Carrefour

For other uses, see Carrefour (disambiguation).

Carrefour (French pronunciation: [kaʁfuʁ] (listen)) is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France. The eighth-largest retailer in the world by revenue, it operates a chain of hypermarkets, groceries stores and convenience stores, which as of December 2021, comprises its 13,894 stores in over 30 countries.^[3]

Carrefour

Type	Société anonyme
Traded as	Euronext Paris: CA CAC 40 Component
ISIN	FR0000120172
Industry	Retail Wholesaling
Founded	1 January 1958; 65 years ago (1958-01-01)
Founders	Marcel Fournier Denis Defforey Jacques Defforey
Headquarters	Massy, Essonne , France
Number of locations	13,894 stores (2021)^[1] France: 5,619 Italy: 1,489 Spain: 1,474 Poland 955 Belgium: 792 Argentina: 605 Brazil: 548 Romania: 365 Taiwan: 342 French territories and the Dominican Republic: 180 Other: 1,525 Retail network hypermarkets: 1,130 supermarkets: 3,574 convenience: 8,642 cash and carry: 440 soft discount: 108
Area served	Europe, Middle East, North Africa, East Africa, South Asia, East Asia, South America
Key people	Alexandre Bompard (Chairman & CEO) Matthieu Malige (CFO)
Services	Cash and carry, warehouse club, discount store, hypermarket, supercenter, superstore, supermarket
Revenue	€81.25 billion (2021)^[2]^[1] 35.28 billion (France) 21.28 billion (Europe) 13.89 billion (Latam) 2.49 billion (Taiwan)
Operating income	€2.27 billion (2021)^[2]^[1] 768 million (Latam) 757 million (France) 718 million (Europe) 78 million (Taiwan) -49 million (global functions)
Net income	€1.07 billion (2021)^[2]
Total assets	€47.67 billion (2021)^[2]
Total equity	€11.83 billion (2021)^[2]
Number of employees	319,565 (2021)^[1] 115,310 (Latam) 191,707 (Europe) 12,548 (Asia)
Website	www.carrefour.com

History

The first Carrefour shop (not a hypermarket) opened in 1960, within suburban Annecy, near a crossroads (hence the name, carrefour means crossroads in French). The group was created in 1958 by Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey,^[4] who attended and were influenced by several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail" Bernardo Trujillo.

The Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket, and a department store under the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, near Paris.^[5]

In April 1976, Carrefour launched a private label Produits libres (free products – libre meaning free in the sense of liberty as opposed to gratis) line of fifty foodstuffs, including oil, biscuits (crackers and cookies), milk, and pasta, sold in unbranded white packages at substantially lower prices.

In 1999, it merged with Promodès, better known through its retail banners Continent (hypermarkets) or Champion (supermarkets), one of its major competitors in the French market.

In September 2009, Carrefour updated its logo.^[6]

In May 2011, Carrefour reviewed its business situation under conditions of stagnant growth and increasing competition in France from rivals including Casino Guichard-Perrachon SA, and decided to invest €1.5  billion ($2.22  billion) to introduce the supermarket concept of Carrefour Planet in Western Europe.

In April 2015, Brazilian businessman Abílio Diniz revealed he was in talks to raise his 5.07 per cent stake in Carrefour and has the support of shareholders to take a board seat.^[7]

On 9 June 2017, the board of directors chose Alexandre Bompard as the new chairman and chief executive officer of Carrefour with effect as of 18 July 2017.^[8]

In 2017, Carrefour began working with a small French start-up, Expliceat, on a trial basis.^[9] Expliceat built a commercial mill that is designed to crumb down leftover bread. It rents the mill to commercial bakeries and then uses the crumb to bake cookies, muffins and pancakes.

In January 2018, Alexandre Bompard announced a strategic plan for the company, entitled "Carrefour 2022", that seeks to make Carrefour the "leader of the food transition for all". The plan includes measures for better food and package sustainability, limitation of food waste, development of organic products, e-commerce partnerships, and two billion euros in annual investments from 2018 as well as organisational and cost reduction measures.^[10][11]

In the exceptional context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Carrefour is the first retailer to join C'est qui le Patron ? initiative to share its additional incomes related to COVID-19 to support people who are suffering from the current situation. According to co-founder Nicolas Chabanne, 100,000 euros have been paid out, then 50,000 euros each week until 11 May.^[12]

Carrefour's Board of Directors has decided to reduce by 50% the dividend proposed for 2019. The dividend is now €0.23 per share (versus €0.46 per share).^[13]

Until the end of the year, Alexandre Bompard and all the members of Carrefour Group's board of directors have decided to waive 25% of their director's fees. These savings will be used to finance solidarity actions for the company's employees, both in France and abroad.^[14]

Alexandre Bompard has decided to waive 25% of his fixed salary for a period of two months. To express his gratitude to his personnel in the field, he has decided to offer an exceptional bonus of €1,000 net to 85,000 employees in France.^[14][15]

Financial data

Financial data in € billions^[16][17]

Year	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Net revenue	74.888	74.706	76.945	76.645	78.897	72.355	72.397	70.719	72.958
Net income	1.263	1.249	0.980	0.746	−0.531	−0.561	1.126	0.641	1.072
Assets	43.564	45.789	45.095	48.845	47.813	47.378	50.802	47.588	47.668
Employees	363,989	381,227	380,920	384,151	378,923	363,862^[a]	321,383	322,164	319,565

Domestic operations

 

The Carrefour supermarket at Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia

The headquarters of the Groupe Carrefour is in Massy in the Paris metropolitan area. This major location gathers since 2019 the former Carrefour head office of Boulogne-Billancourt and the Carrefour France division office of Courcouronnes, Essonne, France, near Évry. A secondary head office is located in Mondeville, near Caen (Normandy), which was until 1999 the former Promodès headquarters.

 

Carrefour City, Paris

In France, Carrefour operates under its name over 230 hypermarkets (from 2500 up to 23000 sq m sales area), 1020 Carrefour Market supermarkets (generally from 1000 up to 4000 sq m), and over 2000 smaller supermarkets and convenience stores under the Carrefour City, Carrefour Contact and Carrefour Express banners.

Carrefour also owns the Promocash Cash&Carry chain (130 locations) and supplies 1500 independent small food stores under the Proxi banner. It has recently acquired the organic food chains SoBio and Bio C'Bon to boost its presence in this promising segment.

In 2019, the group launched its first Supeco soft discount stores, which are so far all located in the French Northern region Hauts-de-France. The concept is still being assessed.

International operations

 

  Current Carrefour operations   Past Operations

Asia

Mainland China

 

78th store of Carrefour China at Zhongshan Park, Shanghai, opened 6 June 2005

In 2007, expansion accelerated outside France, particularly in Asia, with the building of 36 new hypermarkets, including 22 in China – where the Group broke its record for store openings in a one-year period. It was the leading foreign retailer in terms of sales figures, until 2008 and has since lost its No. 1 position to RT-Mart. A selection of Carrefour products are sold in Hong Kong via Wellcome and its sister Market Place by Jasons.

In 2019, Carrefour sold 80% equity of Carrefour China to local retail conglomerate Suning.com at €620 million.

Taiwan

In 1989, Carrefour became the first international retailer to establish a presence in Asia when it entered Taiwan through a joint venture with Uni President Enterprises Corporation. It leveraged the experience it gathered in Taiwan to expand into other Asian markets.

In 2020, Carrefour Taiwan announced they would acquire 199 Wellcome and 25 Jasons Market Place stores from Dairy Farm International.^{[18][19][20][21]}

In 2022, Carrefour announces it would have sold 60% equity of Carrefour Taiwan to Uni-President Enterprises Corporation.^[22]

Pakistan

In 2009, Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Lahore under the name of Hyperstar in a joint venture with Majid Al Futtaim Group, where it achieved 1 billion Pakistani rupees in revenues in its first year.^[23] It attracted more than 1 million customers every month. On 14 November 2011, Hyperstar opened its second hypermarket in the country in Karachi.^[23] On 22 March 2016, it expanded its operations to Islamabad by opening a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m²) hypermarket in World Trade Center Islamabad.^[24]

Since 20 December 2018, MAF has rebranded Hyperstar to Carrefour across Pakistan.^[25] It has plans to expand its stores to other cities including Gujranwala, Multan and Hyderabad.^[26] As of June 2019, the group had already invested PRs. 8 billion and was looking to invest another PRs. 40 billion in Pakistan.^[27] It is operating at least seven hypermarkets (three in Lahore, two in Karachi, one in Islamabad and one in Faisalabad's Lyallpur Galleria) and one superstore in Pakistan.^[27][28]

Armenia

Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Armenia at Yerevan Mall on 11 March 2015, occupying approximately 10000 square meters. As of March 2022, Carrefour operates a total of seven stores in Armenia, all located in the Yerevan area. Six of these stores are in the Carrefour Market format, in addition to the original hypermarket in Yerevan Mall.^[29]

Middle East

Majid Al Futtaim handled the Carrefour operations in the MENA region since 1995 as the company opened the region's first hypermarket at City Centre Deira, albeit it initially was a Continent-branded store before it converted to Carrefour four years later. As of 2020, Majid Al Futtaim operates over 320 Carrefour stores in 16 countries, serving more than 750,000 customers daily and employing over 37,000 colleagues.^[30]

Bahrain

Majid Al Futtaim opened Carrefour's first Bahrain store in the Bahrain City Centre in 2008.

Iran

In February 2009, MAF opened its first store in Iran, called HyperStar^[31] in the Western region of Tehran. It opened its second store in Iran in April 2012. This store is located in Persian Gulf Complex. It opened its third store in Isfahan located in Isfahan City Center in 2012. Three other stores are to be opened in the Eastern region of Tehran, Mashhad and Tabriz.

Iraq

Majid al Futtaim opened the first Carrefour in Erbil in 2011. Family Mall Carrefour Department store in Sulaymaniyah

Israel

In 2022, Carrefour announced that more than 150 branches will be opened in Israel. The Yeinot Bitan and Mega Ba'ir Israeli grocery chains will gradually be converted into Carrefour branches, with the first branches under the Carrefour brand opening near the end of 2022.^[32]

Jordan

Also operated by Majid al Futtaim, Carrefour is very popular in Jordan, with tens of locations dotting the capital and the suburbs; the largest and most frequented would be Carrefour: City Mall in the suburb of Dabuk.^[33] Another multi-story complex is about to open near the Sixth Circle. Carrefour Express are smaller-sized stores that operate inside smaller shopping areas, best known is Carrefour Express: Swéfiéh Avenue, inside the Avenue Mall in Swéfiéh.

Kuwait

In March 2007, Carrefour opened a store in Kuwait in the Avenues mall.

Lebanon

On 4 April 2013, Majid al Futtaim inaugurated a Carrefour hypermarket at their City Centre Beirut mall, in the Hazmiyeh suburb of Beirut. In September 2017, a second Carrefour outlet opened at the CityMall Dora, replacing a venue formerly held by a Monop' hypermarket.^[34] In June 2018, a third outlet opened at the Tower Center mall in Zouk Mosbeh.^[35] In February 2019, a fourth Carrefour, and the first supermarket format venue, opened within the Aley District. The fourth Carrefour is considered a major step for the company's expansion in Lebanon.^[36]

Oman

In Oman, Carrefour opened a store in 2001 on the outskirts of the city of Muscat. And in 2008, another branch opened in Qurum. In May 2011 Carrefour opened a store in Sohar. The fourth Carrefour opened in March 2012 at Muscat Grand Mall. The fifth branch opened in Salalah on 24 May 2013. Carrefour now (2021) operates 12 Hypermarkets and 3 Supermarkets in Oman.

Saudi Arabia

Carrefour has 18^[37] franchise operated hypermarkets in Saudi Arabia, with 7 of them being in the capital Riyadh itself.

Careforuce Promotions and offers all around the uae Brands For Less Dubai

Turkey

Carrefour also operates in Turkey in a joint venture with Sabancı Group under the name CarrefourSA.^[38]

United Arab Emirates

Carrefour operates in the United Arab Emirates under Majid al Futtaim.^[33] The country's first Carrefour hypermarket at City Centre Deira opened in 1995.

On 1 March 2022, Carrefour opened in City Centre Me’aisem in Dubai its first Bio store.^[39]

Europe (outside France)

Belgium

Carrefour started its internationalization in Belgium in 1969 through the formation of a strategic alliance with GB Group. Between 1970 and 2000 several formats were tried with multiple brands and names used by Carrefour GB. In 2000 the Carrefour Group took over GB and Carrefour Belgium was officially born. The company retained the GB brand for some outlets as late as 2007 when all Carrefour stores were united under the Carrefour name, operated as Carrefour and Carrefour Express GB. In May 2008, EcoPlanet Carrefour was launched selling gas and green energy throughout Belgium. In 2009 Carrefour Hyper, GB Carrefour, Carrefour Market and Carrefour Express outlets were established and online shopping was launched. In February 2010 Carrefour announced the elimination of 1,672 jobs and the closure of 21 stores and the possibility of the acquisition of 20 stores by the group Mestdagh, its main franchise partner in Belgium.

 

Bulgaria's largest Carrefour hypermarket within The Mall shopping center in Sofia, Bulgaria opened in early 2010

Italy

Carrefour's presence in Italy is mainly due to its merger with Promodès, which operated hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores. Carrefour is considered the 5th retailer in Italy, including lots of franchise stores.

Poland

Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Poland in 1997.^[40] Currently the group operates around 90 hypermarkets in this country, as well as Carrefour Market and Carrefour Express stores.

Romania

In 2001, Carrefour entered the Romanian market, expanded into 43 stores. It is one of the top retailers in Romania.^[41]

Spain

Spain is the 3rd most important international market for Carrefour after France and Brazil. Carrefour has 205 hypermarkets, 112 Carrefour Markets and more than 820 Carrefour Express in Spain as well as 143 petrol stations, 426 travel agencies and other smaller Carrefour retailers. There are as well more hypermarkets and supermarkets under construction or planned.^[42] The company operates in Spain under the name of Centros Comerciales Carrefour SA. As of 2019, Carrefour Spain is the 15th most important Spanish company by revenue.^[43] Its rivals in Spain are: Mercadona, Eroski, Alcampo and Bonpreu.

Greece

In 1999, Carrefour entered the Greek market, in collaboration with Marinopoulos S.A,^[44] Carrefour had stopped operating in Greece in 2017 due to its acquisition by the Sklavenitis group. The company reopened in the country in May 2022, and the reactivation of the Carrefour brand in the market will be done in collaboration with Retail & more S.A., a subsidiary of the Teleunicom group.^[45][46]

Albania

In November 2011, Carrefour opened its first store in Albania as part of TEG Shopping Center (Tirana East Gate) with the same rights as in the European Union and throughout the rest of Europe. Carrefour is integrated into the new shopping centre in the same format as in other countries extending into a space of about 7000 square meters. Carrefour will have a policy of supplying imported products while promoting Albanian products, particularly agro-industrial ones.

Georgia

Carrefour operates three hypermarkets and 53 Carrefour markets in Georgia. It opened its first hypermarket in Georgia at Tbilisi Mall on 13 September 2012, occupying approximately 12,000 sq m. The first market was opened at Karvasla Malon on 16 September 2013. In 2014, the second Carrefour market was opened at Shopping Mall GTC on Orbeliani Square. On 10 November 2015, Carrefour opened its second hypermarket at East Point shopping mall near Kakheti Highway at 2 Aleksandre Tvalchrelidze Street. Shortly after the opening, Carrefour opened its third market in the Isani district of Tbilisi at 8a Navtlughi Street. In 2016, Carrefour opened its fourth Market in City Mall Gldani at 1 Khizanishvili Street. The latest markets were opened in the Saburtalo, Vake, Gldani and Vazisubani neighbourhoods of Tbilisi and one – in Batumi.

Africa

Egypt

Carrefour (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [kɑɾˈfuːɾ]) has 44 outlets under franchise in Egypt, which are often situated in shopping malls and frequented by the Egyptian upper class. The location in Alexandria was severely looted during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Another 8 outlets or more are coming in 2012/2013. Opened Hyper Markets: (Maadi City Center, Dandy Mega Mall, Sun City Mall, Obour Golf City Mall, Alex City Center, Cairo Festival City, Sky Plaza (El-Shorouk City), Mall of Egypt). Opened Express Markets: (Maadi, Tiba Outlet Mall, Sharm-El-Sheik, Green Plaza Mall, Down Town Mall).

Kenya

Carrefour has 13 outlets mostly located in the suburbs of Kenya's capital city, Nairobi. The retailer's expansion into Kenya has benefited from the failure of previously-dominant supermarket chains such as Nakumatt and Uchumi as Carrefour rushed in to occupy the retail spaces and market share they vacated.^[47]

The retailer is the anchor client of The Hub Karen Mall where it opened its first Kenyan store in May 2016.^[48] A second outlet was opened at Two Rivers Mall in March 2017,^[49] soon followed by a third store the Thika Road Mall in November 2017.^[50] The fourth outlet was opened at the Junction Mall along Ngong Road in January 2018;^[51] the fifth at Sarit Center in April 2018;^[52] and the sixth at Galleria Mall in June 2018. In May 2018, Carrefour announced that plans were underway to open a seventh branch at The Village Market as its first 'Carrefour Market' focused predominantly on food items over non-food items.^[53] In June 2020, Carrefour opened a new store along Uhuru Highway.^[54]

In September 2020, Carrefour announced plans to continue its expansion efforts by opening three branches in the coastal city of Mombasa. In May 2021 it opened another branch of Carrefour Market in Garden City Mall along the Thika superhighway. It also has a branch at Westgate Mall previously occupied by ShopRite.^[55]

Morocco

Carrefour has 10 hypermarkets in Morocco, with the most being located in and around the Casablanca metropolitan area. Carrefour Maroc is a partner of Label'vie, a Moroccan supermarket chain. All the Label'Vie stores are transformed into Carrefour Markets. There are 30 of them widely spread around the kingdom. Carrefour is still expanding its presence in Morocco by opening more supermarkets and hypermarkets to face the settled competition like the Moroccan hypermarket chain Marjane.

Tunisia

Carrefour has 2 hypermarkets and 70 outlets under MAF in Tunisia.

Uganda

Carrefour operates 2 stores in the Ugandan capital city of Kampala. The outlets are the anchor clients at Oasis Mall and Metroplex mall and are in spaces previously occupied by the Kenyan retail chain, Nakumatt.^[56]

In September 2021 Carrefour signed an agreement with Shoprite of South Africa for the former to take over six stores that the latter was vacating in Uganda, no later than 31 December 2021. This will increase Carrefour's presence in the country from two stores to eight outlets.^[57][58]

South America

Argentina

Around 605 stores in various sizes are in operation as of 2021^[update].^[59][1]

Brazil

Carrefour Brasil (which is the biggest market outside France)^[60] was founded in 1975 and today it is the major supermarkets chain in Brazil under competition with Grupo Pão de Açúcar and currently it sells more than 25 million products per year.^[61]

Former stores

• Austria - In 1976 Carrefour opened a store in the Shopping City Süd at the southern edge of Vienna. Due to limited success, the store closed soon after. Carrefour has not made any other attempt at entering the Austrian market after that.
• Bulgaria - From 2009 to 2011 Bulgaria opened eight locations (five hypermarkets and three supermarkets) in Sofia, Plovdiv, Pleven, Varna, Burgas and Ruse. In 2010, Carrefour and Marinopoulos Group, the largest group of retail in Greece, established a franchise company MSC Bulgaria to develop hypermarkets and supermarkets under the Carrefour banner within Southeastern Europe. In June 2016 the owner of the franchise for Bulgaria declared bankruptcy and the stores were closed.
• Chile – Carrefour opened six supermarkets in Santiago de Chile between 1998 and 2003. However, Carrefour never surpassed a 3% market share in the country and their assets in Chile were sold to D&S in 2003.^[62]
• Colombia – In October 2012, Carrefour sold to Chilean retailer Cencosud all 72 stores in Colombia for $2.6  billion, with Cencosud converting all existing Carrefour hypermarkets to its Jumbo brand. Carrefour pulled out of Colombia to focus on its core markets.^[63]
• Cyprus – In 2017, all of the Carrefour stores were sold to a Greek supermarket brand Sklavenitis and underwent a major rebranding, to reflect the brand that now owns the stores.
• Czech Republic – In September 2005, Carrefour sold to Tesco (the biggest UK retailer) 11 stores in the Czech Republic. Tesco paid €57.4  million as well as its stores in Taiwan. Carrefour opened its first store in 1998 in the Czech Republic. The stores use the Tesco name and brand now.
• Germany – The only store in Germany was opened in 1977 in Mainz-Bretzenheim, as a Joint venture with Delhaize le Lion and German retailer Stüssgen (later part of REWE Group). Due to problems with a new building permit process and the associated difficulties in opening new locations, the store was sold in 1979 to the German retailer Massa (later part of real).^[64]
• Hong Kong – On 18 September 2000,^[65][66] Carrefour closed its stores in Hong Kong after complaints from manufacturers about selling products (especially electronics) at prices far below those of its competitors.^{[67][citation needed]} A company spokesman said at that time that the closures were due to "difficulties in finding sites suitable for developing its hypermarket concept and quickly acquiring a significant market share". Carrefour entered the Hong Kong market in December 1996 with a store in Heng Fa Chuen and later added stores in Tsuen Wan (Skyline Plaza), Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tsim Sha Tsui. Plans to open additional stores in Ma On Shan, Tseung Kwan O and Yau Tsim Mong had been cancelled.^[66]
• India - Carrefour operated cash and carry stores in India under the name "Carrefour Wholesale Cash&Carry". The first store opened on 30 December 2010 in Shahdara, Delhi.^[68] This was followed by a store in Jaipur in late 2011 and one in Meerut in October 2012, Agra in December 2013. Prior to September 2012, India's foreign direct investment (FDI) policy did not allow foreign companies to open multi-brand retail stores in the country. However, 100% FDI in cash-and-carry has been permitted since 1997. As a result, most global retailers, including Carrefour, opted for the cash-and-carry route in India. A new FDI policy, allowing up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail, came into effect on 20 September 2012.^[69][70] On 8 July 2014, Carrefour announced that it would shut down its Indian operations and close its five wholesale stores by the end of September.^[71]
• Indonesia - The first Carrefour branch in Indonesia opened in October 1998 in Cempaka Putih region of Jakarta, following the end of 1997 Asian financial crisis and the subsequent fall of Suharto. In 2012, after operating independently, Carrefour Indonesia was bought by CT Corp and its shares are owned by Chairul Tandjung.^[72][73] CT Corp developed Transmart in 2014, a subsidiary of CT Corp operated by Carrefour Indonesia and named after CT Corp's television networks.^[74] It also developed Groserindo, a grocery store also operated by mostly Carrefour.^[75] CT Corp announced that it will replace all Carrefour branches with Transmart brand as its license expires in 2019.^[76] Carrefour officially left the nation in 2020, and all branches were named Transmart from then on.

• Japan – In 1999 Carrefour's Japanese subsidiary, Carrefour Japan Co. Ltd., opened.^[77] The first Carrefour in Japan opened in a suburb of Tokyo in December 2000. In January and February 2001 new Carrefour stores opened in Tokyo and Osaka. Sales were initially strong, but Miki Tanikawa of The New York Times wrote that "But now, 10 months later, there is barely a line for most of the day at cash registers of most Carrefour stores here. Lengthy aisles of goods ranging from clothes to bicycles are mostly empty. "^[78] In early 2003, Carrefour sold its 8 hypermarkets to AEON Group and on 10 March 2005, the subsidiary's name changed to AEON Marche´ Co., Ltd.^[77] The stores were still operated in the Carrefour name until 31 March 2010, when the license expired.^[79]
• Kazakhstan – In the summer of 2017, the one and only Carrefour hypermarket closed down in Almaty as a result of the loss of value of the Tenge currency.
• Malaysia – Carrefour entered Malaysia in 1994 and sold its 26 hypermarkets to AEON Group in November 2012.^[80] The hypermarkets was rebranded as AEON BIG, and operates with an orange logo, compared to the magenta logo used by its parent company and existing JUSCO stores in the country. The outlets in Kota Damansara and Jalan Ipoh were the first to be changed from Carrefour to AEON BIG;^[81]
• Mexico – In March 2005, Carrefour sold its 29 hypermarkets in Mexico to Chedraui. Carrefour opened its first store in 1994 in Mexico;
• North Macedonia - In October 2012, Carrefour opened its first store in Skopje. The store is part of a brand new shopping mall (City Mall) that opened the same day in Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, and by the end of summer 2014, there were plans to open the second store in Tetovo, a city located not too far from Skopje. Carrefour ended up closing because of debt.^[82]
• Portugal – Carrefour entered Portugal by buying its first stores in 1991 – two Euromarché hypermarkets, in Telheiras (a Lisbon neighbourhood) and Vila Nova de Gaia (suburbs of Porto); This chain was known to have very good quality products, mainly from French origin, when in July 2007 Carrefour sold all of its 12 hypermarkets and 9 fuel stations to Sonae for €662  million. Also included were 11 licenses for opening new commercial spaces. Nowadays only the 365 hard-discount supermarkets (Minipreço) are supported by Carrefour in this country, not included in the takeover.
• Russia – Carrefour entered the Russian market in the summer of 2009. In October 2009, only a month after it opened its second hypermarket in the country, Carrefour announced it was exiting Russia.
• Singapore – In 2012, Carrefour's stores were primarily replaced by Giant Hyper (Suntec City) and Cold Storage.
• Slovakia – In 2018, Carrefour pulled out of the Slovak market, after 17 years of operation in the country.^[83]
• South Korea – Carrefour entered the Korean market in 1996 with their first store in Bucheon and operated thirty-two stores across the country at its peak in its final year of 2006. Carrefour was confident they would dominate the market, and by 1999 invested a total of 925 million US Dollars into the Korean venture- more than any other foreign companies in the Korean market at that time. Carrefour Korea enjoyed mediating success initially, gaining traction for unseen low prices and standing above its competitors. But the rise quickly ended when the Asian Financial Crisis struck South Korea in late 1997, and as Carrefour was exposed smuggling real estate in South Korea to international recipients, their reputation suffered a blow and alongside the reluctance of people spending in the midst of the financial crisis, boycotts ensued, beginning Carrefour's eventual demise. Complaints of Carrefour Korea's poor service quality grew, citing pushing products unfit for the Korean market and significantly soured relationships between the executives and the labour unions. With the company's attitude becoming reckless to its clients and suppliers, clients would boycott again while suppliers began refusing association with Carrefour Korea. With the company stained with controversial negativity, Carrefour Korea sold all their stores to E-Land and exited the Korean market in April 2006. Shortly after, E-Land sold their supermarket asset to Homeplus, recognized as Carrefour Korea's soul successor.^[84]
• Switzerland – In August 2007 Carrefour sold its 12 hypermarkets in Switzerland to Swiss retailer Coop for $390  million;^[85]
• Syria – Carrefour previously opened a store in Shahba Mall in Aleppo in 2009^[86] and operated until the mall was destroyed during the Syrian Civil War on 16 October 2014 when the mall was destroyed and permanently closed.^[87]
• Thailand – Carrefour's business in Thailand was sold to Big C Supercenter Public Company Limited, the owner of Big C hypermarket stores in Thailand due to complaints. The transaction is completed in March 2011, with the Suwintawong branch being the first changed brand store from Carrefour to Big C.^[88] Carrefour entered the Thai market in 1996.
• United Kingdom – Carrefour opened the first of several hypermarkets in the UK in September 1972 in Caerphilly, South Wales, in a joint partnership with a UK company Wheatsheaf/Hypermarket Holdings, followed by stores at the Telford Centre, Chandler's Ford, Minworth, Patchway and Swindon.^[89] The Dee Corporation later acquired the stores in the early 1980s; they continued to trade under the Carrefour name, while some other existing smaller sites were rebranded as Carrefour. In the 1980s, new stores were opened at the MetroCentre in Tyne and Wear, and the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the West Midlands, before being rebranded under the now-defunct Gateway chain in 1988. In 1990, the stores were sold to Asda. The initial Caerphilly store was redeveloped in the 1990s; however, the original 1970s hypermarkets at Chandler's Ford, Minworth and Patchway (Cribbs Causeway) still exist as large Asda Supercentres.^[90] Since July 2011, online supermarket Ocado has sold a range of Carrefour products in the UK.^[91]
• United States – Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in the United States in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in March 1988, across from the site of what is now called Philadelphia Mills (formerly Franklin Mills; opened 1989). Despite the huge selection, the store was generally derided for its poor conditions, and most of the time, many of the 61 checkout lanes in the store were deserted. In 1992, another location opened in Voorhees Township, New Jersey. Both stores closed because of financial debt in 1993. The Voorhees store was broken up into many smaller stores, while the Philadelphia location became a Walmart and a Dick's Sporting Goods. In September 2014, Walmart moved to one of the former department store spaces in Philadelphia Mills that they knocked down and built up, while the Dick's at the old Carrefour property remains open.
• Vietnam – Carrefour had two stores at Ho Chi Minh City until 2004. Which were later converted into Lotte Mart branches.

Carrefour Foundation

The Carrefour Foundation (Fondation d'Enterprise Carrefour) is a philanthropic fund created by Carrefour in 2000 to support social welfare programmes 'linked to [its] core business as a retailer' in countries the company operates and in countries where its suppliers are located.^[92]

Criticism and controversies

On 1 May 2007, more than 30 employees of the now-closed Carrefour Ratu Plaza, Jakarta, Indonesia, were taken to the Pertamina Central Hospital after being affected by carbon monoxide. The hypermarket was located in the mall's basement, which offered insufficient ventilation.^[93]

On 26 June 2007, the company was convicted in a French court for false advertising. The suit alleged that Carrefour regularly stocked insufficient quantities of advertised products for sale. In addition, the company was convicted of selling products below cost and accepting kickbacks from wholesalers. Carrefour was ordered to pay a fine of €2  million and to prominently and legibly display a notice in all of its French stores disclosing the false advertising.^[94]

In Carrefour Mangga Dua Square in Jakarta, Indonesia, a 5-metre high metal rack fell on top of a 3-year-old boy, killing him almost instantly due to internal bleeding.^[when?][95] Afterwards, the victim's family claimed that Carrefour has refused to meet with them to settle the case.^[96] However, a Carrefour Corporate Affairs Officer denied this allegation.^[97]

Carrefour has also received criticism for engaging in sweatshop practices.^[98]

On 7 May 2009, the French government asked a tribunal to fine Carrefour some €220,000 for more than 2,500 violations. Meat products lacked proper tracking information (more than 25% of inventory at some locations), and some products had incorrect labels – such as meat products that "shrank" in weight by 15% after receiving labels. The chain sold products that had long since passed their expiration dates, including, in one case, packs of baby formula that had expired six months earlier. Some 1,625 frozen and refrigerated products were found that had been stored in warehouses at ambient temperatures.^[99]

Boycott of supplies in China

 

A Carrefour outlet in Beijing, China, promotes the use of canvas bags as opposed to plastic bags prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics

In April 2008, after the 2008 Olympic torch relay was disrupted by Tibetan independence movement advocates in London and especially in Paris, where some protesters attempted to wrest control of the torch from the torch bearers, Chinese activists promoted boycotting Carrefour because of its French roots.^[100] The boycott of Carrefour, in particular, was further fueled by unsubstantiated rumours that a major shareholder, Moët Hennessy – Louis Vuitton, had donated to the Dalai Lama because of the Tibetan protests in the same year. In its response, Carrefour China stated that it did support the Beijing Olympics; and that it would never do anything to harm the feelings of the Chinese people.^[101] Protests occurred in and around a number of Carrefour outlets throughout China, and anti-Carrefour advocates campaigned for a one-day boycott of Carrefour on May Day, a public holiday in China. This led to diplomatic negotiations between the Chinese and French governments to resolve tensions.

As a result of the boycott, Chinese search engines Baidu.com.cn and sina.com temporarily blocked access to Carrefour's website in China for a short time. Users searching Carrefour in China were sent an error page indicating "The search result may contain illegal content, so we can not display the result." in Chinese.^[102]

Building collapse at Savar

Main article: 2013 Savar building collapse

On 24 April 2013, the eight-story Rana Plaza commercial building collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. At least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured.^[103] The factory housed a number of separate garment factories employing around 5,000 people, several shops, and a bank^[104] and manufactured apparel for brands including the Benetton Group, Joe Fresh,^[105] The Children's Place, Primark, Monsoon, and DressBarn.^[106][107] Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only 9 attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign, including Walmart, Carrefour, Bonmarché, Mango, Auchan and KiK. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles.^[108]

Slavery in Thailand

In 2014, The Guardian reported that Carrefour is a client of Charoen Pokphand Foods. During a six-month investigation, The Guardian traced the entire supply chain from slave ships in Asian waters to leading producers and retailers.^[109]

Deaths in Brazil

On 28 November 2018, a mixed-breed dog named Manchinha was poisoned and later beaten to death with an aluminum bar by one of the security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Osasco, São Paulo.^[110][111] The episode, known as Caso Manchinha, sparked a series of protests led by activists in front of the Osasco store in December 2018,^[112] and also inspired the creation of bill PL 1.095/2019, which was later approved by the executive and turned into a federal law in September 2020, imposing harsher penalties to crimes related to animal abuse.^[113]

In 2020, two death-related incidents were reported in Brazil. The first one happened in August when a sales representative died of a heart attack. To allow the store to continue operating, other workers hid his body in a barricade made out of umbrellas and cardboard boxes.^[114]

On 19 November 2020, one day before the Brazilian holiday Black Awareness Day, a 40-year-old black man named João Alberto Silveira Freitas was killed by security guards after an altercation with a cashier. After an alleged "violent gesture" to one of the cashiers, two security guards were called, proceeded to drag the man out of the store and beat him to death in the parking lot. Both security guards were arrested and charged with qualified homicide.^[115]

Deforestation in Amazonia

According to Mighty Earth, Carrefour is not respecting its commitments to fight deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.^[116] In a report at the occasion of the 2022 World Amazon Day, Mighty Earth published a statement criticising the retail group for sourcing from "meat and soy traders with devastating practices."^[117] The organisation points to the group's activities in Brazil where, with its 1,000 sales outlets, Carrefour controls 25% of the food distribution market. The NGO found that two-thirds of the 102 meat products inspected in Carrefour stores in Brazil are supplied by JBS, which is "regularly targeted for deforestation cases", according to Mighty Earth. Following the report publication, Carrefour suspended beef supplies from two JBS slaughterhouses in the Amazon.

Stabbing in Italy

On the 27th of October 2022, a man grabbed a knife from a supermarket shelf in Milan, stabbing five people, killing one and wounding four others, including Spanish soccer player Pablo Mari, Italian authorities said.

Police arrested a 46-year-old Italian man suspected in the attack at a shopping centre in Assago (a town near Milan).^[118]

Notes

1. Excluding Carrefour China, the number of Group employees would have been around 327,000.

See also

• Companies of France
• European Retail Round Table
• List of companies of France
• List of hypermarkets
• Carrefour Marinopoulos

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carrefour.

• Official website  
• Yahoo! – Carrefour SA Company Profile
• The history-book of Yves Soulabail, Carrefour Un combat pour la liberté, Le Loup Hurlant Editions, 2010.