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Wikipedia

Caterpillar Inc.

November 16, 2023

For other uses, see Caterpillar (disambiguation).

Caterpillar Inc., also known simply as CAT, is an American construction, mining and other engineering equipment manufacturer.[6] The company is the world's largest manufacturer of construction equipment.[3][7][8] In 2018, Caterpillar was ranked number 73 on the Fortune 500 list[9] and number 265 on the Global Fortune 500 list.[10] Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.[11]

Caterpillar Inc.
Former headquarters in Peoria, Illinois
CAT, Inc.
TypePublic
Industry
Predecessor
FoundedApril 15, 1925; 98 years ago (1925-04-15) in Wisconsin, U.S.
FounderC.L. Best, Benjamin Holt[1]
HeadquartersIrving, Texas, U.S.[2]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Jim Umpleby
(chairman & CEO)
Products
Products List
Services
Services List
Revenue US$59.4 billion (2022)
US$7.90 billion (2022)
US$6.71 billion (2022)
Total assets US$81.9 billion (2022)
Total equity US$15.9 billion (2022)
Number of employees
109,100 (2022)
Subsidiaries
Subsidiary List
Websitecaterpillar.com
Footnotes / references
[3][4][5]

Caterpillar Inc. traces its origins to the 1925 merger of the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company, creating a new entity, California-based Caterpillar Tractor Company.[12] In 1986, the company reorganized itself as a Delaware corporation under the current name, Caterpillar Inc. It announced in January 2017 that over the course of that year, it would relocate its headquarters from Peoria, Illinois, to Deerfield, Illinois, scrapping plans from 2015 of building an $800 million new headquarters complex in downtown Peoria.[13][14] Its headquarters are located in Irving, Texas, since 2022.[15][16]

The company also licenses and markets a line of clothing and workwear boots under its Cat / Caterpillar name.[17][18] Additionally, the company licenses the Cat phone brand of toughened mobile phones and rugged smartphones since 2012.[19] Caterpillar machinery and other company-branded products are recognizable by their trademark "Caterpillar Yellow" livery and the "CAT" logo.[20]

History edit

Main article: Holt Manufacturing Company

Origins edit

 
Benjamin Holt, one of the founders of Holt Manufacturing Company
 
The Holt 75 model gasoline-powered Caterpillar tractor used early in World War I as an artillery tractor. Later models were produced without the front "tiller wheel", c. 1914.

The company traces its roots to the steam tractor machines manufactured by the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1890.[21] The steam tractors of the 1890s and early 1900s were extremely heavy, sometimes weighing 1,000 pounds (450 kg) per horsepower, and often sank into the earth of the San Joaquin Valley Delta farmland surrounding Stockton, California.[22] Benjamin Holt attempted to fix the problem by increasing the size and width of the wheels up to 7.5 feet (2.3 m) tall and 6 feet (1.8 m) wide, producing a tractor 46 feet (14 m) wide, but this also made the tractors increasingly complex, expensive, and difficult to maintain.

Another solution considered was to lay a temporary plank road ahead of the steam tractor, but this was time-consuming, expensive, and interfered with earthmoving. Holt thought of wrapping the planks around the wheels.[22] He replaced the wheels on a 40 horsepower (30 kW) Holt steamer, No. 77, with a set of wooden tracks bolted to chains. On Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1904, he successfully tested the updated machine plowing the soggy delta land of Roberts Island.[23]

Contemporaneously, Richard Hornsby & Sons in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, developed a steel plate-tracked vehicle, which it patented in 1904.[24] This tractor was the first to be steered using differential braking of the tracks, eliminating the forward tiller and steering wheel. Several tractors were made and sold to operate in the Yukon, one example of which was in operation until 1927, and remnants of it still exist. Hornsby found a limited market for their tractor, so they sold their patent to Holt five years after its development.[25]

Company photographer Charles Clements, looking at the machine's upside-down image through his camera lens, commented that the track rising and falling over the carrier rollers looked like a caterpillar,[26][27] and Holt seized on the metaphor. "Caterpillar it is. That's the name for it!"[23] Some sources, though, attribute this name to British soldiers who had witnessed trials of the Hornsby tractor in July 1907. Two years later, Holt sold his first steam-powered tractor crawlers for US$5,500, about US$128,000 today. Each side featured a track frame measured 30 inches (760 mm) high by 42 inches (1,100 mm) wide and were 9 feet (2.7 m) long. The tracks were 3 inches (76 mm) by 4 inches (100 mm) redwood slats.[23]

Holt received the first patent for a practical continuous track for use with a tractor on December 7, 1907, for his improved "Traction Engine" ("improvement in vehicles, and especially of the traction engine class; and included endless traveling platform supports upon which the engine is carried").[28]

Headquarters locations edit

 
The Holt Caterpillar Co. factory in East Peoria, Illinois, in 1910. Tractors were assembled in place before assembly lines were introduced. Holt bought the plant from the bankrupt Colean Manufacturing Co. in 1910.[29]
 
A postcard showing the Caterpillar Tractor Co. plant in Peoria, period 1930–1945

On February 2, 1910,[27] Holt opened up a plant in East Peoria, Illinois, led by his nephew Pliny Holt. There, Pliny met farm implement dealer Murray Baker, who knew of an empty factory that had been recently built to manufacture farm implements and steam traction engines. Baker, who later became the first executive vice president of what became Caterpillar Tractor Company, wrote to Holt headquarters in Stockton and described the plant of the bankrupt Colean Manufacturing Co. of East Peoria. On October 25, 1909, Pliny Holt purchased the factory,[30] and immediately began operations with 12 employees.[31] Holt incorporated it as the Holt Caterpillar Company, although he did not trademark the name Caterpillar until August 2, 1910.[27]

The addition of a plant in the Midwest, despite the hefty capital needed to retool the plant, proved so profitable that only two years later, the company employed 625 people and was exporting tractors to Argentina, Canada, and Mexico.[32] Tractors were built in both Stockton and East Peoria.[33][34]

On January 31, 2017, the company announced plans to move their headquarters from Peoria to Deerfield, Illinois, by the end of 2017.[35] The new location at 500 Lake Cook Road is the former site of a Fiatallis plant that manufactured wheel loaders for many years.

On June 14, 2022, the company announced plans to move its global headquarters from Deerfield, Illinois, to Irving, Texas, beginning later in the year, citing "the best strategic interest of the company."[36]

Use in World War I edit

The first tanks used in WWI were manufactured by William Foster & Co., also in Lincolnshire, England, and were introduced to the battlefield in 1916. That company had collaborated with Hornsby in the development of the vehicles demonstrated to the British military in 1907, providing the paraffin (kerosene) engines.

Holt's track-type tractors played a support role in World War I. Even before the U.S. formally entered WWI, Holt had shipped 1,200 tractors to England, France, and Russia for agricultural purposes. These governments, however, sent the tractors directly to the battlefront, where the military put them to work hauling artillery and supplies.[37] When World War I broke out, the British War Office ordered a Holt tractor and put it through trials at Aldershot. The War Office was suitably impressed and chose it as a gun tractor.[38] Over the next four years, the Holt tractor became a major artillery tractor, mainly used to haul medium guns such as the 6-inch howitzer, the 60-pounder, and later the 9.2-inch howitzer.[39]

Holt tractors were also the inspiration for the development of the British tank, which profoundly altered ground warfare tactics.[23][40] Major Ernest Swinton, sent to France as an army war correspondent, very soon saw the potential of a track-laying tractor.[41]: 116  Although the British later chose an English firm to build its first tanks, the Holt tractor became "one of the most important military vehicles of all time."[39]

Postwar challenges edit

Holt tractors had become well known during World War I. Military contracts formed the major part of the company's production. When the war ended, Holt's planned expansion to meet the military's needs was abruptly terminated. The heavy-duty tractors needed by the military were unsuitable for farmers. The company's situation worsened when artillery tractors were returned from Europe, depressing prices for new equipment and Holt's unsold inventory of military tractors. The company struggled with the transition from wartime boom to peacetime bust. To keep the company afloat, they borrowed heavily.

C. L. Best Gas Tractor Company, formed by Clarence Leo Best in 1910, and Holt's primary competitor, had during the war received government support, enabling it to supply farmers with the smaller agricultural tractors they needed.[42][43] As a result, Best had gained a considerable market advantage over Holt by war's end. Best also assumed considerable debt to allow it to continue expansion, especially the production of its new Best Model 60 "Tracklayer".

Both companies were adversely impacted by the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy, which contributed to a nationwide depression, further inhibiting sales. On December 5, 1920, 71-year-old Benjamin Holt died after a month-long illness.[43][44]

Caterpillar company formed (1925) edit

 
A 60-horsepower Caterpillar Sixty being used for road work in the Cibola National Forest, New Mexico, United States in 1931
 
A Caterpillar D2, introduced in 1938, at the Serpentine Vintage Tractor Museum, Serpentine, Western Australia

The banks and bankers who held the company's large debt forced the Holt board of directors to accept their candidate, Thomas A. Baxter, to succeed Benjamin Holt. Baxter initially cut the large tractors from the company's product line and introduced smaller models focused on the agricultural market. When the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 funded a US$1 billion federal highway building program, Baxter began refocusing the company towards building road-construction equipment.[30]: 66  Both companies also faced fierce competition from the Fordson company.

Between 1907 and 1918, Best and Holt had spent about US$1.5 million in legal fees fighting each other in a number of contractual, trademark, and patent infringement lawsuits.[45] Harry H. Fair of the bond brokerage house of Pierce, Fair & Company of San Francisco had helped to finance C. L. Best's debt and Holt shareholders approached him about their company's financial difficulty. Fair recommended that the two companies should merge. In April and May 1925, the financially stronger C. L. Best merged with the market leader Holt Caterpillar to form the Caterpillar Tractor Co.[46]

The new company was headquartered in San Leandro until 1930, when under the terms of the merger, it was moved to Peoria.[31] Baxter had been removed as CEO earlier in 1925, and Clarence Leo Best assumed the title of CEO, and remained in that role until October 1951.[42]

The Caterpillar company consolidated its product lines, offering only five track-type tractors: the 2 Ton, 5 Ton, and 10 Ton from the Holt Manufacturing Company's old product line and the Caterpillar 30 and Caterpillar 60 from the C. L. Best Tractor Co.'s former product line. The 10 Ton and 5 Ton models were discontinued in 1926. In 1928, the 2 Ton was discontinued. Sales the first year were US$13 million. By 1929, sales climbed to US$52.8 million, and Caterpillar continued to grow throughout the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Caterpillar adopted the diesel engine to replace gasoline engines. During World War II, Caterpillar products found fame with the Seabees, construction battalions of the United States Navy, which built airfields and other facilities in the Pacific Theater of Operations. Caterpillar ranked 44th among United States corporations in the value of wartime military production contracts.[47] During the postwar construction boom, the company grew at a rapid pace, and launched its first venture outside the U.S. in 1950, marking the beginning of Caterpillar's development into a multinational corporation.

In 2018, Caterpillar was in the process of restructuring, closing a demonstration center in Panama and an engine-manufacturing facility in Illinois.[48]

Expansion in developing markets edit

 
Excavator displayed at the 2021 Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition, in Changsha, Hunan, China

Caterpillar built its first Russian facility in the town of Tosno, located near St. Petersburg, Russia. It was completed in 16 months, occupied in November 1999, and began fabricating machine components in 2000.[49] It had the first electrical substation built in the Leningrad Oblast since the Communist government was dissolved on December 26, 1991. The facility was built under harsh winter conditions, where the temperature was below −25 °C. The facility construction was managed by the Lemminkäinen Group in Helsinki, Finland.[citation needed]

The $125M Caterpillar Suzhou, People's Republic of China facility, manufactures medium-wheel loaders and motor graders, primarily for the Asian market. The first machine was scheduled for production in March 2009. URS Ausino, in San Francisco, California, manages facility construction.[citation needed]

Caterpillar has manufactured in Brazil since 1960.[50] In 2010 the company announced plans to further expand production of backhoe and small wheel loaders with a new factory.[51]

Caterpillar has been manufacturing machines, engines, and generator sets in India, as well. Caterpillar has three facilities in India, which are in Tamil Nadu (Thiruvallur and Hosur) and Maharastra (Aurangabad).

Acquisitions edit

In addition to increasing sales of its core products, much of Caterpillar's growth has been through acquisitions, including:

Sortable table
Company or asset acquired Location Date Acquired from Products Notes
Trackson Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 1951[52] Traxcavators (tracked loaders) and pipelayers "Traxcavator" became a Cat brand
Towmotor Corporation Mentor, Ohio, United States 1965[53] Forklifts In 1992 became Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklifts, a joint venture 80% owned by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Marketed under both the Towmotor and Caterpillar brands – the Caterpillar brand changed to Cat Lift Trucks[54]
Solar Division and Turbomach Division San Diego, California, United States 1981[55] International Harvester Company Industrial gas turbines Became Solar Turbines Incorporated, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc.
Balderson, Inc. Wamego, Kansas, United States 1990[56] Balderson, Inc. Work Tools for Construction and Mining Equipment, e.g. buckets, blades, forks The name of Balderson, Inc., was changed to Caterpillar Work Tools, Inc. in 1998 and remains a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc.
Barber-Greene Co. Inc. Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States 1991[57] Paving products Renamed Caterpillar Paving Products
Krupp MaK Maschinenbau GmbH Kiel, Germany 1997[58][59] Fried. Krupp GmbH Marine diesel engines Renamed MaK Motoren GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. and will continue to use the MaK brand name.
Perkins Engines Peterborough, United Kingdom 1998[60] LucasVarity Small diesel engines Produces both Cat- and Perkins-branded engines
Kato Engineering Mankato, Minnesota, United States 1998[61] Rockwell Automation, Inc. Large electrical generators
F.G. Wilson Larne, Northern Ireland 1999[62][63] Emerson Electric Company Generators, produces both Cat- and Olympian-branded generators Asset swap, Emerson acquired Kato Engineering from Caterpillar as part of transaction.
Earthmoving Equipment Division Chennai, India 2000[64] Hindustan Motors Ltd. Construction equipment Renamed Caterpillar India, and the service and maintenance are provided by Birla Group's GMMCO Ltd.
Caterpillar Elphinstone Burnie, Australia 2000[65] Elphinstone Underground mining equipment Acquired 50% interest in joint venture from partner Elphinstone, renamed Caterpillar Underground Mining
Sabre Engines Ltd. Wimborne, United Kingdom 2000[66] Sabre Group Ltd. Marine diesel engines Renamed Caterpillar Marine Power UK, produces both Cat- and Perkins-Sabre-branded engines
Bitelli SpA Minerbio, Italy 2000[67] Asphalt pavers, cold planers, compactors and other road maintenance products Merged into Caterpillar Paving Products
Wealdstone Engineering Ltd. Rushden, United Kingdom 2004[68] Remanufacturer of gasoline and diesel engines Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services
Williams Technologies, Inc. Summerville, South Carolina, United States 2004[68] Delco Remy International Inc. Remanufacturer of automatic transmissions, torque converters and engines Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services
Turbomach SA Riazzino, Switzerland 2004[69] Babcock Borsig AG Packager of industrial gas turbines and related systems
Progress Rail Albertville, Alabama, United States 2006[70][71] One Equity Partners Supplier of railroad and transit system products and services, owner of Electro-Motive Diesel
Hindustan PowerPlus Ltd. Mathagondapalli, Tamil Nadu, India 2006[72][73] Hindustan Motors Engine components and heavy-duty diesel engines Buyout of joint venture formed in 1988, renamed Caterpillar Power India Private Ltd., merged into Caterpillar India in 2008
Eurenov S.A.S. Chaumont, France 2007[74][75] Automotive component remanufacturing Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services
Forestry Division of Blount International, Inc. Portland, Oregon, United States 2007[74][76] Blount International, Inc. Timber harvesting and processing equipment, loaders and attachments
Shandong Engineering Machinery (SEM) China 2008[77] Wheel loaders
Lovat Inc. Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2008[78] Tunnel boring machines 2 April 2008: "This acquisition is Caterpillar's entry into the rapidly expanding tunnel boring machine business, and it represents an excellent strategic fit for our companies and the customers we serve around the world," – Stu Levenick, Caterpillar group president.

2 May 2013: "We continuously evaluate our strategic portfolio to ensure alignment with our long-term strategy and have concluded the tunneling business no longer fits that strategy," – Stu Levenick. Caterpillar Tunneling Canada Corporation (CTCC) have notified employees that it will exit the business and cease production at its facilities by mid-2014.

Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. Sagami & Akashi, Japan 2008[78][79] Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Construction equipment Joint venture since 1963, after purchase of majority renamed Caterpillar Japan Ltd.
MGE Equipamentos & Serviços Ferroviários Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil 2008[80][81] Railroad equipment remanufacturing Subsidiary of Progress Rail
Gremada Industries, Inc. West Fargo, North Dakota, United States 2008[82][83] Gremada Industries, Inc. Remanufacturing transmissions, torque converters, and final drives Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services
Twin City Signal Inc. Hudson, Wisconsin, United States 2008[84] Signaling, traffic control Division of Progress Rail
JCS Co., Ltd. Yangsan City, Kyungnam, South Korea 2009[85][86] Jinsung T.E.C. Co., Ltd. Seal technology
GE Inspection Products Erie, Pennsylvania, United States 2010[87] GE Transportation Rail inspection products Division of Progress Rail
FCM Rail Ltd. Fenton, Michigan, United States 2010[88][89] Rail maintenance equipment leasing Division of Progress Rail
Zeit Comercio e Montagem de Equipamentos Ltda Curitiba, Parana, Brazil 2010[90] Automation and electrical equipment for locomotives and other industries Acquired by MGE, a division of Progress Rail
Electro-Motive Diesel La Grange, Illinois, United States 2010[91] Greenbriar Equity Group LLC, Berkshire Partners LLC, et al. Railroad locomotives and large diesel engines Wholly owned subsidiary of Progress Rail
Underground Imaging Technologies, Inc. (UIT) Latham, New York, United States 2010[92] Geophysical services, specializing in providing three-dimensional representations of underground utilities Organized under Cat Advanced Systems Division
Caterpillar Xuzhou Ltd Xuzhou, China 2010[93] XCMG Group Construction equipment Joint venture since 1995, will become wholly owned subsidiary Caterpillar Xuzhou
CleanAIR Systems, Inc. Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States 2010[94] Customized stationary aftertreatment solutions for internal combustion engines Wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. organized under Customer Services Support Division
MWM Holding GmbH Mannheim, Germany 2010[95][96] 3i Group Plc Gas and diesel powered generator sets will become part of Caterpillar's Electric Power division (formerly Deutz Power Systems division of Deutz-Fahr)
Bucyrus International, Inc. South Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 2011[97][98] Surface and underground mining equipment Transaction closed without issuing new equity on July 8, 2011, in firm's largest acquisition ever, valued at $8.8 billion.
Pyroban Group Ltd Shoreham, UK 2011[95][99] Fire and explosion prevention solutions for engines and equipment
Berg Propulsion Hönö, Gothenburg, Sweden 2013[100] Controllable-pitch propellers for the marine industry
Marble Robot, Inc. San Francisco, California, USA 2020[101] Robotics, machinery for groceries, prescriptions, and package delivery

Divestitures edit

Caterpillar occasionally divests assets that do not align with its core competencies.

Sortable table
Asset Divested Location Date Purchaser Products Notes
Turbomach Division of Solar Turbines Incorporated San Diego, California, United States 1985[102] Sunstrand Corporation Auxiliary power units Caterpillar's only aerospace asset, not a core competency, sold to longtime partner
Kato Engineering Mankato, Minnesota, United States 1999[103] Emerson Electric Company Large electrical generators Asset swap. Caterpillar acquired F.G. Wilson from Emerson as part of transaction.
Agricultural equipment assets DeKalb, Illinois, United States 2002[104] AGCO Corporation Design, assembly and marketing of Challenger track tractors Although founded as an agricultural equipment manufacturer, Caterpillar exited the business with this sale.
Preferred Group of Mutual Funds not applicable 2006[105] T. Rowe Price Group Inc. Mutual funds Caterpillar Investment Management Ltd. decided to exit the investment management business.
Pioneer Machinery West Columbia, South Carolina, United States 2007[106] Consortium of six Caterpillar dealers Distributor of forestry equipment
ASV, Inc. Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States 2008[107] Terex Minnesota, Inc. Rubber track machines Caterpillar formerly held 23.5% of ASV outstanding shares before supporting the purchase by Terex
Caterpillar Logistics Services Morton, IL, United States 2012[108][109] Platinum Equity, LLC Logistics Services & Warehousing Solutions Caterpillar retains a 35% equity stake. Business renamed Neovia Logistics Services LLC
Historical financial data in billions of US dollars[110][111][112][113][114][115]
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Revenue 20.51 20.19 22.81 30.31 36.34 41.52 44.96 51.32 32.37 42.59 60.14 65.88 55.66 55.18 47.01 38.54 45.46 54.72 53.80 41.75 50.97 59.43
Net Income 0.805 0.798 1.099 2.035 2.854 3.537 3.541 3.557 0.895 2.700 4.928 5.397 6.556 2.452 2.512 −0.067 0.743 6.147 6.093 2.998 6.489 6.705
Total Assets 30.49 32.71 36.71 43.10 47.07 51.45 56.13 67.78 60.04 64.02 81.22 88.83 84.76 84.50 78.34 74.70 76.96 78.51 78.45 78.32 82.79 81.94
Employees (thousands) 70.68 70.97 67.83 73.03 81.67 90.16 97.44 106.5 99.36 98.50 113.6 127.8 122.5 115.6 110.8 99.5 98.4 104.9 102.3 97.3 107.7 109.1

Business lines edit

Through fiscal year 2010, Caterpillar divided its products, services, and technologies into three principal lines of business: machinery, engines, and financial products for sale to private and governmental entities.[3] As of 2022, Caterpillar reports its financials using four business segments: construction industries, resource industries, energy & transportation, and financial products.[116]

Machinery edit

See also: List of Caterpillar Inc. machines
 
Caterpillar 906H2 wheel loader

Caterpillar has a list of some 400 products for purchase through its dealer network. Caterpillar's line of machines range from tracked tractors to hydraulic excavators, backhoe loaders, motor graders, off-highway trucks, wheel loaders, agricultural tractors, and locomotives. Caterpillar machinery is used in the construction, road-building, mining, forestry, energy, transportation, and material-handling industries.

Caterpillar is the world's largest manufacturer of wheel loaders. The small size wheel loaders (SWL) are designed and manufactured at facilities in Clayton, North Carolina. The medium size (MWL) and large size (LWL) are designed at their Aurora, Illinois facility. Medium wheel loaders are manufactured at: Aurora, Illinois; Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;[117] India; and the People's Republic of China. Large wheel loaders are manufactured exclusively in the United States on three separate assembly lines at Aurora, Illinois.

On-road trucks edit

Caterpillar began selling a line of on-road trucks in 2011, the Cat CT660, a Class 8 vocational truck.[118] As of March 2016, Caterpillar has ceased production of on-highway vocational trucks stating that “Remaining a viable competitor in this market would require significant additional investment to develop and launch a complete portfolio of trucks, and upon an updated review, we determined there was not a sufficient market opportunity to justify the investment,” said Ramin Younessi, vice president with responsibility for Caterpillar's Industrial Power Systems Division. “We have not yet started truck production in Victoria, and this decision allows us to exit this business before the transition occurs.”[119]

Engines and gas turbines edit

 
Twin Caterpillar 3208T engines powering the Clogher Head lifeboat (Ireland)

A portion of Caterpillar's business is in the manufacturing of diesel and natural gas engines and gas turbines which, in addition to their use in the company's own vehicles, are used as the prime movers in locomotives, semi trucks, marine vessels, and ships, as well as providing the power source for peak-load power plants and emergency generators.

Caterpillar 3116 engine was used up until 1997, when Caterpillar introduced the inline 6 cylinder 7.2 litre Caterpillar 3126 engine as its first electronic diesel engine for light trucks and buses.[120] Caterpillar decreased emissions and noise the next year in the 3126B version of the engine, and improved emissions further in 2002 with the 3126E which had an improved high-pressure oil pump and improved electronics.[120] In 2003 Caterpillar started selling a new version of this engine called the C-7 to meet increased United States emission standards that came into effect in 2004; it had the same overall design as the 3126 version, but with improved fuel injectors and electronics which included its new Advanced Combustion Emissions Reduction Technology (ACERT) system.[120] In 2007, as ultra-low-sulfur diesel became required in North America, Caterpillar updated the C7 to use common rail fuel injectors and improved ACERT electronics.[120][121]

In 1998 Caterpillar purchased Perkins Engines of Peterborough, England, a maker of small diesel and gasoline engines. Perkins engines are used in various applications. Perkins engine products are dual branded with the Perkins nameplate for both loose and OEM engines, and the CAT nameplate for captive engines within Caterpillar products.

In June 2008, Caterpillar announced it would be exiting the on-highway diesel engine market in the United States before updated 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission standards took effect,[122] as costly changes to the engines, which only constituted a small percentage of Caterpillar's total engine sales, would be likely.[123]

In October 2010, Caterpillar announced it would buy German engine-manufacturer MWM GmbH from 3i for $810 million.[96]

Caterpillar Defense Products edit

 
Caterpillar Paver at naval aircraft taxiway in Jacksonville, Florida
 
IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer

The Caterpillar Defence Products[124] subsidiary, headquartered in Shrewsbury, United Kingdom, provides diesel engines, automatic transmissions, and other parts for the UK's Titan armored bridge layer, Trojan combat engineering tank, Terrier combat engineering vehicles, and tank transporters; the Romanian MLI-84 armored personnel carrier; and the Swiss Piranha III light armored vehicle, which is currently being developed for use by American light armored formations; large fleets of military trucks in both the U.S. and UK; and the CV90 family of infantry fighting vehicles used by the armies of Sweden, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Denmark.

This division also provides both propulsion engines and power generation systems to the naval shipbuilding industry, such as the Series 3512B turbocharged V-12 diesel engine for American Virginia-class nuclear submarines. Caterpillar diesel engines are also used in San Antonio-class amphibious transport docks, Spanish Álvaro de Bazán-class frigates, British River-class offshore patrol vessels, Mexican Sierra-class patrol boats,[125] and Malaysian Kedah-class MEKO A-100 offshore patrol vessels.[126] The poor network security of the Caterpillar engines put the United States' submarine force at risk for cyberattack.[127] In a 2015 interview on cybersecurity, the United States Navy clarified that Caterpillar actually has some of the most secure control systems. It will be used as a model of how the Navy will design cyber protections into its control systems.[128]

The Israel Defense Forces' use of highly modified Caterpillar D9 bulldozers has led to Caterpillar being criticized by anti-Israel activists and some shareholders.[129][130] In particular, the IDF Caterpillar D9 was involved in an incident in 2003, in which the American activist Rachel Corrie was killed by a bulldozer. A lawsuit against Caterpillar by her family and families of Palestinians, who were also killed by Caterpillar equipment, was unsuccessful.[131][132] A lawsuit against Israel and Israeli Defense Ministry was rejected by the court, ruling that her death was an accident, caused by restricted field of view from the heavily armored operators' cabin.[133] In 2014 Presbyterian Church (USA) sold its shares in Caterpillar citing the use of Caterpillar bulldozers involved in demolition and surveillance activities in the West Bank.[134][135]

Caterpillar Electronics edit

The Caterpillar Electronics business unit has formed Caterpillar Trimble Control Technologies LLC (CTCT), a 50:50 joint venture with Trimble Inc. CTCT develops positioning and control products for earthmoving and paving machines in the construction and mining industries, using technologies such as GNSS, optical total stations, lasers, and sonics. The products are used in a range of applications where the operator of the machine benefits from having accurate horizontal and vertical guidance. CTCT is based in Dayton, Ohio, and started its operations on April 1, 2002.

Agriculture products edit

Caterpillar introduced the Challenger range of agricultural tractors as the result of several development programs over a long period of time. The program started in the 1970s and involved both the D6-based units and the Grader power units. A parallel program was also developing wheeled high hp tractors based on using the articulated loading shovel chassis was later merged with the crawler team. The result was the Challenger Tractor and the "Mobi-Trac" system.

The Challenger has been marketed in Europe as Claas machines since 1997, with Caterpillar marketing the Claas-built Lexion combine range in the USA. Claas and Caterpillar formed a joint venture, Claas Omaha, to build combine harvesters in Omaha, Nebraska, USA under the CAT brand. In 2002, Cat sold its stake to Claas, and licensed the use of CAT and the CAT yellow livery to Claas. They are marketed as Lexion combines now.

Also in 2002, Caterpillar sold the Challenger tracked tractor business to AGCO and licensed the use of the Challenger and CAT names and livery to them. This ended Cat's venture into agriculture.

Financial products and brand licensing edit

 
Caterpillar-branded work boots manufactured by Wolverine World Wide

Caterpillar provides financing and insurance services to customers via Cat Financial and Caterpillar Insurance Services, both of which are subsidiaries of Caterpillar, Inc. Cat Financial provides retail and wholesale financing for Caterpillar products and services, in addition to other equipment provided or facilitated by the company. The company also generates income through the licensing of the Caterpillar and CAT trademarks and logos.[136][137]

Caterpillar sells the right to manufacture, market, and sell products bearing the Cat trademark to licensees worldwide. Wolverine World Wide is one example, a licensee since 1994 and currently the sole company licensed to produce Cat branded footwear.[138] Other licensees sell items including scale models of Cat products, clothing, hats, luggage, watches, flashlights, shovels, knives, fans, gloves, smartphones,[139] and other consumer products.[140][141]

Operations edit

Manufacturing edit

 
Cat 365B demolition machine in action

Caterpillar products and components are manufactured in 110 facilities worldwide. 51 of the 110 plants are located in the United States and 59 of the 110 overseas plants are located in Australia (until 2015), Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and Sweden.

Caterpillar's historical manufacturing home is in Peoria, Illinois, which also has been the location of Caterpillar's world headquarters and core research and development activities. Although Caterpillar has contracted much of its local parts production and warehousing to third parties, Caterpillar still has four major plants in the Peoria area: the Mapleton Foundry, where diesel engine blocks and other large parts are cast; the East Peoria factory, which has assembled Caterpillar tractors for over 70 years; the Mossville engine plant, built after World War II; and the Morton parts facility.

Remanufacturing edit

Major facilities in Latin America:

Distribution edit

 
Caterpillar D350D articulated off-road truck

Caterpillar products are distributed to end-users in nearly 200 countries through Caterpillar's worldwide network of 220 dealers. Caterpillar's dealers are independently owned and operated businesses with exclusive geographical territories. Dealers provide sales, maintenance and repair services, rental equipment, and parts[143] distribution. Finning, a dealer based in Vancouver, Canada, is Caterpillar's largest global distributor.[144] Gmmco Ltd is India's No. 1 Dealer for Caterpillar Machines.[145] United Tractor & Equipment (Pvt) Limited also known as UTE is the sole authorized dealer of Caterpillar machines and heavy equipment in Sri Lanka.[146]

Most dealers use a management system called DBS for their day-to-day operations.

As of the first quarter of 2006, 66% of Caterpillar's sales are made by one of the 63 dealers in the United States, with the remaining 34% sold by one of Caterpillar's 157 overseas dealers.[citation needed]

Management edit

Caterpillar has a corporate governance structure where the chairman of the board also acts as chief executive officer (CEO). The board of directors is fully independent and is made up of non-employee directors selected from outside the company. Several group presidents report to the CEO, and multiple vice presidents report to each group president.

The board has three committees: audit; compensation and human resources; governance and public policy.[147]

The behavior of all employees is governed by a code of worldwide business conduct, first published in 1974 and last amended in 2005, which sets the corporate standard for honesty and ethical behavior. Management employees are retested on this code annually.

Current board of directors edit

As of October 2023, the board of directors was composed as follows:[148]

On January 1, 2017, Jim Umpleby succeeded Douglas R. Oberhelman as CEO and Dave Calhoun became non-executive chairman.[150] On December 12, 2018, Umpleby was named chairman of the board as well, reversing Caterpillar's previous decision to split the CEO and chairman position.[151]

Workforce and labor relations edit

As of December 31, 2009, Caterpillar employed 93,813 persons of whom 50,562 are located outside the United States. Current employment figures represent a decline of 17,900 employees compared the third quarter of 2008.[7] Due to the restructuring of business operations which began in the 1990s, there are 20,000 fewer union jobs in the Peoria, Illinois area while employment outside the U.S. has increased.[citation needed]

In 2020, it was reported that Caterpillar was planning to cut 700 jobs at its Northern Ireland operations.[152]

Labor practices edit

Caterpillar came close to bankruptcy in the early 1980s, at one point losing almost US$1 million per day due to a sharp downturn in product demand as competition with Japanese rival Komatsu increased. (At the time, Komatsu used the internal slogan "encircle Caterpillar".)[153] Caterpillar suffered further when the United States declared an embargo against the Soviet Union after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, causing the company to be unable to sell US$400 million worth of pipelaying machinery that had already been built.[154]

Due to the drastic drop in demand, Caterpillar initiated employee layoffs, which led to strikes, primarily by the members of the United Auto Workers, against Caterpillar facilities in Illinois and Pennsylvania. Several news reports at the time indicated that products were piling up so high in facilities that replacement workers could barely make their way to their work stations.

In 1992, the United Auto Workers conducted a five-month strike against Caterpillar. In response, Caterpillar threatened to replace Caterpillar's entire unionized work force. Over ten thousand UAW members struck again in 1994–1995 for 17 months, a record at that time. The strike ended with the UAW deciding to return to work without a contract despite record revenues and profits by Caterpillar.[155] In 1994, Caterpillar offered a contract to the UAW members that would have raised the salary of top workers from $35,000 to $39,000 per year. However, the UAW was seeking the same top wage of $40,000 that was paid to workers at John Deere & Company in 1994.[156]

During the strikes, Caterpillar used management employees in an attempt to maintain production. It suspended research and development work, sending thousands of engineers and other non-bargained for employees into their manufacturing and assembly facilities to replace striking or locked out union members.

Rather than continuing to fight the United Auto Workers, Caterpillar chose to make itself less vulnerable to the traditional bargaining tactics of organized labor. One way was by outsourcing much of their parts production and warehouse work to outside firms. In another move, according to UAW officials and industry analysts, Caterpillar began to execute a "southern strategy".[157] This involved opening new, smaller plants, termed "focus facilities", in right-to-work states. Caterpillar opened these new facilities in Clayton and Sanford, North Carolina; Greenville, South Carolina; Corinth, Mississippi; Dyersburg, Tennessee; Griffin and LaGrange, Georgia; Seguin, Texas; and North Little Rock, Arkansas.

In 2012, the company locked out workers at a locomotive plant in London, Ontario, Canada and demanded some accept up to a 50% cut in pay, in order to become cost-competitive with comparable Caterpillar manufacturing facilities in the United States.[158] The move created controversy in Canada, with some complaining the plant was acquired under false pretenses.[159] Retail store Mark's Work Wearhouse began pulling Caterpillar boots from its shelves as a result.[160]

On May 1, 2012, 780 members of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Local Lodge 851 went on strike. An agreement was reached in August, resulting in a 6-year wage freeze. Striking workers expressed anger about the freeze given the company's record 2011 profits and CEO Oberhelman's 60% salary increase.[161]

Coerced labor in Xinjiang edit

In June 2020, it was reported that a Caterpillar clothing wholesaler, Summit Resource International, participates in a Chinese government-run labor transfer scheme that uses forced labor of Uyghurs in internment camps.[162]

Environmental record edit

Environmental stewardship edit

 
Cat D7E Electric Drive Dozer becomes the first electrically-driven dozer in the construction industry to use alternating current, 2009.[163]

Caterpillar divisions have won Illinois Governor's Pollution Prevention Awards every year since 1997.[164] Caterpillar was awarded the 2007 Illinois Governor's Pollution Prevention Award for three projects: The Hydraulics and Hydraulic Systems business unit in Joliet implemented a flame sprayed coating for its truck suspension system, replacing a chroming process, reducing hazardous waste by 700,000 pounds (320,000 kg) annually, and saving 14 million US gallons (53,000 m3) of water. Caterpillar's Cast Metals Organization in Mapleton worked with the American Foundry Society to help produce a rule to reduce hazardous waste in scrap metal that meet strict quality requirements, and also allow foundries to continue recycling certain types of scrap and maintain a competitive cost structure. Caterpillar's Mossville Engine Center formed a team to look at used oil reuse and recycle processes that forced MEC to send large amounts of used oil off-site for recycling, and developed an updated system for reclaiming it for reuse on-site. The resulting benefits included a usage reduction of about 208,000 US gallons (790 m3) of oil per year.[165]

In 2004 Caterpillar participated in initiatives such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign program, which encourages retrofitting fleets of older buses and trucks with newer diesel engines that meet higher emissions standards.[166][167]

In 2005, Caterpillar donated $12 million to The Nature Conservancy in a joint effort to protect and preserve river systems in Brazil, U.S.A., and China.[168]

Caterpillar has, for many years, been a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development based in Geneva, Switzerland[169] and has been listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index each year since 2001.[170]

Clean Air Act violation edit

In July 1999, Caterpillar and five other diesel engine manufacturers signed a consent decree with the Justice Department and the State of California, after governmental investigations revealed violations of the Clean Air Act. The violation involves over a million diesel engines sold with defeat devices, devices that regulated emissions during pre-sale tests, but that could be disabled in favor of better performance during subsequent highway driving. Consequently, these engines "...emit up to triple the permissible level of smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx). In 1998 alone, these violating vehicles emitted 1,300,000 short tons (1,161,000 long tons; 1,179,000 t) of additional NOx – an amount equal to the emissions of 65 million cars." For this reason, Caterpillar was named the "Clean Air Villain of the Month" for August 2000 by the Clean Air Trust.[171] The consent decree provided that $83 million be paid in civil penalties and determined new deadlines for meeting emissions standards. Caterpillar, however, was successful in lobbying for an extension of deadlines they considered too severe. Even so, in October 2002, Caterpillar – the only diesel engine company (of those that signed decrees) to fail to meet the new emissions standards deadline – was forced to pay $128 million in per-engine non-conformance penalties.[172]

Carbon footprint edit

Caterpillar reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 1,521 Kt (-310 /-16.9% y-o-y).[173] Caterpillar plans to reduce emissions 30% by 2030 from a 2018 base year.[174]

Caterpillar's annual Total CO2e Emissions - Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020
2,154[175] 2,249[176] 1,831[177] 1,521[173]

Controversies edit

Tax deferral techniques edit

In March 2017, when US federal agents raided Caterpillar's headquarters in Peoria Ill., it was already evident that the company engaged in aggressive measures to control tax costs. Since April 2014, the company's tax policies have been investigated by a senate subcommittee headed by Senator Carl Levin. Those investigations uncovered significant changes in Caterpillar's offshore tax strategy, culminating in the creation of the new Swiss subsidiary Caterpillar SARL (CSARL) in Geneva. In 1999, former Caterpillar executive Daniel Schlicksup accused the company of funneling profits made on replacement parts into Switzerland, even though it had no warehouses or factories there. The Internal Revenue Service found the firm liable for a billion dollars of unpaid taxes for the years 2007 to 2009.[178]

At the same time, the architect of Caterpillar's fiscal strategy PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) came under scrutiny, because of PWC's conflict of interest in acting as Caterpillar's controller as well as being its global tax consultant.[179] The Senate uncovered documents from PWC saying the elaborate move was simply a way to evade American taxes. "We are going to have to do some dancing" one said. Another noted, "What the heck, we will all be retired when this comes up on audit."[178]

In January 2023, Caterpillar reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service and was not ordered to pay any penalties.[180]

Israel Defense Forces sales edit

Further information: IDF Caterpillar D9 and Israeli demolition of Palestinian property

The sale of Caterpillar bulldozers to the Israeli military, and specifically the IDF Caterpillar D9, for use in the occupied Palestinian territories has long drawn criticism from human rights groups, society groups and responsible investment monitors.[181][182]

Amnesty International released a report in May 2004 on home demolition in the occupied Palestinian territories that noted the risk of complicity for Caterpillar in human rights violations.[183] The Office of the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights also sent a warning letter to the company the next month about its sales of bulldozers to the Israel Defense Forces and their use to destroy Palestinian farms.[181][184] Human Rights Watch reported the same year on the systematic use of D9 bulldozers in illegal demolitions throughout the occupied territories and called on Caterpillar to suspend its sales to Israel, citing the company's own code of conduct.[185]

The pro-Palestinian group Jewish Voice for Peace and four Roman Catholic orders of nuns planned to introduce a resolution at a Caterpillar shareholder meeting subsequent to the human rights reports asking for an investigation into whether Israel's use of the company's bulldozer to destroy Palestinian homes conformed with the company's code of business conduct. In response, the pro-Israel advocacy group StandWithUs urged its members to buy Caterpillar stock and to write letters of support to the company.[186]

The US investment indexer MSCI removed Caterpillar from three of its indexes for socially responsible investments in 2012, citing the Israeli military’s use of its bulldozers in the Palestinian territories.[182][187] In 2017, documents emerged that showed Caterpillar had hired private investigators to spy on the family of Rachel Corrie, the American human rights activist who was killed by a D9 bulldozer in Rafah in early 2003.[188] In 2022, Stop the Wall called Caterpillar, alongside Hyundai Heavy Industries, JCB and Volvo Group, complicit in Israel's ethnic cleansing of the occupied Palestinian territories through the use of its equipment in the demolition of eight Palestinian villages in Masafer Yatta in the southern West Bank.[189]

Trademark claims edit

Caterpillar Inc. has sought the revocations of registered trademarks in the United States incorporating the word "Cat" in markets unrelated to its machinery business, such as "Cat & Cloud" (a cafe in Santa Cruz, California), and Keyboard Cat. The company has faced criticism for this perceived "bullying", especially in cases where the likelihood of confusion is low.[190][191][192]

Defective engines edit

In 2014, Caterpillar paid $46M to settle claims that one of its engines caused a fiery explosion on a ship owned by Bender Shipbuilding and Repair Company Inc.[193] In 2016 Caterpillar paid $60M to settle claims that its bus engines were prone to breakdowns and fires.[194][195]

Advocacy, philanthropy and awards edit

Caterpillar is a member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition. A Washington D.C.-based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for increased funding of American diplomatic and development efforts abroad through the International Affairs Budget.[196] Economic development projects in developing countries (particularly in rural, agricultural regions) serve as new markets for Caterpillar products by improving political and economic stability and raising average incomes. 2011 recipient of the Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology from the National Building Museum.

See also edit

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Further reading edit

  • Orlemann, Eric C. Caterpillar Chronicle, The History of the World's Greatest Earthmovers. Minneapolis, MN: MBI Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7603-3673-1

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caterpillar Inc..
  • Official website
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    • Yahoo!
  • Cat Products Official Website
  • Antique Caterpillar Machinery Owners Club
  • Antique Caterpillar Machinery Enthusiasts
  • Caterpillar Tractor Company Photograph Collection at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School

November 16, 2023
caterpillar, other, uses, caterpillar, disambiguation, also, known, simply, american, construction, mining, other, engineering, equipment, manufacturer, company, world, largest, manufacturer, construction, equipment, 2018, caterpillar, ranked, number, fortune,. For other uses see Caterpillar disambiguation Caterpillar Inc also known simply as CAT is an American construction mining and other engineering equipment manufacturer 6 The company is the world s largest manufacturer of construction equipment 3 7 8 In 2018 Caterpillar was ranked number 73 on the Fortune 500 list 9 and number 265 on the Global Fortune 500 list 10 Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average 11 Caterpillar Inc Former headquarters in Peoria IllinoisTrade nameCAT Inc TypePublicTraded asNYSE CATDJIA componentS amp P 100 componentS amp P 500 componentIndustryHeavy equipmentEnginesFinancial servicesPredecessorC L Best Tractor CompanyHolt Manufacturing CompanyFoundedApril 15 1925 98 years ago 1925 04 15 in Wisconsin U S FounderC L Best Benjamin Holt 1 HeadquartersIrving Texas U S 2 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJim Umpleby chairman amp CEO ProductsProducts List D11 Bulldozer345C L Excavator930G Wheel Loader797F Haul TruckC13 Diesel EngineC32 Diesel Gasoline EngineC280 Diesel Gasoline EngineServicesServices List FinancingInsuranceMaintenanceTrainingRevenueUS 59 4 billion 2022 Operating incomeUS 7 90 billion 2022 Net incomeUS 6 71 billion 2022 Total assetsUS 81 9 billion 2022 Total equityUS 15 9 billion 2022 Number of employees109 100 2022 SubsidiariesSubsidiary List Caterpillar Financial ServicesCaterpillar Insurance HoldingsCaterpillar Logistics ServicesCaterpillar Marine Power SystemsFG WilsonPerkins EnginesProgress RailSolar TurbinesWebsitecaterpillar wbr comFootnotes references 3 4 5 Caterpillar Inc traces its origins to the 1925 merger of the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C L Best Tractor Company creating a new entity California based Caterpillar Tractor Company 12 In 1986 the company reorganized itself as a Delaware corporation under the current name Caterpillar Inc It announced in January 2017 that over the course of that year it would relocate its headquarters from Peoria Illinois to Deerfield Illinois scrapping plans from 2015 of building an 800 million new headquarters complex in downtown Peoria 13 14 Its headquarters are located in Irving Texas since 2022 15 16 The company also licenses and markets a line of clothing and workwear boots under its Cat Caterpillar name 17 18 Additionally the company licenses the Cat phone brand of toughened mobile phones and rugged smartphones since 2012 19 Caterpillar machinery and other company branded products are recognizable by their trademark Caterpillar Yellow livery and the CAT logo 20 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Headquarters locations 1 3 Use in World War I 1 4 Postwar challenges 1 5 Caterpillar company formed 1925 1 6 Expansion in developing markets 1 7 Acquisitions 1 8 Divestitures 2 Business lines 2 1 Machinery 2 2 On road trucks 2 3 Engines and gas turbines 2 4 Caterpillar Defense Products 2 5 Caterpillar Electronics 2 6 Agriculture products 2 7 Financial products and brand licensing 3 Operations 3 1 Manufacturing 3 2 Remanufacturing 3 3 Distribution 3 4 Management 3 5 Current board of directors 4 Workforce and labor relations 4 1 Labor practices 4 1 1 Coerced labor in Xinjiang 5 Environmental record 5 1 Environmental stewardship 5 2 Clean Air Act violation 5 3 Carbon footprint 6 Controversies 6 1 Tax deferral techniques 6 2 Israel Defense Forces sales 6 3 Trademark claims 6 4 Defective engines 7 Advocacy philanthropy and awards 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksHistory editMain article Holt Manufacturing Company Origins edit nbsp Benjamin Holt one of the founders of Holt Manufacturing Company nbsp The Holt 75 model gasoline powered Caterpillar tractor used early in World War I as an artillery tractor Later models were produced without the front tiller wheel c 1914 The company traces its roots to the steam tractor machines manufactured by the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1890 21 The steam tractors of the 1890s and early 1900s were extremely heavy sometimes weighing 1 000 pounds 450 kg per horsepower and often sank into the earth of the San Joaquin Valley Delta farmland surrounding Stockton California 22 Benjamin Holt attempted to fix the problem by increasing the size and width of the wheels up to 7 5 feet 2 3 m tall and 6 feet 1 8 m wide producing a tractor 46 feet 14 m wide but this also made the tractors increasingly complex expensive and difficult to maintain Another solution considered was to lay a temporary plank road ahead of the steam tractor but this was time consuming expensive and interfered with earthmoving Holt thought of wrapping the planks around the wheels 22 He replaced the wheels on a 40 horsepower 30 kW Holt steamer No 77 with a set of wooden tracks bolted to chains On Thanksgiving Day November 24 1904 he successfully tested the updated machine plowing the soggy delta land of Roberts Island 23 Contemporaneously Richard Hornsby amp Sons in Grantham Lincolnshire England developed a steel plate tracked vehicle which it patented in 1904 24 This tractor was the first to be steered using differential braking of the tracks eliminating the forward tiller and steering wheel Several tractors were made and sold to operate in the Yukon one example of which was in operation until 1927 and remnants of it still exist Hornsby found a limited market for their tractor so they sold their patent to Holt five years after its development 25 Company photographer Charles Clements looking at the machine s upside down image through his camera lens commented that the track rising and falling over the carrier rollers looked like a caterpillar 26 27 and Holt seized on the metaphor Caterpillar it is That s the name for it 23 Some sources though attribute this name to British soldiers who had witnessed trials of the Hornsby tractor in July 1907 Two years later Holt sold his first steam powered tractor crawlers for US 5 500 about US 128 000 today Each side featured a track frame measured 30 inches 760 mm high by 42 inches 1 100 mm wide and were 9 feet 2 7 m long The tracks were 3 inches 76 mm by 4 inches 100 mm redwood slats 23 Holt received the first patent for a practical continuous track for use with a tractor on December 7 1907 for his improved Traction Engine improvement in vehicles and especially of the traction engine class and included endless traveling platform supports upon which the engine is carried 28 Headquarters locations edit nbsp The Holt Caterpillar Co factory in East Peoria Illinois in 1910 Tractors were assembled in place before assembly lines were introduced Holt bought the plant from the bankrupt Colean Manufacturing Co in 1910 29 nbsp A postcard showing the Caterpillar Tractor Co plant in Peoria period 1930 1945On February 2 1910 27 Holt opened up a plant in East Peoria Illinois led by his nephew Pliny Holt There Pliny met farm implement dealer Murray Baker who knew of an empty factory that had been recently built to manufacture farm implements and steam traction engines Baker who later became the first executive vice president of what became Caterpillar Tractor Company wrote to Holt headquarters in Stockton and described the plant of the bankrupt Colean Manufacturing Co of East Peoria On October 25 1909 Pliny Holt purchased the factory 30 and immediately began operations with 12 employees 31 Holt incorporated it as the Holt Caterpillar Company although he did not trademark the name Caterpillar until August 2 1910 27 The addition of a plant in the Midwest despite the hefty capital needed to retool the plant proved so profitable that only two years later the company employed 625 people and was exporting tractors to Argentina Canada and Mexico 32 Tractors were built in both Stockton and East Peoria 33 34 On January 31 2017 the company announced plans to move their headquarters from Peoria to Deerfield Illinois by the end of 2017 35 The new location at 500 Lake Cook Road is the former site of a Fiatallis plant that manufactured wheel loaders for many years On June 14 2022 the company announced plans to move its global headquarters from Deerfield Illinois to Irving Texas beginning later in the year citing the best strategic interest of the company 36 Use in World War I edit The first tanks used in WWI were manufactured by William Foster amp Co also in Lincolnshire England and were introduced to the battlefield in 1916 That company had collaborated with Hornsby in the development of the vehicles demonstrated to the British military in 1907 providing the paraffin kerosene engines Holt s track type tractors played a support role in World War I Even before the U S formally entered WWI Holt had shipped 1 200 tractors to England France and Russia for agricultural purposes These governments however sent the tractors directly to the battlefront where the military put them to work hauling artillery and supplies 37 When World War I broke out the British War Office ordered a Holt tractor and put it through trials at Aldershot The War Office was suitably impressed and chose it as a gun tractor 38 Over the next four years the Holt tractor became a major artillery tractor mainly used to haul medium guns such as the 6 inch howitzer the 60 pounder and later the 9 2 inch howitzer 39 Holt tractors were also the inspiration for the development of the British tank which profoundly altered ground warfare tactics 23 40 Major Ernest Swinton sent to France as an army war correspondent very soon saw the potential of a track laying tractor 41 116 Although the British later chose an English firm to build its first tanks the Holt tractor became one of the most important military vehicles of all time 39 Postwar challenges edit Holt tractors had become well known during World War I Military contracts formed the major part of the company s production When the war ended Holt s planned expansion to meet the military s needs was abruptly terminated The heavy duty tractors needed by the military were unsuitable for farmers The company s situation worsened when artillery tractors were returned from Europe depressing prices for new equipment and Holt s unsold inventory of military tractors The company struggled with the transition from wartime boom to peacetime bust To keep the company afloat they borrowed heavily C L Best Gas Tractor Company formed by Clarence Leo Best in 1910 and Holt s primary competitor had during the war received government support enabling it to supply farmers with the smaller agricultural tractors they needed 42 43 As a result Best had gained a considerable market advantage over Holt by war s end Best also assumed considerable debt to allow it to continue expansion especially the production of its new Best Model 60 Tracklayer Both companies were adversely impacted by the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy which contributed to a nationwide depression further inhibiting sales On December 5 1920 71 year old Benjamin Holt died after a month long illness 43 44 Caterpillar company formed 1925 edit nbsp A 60 horsepower Caterpillar Sixty being used for road work in the Cibola National Forest New Mexico United States in 1931 nbsp A Caterpillar D2 introduced in 1938 at the Serpentine Vintage Tractor Museum Serpentine Western AustraliaThe banks and bankers who held the company s large debt forced the Holt board of directors to accept their candidate Thomas A Baxter to succeed Benjamin Holt Baxter initially cut the large tractors from the company s product line and introduced smaller models focused on the agricultural market When the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 funded a US 1 billion federal highway building program Baxter began refocusing the company towards building road construction equipment 30 66 Both companies also faced fierce competition from the Fordson company Between 1907 and 1918 Best and Holt had spent about US 1 5 million in legal fees fighting each other in a number of contractual trademark and patent infringement lawsuits 45 Harry H Fair of the bond brokerage house of Pierce Fair amp Company of San Francisco had helped to finance C L Best s debt and Holt shareholders approached him about their company s financial difficulty Fair recommended that the two companies should merge In April and May 1925 the financially stronger C L Best merged with the market leader Holt Caterpillar to form the Caterpillar Tractor Co 46 The new company was headquartered in San Leandro until 1930 when under the terms of the merger it was moved to Peoria 31 Baxter had been removed as CEO earlier in 1925 and Clarence Leo Best assumed the title of CEO and remained in that role until October 1951 42 The Caterpillar company consolidated its product lines offering only five track type tractors the 2 Ton 5 Ton and 10 Ton from the Holt Manufacturing Company s old product line and the Caterpillar 30 and Caterpillar 60 from the C L Best Tractor Co s former product line The 10 Ton and 5 Ton models were discontinued in 1926 In 1928 the 2 Ton was discontinued Sales the first year were US 13 million By 1929 sales climbed to US 52 8 million and Caterpillar continued to grow throughout the Great Depression of the 1930s Caterpillar adopted the diesel engine to replace gasoline engines During World War II Caterpillar products found fame with the Seabees construction battalions of the United States Navy which built airfields and other facilities in the Pacific Theater of Operations Caterpillar ranked 44th among United States corporations in the value of wartime military production contracts 47 During the postwar construction boom the company grew at a rapid pace and launched its first venture outside the U S in 1950 marking the beginning of Caterpillar s development into a multinational corporation In 2018 Caterpillar was in the process of restructuring closing a demonstration center in Panama and an engine manufacturing facility in Illinois 48 Expansion in developing markets edit nbsp Excavator displayed at the 2021 Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition in Changsha Hunan ChinaCaterpillar built its first Russian facility in the town of Tosno located near St Petersburg Russia It was completed in 16 months occupied in November 1999 and began fabricating machine components in 2000 49 It had the first electrical substation built in the Leningrad Oblast since the Communist government was dissolved on December 26 1991 The facility was built under harsh winter conditions where the temperature was below 25 C The facility construction was managed by the Lemminkainen Group in Helsinki Finland citation needed The 125M Caterpillar Suzhou People s Republic of China facility manufactures medium wheel loaders and motor graders primarily for the Asian market The first machine was scheduled for production in March 2009 URS Ausino in San Francisco California manages facility construction citation needed Caterpillar has manufactured in Brazil since 1960 50 In 2010 the company announced plans to further expand production of backhoe and small wheel loaders with a new factory 51 Caterpillar has been manufacturing machines engines and generator sets in India as well Caterpillar has three facilities in India which are in Tamil Nadu Thiruvallur and Hosur and Maharastra Aurangabad Acquisitions edit In addition to increasing sales of its core products much of Caterpillar s growth has been through acquisitions including Sortable table Company or asset acquired Location Date Acquired from Products NotesTrackson Milwaukee Wisconsin United States 1951 52 Traxcavators tracked loaders and pipelayers Traxcavator became a Cat brandTowmotor Corporation Mentor Ohio United States 1965 53 Forklifts In 1992 became Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklifts a joint venture 80 owned by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marketed under both the Towmotor and Caterpillar brands the Caterpillar brand changed to Cat Lift Trucks 54 Solar Division and Turbomach Division San Diego California United States 1981 55 International Harvester Company Industrial gas turbines Became Solar Turbines Incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc Balderson Inc Wamego Kansas United States 1990 56 Balderson Inc Work Tools for Construction and Mining Equipment e g buckets blades forks The name of Balderson Inc was changed to Caterpillar Work Tools Inc in 1998 and remains a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc Barber Greene Co Inc Minneapolis Minnesota United States 1991 57 Paving products Renamed Caterpillar Paving ProductsKrupp MaK Maschinenbau GmbH Kiel Germany 1997 58 59 Fried Krupp GmbH Marine diesel engines Renamed MaK Motoren GmbH a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc and will continue to use the MaK brand name Perkins Engines Peterborough United Kingdom 1998 60 LucasVarity Small diesel engines Produces both Cat and Perkins branded enginesKato Engineering Mankato Minnesota United States 1998 61 Rockwell Automation Inc Large electrical generatorsF G Wilson Larne Northern Ireland 1999 62 63 Emerson Electric Company Generators produces both Cat and Olympian branded generators Asset swap Emerson acquired Kato Engineering from Caterpillar as part of transaction Earthmoving Equipment Division Chennai India 2000 64 Hindustan Motors Ltd Construction equipment Renamed Caterpillar India and the service and maintenance are provided by Birla Group s GMMCO Ltd Caterpillar Elphinstone Burnie Australia 2000 65 Elphinstone Underground mining equipment Acquired 50 interest in joint venture from partner Elphinstone renamed Caterpillar Underground MiningSabre Engines Ltd Wimborne United Kingdom 2000 66 Sabre Group Ltd Marine diesel engines Renamed Caterpillar Marine Power UK produces both Cat and Perkins Sabre branded enginesBitelli SpA Minerbio Italy 2000 67 Asphalt pavers cold planers compactors and other road maintenance products Merged into Caterpillar Paving ProductsWealdstone Engineering Ltd Rushden United Kingdom 2004 68 Remanufacturer of gasoline and diesel engines Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing ServicesWilliams Technologies Inc Summerville South Carolina United States 2004 68 Delco Remy International Inc Remanufacturer of automatic transmissions torque converters and engines Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing ServicesTurbomach SA Riazzino Switzerland 2004 69 Babcock Borsig AG Packager of industrial gas turbines and related systemsProgress Rail Albertville Alabama United States 2006 70 71 One Equity Partners Supplier of railroad and transit system products and services owner of Electro Motive DieselHindustan PowerPlus Ltd Mathagondapalli Tamil Nadu India 2006 72 73 Hindustan Motors Engine components and heavy duty diesel engines Buyout of joint venture formed in 1988 renamed Caterpillar Power India Private Ltd merged into Caterpillar India in 2008Eurenov S A S Chaumont France 2007 74 75 Automotive component remanufacturing Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing ServicesForestry Division of Blount International Inc Portland Oregon United States 2007 74 76 Blount International Inc Timber harvesting and processing equipment loaders and attachmentsShandong Engineering Machinery SEM China 2008 77 Wheel loadersLovat Inc Toronto Ontario Canada 2008 78 Tunnel boring machines 2 April 2008 This acquisition is Caterpillar s entry into the rapidly expanding tunnel boring machine business and it represents an excellent strategic fit for our companies and the customers we serve around the world Stu Levenick Caterpillar group president 2 May 2013 We continuously evaluate our strategic portfolio to ensure alignment with our long term strategy and have concluded the tunneling business no longer fits that strategy Stu Levenick Caterpillar Tunneling Canada Corporation CTCC have notified employees that it will exit the business and cease production at its facilities by mid 2014 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd Sagami amp Akashi Japan 2008 78 79 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Construction equipment Joint venture since 1963 after purchase of majority renamed Caterpillar Japan Ltd MGE Equipamentos amp Servicos Ferroviarios Diadema Sao Paulo Brazil 2008 80 81 Railroad equipment remanufacturing Subsidiary of Progress RailGremada Industries Inc West Fargo North Dakota United States 2008 82 83 Gremada Industries Inc Remanufacturing transmissions torque converters and final drives Organized under Caterpillar Remanufacturing ServicesTwin City Signal Inc Hudson Wisconsin United States 2008 84 Signaling traffic control Division of Progress RailJCS Co Ltd Yangsan City Kyungnam South Korea 2009 85 86 Jinsung T E C Co Ltd Seal technologyGE Inspection Products Erie Pennsylvania United States 2010 87 GE Transportation Rail inspection products Division of Progress RailFCM Rail Ltd Fenton Michigan United States 2010 88 89 Rail maintenance equipment leasing Division of Progress RailZeit Comercio e Montagem de Equipamentos Ltda Curitiba Parana Brazil 2010 90 Automation and electrical equipment for locomotives and other industries Acquired by MGE a division of Progress RailElectro Motive Diesel La Grange Illinois United States 2010 91 Greenbriar Equity Group LLC Berkshire Partners LLC et al Railroad locomotives and large diesel engines Wholly owned subsidiary of Progress RailUnderground Imaging Technologies Inc UIT Latham New York United States 2010 92 Geophysical services specializing in providing three dimensional representations of underground utilities Organized under Cat Advanced Systems DivisionCaterpillar Xuzhou Ltd Xuzhou China 2010 93 XCMG Group Construction equipment Joint venture since 1995 will become wholly owned subsidiary Caterpillar XuzhouCleanAIR Systems Inc Santa Fe New Mexico United States 2010 94 Customized stationary aftertreatment solutions for internal combustion engines Wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc organized under Customer Services Support DivisionMWM Holding GmbH Mannheim Germany 2010 95 96 3i Group Plc Gas and diesel powered generator sets will become part of Caterpillar s Electric Power division formerly Deutz Power Systems division of Deutz Fahr Bucyrus International Inc South Milwaukee Wisconsin United States 2011 97 98 Surface and underground mining equipment Transaction closed without issuing new equity on July 8 2011 in firm s largest acquisition ever valued at 8 8 billion Pyroban Group Ltd Shoreham UK 2011 95 99 Fire and explosion prevention solutions for engines and equipmentBerg Propulsion Hono Gothenburg Sweden 2013 100 Controllable pitch propellers for the marine industryMarble Robot Inc San Francisco California USA 2020 101 Robotics machinery for groceries prescriptions and package deliveryDivestitures edit Caterpillar occasionally divests assets that do not align with its core competencies Sortable table Asset Divested Location Date Purchaser Products NotesTurbomach Division of Solar Turbines Incorporated San Diego California United States 1985 102 Sunstrand Corporation Auxiliary power units Caterpillar s only aerospace asset not a core competency sold to longtime partnerKato Engineering Mankato Minnesota United States 1999 103 Emerson Electric Company Large electrical generators Asset swap Caterpillar acquired F G Wilson from Emerson as part of transaction Agricultural equipment assets DeKalb Illinois United States 2002 104 AGCO Corporation Design assembly and marketing of Challenger track tractors Although founded as an agricultural equipment manufacturer Caterpillar exited the business with this sale Preferred Group of Mutual Funds not applicable 2006 105 T Rowe Price Group Inc Mutual funds Caterpillar Investment Management Ltd decided to exit the investment management business Pioneer Machinery West Columbia South Carolina United States 2007 106 Consortium of six Caterpillar dealers Distributor of forestry equipmentASV Inc Grand Rapids Minnesota United States 2008 107 Terex Minnesota Inc Rubber track machines Caterpillar formerly held 23 5 of ASV outstanding shares before supporting the purchase by TerexCaterpillar Logistics Services Morton IL United States 2012 108 109 Platinum Equity LLC Logistics Services amp Warehousing Solutions Caterpillar retains a 35 equity stake Business renamed Neovia Logistics Services LLCHistorical financial data in billions of US dollars 110 111 112 113 114 115 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Revenue 20 51 20 19 22 81 30 31 36 34 41 52 44 96 51 32 32 37 42 59 60 14 65 88 55 66 55 18 47 01 38 54 45 46 54 72 53 80 41 75 50 97 59 43Net Income 0 805 0 798 1 099 2 035 2 854 3 537 3 541 3 557 0 895 2 700 4 928 5 397 6 556 2 452 2 512 0 067 0 743 6 147 6 093 2 998 6 489 6 705Total Assets 30 49 32 71 36 71 43 10 47 07 51 45 56 13 67 78 60 04 64 02 81 22 88 83 84 76 84 50 78 34 74 70 76 96 78 51 78 45 78 32 82 79 81 94Employees thousands 70 68 70 97 67 83 73 03 81 67 90 16 97 44 106 5 99 36 98 50 113 6 127 8 122 5 115 6 110 8 99 5 98 4 104 9 102 3 97 3 107 7 109 1Business lines editThrough fiscal year 2010 Caterpillar divided its products services and technologies into three principal lines of business machinery engines and financial products for sale to private and governmental entities 3 As of 2022 Caterpillar reports its financials using four business segments construction industries resource industries energy amp transportation and financial products 116 Machinery edit See also List of Caterpillar Inc machines nbsp Caterpillar 906H2 wheel loaderCaterpillar has a list of some 400 products for purchase through its dealer network Caterpillar s line of machines range from tracked tractors to hydraulic excavators backhoe loaders motor graders off highway trucks wheel loaders agricultural tractors and locomotives Caterpillar machinery is used in the construction road building mining forestry energy transportation and material handling industries Caterpillar is the world s largest manufacturer of wheel loaders The small size wheel loaders SWL are designed and manufactured at facilities in Clayton North Carolina The medium size MWL and large size LWL are designed at their Aurora Illinois facility Medium wheel loaders are manufactured at Aurora Illinois Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan Piracicaba Sao Paulo Brazil 117 India and the People s Republic of China Large wheel loaders are manufactured exclusively in the United States on three separate assembly lines at Aurora Illinois On road trucks edit Caterpillar began selling a line of on road trucks in 2011 the Cat CT660 a Class 8 vocational truck 118 As of March 2016 Caterpillar has ceased production of on highway vocational trucks stating that Remaining a viable competitor in this market would require significant additional investment to develop and launch a complete portfolio of trucks and upon an updated review we determined there was not a sufficient market opportunity to justify the investment said Ramin Younessi vice president with responsibility for Caterpillar s Industrial Power Systems Division We have not yet started truck production in Victoria and this decision allows us to exit this business before the transition occurs 119 Engines and gas turbines edit nbsp Twin Caterpillar 3208T engines powering the Clogher Head lifeboat Ireland A portion of Caterpillar s business is in the manufacturing of diesel and natural gas engines and gas turbines which in addition to their use in the company s own vehicles are used as the prime movers in locomotives semi trucks marine vessels and ships as well as providing the power source for peak load power plants and emergency generators Caterpillar 3116 engine was used up until 1997 when Caterpillar introduced the inline 6 cylinder 7 2 litre Caterpillar 3126 engine as its first electronic diesel engine for light trucks and buses 120 Caterpillar decreased emissions and noise the next year in the 3126B version of the engine and improved emissions further in 2002 with the 3126E which had an improved high pressure oil pump and improved electronics 120 In 2003 Caterpillar started selling a new version of this engine called the C 7 to meet increased United States emission standards that came into effect in 2004 it had the same overall design as the 3126 version but with improved fuel injectors and electronics which included its new Advanced Combustion Emissions Reduction Technology ACERT system 120 In 2007 as ultra low sulfur diesel became required in North America Caterpillar updated the C7 to use common rail fuel injectors and improved ACERT electronics 120 121 In 1998 Caterpillar purchased Perkins Engines of Peterborough England a maker of small diesel and gasoline engines Perkins engines are used in various applications Perkins engine products are dual branded with the Perkins nameplate for both loose and OEM engines and the CAT nameplate for captive engines within Caterpillar products In June 2008 Caterpillar announced it would be exiting the on highway diesel engine market in the United States before updated 2010 U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA emission standards took effect 122 as costly changes to the engines which only constituted a small percentage of Caterpillar s total engine sales would be likely 123 In October 2010 Caterpillar announced it would buy German engine manufacturer MWM GmbH from 3i for 810 million 96 Caterpillar Defense Products edit nbsp Caterpillar Paver at naval aircraft taxiway in Jacksonville Florida nbsp IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozerThe Caterpillar Defence Products 124 subsidiary headquartered in Shrewsbury United Kingdom provides diesel engines automatic transmissions and other parts for the UK s Titan armored bridge layer Trojan combat engineering tank Terrier combat engineering vehicles and tank transporters the Romanian MLI 84 armored personnel carrier and the Swiss Piranha III light armored vehicle which is currently being developed for use by American light armored formations large fleets of military trucks in both the U S and UK and the CV90 family of infantry fighting vehicles used by the armies of Sweden Norway Finland Switzerland the Netherlands and Denmark This division also provides both propulsion engines and power generation systems to the naval shipbuilding industry such as the Series 3512B turbocharged V 12 diesel engine for American Virginia class nuclear submarines Caterpillar diesel engines are also used in San Antonio class amphibious transport docks Spanish Alvaro de Bazan class frigates British River class offshore patrol vessels Mexican Sierra class patrol boats 125 and Malaysian Kedah class MEKO A 100 offshore patrol vessels 126 The poor network security of the Caterpillar engines put the United States submarine force at risk for cyberattack 127 In a 2015 interview on cybersecurity the United States Navy clarified that Caterpillar actually has some of the most secure control systems It will be used as a model of how the Navy will design cyber protections into its control systems 128 The Israel Defense Forces use of highly modified Caterpillar D9 bulldozers has led to Caterpillar being criticized by anti Israel activists and some shareholders 129 130 In particular the IDF Caterpillar D9 was involved in an incident in 2003 in which the American activist Rachel Corrie was killed by a bulldozer A lawsuit against Caterpillar by her family and families of Palestinians who were also killed by Caterpillar equipment was unsuccessful 131 132 A lawsuit against Israel and Israeli Defense Ministry was rejected by the court ruling that her death was an accident caused by restricted field of view from the heavily armored operators cabin 133 In 2014 Presbyterian Church USA sold its shares in Caterpillar citing the use of Caterpillar bulldozers involved in demolition and surveillance activities in the West Bank 134 135 Caterpillar Electronics edit The Caterpillar Electronics business unit has formed Caterpillar Trimble Control Technologies LLC CTCT a 50 50 joint venture with Trimble Inc CTCT develops positioning and control products for earthmoving and paving machines in the construction and mining industries using technologies such as GNSS optical total stations lasers and sonics The products are used in a range of applications where the operator of the machine benefits from having accurate horizontal and vertical guidance CTCT is based in Dayton Ohio and started its operations on April 1 2002 Agriculture products edit Caterpillar introduced the Challenger range of agricultural tractors as the result of several development programs over a long period of time The program started in the 1970s and involved both the D6 based units and the Grader power units A parallel program was also developing wheeled high hp tractors based on using the articulated loading shovel chassis was later merged with the crawler team The result was the Challenger Tractor and the Mobi Trac system The Challenger has been marketed in Europe as Claas machines since 1997 with Caterpillar marketing the Claas built Lexion combine range in the USA Claas and Caterpillar formed a joint venture Claas Omaha to build combine harvesters in Omaha Nebraska USA under the CAT brand In 2002 Cat sold its stake to Claas and licensed the use of CAT and the CAT yellow livery to Claas They are marketed as Lexion combines now Also in 2002 Caterpillar sold the Challenger tracked tractor business to AGCO and licensed the use of the Challenger and CAT names and livery to them This ended Cat s venture into agriculture Financial products and brand licensing edit nbsp Caterpillar branded work boots manufactured by Wolverine World WideCaterpillar provides financing and insurance services to customers via Cat Financial and Caterpillar Insurance Services both of which are subsidiaries of Caterpillar Inc Cat Financial provides retail and wholesale financing for Caterpillar products and services in addition to other equipment provided or facilitated by the company The company also generates income through the licensing of the Caterpillar and CAT trademarks and logos 136 137 Caterpillar sells the right to manufacture market and sell products bearing the Cat trademark to licensees worldwide Wolverine World Wide is one example a licensee since 1994 and currently the sole company licensed to produce Cat branded footwear 138 Other licensees sell items including scale models of Cat products clothing hats luggage watches flashlights shovels knives fans gloves smartphones 139 and other consumer products 140 141 Operations editManufacturing edit nbsp Cat 365B demolition machine in actionCaterpillar products and components are manufactured in 110 facilities worldwide 51 of the 110 plants are located in the United States and 59 of the 110 overseas plants are located in Australia until 2015 Belgium Brazil Canada China Czech Republic England France Germany Hungary India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico the Netherlands Northern Ireland Poland Russia Singapore South Africa and Sweden Caterpillar s historical manufacturing home is in Peoria Illinois which also has been the location of Caterpillar s world headquarters and core research and development activities Although Caterpillar has contracted much of its local parts production and warehousing to third parties Caterpillar still has four major plants in the Peoria area the Mapleton Foundry where diesel engine blocks and other large parts are cast the East Peoria factory which has assembled Caterpillar tractors for over 70 years the Mossville engine plant built after World War II and the Morton parts facility Remanufacturing edit Major facilities in Latin America Mexico Oradel Industrial Center Nuevo Laredo Tamaulipas Mexico Since 1988 142 Distribution edit nbsp Caterpillar D350D articulated off road truckCaterpillar products are distributed to end users in nearly 200 countries through Caterpillar s worldwide network of 220 dealers Caterpillar s dealers are independently owned and operated businesses with exclusive geographical territories Dealers provide sales maintenance and repair services rental equipment and parts 143 distribution Finning a dealer based in Vancouver Canada is Caterpillar s largest global distributor 144 Gmmco Ltd is India s No 1 Dealer for Caterpillar Machines 145 United Tractor amp Equipment Pvt Limited also known as UTE is the sole authorized dealer of Caterpillar machines and heavy equipment in Sri Lanka 146 Most dealers use a management system called DBS for their day to day operations As of the first quarter of 2006 66 of Caterpillar s sales are made by one of the 63 dealers in the United States with the remaining 34 sold by one of Caterpillar s 157 overseas dealers citation needed Management edit Caterpillar has a corporate governance structure where the chairman of the board also acts as chief executive officer CEO The board of directors is fully independent and is made up of non employee directors selected from outside the company Several group presidents report to the CEO and multiple vice presidents report to each group president The board has three committees audit compensation and human resources governance and public policy 147 The behavior of all employees is governed by a code of worldwide business conduct first published in 1974 and last amended in 2005 which sets the corporate standard for honesty and ethical behavior Management employees are retested on this code annually Current board of directors edit As of October 2023 update the board of directors was composed as follows 148 D JAMES JIM UMPLEBY III 149 Daniel M Dickinson Gerald Johnson David W MacLennan Debra L Reed Klages Susan C Schwab Jim Umpleby chairman and CEO Rayford Wilkins Jr On January 1 2017 Jim Umpleby succeeded Douglas R Oberhelman as CEO and Dave Calhoun became non executive chairman 150 On December 12 2018 Umpleby was named chairman of the board as well reversing Caterpillar s previous decision to split the CEO and chairman position 151 Workforce and labor relations editAs of December 31 2009 Caterpillar employed 93 813 persons of whom 50 562 are located outside the United States Current employment figures represent a decline of 17 900 employees compared the third quarter of 2008 7 Due to the restructuring of business operations which began in the 1990s there are 20 000 fewer union jobs in the Peoria Illinois area while employment outside the U S has increased citation needed In 2020 it was reported that Caterpillar was planning to cut 700 jobs at its Northern Ireland operations 152 Labor practices edit Caterpillar came close to bankruptcy in the early 1980s at one point losing almost US 1 million per day due to a sharp downturn in product demand as competition with Japanese rival Komatsu increased At the time Komatsu used the internal slogan encircle Caterpillar 153 Caterpillar suffered further when the United States declared an embargo against the Soviet Union after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan causing the company to be unable to sell US 400 million worth of pipelaying machinery that had already been built 154 Due to the drastic drop in demand Caterpillar initiated employee layoffs which led to strikes primarily by the members of the United Auto Workers against Caterpillar facilities in Illinois and Pennsylvania Several news reports at the time indicated that products were piling up so high in facilities that replacement workers could barely make their way to their work stations In 1992 the United Auto Workers conducted a five month strike against Caterpillar In response Caterpillar threatened to replace Caterpillar s entire unionized work force Over ten thousand UAW members struck again in 1994 1995 for 17 months a record at that time The strike ended with the UAW deciding to return to work without a contract despite record revenues and profits by Caterpillar 155 In 1994 Caterpillar offered a contract to the UAW members that would have raised the salary of top workers from 35 000 to 39 000 per year However the UAW was seeking the same top wage of 40 000 that was paid to workers at John Deere amp Company in 1994 156 During the strikes Caterpillar used management employees in an attempt to maintain production It suspended research and development work sending thousands of engineers and other non bargained for employees into their manufacturing and assembly facilities to replace striking or locked out union members Rather than continuing to fight the United Auto Workers Caterpillar chose to make itself less vulnerable to the traditional bargaining tactics of organized labor One way was by outsourcing much of their parts production and warehouse work to outside firms In another move according to UAW officials and industry analysts Caterpillar began to execute a southern strategy 157 This involved opening new smaller plants termed focus facilities in right to work states Caterpillar opened these new facilities in Clayton and Sanford North Carolina Greenville South Carolina Corinth Mississippi Dyersburg Tennessee Griffin and LaGrange Georgia Seguin Texas and North Little Rock Arkansas In 2012 the company locked out workers at a locomotive plant in London Ontario Canada and demanded some accept up to a 50 cut in pay in order to become cost competitive with comparable Caterpillar manufacturing facilities in the United States 158 The move created controversy in Canada with some complaining the plant was acquired under false pretenses 159 Retail store Mark s Work Wearhouse began pulling Caterpillar boots from its shelves as a result 160 On May 1 2012 780 members of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Local Lodge 851 went on strike An agreement was reached in August resulting in a 6 year wage freeze Striking workers expressed anger about the freeze given the company s record 2011 profits and CEO Oberhelman s 60 salary increase 161 Coerced labor in Xinjiang edit In June 2020 it was reported that a Caterpillar clothing wholesaler Summit Resource International participates in a Chinese government run labor transfer scheme that uses forced labor of Uyghurs in internment camps 162 Environmental record editEnvironmental stewardship edit nbsp Cat D7E Electric Drive Dozer becomes the first electrically driven dozer in the construction industry to use alternating current 2009 163 Caterpillar divisions have won Illinois Governor s Pollution Prevention Awards every year since 1997 164 Caterpillar was awarded the 2007 Illinois Governor s Pollution Prevention Award for three projects The Hydraulics and Hydraulic Systems business unit in Joliet implemented a flame sprayed coating for its truck suspension system replacing a chroming process reducing hazardous waste by 700 000 pounds 320 000 kg annually and saving 14 million US gallons 53 000 m3 of water Caterpillar s Cast Metals Organization in Mapleton worked with the American Foundry Society to help produce a rule to reduce hazardous waste in scrap metal that meet strict quality requirements and also allow foundries to continue recycling certain types of scrap and maintain a competitive cost structure Caterpillar s Mossville Engine Center formed a team to look at used oil reuse and recycle processes that forced MEC to send large amounts of used oil off site for recycling and developed an updated system for reclaiming it for reuse on site The resulting benefits included a usage reduction of about 208 000 US gallons 790 m3 of oil per year 165 In 2004 Caterpillar participated in initiatives such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency s National Clean Diesel Campaign program which encourages retrofitting fleets of older buses and trucks with newer diesel engines that meet higher emissions standards 166 167 In 2005 Caterpillar donated 12 million to The Nature Conservancy in a joint effort to protect and preserve river systems in Brazil U S A and China 168 Caterpillar has for many years been a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development based in Geneva Switzerland 169 and has been listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index each year since 2001 170 Clean Air Act violation edit In July 1999 Caterpillar and five other diesel engine manufacturers signed a consent decree with the Justice Department and the State of California after governmental investigations revealed violations of the Clean Air Act The violation involves over a million diesel engines sold with defeat devices devices that regulated emissions during pre sale tests but that could be disabled in favor of better performance during subsequent highway driving Consequently these engines emit up to triple the permissible level of smog forming nitrogen oxides NOx In 1998 alone these violating vehicles emitted 1 300 000 short tons 1 161 000 long tons 1 179 000 t of additional NOx an amount equal to the emissions of 65 million cars For this reason Caterpillar was named the Clean Air Villain of the Month for August 2000 by the Clean Air Trust 171 The consent decree provided that 83 million be paid in civil penalties and determined new deadlines for meeting emissions standards Caterpillar however was successful in lobbying for an extension of deadlines they considered too severe Even so in October 2002 Caterpillar the only diesel engine company of those that signed decrees to fail to meet the new emissions standards deadline was forced to pay 128 million in per engine non conformance penalties 172 Carbon footprint edit Caterpillar reported Total CO2e emissions Direct Indirect for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 1 521 Kt 310 16 9 y o y 173 Caterpillar plans to reduce emissions 30 by 2030 from a 2018 base year 174 Caterpillar s annual Total CO2e Emissions Location Based Scope 1 Scope 2 in kilotonnes Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 20202 154 175 2 249 176 1 831 177 1 521 173 Controversies editTax deferral techniques edit In March 2017 when US federal agents raided Caterpillar s headquarters in Peoria Ill it was already evident that the company engaged in aggressive measures to control tax costs Since April 2014 the company s tax policies have been investigated by a senate subcommittee headed by Senator Carl Levin Those investigations uncovered significant changes in Caterpillar s offshore tax strategy culminating in the creation of the new Swiss subsidiary Caterpillar SARL CSARL in Geneva In 1999 former Caterpillar executive Daniel Schlicksup accused the company of funneling profits made on replacement parts into Switzerland even though it had no warehouses or factories there The Internal Revenue Service found the firm liable for a billion dollars of unpaid taxes for the years 2007 to 2009 178 At the same time the architect of Caterpillar s fiscal strategy PricewaterhouseCoopers PWC came under scrutiny because of PWC s conflict of interest in acting as Caterpillar s controller as well as being its global tax consultant 179 The Senate uncovered documents from PWC saying the elaborate move was simply a way to evade American taxes We are going to have to do some dancing one said Another noted What the heck we will all be retired when this comes up on audit 178 In January 2023 Caterpillar reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service and was not ordered to pay any penalties 180 Israel Defense Forces sales edit Further information IDF Caterpillar D9 and Israeli demolition of Palestinian property The sale of Caterpillar bulldozers to the Israeli military and specifically the IDF Caterpillar D9 for use in the occupied Palestinian territories has long drawn criticism from human rights groups society groups and responsible investment monitors 181 182 Amnesty International released a report in May 2004 on home demolition in the occupied Palestinian territories that noted the risk of complicity for Caterpillar in human rights violations 183 The Office of the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights also sent a warning letter to the company the next month about its sales of bulldozers to the Israel Defense Forces and their use to destroy Palestinian farms 181 184 Human Rights Watch reported the same year on the systematic use of D9 bulldozers in illegal demolitions throughout the occupied territories and called on Caterpillar to suspend its sales to Israel citing the company s own code of conduct 185 The pro Palestinian group Jewish Voice for Peace and four Roman Catholic orders of nuns planned to introduce a resolution at a Caterpillar shareholder meeting subsequent to the human rights reports asking for an investigation into whether Israel s use of the company s bulldozer to destroy Palestinian homes conformed with the company s code of business conduct In response the pro Israel advocacy group StandWithUs urged its members to buy Caterpillar stock and to write letters of support to the company 186 The US investment indexer MSCI removed Caterpillar from three of its indexes for socially responsible investments in 2012 citing the Israeli military s use of its bulldozers in the Palestinian territories 182 187 In 2017 documents emerged that showed Caterpillar had hired private investigators to spy on the family of Rachel Corrie the American human rights activist who was killed by a D9 bulldozer in Rafah in early 2003 188 In 2022 Stop the Wall called Caterpillar alongside Hyundai Heavy Industries JCB and Volvo Group complicit in Israel s ethnic cleansing of the occupied Palestinian territories through the use of its equipment in the demolition of eight Palestinian villages in Masafer Yatta in the southern West Bank 189 Trademark claims edit Caterpillar Inc has sought the revocations of registered trademarks in the United States incorporating the word Cat in markets unrelated to its machinery business such as Cat amp Cloud a cafe in Santa Cruz California and Keyboard Cat The company has faced criticism for this perceived bullying especially in cases where the likelihood of confusion is low 190 191 192 Defective engines edit In 2014 Caterpillar paid 46M to settle claims that one of its engines caused a fiery explosion on a ship owned by Bender Shipbuilding and Repair Company Inc 193 In 2016 Caterpillar paid 60M to settle claims that its bus engines were prone to breakdowns and fires 194 195 Advocacy philanthropy and awards editCaterpillar is a member of the U S Global Leadership Coalition A Washington D C based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for increased funding of American diplomatic and development efforts abroad through the International Affairs Budget 196 Economic development projects in developing countries particularly in rural agricultural regions serve as new markets for Caterpillar products by improving political and economic stability and raising average incomes 2011 recipient of the Henry C Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology from the National Building Museum See also edit nbsp Companies portalG numbers for U S Army Caterpillar tractors List of Caterpillar machines List of trucksReferences edit Copeland Mike October 27 2022 Holt Cat shows off Waco operations Waco Tribune Herald Retrieved February 10 2023 William K Holt founded the company in 1933 He was the son of Benjamin Holt who in 1904 developed the first successful track type tractor which he named the Caterpillar according to the company website Holt Manufacturing Co merged with a competitor in 1925 to form what is now Caterpillar Inc the global manufacturer of construction and mining equipment that reported 51 billion in sales and revenue last year Caterpillar United States Caterpillar July 23 2010 Retrieved 2022 02 23 a b c Caterpillar About Cat cat com Caterpillar Inc 2010 Archived from the original on March 11 2010 Retrieved 2010 03 11 We deliver products services and technologies in three principal lines of business Machinery Engines and Financial Products Haddock Keith Orlemann Eric November 11 2001 Paul Johnson ed Classic Caterpillar Crawlers St Paul Minnesota United States MBI Publishing Company pp 37 38 ISBN 978 0 7603 0917 9 Retrieved November 6 2010 Caterpillar Inc 2022 Annual Report Form 10 K U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 15 2023 pp 8 58 60 About Caterpillar Caterpillar August 15 2023 Retrieved August 15 2023 a b 2009 Form 10 K United States Securities and Exchange Commission February 19 2010 Archived from the original on November 8 2011 Retrieved 2010 03 23 As of December 31 2009 we employed 93 813 persons of whom 50 562 were located outside the United States Yang Jia Lynn May 4 2009 Fortune 500 2009 Top 100 American Companies Caterpillar CAT FORTUNE on CNNMoney com Cable News Network Inc Archived from the original on March 9 2010 Retrieved 2010 03 11 Rank 44 Caterpillar a 51 billion construction equipment company is relocating to North Texas WFAA June 14 2022 Retrieved February 10 2023 Caterpillar ranked 73rd on the Fortune 500 for 2022 Global 500 Caterpillar Rank 265 Fortune Retrieved February 10 2023 Dow Jones Averages Dow Jones Industrial Average Components djaverages com Dow Jones amp Company 2010 Archived from the original on January 22 2013 Retrieved March 11 2010 Ticker CAT Company Name Caterpillar Incorporated Caterpillar Tractor Co List of Deals Lehman Brothers Collection President and Fellows of Harvard College 2010 Archived from the original on June 29 2010 Retrieved 2010 11 06 In 1925 Holt and C W Best s company merged to form the Caterpillar Tractor Company Buedel Matt January 31 2017 Caterpillar moving headquarters CEO from Peoria to Chicago Peoria Journal Star Yerak Becky January 31 2017 Caterpillar will move headquarters to Chicago area citing transportation access The Chicago Tribune Retrieved July 17 2017 Deaux Joe June 14 2022 Caterpillar Leaves Illinois After Decades to Relocate to Texas Bloomberg News Bandell Brian October 20 2022 Crime rates spark relocations American City Business Journals Contact Us CAT Footwear Building the Brand One Step at a Time Cat Caterpillar www cat com Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Retrieved October 7 2020 About US Cat phones United Kingdom Archived from the original on September 23 2021 Retrieved September 23 2021 Caterpillar Legal Notices cat com Caterpillar Inc 2010 Archived from the original on August 1 2010 Retrieved March 11 2010 Caterpillar Yellow trade dress are trademarks of Caterpillar Caterpillar Inc Our History Retrieved September 23 2021 a b Esau Cameron 2020 Side Lake City A Memoir of a Mennonite Boy Coming of Age in a Sawmill Bush Camp in the 1950 s and 60 s Victoria BC FriesenPress p 117 ISBN 978 1 5255 7735 2 a b c d Pernie Gwenyth Laird March 3 2009 Benjamin Holt 1849 1920 The Father of the Caterpillar tractor Archived from the original on August 3 2012 Barnes William 1928 Excavating Machinery as Represented by Power Shovels Drag Lines amp Grabbing Cranes E Benn limited p 36 Senior Michael 2016 Victory on the Western Front The Development of the British Army 1914 1918 Barnsley UK Pen and Sword p 86 ISBN 978 1 78340 065 2 Bellis Mary History of Bulldozers About com Archived from the original on December 8 2012 Retrieved February 28 2010 a b c Caterpillar History Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved February 28 2010 Agricultural Machinery Business History of Machinery Manufacturers Archived from the original on October 17 2012 Gordon Paul February 15 2010 Cat hits 100 year milestone Journal Star Archived from the original on April 2 2012 Retrieved May 28 2011 a b Leffingwell Randy 1996 Classic Farm Tractors History of the Farm Tractor Crestline Imprints ISBN 978 0 7603 0246 0 a b Gordon Paul February 16 2010 Cat hits 100 year milestone Holt Caterpillar started operations in East Peoria in 1910 with 12 employees Peoria Illinois Journal Star Retrieved February 28 2010 Jay P Pederson ed 2004 Caterpillar Inc Roots in Late 19th Century Endeavors of Best and Holt International Directory of Company Histories Vol 63 Farmington Hills Michigan St James Press ISBN 1 55862 508 9 Orleman Eric C 2006 Caterpillar MBI Publishing Company pp 8 9 ISBN 978 0 7603 2553 7 Retrieved July 13 2009 Newly Incorporated January 13 1892 Marotti Lauren Zumbach Ally April 20 2017 Caterpillar bypasses Chicago picks Deerfield for global headquarters Chicago Tribune Retrieved August 21 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Caterpillar to Relocate Global Headquarters to Dallas Fort Worth Area Press release Caterpillar Inc June 14 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Caterpillar History Retrieved February 7 2011 Holt Caterpillar Archived from the original on December 4 2009 Retrieved February 27 2010 a b The Holt 15 ton Tractor Retrieved February 26 2011 HOLT CAT Texas Caterpillar Dealer Equipment Sales and Service 2007 Archived from the original on April 19 2007 Retrieved February 24 2010 Swinton Ernest 1972 Eyewitness Ayer Publishing ISBN 978 0 405 04594 3 a b Caterpillar On Highway Engines About Us gt History gt Growth ohe cat com Caterpillar Inc 2007 Archived from the original on August 4 2007 Retrieved February 24 2010 a b Caterpillar History Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved February 28 2010 Pacific Rural Press Vol 100 no 24 December 11 1920 Caterpillar History Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved February 28 2010 Best Tractor History Retrieved February 24 2010 Peck Merton J amp Scherer Frederic M The Weapons Acquisition Process An Economic Analysis 1962 Harvard Business School p 619 Caterpillar s latest restructuring move could cut 880 jobs Reuters March 16 2018 via www reuters com Robert Brooks November 6 2011 Caterpillar to Manufacture Off Highway Trucks in Russia Caterpillar in Brazil Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Announces Plans for New Manufacturing Facility in Brazil PDF Retrieved September 21 2014 CATERPILLAR BUYS TRACKSON COMPANY Tractor Concern to Operate 2 592 000 Acquisition as Wholly Owned Subsidiary The New York Times December 20 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 21 2020 Cat Lift Trucks About Cat Retrieved September 21 2014 TOWMOTOR CORP Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University December 14 2021 Solar Turbines About Solar Archived from the original on May 27 2011 Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Tractor Company Caterpillar Inc 1925 Historical Construction Equipment Association archives hcea net July 17 2013 Retrieved on 2013 07 17 Ehrlich Jennifer March 16 1997 Caterpillar to expand Brooklyn Park plant Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Dec 16 1996 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Acquisition The New York Times July 3 1996 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Dec 11 1997 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Inc 8 K For 2 2 99 Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Jun 4 1996 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Henry McDonald January 8 2009 FG Wilson engineering firm cuts 250 jobs The Guardian Retrieved November 12 2014 1 Archived December 5 2008 at the Wayback Machine Osenga Mike 2000 CNH Sells Tractor Operations Cat Buys The Rest Of Elphinstone Parker Buys Wynn s Manitowoc Consolidates Brief Article Diesel Progress North American Edition Archived from the original on January 7 2016 Caterpillar Completes Acquisition of Sabre Retrieved August 25 2016 Caterpillar Buys Italian Road Construction Firm Archived from the original on November 8 2011 Retrieved September 21 2014 a b Caterpillar Inc Form DEF 14A Filing Date Feb 24 2005 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Feb 24 2005 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date May 16 2006 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar buys privately held rail services firm for 1B Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Feb 23 2007 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar completes acquisition of joint venture operations in India Articles South Asian Connection Archived June 5 2009 at the Wayback Machine Indusbusinessjournal com Retrieved on March 17 2011 a b Caterpillar Inc Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Feb 22 2008 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Completes Acquisition of European Remanufacturing Company Eurenov S A Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Announces Acquisition of Blount s Forestry Division and Transition of Pioneer Machinery to Six Caterpillar Dealers Industry News Site Prep Archived from the original on March 10 2012 Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Mar 12 2008 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 a b Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Aug 1 2008 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Announce Reuters March 26 2008 Archived from the original on September 5 2009 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Feb 20 2009 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar CAT Acquires Stock of MGE Equipamentos amp Servicos StreetInsider com Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Oct 31 2008 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar to Expand Remanufacturing Business With Acquisition of Certain Gremada Reuters June 16 2008 Archived from the original on September 8 2009 On the right track Twin City Signal Railway Track and Structures Archived June 3 2012 at the Wayback Machine Rtands com August 28 2009 Retrieved on 2011 03 17 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date May 3 2010 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Announces Acquisition of JCS Co Ltd PDF Retrieved September 21 2014 Progress Rail Acquires GE Transportation s Inspection Products Business Progress Rail Services Progressrail com March 2 2010 Retrieved on 2011 03 17 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Jul 30 2010 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar unit buys FCM Rail Businessweek com Archived from the original on January 7 2016 Retrieved September 21 2014 Updates from Portec Rail MGE Eckert Seamans and ShipXpress Progressive Railroading Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Jun 1 2010 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Acquisition Positions Caterpillar to Deliver Subsurface Imaging and Mapping Services Archived July 11 2011 at the Wayback Machine Forconstructionpros com January 12 2011 Retrieved on 2011 03 17 China Business News Caterpillar to buyout Caterpillar Xuzhou Chinaknowledge com June 29 2010 Retrieved on 2011 03 17 Caterpillar Emissions Solutions Expands Capabilities Through Acquisition of CleanAIR Systems Archived from the original on March 10 2012 Retrieved September 21 2014 a b Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Nov 4 2011 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 a b Caterpillar buys 3i s engine maker MWM for 810 million Reuters October 22 2010 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Jul 8 2011 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Completes Acquisition of Bucyrus PDF Retrieved September 21 2014 Cat Products amp Services North America Caterpillar Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Unveils Cat Marine Propulsion Systems Successfully Completes Acquisition of Johan Walter Berg AB Archived from the original on October 24 2020 Retrieved June 24 2020 Caterpillar Acquires Company Focused on Robot and Autonomy Technology Archived from the original on October 25 2020 Retrieved June 24 2020 Ansley Mary Holm April 20 1985 Caterpillar To Sell Turbine Division To Sundstrand Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on August 7 2011 Retrieved November 22 2010 Sundstrand Corp plans to buy the Turbomach unit of Caterpillar Tractor Co for 100 million in cash plus royalties based on future sales Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Feb 4 1999 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Caterpillar Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Dec 17 2001 secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Kathie O Donnell T Rowe Price to acquire Caterpillar unit funds Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar buys Blount s local unit November 26 2007 Terex Corporation acquires ASV Banking amp Finance gt Financial Markets amp Investing from AllBusiness com Retrieved on March 17 2011 Caterpillar Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Nov 2 2012 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 20 2013 Platinum Equity News Caterpillar Completes Sale of Third Party Logistics Business to Platinum Equity Retrieved September 21 2014 Annual Report 2005 on SEC Filing Form 10 K Caterpillar Inc May 31 2006 Retrieved February 25 2017 Annual Report 2010 on SEC Filing Form 10 K Caterpillar Inc February 22 2011 Retrieved February 25 2017 Annual Report 2015 on SEC Filing Form 10 K Caterpillar Inc February 16 2016 Retrieved February 25 2017 Annual Report 2016 on SEC Filing Form 10 K Caterpillar Inc February 15 2017 Retrieved February 25 2017 Caterpillar Financial Statements 2005 2018 CAT www macrotrends net Retrieved October 30 2018 Annual Report 2022 on SEC Filing Form 10 K Caterpillar Inc February 15 2023 Retrieved July 20 2023 FORM 10 K PDF Report Caterpillar Inc February 1 2022 p 1 Retrieved February 10 2023 Currently we have five operating segments of which four are reportable segments and are described below Construction Industries Resource Industries Energy amp Transportation Financial Products Cat Produtos e Servicos America Latina Caterpillar Archived from the original on September 7 2015 Retrieved August 5 2015 On highway truck Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar Caterpillar to End Production of On Highway Vocational Trucks www caterpillar com a b c d McDonald Bob September 27 2012 Understanding and Profiting From the Caterpillar C7 Engine Builder Magazine Engine Builder Magazine Caterpillar demonstrates 2007 compliant on highway engine Pit amp Quarry Archived from the original on June 15 2006 Retrieved August 31 2007 Caterpillar exits on highway engine business Today s Trucking Retrieved October 13 2012 Hinton Christopher Caterpillar signs alliance deal with Navistar MarketWatch The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on May 9 2013 Retrieved October 13 2012 Caterpillar Defence Products Archived February 26 2012 at the Wayback Machine Caterpillar Defence Products Armed Forces The Defence Suppliers Directory R amp F Defence Publications Retrieved August 4 2007 MEKO A Class Corvettes Frigates Germany naval technology com Retrieved September 16 2008 The Kedah Class MEKO A 100 patrol vessel being built for Malaysia has a displacement of 1 650t The propulsion system is based on two Caterpillar 3616 5 450kW diesel engines each driving two controllable pitch propellers Majumdar Dave October 22 2014 NAVSEA Submarines Control Systems are at Risk for Cyber Attack usni org U S NAVAL INSTITUTE Retrieved October 22 2014 NAVSEA Chief Talks Risk Cyber and A New Era of Naval Shipbuilding USNI News Retrieved August 5 2015 Caterpillar digs in on Israeli bulldozer battle Archived from the original on October 29 2014 Retrieved September 21 2014 Caterpillar faces an intifada Archived from the original on June 6 2011 Retrieved September 21 2014 Gerstein Josh September 18 2007 Caterpillar Escapes Liability For Israeli Bulldozer Operations The New York Sun TWO SL LLC Archived from the original on June 25 2009 Retrieved September 19 2010 Tanner Adam September 17 2007 Court dismisses suit over Israeli bulldozing reuters com Thomson Reuters Archived from the original on July 19 2010 Retrieved 2010 09 19 The U S government paid for the bulldozers which were transferred to the Israel Defense Forces Court verdict א חי ALIENE CORRIE 371 05 ואח נ מדינת ישראל משרד הביטחון August 28 2012 Cooperman Alan September 29 2004 Israel Divestiture Spurs Clash The Washington Post Retrieved July 22 2008 Stoil Rebecca Shimoni June 21 2014 We cannot profit from the destruction of homes and lives Presbyterians say The Times of Israel Retrieved June 21 2014 ONESTOP REPORT Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation Report November 30 2022 p 3 Retrieved February 10 2023 Cat Financial is a wholly owned finance subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc and it provides retail and wholesale financing to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products as well as financing for vehicles power generation facilities and marine vessels that in most cases incorporate Caterpillar products Retail financing is primarily comprised of installment sale contracts and other equipment related loans working capital loans finance leases and operating leases Wholesale financing to Caterpillar dealers consists primarily of inventory and rental fleet financing A significant portion of Cat Financial s activity is conducted in North America with additional offices and subsidiaries in Latin America Asia Pacific Europe Africa and the Middle East ONESTOP REPORT Caterpillar Insurance Services Corporation Report November 30 2022 p 2 Retrieved February 10 2023 Agents primarily representing one or more insurance carriers or brokers not representing any particular carriers primarily engaged as independent contractors in the sale or placement of insurance contracts with carriers but not employees of the insurance carriers they represent This industry also includes independent organizations concerned with insurance services Donald Fites Former Caterpillar Inc CEO amp Chairman Joins WWW Board of Directors Business Wire The Free Library by Farlex February 24 1999 Archived from the original on October 27 2007 Retrieved 2010 09 20 I have been acquainted with Wolverine World Wide since 1994 when the company was licensed to manufacture and market Caterpillar footwear around the world Liszewski Andrew February 18 2016 Caterpillar s New S60 Is the First Smartphone With FLIR Thermal Imaging Built Right In Gizmodo Retrieved October 3 2016 History of the CAT brand Stylish watches for Active Men CAT Watches from Caterpillar catwatches co uk United Kingdom Time Network 2008 Archived from the original on July 12 2010 Retrieved 2010 09 20 In the late 90s Caterpillar Inc issued its first watch license welcome to CATWATCHES CO UK Buy Caterpillar Apparel Collectibles amp More shopcaterpillar com SureSource LLC 2010 Archived from the original on September 13 2010 Retrieved 2010 09 20 shopcaterpillar com is operated by SureSource LLC under license from Caterpillar Inc Semanario Redaccion El August 18 2018 Parque Industrial Oradel impulsa innovacion y crecimiento en Nuevo Laredo El Semanario Sin Limites in Spanish Retrieved July 11 2019 Caterpillar parts catalog AGA Parts Retrieved September 28 2020 Corporate Overview Archived from the original on September 26 2014 Retrieved September 21 2014 Narasimhan T E November 9 2014 Our vision is to be a leader wherever we do business Ed Rapp Business Standard India Retrieved March 23 2017 UTE Engineering wins Gold at Construct 2018 Awards Daily FT www ft lk Retrieved October 18 2021 Caterpillar Committees amp Charters www caterpillar com Retrieved December 14 2018 Board of Directors caterpillar com November 4 2022 https www caterpillar com en company governance officers html Caterpillar Chairman and CEO Doug Oberhelman Elects to Retire in 2017 Jim Umpleby Elected as Caterpillar s Next CEO Dave Calhoun to become Non Executive Chairman of the Board Caterpillar Inc October 17 2016 Retrieved January 6 2020 Hufford Austen December 13 2018 Caterpillar Puts CEO Back in Charge of Board The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on December 14 2018 Retrieved December 13 2018 Caterpillar Up to 700 jobs to go at Larne plant BBC News November 5 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Management Retrieved August 5 2015 USA Engage Home Archived from the original on October 3 2011 Caterpillar Inc Retrieved September 21 2014 Union Agrees To End Strike At Caterpillar The New York Times April 15 1992 Burns Matthew June 24 1996 Caterpillar rolls into Lee County Triangle Business Journal Raleigh North Carolina Archived from the original on June 29 2011 Retrieved 2011 03 08 Locating plants in non union states such as North Carolina is part of Caterpillar s effort to decrease the impact of organized labor on production according to union officials and analysts Caterpillar gives Ontario harsh lesson in union busting by shutting locomotive plant The Star Toronto February 5 2012 Olive David February 5 2012 Caterpillar likes to play hardball so let s play hardball The Star Toronto Mark s Work Wearhouse pulls Caterpillar boots to protest closure of London plant The Star Toronto February 5 2012 Greenhouse Steven August 17 2012 Caterpillar Workers Ratify Deal They Dislike The New York Times New York Allen Ebrahimian Bethany June 30 2020 Caterpillar sourced clothes from Xinjiang factory involved in coercive labor Axios Retrieved June 30 2020 Stewart Larry Caterpillar s D7E Electric Drive Redefines Dozer Productivity Construction Equipment Magazine Governor s Awards Previous Winners Illinois Sustainable Technology Center Champaign Illinois Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Archived from the original on May 13 2008 Retrieved March 21 2010 Illinois Department Of Natural Resources October 25 2007 Retrieved May 8 2008 Archived June 12 2008 at the Wayback Machine Cat backs plan to cut school bus emissions Trailer Body Builders Retrieved August 31 2007 dead link Diesel Engine School Bus Retrofit Technology Workshop Baltimore MD April 29 2004 Maryland Department of the Environment Archived from the original on December 25 2008 Retrieved August 31 2007 12 Million from Caterpillar Inc to The Nature Conservancy Launches Ambitious Global Freshwater River Project and Establishes a Great Rivers Center The Nature Conservancy Archived from the original on December 14 2006 Retrieved August 31 2007 WBCSD member companies World Business Council for Sustainable Development August 3 2007 Archived from the original on April 18 2003 Retrieved August 4 2007 Dow Jones Sustainability World Index Recognizes Caterpillar s Leadership for the Fifth Consecutive Year PRNewswire September 21 2005 Retrieved August 31 2007 Six Diesel Engine Companies Clean Air Villain of the Month Clean Air Trust August 1 2000 Retrieved August 5 2007 Justice Department Announces FY2003 Record Year For Recovery Of Civil Penalties In Environmental Cases United States Department of Justice December 16 2003 Retrieved August 5 2007 a b Caterpillar s Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 10 2021 Alt URL Caterpillar s Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 10 2021 Alt URL Caterpillar s Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 10 2021 Alt URL Caterpillar s Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 10 2021 Alt URL Caterpillar s Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 10 2021 Alt URL a b Reid T R April 4 2017 A Fine Mess 2603 Penguin Press a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Bushey C 2017 wbr Feds search Caterpillar HQ Crain s Chicago Business Retrieved 3 March 2017 Jacob Denny September 8 2022 Caterpillar Settles Tax Dispute With IRS Will Pay No Penalties The Wall Street Journal Retrieved February 10 2023 Caterpillar Inc said Thursday it reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service that resolves a yearslong tax dispute without any penalties The construction equipment maker said in a regulatory filing that the settlement included the resolution of the disputed tax treatment of profits earned from 2007 to 2016 by a subsidiary in Switzerland called Caterpillar SARL from sales of replacement parts a b The UN vs Caterpillar Haaretz June 16 2004 a b Caterpillar bulldozed off investment list because of sales to Israeli army The Times of Israel Israel and the Occupied Territories Under the rubble House demolition and destruction of land and property PDF Amnesty International US bulldozer firm in Mid East row BBC June 15 2004 Israel Caterpillar Should Suspend Bulldozer Sales Human Rights Watch Watanabe Teresa April 13 2005 Jews Target Caterpillar Shareholder Effort Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 5 2013 Caterpillar cut from social index over Israel Al Jazeera Report Caterpillar Hired Intelligence Firm to Spy on Rachel Corrie s Family Leaked Documents Reveal Haaretz NGO says Volvo Group JCB Machinery Caterpillar and Hyundai Heavy Industries are complicit in apartheid Israel Wafa Linville Kyla May 28 2019 Cat and Cloud Coffee in Santa Cruz facing trademark controversy against Caterpillar Inc KSBW com Hearst Television Retrieved June 21 2019 Weissman Cale Guthrie June 7 2019 Caterpillar Inc is trying to stop a tiny cafe from using the word cat Fast Company Retrieved June 21 2019 Geigner Timothy Caterpillar Now Going After All The Cats For Trademark Cancellations Techdirt Retrieved June 21 2019 Caterpillar pays 46 million to settle engine fire lawsuit Professional Mariner June 11 2014 Retrieved February 1 2022 Tita James R Hagerty and Bob June 12 2014 Caterpillar School Bus Engines Are Hit in Lawsuits The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved February 1 2022 Caterpillar to Pay 60 Million to Settle Engine Defect Claims Transport Topics June 29 2016 Retrieved February 1 2022 U S Global Leadership Coalition Global Trust members U S Global Leadership Coalition Retrieved September 21 2014 Further reading editOrlemann Eric C Caterpillar Chronicle The History of the World s Greatest Earthmovers Minneapolis MN MBI Publishing Company 2000 ISBN 978 0 7603 3673 1External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caterpillar Inc Official website Business data for Caterpillar GoogleSEC filingsYahoo Cat Products Official Website Antique Caterpillar Machinery Owners Club Antique Caterpillar Machinery Enthusiasts Photos of early Holt machinery Caterpillar Tractor Company Photograph Collection at Baker Library Historical Collections Harvard Business School Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Caterpillar Inc amp oldid 1185412394, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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