressor SVD S 6V3 Attempts to reduce the length of the rifle for use by marines mechanized infantry and paratroopers began in 1978 by adding a folding buttstock and a separate pistol grip Initially preexisting stock designs were used such as the one from the AKS 74 but ergonomic problems necessitated the design of a unique folding stock 13 The final design was chosen out of a variety of prototypes and adopted in 1995 which had a metal stock which folded to the right as to not be interfered by the optic mount and also had a shortened barrel The stock included a rubber shoulder pad and cheek riser The barrel was also given a heavier profile the receiver housing was strengthened the gas cylinder block was improved and a ported and a shorter conical flash suppressor was adopted The SVDSN 6V3N variants much like the SVDN variants are simply equipped with various night vision devices Russian made SVD top and SVDS shortened variant with folding stock rifles featuring modern synthetic furnitureSVDG 6V1 10 A smoothbore SVD with a 10mm bore developed alongside the modern intermediate cartridge program to use the experimental 3 mm APFSDS projectile originally designed for use in standard machine guns The design was not implemented due to the poor terminal ballistics of the projectile and the complexity of the new weapon Type 79 85 A Chinese variant of the SVD Although the design is nearly identical to the original SVD some parts are not interchangeable as the dimensions are slightly different from Soviet production rifles A small quantity were also chambered in 308 winchester for export Exported rifles are often referred to as the NDM 86 or EM 351 Al Kadesih An Iraqi variant of the SVD not to be confused with the Tabuk rifle Although the design is very similar to the SVD many parts are not interchangeable due to its unique dimensions and design characteristics For example the receiver is not milled and is slightly longer than that of the SVD and the barrel is pinned to the receiver instead of being threaded The rifle is also issued magazines with an ornamental palm tree relief 14 15 TKB 0172 An early bullpup design of the SVD developed by the Tula Sporting and Hunting Weapons Design Bureau in the 80 s This rifle also had a significantly shortened barrel to reduce length SSV 6 6V1 6 Chambered in the experimental 6mm cartridge developed in the 80 s The weapon was not adopted due to the poor effectiveness of the cartridge OTs 03 SVU A variant of the TKB 0172 which began serial production in 1991 for the MVD The rifle was also equipped with an improved muzzle brake as well as a rear aperture sight much like the original SVD prototype Many were not new production rifles but instead retrofitted SVDs A select fire variant OTs 03A S SVU A was also produced in small quantities to serve as an automatic rifle but the automatic fire capability was later removed from the design The original shortened barrel was also later replaced with a full length barrel in the design SVDK 6V9 An experimental Russian variant chambered for the 9 3 64mm 7N33 cartridge based on the civilian Tigr design SWD M A modernized Polish variant of the SVD adopted in 1998 which uses a heavy barrel bipod mounted to the forearm and LD 6 6 42 telescopic sight CS LR19 or NSG 85 A modernized Chinese variant of the Type 85 adopted by the PLA in 2014 Russian SVDM sniper rifle SVDM A modernized variant of the SVDS which entered service in 2018 16 Compared to its predecessor the SVDM was notably designed with a thicker and 550 mm long barrel new furniture and a picatinny rail mount on the new hinged dust cover The variable power 1P88 4 1P88 4 telescopic sight is used as the standard day optic The SVDM rifle can be used with a detachable bipod and with a quick detachable suppressor The iron sight line features a simplified rear sight element and a new front sight element located above the gas block The SVDM has a length of 1 135 mm 44 7 in 975 mm 38 4 in with the stock folded and weighs 5 3 kg 12 lb 17 Doctrine EditThe SVD was used by designated marksmen deployed in the Soviet Army at the basic motorized infantry rifle platoon level 18 For this purpose the rifle was designed to be much lighter than more conventional precision rifles making it better suited for use by infantry and the rifle is autoloading in order to prioritize volume of fire over precision It was thought that a relatively small number of marksmen armed with 7 62 54mmR fully powered cartridge chambered arms could assist conventional troops armed with 7 62 39mm intermediate cartridge chambered arms by suppressing harassing valuable targets and assets such as officers radio operators vehicle crews other marksmen machine gun teams anti tank warfare teams etc with greater precision and at much greater ranges 19 Once the rifle had been produced in sufficient numbers every infantry platoon of Warsaw Pact troops included at least one SVD equipped marksman In the German Democratic Republic arsenals there were almost 2 000 20 The marksmen were often chosen from personnel who displayed exceptional rifle marksmanship while members of DOSAAF Such marksmen were estimated to have a 50 probability of hitting a standing man sized target at 800 m 875 yd and an 80 probability of hitting a standing man sized target at 500 m 547 yd For distances not exceeding 200 m 219 yd the probability was estimated to be well above 90 To attain this level of accuracy the sniper could not engage more than two such targets per minute 21 Users Edit A United States Marine receives instruction on the SVD Gold plated Al Kadesiah rifle found in one of Saddam Hussein s palaces on display at the Parachute Regiment exhibition of the Imperial War Museum in Duxford Gold plated Al Kadesiah were a common gift for VIPs of the Ba athist era Iraqi regime Afghanistan 22 used by the Afghan National Army 23 and Taliban 24 Algeria 25 Albania 26 Austria 27 Bangladesh Uses Chinese Type 85 variant 28 Belarus 25 Bolivia Type 79 variant in use 29 Burundi Burundian special forces 30 Bulgaria 25 Central African Republic SVD and Type 85 31 China Norinco made copy of the SVD known as the Type 79 32 Equipped with a 4 magnification optical sight which is a copy of the PSO 1 The rifle has a slightly shorter butt Also produced a modified Type 85 32 33 and several other commercial copies of the SVD 33 34 35 An upgraded variant called the CS LR19 was also debuted Export variants such as the NSG 85 were also produced 36 Czech Republic 37 Egypt 38 Finland Known as the 7 62 TKIV Dragunov which stands for tarkkuuskivaari sniper rifle 39 Georgia 25 Hungary 27 India Used by Designated Marksmen Being phased out in favour of newer systems 40 41 42 43 Iran Locally produced as the Nakhjir 3 Sniper Rifle 44 45 46 A new upgraded version was unveiled during the Muhammad Rasulullah 4 exercises held on 12 December 2016 47 Iraq Al Kadesiah made based on SVD and PSL 48 Official Iraqi designation is either Al Qadissiya or Al Gadissiya 49 SVD and Kadesiah rifles has been used by both Saddam s 50 and post 2003 Iraqi Army 51 and by Iraqi insurgents 52 SVDs are also fielded by the Popular Mobilization Forces 53 Ivory Coast 54 Islamic State SVD and Type 79 55 Kazakhstan 25 Kyrgyzstan 25 Latvia 56 Lesotho 57 Libya 25 Lord Resistance Army 58 Mali 59 Moldova 25 Nicaragua 25 Niger Including Type 85s 60 North Korea 61 Panama Formerly used by the defunct Panama Defense Forces 62 Philippines Type 85 Chinese variant 63 Also batches of SVD rifle donated by Russia citation needed Poland 25 Polish SVD modernization known as SWD M and updated with a heavier barrel variable magnification scope and detachable bipod 64 65 It s planned to replace SVD with the marksman variant of the FB MSBS Grot 66 Russia SVD M 25 and folding stock SVDS 67 Senegal Used by Air Force 68 and Army 69 Serbia Special forces model SVDK 70 Slovakia 71 Sudan 72 Syria 38 Tajikistan 25 Turkey Used by Gendarmerie General Command and Polis Ozel Harekat 73 Turkmenistan 25 Ukraine 25 Uzbekistan 25 Venezuela Over 1000 rifles purchased by the Army of Venezuela in 2007 74 Vietnam Used by the Vietnamese Army since the Vietnam War 75 Zimbabwe 76 Former users Edit East Germany Issued as the SWD 77 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 78 Czechoslovakia Entered service with the Czechoslovak Army in the 1970 s 79 Soviet Union Entered service with the Soviet Army in 1967 22 Conflicts EditVietnam War 80 Sino Vietnamese War 81 Soviet Afghan War 82 Lebanese Civil War 1982 Lebanon War South Lebanon conflict 1985 2000 Iran Iraq War First Nagorno Karabakh War 83 better source needed Gulf War Salvadoran Civil War Operation Restore Hope South African Border War Burundian Civil War War in Afghanistan 2001 2021 24 Iraq War Yugoslav Wars First Chechen War Second Chechen War 2011 Libyan Civil War Northern Mali conflict 84 Syrian Civil War 85 better source needed Boko Haram insurgency Iraqi Civil War 2014 2017 Russo Ukrainian War Yemeni Civil War 2015 present 86 better source needed Saudi Yemeni border conflict 2015 present 2022 Russia Ukraine warSee also EditSVDK a variant of the SVD chambered in 9 3 64mm Brenneke VSS Vintorez a suppressed sniper rifle also used in limited numbers in Russia similar weapon Pusca Semiautomată cu Lunetă PSL a Romanian designated marksman sniper rifle that resembles the SVD chambered in 7 62 54mmR Zastava M76 a Yugoslavian designated marksman sniper rifle that resembles the SVD chambered in 7 92 57mm Mauser Zastava M91 a Serbian designated marksman sniper rifle that resembles the SVD chambered in 7 62 54mmR IMI Galatz an Israeli designated marksman sniper rifle that resembles the SVD chambered in 7 62 51mm NATO References Edit a b c d e f Hogg Ian 2002 Jane s Guns Recognition Guide Jane s Information Group ISBN 0 00 712760 X Kjellgren G L M The Practical Range of Small Arms PDF The American Rifleman pp 40 44 Archived PDF from the original on 5 March 2015 The SWD M Replacement for Poland New 7 62 51 mm marksman rifle Chinese Sniper Rifles Have a Troubled History 4 June 2018 Archived from the original on 2019 04 03 Retrieved 2019 04 03 Evgeniy Dragunov Creator of Firepower abstracts from a forthcoming book Archived 2009 02 27 at the Wayback Machine PSO 1 Manual PDF AR15 com Archived from the original PDF on May 18 2011 Retrieved October 29 2007 snipersparadise com discussion on the SVD effective range by sniper instructors users Archived from the original on 17 October 2016 Retrieved 13 November 2014 UN judgement dealing with sniping during the Yugoslav wars PDF Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2009 Retrieved 13 November 2014 IZDELIE 1PN51 TEHNIChESKOE OPISANIE I INSTRUKCIYa PO EKSPLUATACII PRODUCT 1PN51 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS in Russian January 1992 pp 11 16 IZDELIE 1PN58 TEHNIChESKOE OPISANIE I INSTRUKCIYa PO EKSPLUATACII PRODUCT 1PN58 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS in Russian February 1991 pp 5 13 SVDM Dragunov Sniper Rifle Scope Mount FAB Defense Archived from the original on 9 September 2015 Retrieved 16 August 2015 I Deryushev Ohotnichij karabin Tigr 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Event occurs at 9 03 Archived from the original on 9 September 2015 Retrieved 15 Jun 2015 Touchard Laurent 18 June 2013 Armee malienne le difficile inventaire Jeune Afrique in French Archived from the original on 8 April 2019 Retrieved 24 September 2018 sniper team equipped with Mosin Nafgant and SVD rifles firing at SAA check point in Latakia YouTube Archived from the original on 2014 04 11 Retrieved 2017 06 09 Yemen War 2015 Heavy Clashes On The Saudi Border As Houthi Rebels Attack Saudi Military Outposts in Arabic Yemen 2015 Event occurs at 9 46 Archived from the original on 12 August 2015 Retrieved 19 June 2015 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to SVD IZHMASH JSC official site 7 62 mm Dragunov Sniper Rifle SVD Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SVD rifle amp oldid 1131585309, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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