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You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua cocama]]; see its history for attribution.
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Cocama (Kokáma) is a language spoken by thousands of people in western South America. It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali, lower Marañón, and Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia. There are three dialects. The robust dialect is known as Cocama, Kokama, Kukama-Kukamiria, Ucayali, Xibitaoan, Huallaga, Pampadeque, and Pandequebo. By 1999, Cocamilla (Kokamíya) was moribund, being only spoken by people over 40.
Out of a projected ethnic population of 15,000, the majority of Cocama speakers, 2,000, live in Perú. Remaining speakers live in Amazonas state in Brazil, where 50 out of 411 ethnic Chayahuitas speak it and it is known as Kokama or Kokamilla. Most speakers are trilingual and can also speak Portuguese and Spanish. Very few are monolingual. There are 20 ethnic groups in Colombia's Lower Putumayo area with an unknown number of Cocama-Cocamilla speakers. Most expected speakers would also be trilingual, but the language may be extinct in the region.
Cocama speakers have a 3% literacy rate, compared with 50% for Spanish. Grammar rules have been developed and the language is written using the Latin script. Parts of the Bible have been translated into the language.
Cocama is closely related to Omagua, a nearly extinct language spoken in Peru and Brazil.
In 2013, residents of Nauta, Loreto Province, Peru created a children's rap video in the Kukama-Kukamiria dialect, in collaboration with Radio Ucamara. The local radio station has been involved in efforts to preserve the language for "a few years," and "started managing a school called Ikuar, with the goal of teaching the language through songs and traditional story telling."[4]
Referencesedit
Notesedit
^ abCocama at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Cabral (2012) argues that Kokama/Omagua is a mixed language, and so not directly classifiable, though most of its basic vocabulary is Tupi–Guarani.
^Ortiz, Diego M. (2013-08-09). "Children's rap video gives new life to Peruvian indigenous language". Latina Lista. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
Sourcesedit
Vallejos Yopán, Rosa (2010). A grammar of Kokama-Kokamilla (PhD thesis). University of Oregon. hdl:1794/11051.
Further readingedit
Michael, Lev (2014). "On the Pre-Columbian origin of Proto-Omagua-Kokama" (PDF). Journal of Language Contact. 7 (2): 309–344. doi:10.1163/19552629-00702004.
Vallejos Yopán, Rosa (2009). "The Focus Function(s) of =pura in Kokama‐Kokamilla Discourse". International Journal of American Linguistics. 75 (3): 399–432. doi:10.1086/605418..
Vallejos Yopán, Rosa (2014). "Reference Constraints and Information Structure Management in Kokama Purpose Clauses: A Typological Novelty?". International Journal of American Linguistics. 80 (1): 39–67. doi:10.1086/674160..
"Language: Cocama-Cocamilla". Summer Institute of Linguistics Peru: Investigating the Languages and Cultures of Peru. 2009. Retrieved 2013-08-20.[permanent dead link]
"Cocama". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
OLAC resources in and about the Cocama-Cocamilla language
OLAC resources in and about the Omagua language
ELAR archive of The Kukama-Kukamiria Documentation Project
May 12, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese May 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Portuguese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 522 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Lingua cocama see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated pt Lingua cocama to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Cocama Kokama is a language spoken by thousands of people in western South America It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali lower Maranon and Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia There are three dialects The robust dialect is known as Cocama Kokama Kukama Kukamiria Ucayali Xibitaoan Huallaga Pampadeque and Pandequebo By 1999 Cocamilla Kokamiya was moribund being only spoken by people over 40 CocamaKokamaNative toPeru Brazil Colombia VenezuelaEthnicity16 000 Cambeba et al 2007 1 KokamaNative speakers250 in Peru 2007 1 few in other countriesLanguage familyTupian Tupi GuaraniTupiCocama Omagua 2 CocamaLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code cod class extiw title iso639 3 cod cod a Glottologcoca1259ELPCocama Cocamilla Out of a projected ethnic population of 15 000 the majority of Cocama speakers 2 000 live in Peru Remaining speakers live in Amazonas state in Brazil where 50 out of 411 ethnic Chayahuitas speak it and it is known as Kokama or Kokamilla Most speakers are trilingual and can also speak Portuguese and Spanish Very few are monolingual There are 20 ethnic groups in Colombia s Lower Putumayo area with an unknown number of Cocama Cocamilla speakers Most expected speakers would also be trilingual but the language may be extinct in the region Cocama speakers have a 3 literacy rate compared with 50 for Spanish Grammar rules have been developed and the language is written using the Latin script Parts of the Bible have been translated into the language Cocama is closely related to Omagua a nearly extinct language spoken in Peru and Brazil Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 1 3 Phonetic realisations 2 Revitalization efforts 3 References 3 1 Notes 3 2 Sources 4 Further reading 5 External linksPhonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Plosive p t k Fricative x Affricate t s t ʃ Nasal m n Tap Flap ɾ Semivowel w j Plosive sounds may also be realized as voiced 3 Vowels edit Front Central Back Close i ɨ u Mid e Open a Phonetic realisations edit Phoneme Allophones p p b t t d k k ɡ kʰ ts ts s tʃ tʃ tʃ ʃ n n ɲ ŋ ɾ ɾ l w w b j j z i i ɪ e e e e ɪ ɨ ɨ ɪ u u ʊ o Revitalization efforts editIn 2013 residents of Nauta Loreto Province Peru created a children s rap video in the Kukama Kukamiria dialect in collaboration with Radio Ucamara The local radio station has been involved in efforts to preserve the language for a few years and started managing a school called Ikuar with the goal of teaching the language through songs and traditional story telling 4 References editNotes edit a b Cocama at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Cabral 2012 argues that Kokama Omagua is a mixed language and so not directly classifiable though most of its basic vocabulary is Tupi Guarani Vallejos Yopan 2010 Ortiz Diego M 2013 08 09 Children s rap video gives new life to Peruvian indigenous language Latina Lista Retrieved 2013 08 20 Sources edit Vallejos Yopan Rosa 2010 A grammar of Kokama Kokamilla PhD thesis University of Oregon hdl 1794 11051 Further reading editMichael Lev 2014 On the Pre Columbian origin of Proto Omagua Kokama PDF Journal of Language Contact 7 2 309 344 doi 10 1163 19552629 00702004 Vallejos Yopan Rosa 2009 The Focus Function s of pura in Kokama Kokamilla Discourse International Journal of American Linguistics 75 3 399 432 doi 10 1086 605418 Vallejos Yopan Rosa 2014 Reference Constraints and Information Structure Management in Kokama Purpose Clauses A Typological Novelty International Journal of American Linguistics 80 1 39 67 doi 10 1086 674160 Vallejos Rosa A grammar of Kukama Kukamiria Leiden The Netherlands Brill 08 Apr 2016 ISBN 978 90 04 31452 8 doi https doi org 10 1163 9789004314528External links edit Language Cocama Cocamilla Summer Institute of Linguistics Peru Investigating the Languages and Cultures of Peru 2009 Retrieved 2013 08 20 permanent dead link Cocama World Atlas of Language Structures Online Retrieved 2013 08 20 OLAC resources in and about the Cocama Cocamilla language OLAC resources in and about the Omagua language ELAR archive of The Kukama Kukamiria Documentation Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cocama language amp oldid 1174205837, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
