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Evliya Çelebi

February 03, 2023

Derviş Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyâhatnâme ("Book of Travel").[1] The name Çelebi is an honorific title meaning "gentleman" or "man of God" (see pre-1934 Turkish naming conventions).

Evliya Çelebi
Born
Derviş Mehmed Zillî

(1611-03-25)25 March 1611
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
(modern-day Istanbul, Turkey)
Died1682 (aged 70–71)
Other namesTchelebi in French
Tchalabi/Chalabi in English
Known forSeyâhatnâme ("The Travelogue")

Life

 
The house of Evliya Çelebi in Kütahya, now used as a museum

Evliya Çelebi was born in Constantinople in 1611 to a wealthy family from Kütahya.[2] Both his parents were attached to the Ottoman court, his father, Derviş Mehmed Zilli, as a jeweller, and his mother as an Abkhazian relation of the grand vizier Melek Ahmed Pasha.[3] In his book, Evliya Çelebi traces his paternal genealogy back to Ahmad Yasawi, an early Sufi mystic.[4] Evliya Çelebi received a court education from the Imperial ulama (scholars).[5] He may have joined the Gulshani Sufi order, as he shows an intimate knowledge of their khanqah in Cairo, and a graffito exists in which he referred to himself as Evliya-yı Gülşenî ("Evliya of the Gülşenî").[citation needed]

A devout Muslim opposed to fanaticism, Evliya could recite the Quran from memory and joked freely about Islam. Though employed as a clergyman and entertainer at the Imperial Court of Sultan Murad IV Evliya refused employment that would keep him from travelling.[5][6] Çelebi had studied vocal and instrumental music as a pupil of a renowned Khalwati dervish by the name of 'Umar Gulshani, and his musical gifts earned him much favor at the Imperial Palace impressing even the chief musician Amir Guna. He was also trained in the theory of music called ilm al-musiqi. [6]

His journal-writing began in Constantinople, with the taking of notes on buildings, markets, customs and culture, and in 1640 it was augmented with accounts of his travels beyond the confines of the city. The collected notes of his travels form a ten-volume work called the Seyahatname ("Travelogue"). Departing from the Ottoman literary convention of the time, he wrote in a mixture of vernacular and high Turkish, with the effect that the Seyahatname has remained a popular and accessible reference work about life in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century,[7] including two chapters on musical instruments.[6]

Evliya Çelebi died in 1684,[8] it is unclear whether he was in Istanbul or Cairo at the time.

Travels

Europe

Çelebi claimed to have encountered Native Americans as a guest in Rotterdam during his visit of 1663. He wrote: "[they] cursed those priests, saying, 'Our world used to be peaceful, but it has been filled by greedy people, who make war every year and shorten our lives.'"[1]

While visiting Vienna in 1665–66, Çelebi noted some similarities between words in German and Persian, an early observation of the relationship between what would later be known as two Indo-European languages.

Çelebi visited Crete and in book II describes the fall of Chania to the Sultan; in book VIII he recounts the Candia campaign.

Croatia

During his travels in South Slavic regions of the Ottoman Empire Çelebi visited various regions of the modern-day Croatia including northern Dalmatia, parts of Slavonia, Međimurje and Banija.[9] He recorded variety of historiographic and ethnographic sources.[9] They included descriptions of first hand encounters, third party narrator witnesses and invented elements.[9]

Circassia

Çelebi traveled to Circassia as well, in 1640.[10] He commented on the women's beauty and talked about the absence of mosques and bazaars despite being a Muslim country.[10][11] He talks about the hospitality of Circassians and mentions that he could not write the Circassian language using letters, and compared the language to a "magpie shout".[10][11]

Bosnia

Evliya Çelebi visited the town of Mostar, then in Ottoman Bosnia. He wrote that the name Mostar means "bridge-keeper", in reference to the town's celebrated bridge, 28 meters long and 20 meters high. Çelebi wrote that it "is like a rainbow arch soaring up to the skies, extending from one cliff to the other. ...I, a poor and miserable slave of Allah, have passed through 16 countries, but I have never seen such a high bridge. It is thrown from rock to rock as high as the sky."[12]

Kosovo

In 1660 Çelebi went to Kosovo and referred to the central part of the region as Arnavud (آرناوود) and noted that in Vučitrn its inhabitants were speakers of Albanian or Turkish and few spoke Bosnian.[13] The highlands around the Tetovo, Peć and Prizren areas Çelebi considered as being the "mountains of Arnavudluk".[13] Çelebi referred to the "mountains of Peć" as being in Arnavudluk (آرناوودلق) and considered the Ibar river that converged in Mitrovica as forming Kosovo's border with Bosnia.[13] He viewed the "Kılab" or Lab river as having its source in Arnavudluk (Albania) and by extension the Sitnica as being part of that river.[13] Çelebi also included the central mountains of Kosovo within Arnavudluk.[13]

Albania

Çelebi travelled extensively throughout Albania, visiting it on 3 occasions. He visited Tirana, Lezha, Shkodra and Bushat in 1662, Delvina, Gjirokastra, Tepelena, Skrapar, Përmet, Berat, Kanina, Vlora, Bashtova, Durrës, Kavaja, Peqin, Elbasan, Pogradec, Kavaja and Durrës in 1670.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

Parthenon

In 1667 Çelebi expressed his marvel at the Parthenon's sculptures and described the building as "like some impregnable fortress not made by human agency."[20] He composed a poetic supplication that the Parthenon, as "a work less of human hands than of Heaven itself, should remain standing for all time."[21]

Asia

Shirvan

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi wrote: "By Allah's decree oil bubbles up out of the ground, but in the manner of hot springs, pools of water are formed with oil congealed on the surface like cream. Merchants wade into these pools and collect the oil in ladles and fill goatskins with it, these oil merchants then sell them in different regions. Revenues from this oil trade are delivered annually directly to the Safavid Shah.

Crimean Khanate

Evliya Çelebi remarked on the impact of Cossack raids from Azak upon the territories of the Crimean Khanate, destroying trade routes and severely depopulating the regions. By the time of Çelebi's arrival, many of the towns visited were affected by the Cossacks, and the only place in Crimea he reported as safe was the Ottoman fortress at Arabat.[22]

Çelebi wrote of the slave trade in the Crimea:

A man who had not seen this market, had not seen anything in this world. A mother is severed from her son and daughter there, a son—from his father and brother, and they are sold amongst lamentations, cries of help, weeping and sorrow.[23]

Çelebi estimated that there were about 400,000 slaves in the Crimea but only 187,000 free Muslims.[24]

Syria and Palestine

In contrast to many European and some Jewish travelogues of Syria and Palestine in the 17th century, Çelebi wrote one of the few detailed travelogues from an Islamic point of view.[25] Çelebi visited Palestine twice, once in 1649 and once in 1670–1. An English translation of the first part, with some passages from the second, was published in 1935–1940 by the self-taught Palestinian scholar Stephan Hanna Stephan who worked for the Palestine Department of Antiquities.[26][27] Significant are the many references to Palestine, or "Land of Palestine", and Evliya notes, "All chronicles call this country Palestine."[28]

Seyâhatnâme

Main article: Seyahatname

Although many of the descriptions the Seyâhatnâme were written in an exaggerated manner or were plainly inventive fiction or third-source misinterpretation, his notes remain a useful guide to the culture and lifestyles of the 17th century Ottoman Empire.[29] The first volume deals exclusively with Istanbul, the final volume with Egypt.

Currently there is no English translation of the entire Seyahatname, although there are translations of various parts. The longest single English translation was published in 1834 by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, an Austrian orientalist: it may be found under the name "Evliya Efendi." Von Hammer-Purgstall's work covers the first two volumes (Istanbul and Anatolia) but its language is antiquated.[citation needed] Other translations include Erich Prokosch's nearly complete translation into German of the tenth volume, the 2004 introductory work entitled The World of Evliya Çelebi: An Ottoman Mentality written by Robert Dankoff, and Dankoff and Sooyong Kim's 2010 translation of select excerpts of the ten volumes, An Ottoman Traveller: Selections from the Book of Travels of Evliya Çelebi.

Evliya is noted for having collected specimens[clarification needed] of the languages in each region he traveled in. There are some 30 Turkic dialects and languages cataloged in the Seyâhatnâme. Çelebi notes the similarities between several words from the German and Persian, though he denies any common Indo-European heritage. The Seyâhatnâme also contains the first transcriptions of many languages of the Caucasus and Tsakonian, and the only extant specimens of written Ubykh outside the linguistic literature.

In the 10 volumes of his Seyahatname, he describes the following journeys:

  1. Constantinople and surrounding areas (1630)
  2. Anatolia, the Caucasus, Crete and Azerbaijan (1640)
  3. Syria, Palestine, Armenia and Rumelia (1648)
  4. Kurdistan, Iraq, and Iran (1655)
  5. Russia and the Balkans (1656)
  6. Military Campaigns in Hungary during the fourth Austro-Turkish War (1663/64)
  7. Austria, the Crimea, and the Caucasus for the second time (1664)
  8. Greece and then the Crimea and Rumelia for the second time (1667–1670)
  9. the Hajj to Mecca (1671)
  10. Egypt and the Sudan (1672)

In popular culture

 
Evlija Čelebija (Evliya Çelebi) street in modern Skopje
  • Çelebi appears in Orhan Pamuk's 1985 novel The White Castle, and is featured in The Adventures of Captain Bathory (Dobrodružstvá kapitána Báthoryho) novels by Slovak writer Juraj Červenák.
  • İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında (Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996) is a film about the lives of legendary aviator brothers Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi and Lagâri Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.
  • Evliya Çelebi ve Ölümsüzlük Suyu (Evliya Çelebi and the Water of Life, 2014, dir. Serkan Zelzele), a children's adaptation of Çelebi's adventures, is the first full-length Turkish animated film.
  • UNESCO included the 400th anniversary of Çelebi's birth in its timetable for the celebration of anniversaries.[30]
  • In the 2015 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, is portrayed by Turkish actor Necip Memili.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b . saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  2. ^ Bruinessen, Martin van (1988). Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels: Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. Brill. ISBN 9004081658.
  3. ^ Robert Dankoff, An Ottoman Mentality: The World of Evliya Çelebi, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 978-90-04-13715-8, p. xii.
  4. ^ Dankoff, Robert (2004). An Ottoman Mentality: The World of Evliya Çelebi. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-13715-7., page 21
  5. ^ a b Jerusalem: The Biography, page 303-304, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2011. ISBN 978-0-297-85265-0
  6. ^ a b c Farmer, Henry George (1936). "Turkish Instruments of Music in the Seventeenth Century". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  7. ^ HALASI-KUN, TIBOR (1979). "Evliya Çelebi as Linguist". Harvard Ukrainian Studies.
  8. ^ "Evliya Celebi | Turkish traveler and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
  9. ^ a b c Škiljan, Filip (2008). Kulturno – historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 [Cultural and historical monuments of Banija with an overview of history Banija from prehistory to 1881.] (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Serb National Council. ISBN 978-953-7442-04-0.
  10. ^ a b c Kartalcı Polat, Nur (2018). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi'nde Kafkaslar (in Turkish).
  11. ^ a b Evliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996
  12. ^ . saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  13. ^ a b c d e Anscombe, Frederick (2006). "The Ottoman Empire in Recent International Politics – II: The Case of Kosovo". The International History Review. 28 (4): 772. doi:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103. JSTOR 40109813. S2CID 154724667.
  14. ^ "1662 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey through Northern Albania and Montenegro". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  15. ^ "1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Gjirokastra". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  16. ^ "1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname – a Journey around Lake Ohrid". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  17. ^ "1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Berat and Elbasan". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  18. ^ "1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Vlora and Durrës". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  19. ^ Elsie, Robert (1998). "Das albanische Lexikon des Evliya Çelebi, 1662, und was ein Derwisch auf der Durchreise alles wissen muß" (PDF). Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  20. ^ Stoneman, Richard (2004). A Traveller's History of Athens. Interlink Books. p. 209. ISBN 9781566565332.
  21. ^ Holt, Frank L. (November–December 2008). . Saudi Aramco World. Saudi Aramco. 59 (6): 36–41. Archived from the original on 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
  22. ^ Fisher, A. (1998). Between Russians, Ottomans and Turks: Crimea and Crimean Tatars. Isis Press. ISBN 9789754281262. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  23. ^ Mikhail Kizilov. "Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources". Oxford University. p. 24.
  24. ^ Brian L. Davies (2014). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe. pp. 15–26. Routledge.
  25. ^ Ben-Naeh (2013). ""Thousands great saints": Evliya Çelebi in Ottoman Palestine". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History (6).
  26. ^ Albert Glock (1994). "Archaeology as Cultural Survival: The Future of the Palestinian Past". Journal of Palestine Studies. 23 (3): 70–84. doi:10.1525/jps.1994.23.3.00p0027n.
  27. ^ St. H. Stephan (1935–1942). "Evliya Tshelebi's Travels in Palestine". The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine.. Part 1: Vol 4 (1935) 103–108; Part 2: Vol 4 (1935) 154–164; Part 3: Vol 5 (1936) 69–73; Part 4: Vol 6 (1937) 84–97; Part 5: Vol 8 (1939) 137–156. Part 6: Vol 9 (1942) 81–104.
  28. ^ * Sarah R. Irving (2017). "Intellectual networks, language and knowledge under colonialism: the work of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Palestine, 1909-1948" (PDF). Literatures, Languages and Cultures PhD Thesis Collection. University of Eidenburgh: 19.
  29. ^ "Evliya Celebi | Turkish traveler and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  30. ^ "Anniversaries celebrated by Member States | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". portal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-10-27.

Sources

In Turkish

  • Evliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996. 10 vols.
  • Evliya Çelebi: Seyahatnamesi. 2 Vol. Cocuk Klasikleri Dizisi. Berlin 2005. ISBN 975-379-160-7 (A selection translated into modern Turkish for children)
  • Robert Dankoff, Nuran Tezcan, Evliya Çelebi'nin Nil Haritası - Dürr-i bî misîl în ahbâr-ı Nîl, Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2011
  • Nuran Tezcan, Semih Tezcan (Edit.), Doğumunun 400. Yılında Evliya Çelebi, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara 2011

In English

  • Çelebi, Evliya [1834]. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century (vol 1) at Project Gutenberg
  • Narrative of travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the seventeenth century, by Evliyá Efendí. Trans. Ritter Joseph von Hammer. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1846.
  • Stephan, St. H. (1935). annotated by L. A. Mayer. "Evliya Tshelebi's travels in Palestine". Quarterly of The Department of Antiquities in Palestine. 4: 103-108.
  • Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir: The Relevant Section of The Seyahatname. Trans. and Ed. Martin van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten. New York : E.J. Brill, 1988.
  • The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman: Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588–1662) as Portrayed in Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
  • Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels. Evliya Çelebi in Albania and Adjacent Regions (Kosovo, Montenegro). The Relevant Sections of the Seyahatname. Trans. and Ed. Robert Dankoff. Leiden and Boston 2000. ISBN 90-04-11624-9
  • Robert Dankoff: An Ottoman Mentality. The World of Evliya Çelebi. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004.
  • Klaus Kreiser, "Evliya Çelebi",[1] eds. C. Kafadar, H. Karateke, C. Fleischer. October 2005.
  • Evliya Çelebi: Selected Stories by Evliya Çelebi, edited by Zeynep Üstün, translated by Havva Aslan, Profil Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2007 ISBN 978-975-996-072-8
  • Winter, Michael (2017). "The Conquest of Syria and Egypt by Sultan Selim I, according to Evliyâ Çelebi". In Conermann, Stephan; Sen, Gül (eds.). The Mamlik-Ottoman Transition. Bonn University Press.
  • Fotić, Aleksandar (2021). "Receptions of Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname in Serbian Historiography and Challenges of the Original Manuscript". Evliya Çelebi in the Borderlands: New Insights and Novel Approaches to the Seyahatname. Zagreb: Srednja Europa. pp. 149–163.

In German

  • Helena Turková: Die Reisen und Streifzüge Evliyâ Çelebîs in Dalmatien und Bosnien in den Jahren 1659/61. Prag 1965.
  • Klaus Kreiser: Edirne im 17. Jahrhundert nach Evliyâ Çelebî. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der osmanischen Stadt. Freiburg 1975. ISBN 3-87997-045-9
  • Im Reiche des Goldenen Apfels. Des türkischen Weltenbummlers Evliâ Çelebis denkwürdige Reise in das Giaurenland und die Stadt und Festung Wien anno 1665. Trans. R. Kreutel, Graz, et al. 1987.
  • Ins Land der geheimnisvollen Func: des türkischen Weltenbummlers, Evliyā Çelebi, Reise durch Oberägypten und den Sudan nebst der osmanischen Provinz Habes in den Jahren 1672/73. Trans. Erich Prokosch. Graz: Styria, 1994.
  • Evliyā Çelebis Anatolienreise aus dem dritten Band des Seyāḥatnāme. Trans. Korkut M. Buğday. New York: E.J. Brill, 1996.
  • Evliya Çelebis Reise von Bitlis nach Van: ein Auszug aus dem Seyahatname. Trans. Christiane Bulut. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997.
  • Manisa nach Evliyā Çelebi: aus dem neunten Band des Seyāḥat-nāme. Trans. Nuran Tezcan. Boston: Brill, 1999.
  • Kairo in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Beschrieben von Evliya Çelebi. Trans. Erich Prokosch. Istanbul 2000. ISBN 975-7172-35-9

External links

 
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February 03, 2023
evliya, çelebi, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 2014. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Evliya Celebi news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Dervis Mehmed Zilli 25 March 1611 1682 known as Evliya Celebi Ottoman Turkish اوليا چلبى was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatname Book of Travel 1 The name Celebi is an honorific title meaning gentleman or man of God see pre 1934 Turkish naming conventions Evliya CelebiBornDervis Mehmed Zilli 1611 03 25 25 March 1611Constantinople Ottoman Empire modern day Istanbul Turkey Died1682 aged 70 71 Other namesTchelebi in FrenchTchalabi Chalabi in EnglishKnown forSeyahatname The Travelogue Contents 1 Life 2 Travels 2 1 Europe 2 1 1 Croatia 2 1 2 Circassia 2 1 3 Bosnia 2 1 4 Kosovo 2 1 5 Albania 2 1 6 Parthenon 2 2 Asia 2 2 1 Shirvan 2 2 2 Crimean Khanate 2 2 3 Syria and Palestine 3 Seyahatname 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 7 1 In Turkish 7 2 In English 7 3 In German 8 External linksLife Edit The house of Evliya Celebi in Kutahya now used as a museum Evliya Celebi was born in Constantinople in 1611 to a wealthy family from Kutahya 2 Both his parents were attached to the Ottoman court his father Dervis Mehmed Zilli as a jeweller and his mother as an Abkhazian relation of the grand vizier Melek Ahmed Pasha 3 In his book Evliya Celebi traces his paternal genealogy back to Ahmad Yasawi an early Sufi mystic 4 Evliya Celebi received a court education from the Imperial ulama scholars 5 He may have joined the Gulshani Sufi order as he shows an intimate knowledge of their khanqah in Cairo and a graffito exists in which he referred to himself as Evliya yi Gulseni Evliya of the Gulseni citation needed A devout Muslim opposed to fanaticism Evliya could recite the Quran from memory and joked freely about Islam Though employed as a clergyman and entertainer at the Imperial Court of Sultan Murad IV Evliya refused employment that would keep him from travelling 5 6 Celebi had studied vocal and instrumental music as a pupil of a renowned Khalwati dervish by the name of Umar Gulshani and his musical gifts earned him much favor at the Imperial Palace impressing even the chief musician Amir Guna He was also trained in the theory of music called ilm al musiqi 6 His journal writing began in Constantinople with the taking of notes on buildings markets customs and culture and in 1640 it was augmented with accounts of his travels beyond the confines of the city The collected notes of his travels form a ten volume work called the Seyahatname Travelogue Departing from the Ottoman literary convention of the time he wrote in a mixture of vernacular and high Turkish with the effect that the Seyahatname has remained a popular and accessible reference work about life in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century 7 including two chapters on musical instruments 6 Evliya Celebi died in 1684 8 it is unclear whether he was in Istanbul or Cairo at the time Travels EditEurope Edit Celebi claimed to have encountered Native Americans as a guest in Rotterdam during his visit of 1663 He wrote they cursed those priests saying Our world used to be peaceful but it has been filled by greedy people who make war every year and shorten our lives 1 While visiting Vienna in 1665 66 Celebi noted some similarities between words in German and Persian an early observation of the relationship between what would later be known as two Indo European languages Celebi visited Crete and in book II describes the fall of Chania to the Sultan in book VIII he recounts the Candia campaign Croatia Edit During his travels in South Slavic regions of the Ottoman Empire Celebi visited various regions of the modern day Croatia including northern Dalmatia parts of Slavonia Međimurje and Banija 9 He recorded variety of historiographic and ethnographic sources 9 They included descriptions of first hand encounters third party narrator witnesses and invented elements 9 Circassia Edit Celebi traveled to Circassia as well in 1640 10 He commented on the women s beauty and talked about the absence of mosques and bazaars despite being a Muslim country 10 11 He talks about the hospitality of Circassians and mentions that he could not write the Circassian language using letters and compared the language to a magpie shout 10 11 Bosnia Edit The Old Bridge in Mostar Evliya Celebi visited the town of Mostar then in Ottoman Bosnia He wrote that the name Mostar means bridge keeper in reference to the town s celebrated bridge 28 meters long and 20 meters high Celebi wrote that it is like a rainbow arch soaring up to the skies extending from one cliff to the other I a poor and miserable slave of Allah have passed through 16 countries but I have never seen such a high bridge It is thrown from rock to rock as high as the sky 12 Kosovo Edit In 1660 Celebi went to Kosovo and referred to the central part of the region as Arnavud آرناوود and noted that in Vucitrn its inhabitants were speakers of Albanian or Turkish and few spoke Bosnian 13 The highlands around the Tetovo Pec and Prizren areas Celebi considered as being the mountains of Arnavudluk 13 Celebi referred to the mountains of Pec as being in Arnavudluk آرناوودلق and considered the Ibar river that converged in Mitrovica as forming Kosovo s border with Bosnia 13 He viewed the Kilab or Lab river as having its source in Arnavudluk Albania and by extension the Sitnica as being part of that river 13 Celebi also included the central mountains of Kosovo within Arnavudluk 13 Albania Edit Celebi travelled extensively throughout Albania visiting it on 3 occasions He visited Tirana Lezha Shkodra and Bushat in 1662 Delvina Gjirokastra Tepelena Skrapar Permet Berat Kanina Vlora Bashtova Durres Kavaja Peqin Elbasan Pogradec Kavaja and Durres in 1670 14 15 16 17 18 19 Parthenon Edit In 1667 Celebi expressed his marvel at the Parthenon s sculptures and described the building as like some impregnable fortress not made by human agency 20 He composed a poetic supplication that the Parthenon as a work less of human hands than of Heaven itself should remain standing for all time 21 Asia Edit Shirvan Edit Of oil merchants in Baku Celebi wrote By Allah s decree oil bubbles up out of the ground but in the manner of hot springs pools of water are formed with oil congealed on the surface like cream Merchants wade into these pools and collect the oil in ladles and fill goatskins with it these oil merchants then sell them in different regions Revenues from this oil trade are delivered annually directly to the Safavid Shah Crimean Khanate Edit Evliya Celebi remarked on the impact of Cossack raids from Azak upon the territories of the Crimean Khanate destroying trade routes and severely depopulating the regions By the time of Celebi s arrival many of the towns visited were affected by the Cossacks and the only place in Crimea he reported as safe was the Ottoman fortress at Arabat 22 Celebi wrote of the slave trade in the Crimea A man who had not seen this market had not seen anything in this world A mother is severed from her son and daughter there a son from his father and brother and they are sold amongst lamentations cries of help weeping and sorrow 23 Celebi estimated that there were about 400 000 slaves in the Crimea but only 187 000 free Muslims 24 Syria and Palestine Edit In contrast to many European and some Jewish travelogues of Syria and Palestine in the 17th century Celebi wrote one of the few detailed travelogues from an Islamic point of view 25 Celebi visited Palestine twice once in 1649 and once in 1670 1 An English translation of the first part with some passages from the second was published in 1935 1940 by the self taught Palestinian scholar Stephan Hanna Stephan who worked for the Palestine Department of Antiquities 26 27 Significant are the many references to Palestine or Land of Palestine and Evliya notes All chronicles call this country Palestine 28 Seyahatname EditMain article Seyahatname Although many of the descriptions the Seyahatname were written in an exaggerated manner or were plainly inventive fiction or third source misinterpretation his notes remain a useful guide to the culture and lifestyles of the 17th century Ottoman Empire 29 The first volume deals exclusively with Istanbul the final volume with Egypt Currently there is no English translation of the entire Seyahatname although there are translations of various parts The longest single English translation was published in 1834 by Joseph von Hammer Purgstall an Austrian orientalist it may be found under the name Evliya Efendi Von Hammer Purgstall s work covers the first two volumes Istanbul and Anatolia but its language is antiquated citation needed Other translations include Erich Prokosch s nearly complete translation into German of the tenth volume the 2004 introductory work entitled The World of Evliya Celebi An Ottoman Mentality written by Robert Dankoff and Dankoff and Sooyong Kim s 2010 translation of select excerpts of the ten volumes An Ottoman Traveller Selections from the Book of Travels of Evliya Celebi Evliya is noted for having collected specimens clarification needed of the languages in each region he traveled in There are some 30 Turkic dialects and languages cataloged in the Seyahatname Celebi notes the similarities between several words from the German and Persian though he denies any common Indo European heritage The Seyahatname also contains the first transcriptions of many languages of the Caucasus and Tsakonian and the only extant specimens of written Ubykh outside the linguistic literature In the 10 volumes of his Seyahatname he describes the following journeys Constantinople and surrounding areas 1630 Anatolia the Caucasus Crete and Azerbaijan 1640 Syria Palestine Armenia and Rumelia 1648 Kurdistan Iraq and Iran 1655 Russia and the Balkans 1656 Military Campaigns in Hungary during the fourth Austro Turkish War 1663 64 Austria the Crimea and the Caucasus for the second time 1664 Greece and then the Crimea and Rumelia for the second time 1667 1670 the Hajj to Mecca 1671 Egypt and the Sudan 1672 In popular culture Edit Evlija Celebija Evliya Celebi street in modern Skopje Celebi appears in Orhan Pamuk s 1985 novel The White Castle and is featured in The Adventures of Captain Bathory Dobrodruzstva kapitana Bathoryho novels by Slovak writer Juraj Cervenak Istanbul Kanatlarimin Altinda Istanbul Under My Wings 1996 is a film about the lives of legendary aviator brothers Hezarfen Ahmed Celebi and Lagari Hasan Celebi and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century during the reign of Murad IV as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Celebi Evliya Celebi ve Olumsuzluk Suyu Evliya Celebi and the Water of Life 2014 dir Serkan Zelzele a children s adaptation of Celebi s adventures is the first full length Turkish animated film UNESCO included the 400th anniversary of Celebi s birth in its timetable for the celebration of anniversaries 30 In the 2015 TV series Muhtesem Yuzyil Kosem is portrayed by Turkish actor Necip Memili See also EditAhmad ibn Fadlan Hezarfen Ahmed Celebi Katip Celebi Abbas ibn Firnas Evliya Celebi Way Turkish literatureReferences Edit a b Saudi Aramco World The Unread Masterpiece of Evliya Celebi saudiaramcoworld com Archived from the original on 2014 10 27 Retrieved 2014 10 27 Bruinessen Martin van 1988 Evliya Celebi s Book of Travels Evliya Celebi in Diyarbekir Brill ISBN 9004081658 Robert Dankoff An Ottoman Mentality The World of Evliya Celebi BRILL 2004 ISBN 978 90 04 13715 8 p xii Dankoff Robert 2004 An Ottoman Mentality The World of Evliya Celebi BRILL ISBN 90 04 13715 7 page 21 a b Jerusalem The Biography page 303 304 Simon Sebag Montefiore Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 2011 ISBN 978 0 297 85265 0 a b c Farmer Henry George 1936 Turkish Instruments of Music in the Seventeenth Century Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society HALASI KUN TIBOR 1979 Evliya Celebi as Linguist Harvard Ukrainian Studies Evliya Celebi Turkish traveler and writer Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2017 10 21 a b c Skiljan Filip 2008 Kulturno historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 Cultural and historical monuments of Banija with an overview of history Banija from prehistory to 1881 in Serbian Zagreb Croatia Serb National Council ISBN 978 953 7442 04 0 a b c Kartalci Polat Nur 2018 Evliya Celebi Seyahatnamesi nde Kafkaslar in Turkish a b Evliya Celebi Evliya Celebi Seyahatnamesi Beyoglu Istanbul Yapi Kredi Yayinlari Ltd Sti 1996 Saudi Aramco World Hearts and Stones saudiaramcoworld com Archived from the original on 2012 10 04 Retrieved 2014 10 27 a b c d e Anscombe Frederick 2006 The Ottoman Empire in Recent International Politics II The Case of Kosovo The International History Review 28 4 772 doi 10 1080 07075332 2006 9641103 JSTOR 40109813 S2CID 154724667 1662 Evliya Chelebi Seyahatname a Journey through Northern Albania and Montenegro www albanianhistory net Retrieved 2022 04 01 1670 Evliya Chelebi Seyahatname a Journey to Gjirokastra www albanianhistory net Retrieved 2022 04 01 1670 Evliya Chelebi Seyahatname a Journey around Lake Ohrid www albanianhistory net Retrieved 2022 04 01 1670 Evliya Chelebi Seyahatname a Journey to Berat and Elbasan www albanianhistory net Retrieved 2022 04 01 1670 Evliya Chelebi Seyahatname a Journey to Vlora and Durres www albanianhistory net Retrieved 2022 04 01 Elsie Robert 1998 Das albanische Lexikon des Evliya Celebi 1662 und was ein Derwisch auf der Durchreise alles wissen muss PDF Retrieved 1 April 2022 Stoneman Richard 2004 A Traveller s History of Athens Interlink Books p 209 ISBN 9781566565332 Holt Frank L November December 2008 I Marble Maiden Saudi Aramco World Saudi Aramco 59 6 36 41 Archived from the original on 2012 08 01 Retrieved 2012 12 03 Fisher A 1998 Between Russians Ottomans and Turks Crimea and Crimean Tatars Isis Press ISBN 9789754281262 Retrieved 2014 10 27 Mikhail Kizilov Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian Muslim and Jewish Sources Oxford University p 24 Brian L Davies 2014 Warfare State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe pp 15 26 Routledge Ben Naeh 2013 Thousands great saints Evliya Celebi in Ottoman Palestine Quest Issues in Contemporary Jewish History 6 Albert Glock 1994 Archaeology as Cultural Survival The Future of the Palestinian Past Journal of Palestine Studies 23 3 70 84 doi 10 1525 jps 1994 23 3 00p0027n St H Stephan 1935 1942 Evliya Tshelebi s Travels in Palestine The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine Part 1 Vol 4 1935 103 108 Part 2 Vol 4 1935 154 164 Part 3 Vol 5 1936 69 73 Part 4 Vol 6 1937 84 97 Part 5 Vol 8 1939 137 156 Part 6 Vol 9 1942 81 104 Sarah R Irving 2017 Intellectual networks language and knowledge under colonialism the work of Stephan Stephan Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Palestine 1909 1948 PDF Literatures Languages and Cultures PhD Thesis Collection University of Eidenburgh 19 Evliya Celebi Turkish traveler and writer Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2017 10 19 Anniversaries celebrated by Member States United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization portal unesco org Retrieved 2014 10 27 Sources EditIn Turkish Edit Evliya Celebi Evliya Celebi Seyahatnamesi Beyoglu Istanbul Yapi Kredi Yayinlari Ltd Sti 1996 10 vols Evliya Celebi Seyahatnamesi 2 Vol Cocuk Klasikleri Dizisi Berlin 2005 ISBN 975 379 160 7 A selection translated into modern Turkish for children Robert Dankoff Nuran Tezcan Evliya Celebi nin Nil Haritasi Durr i bi misil in ahbar i Nil Yapi Kredi Yayinlari 2011 Nuran Tezcan Semih Tezcan Edit Dogumunun 400 Yilinda Evliya Celebi T C Kultur ve Turizm Bakanligi Yayinlari Ankara 2011In English Edit Celebi Evliya 1834 Narrative of Travels in Europe Asia and Africa in the Seventeenth Century Vol 1 Translated by Joseph von Hammer Purgstall London Oriental Translation Fund via Open Library contents via Hathi Trust Celebi Evliya 1834 Narrative of Travels in Europe Asia and Africa in the Seventeenth Century Vol 2 Translated by Joseph von Hammer Purgstall London Oriental Translation Fund via Open Library contents Celebi Evliya 1834 Narrative of Travels in Europe Asia and Africa in the Seventeenth Century vol 1 at Project GutenbergNarrative of travels in Europe Asia and Africa in the seventeenth century by Evliya Efendi Trans Ritter Joseph von Hammer London Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland 1846 Stephan St H 1935 annotated by L A Mayer Evliya Tshelebi s travels in Palestine Quarterly of The Department of Antiquities in Palestine 4 103 108 Evliya Celebi in Diyarbekir The Relevant Section of The Seyahatname Trans and Ed Martin van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten New York E J Brill 1988 The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman Melek Ahmed Pasha 1588 1662 as Portrayed in Evliya Celebi s Book of Travels Albany State University of New York Press 1991 Evliya Celebi s Book of Travels Evliya Celebi in Albania and Adjacent Regions Kosovo Montenegro The Relevant Sections of the Seyahatname Trans and Ed Robert Dankoff Leiden and Boston 2000 ISBN 90 04 11624 9 Robert Dankoff An Ottoman Mentality The World of Evliya Celebi Leiden E J Brill 2004 Klaus Kreiser Evliya Celebi 1 eds C Kafadar H Karateke C Fleischer October 2005 Evliya Celebi Selected Stories by Evliya Celebi edited by Zeynep Ustun translated by Havva Aslan Profil Yayincilik Istanbul 2007 ISBN 978 975 996 072 8 Winter Michael 2017 The Conquest of Syria and Egypt by Sultan Selim I according to Evliya Celebi In Conermann Stephan Sen Gul eds The Mamlik Ottoman Transition Bonn University Press Fotic Aleksandar 2021 Receptions of Evliya Celebi s Seyahatname in Serbian Historiography and Challenges of the Original Manuscript Evliya Celebi in the Borderlands New Insights and Novel Approaches to the Seyahatname Zagreb Srednja Europa pp 149 163 In German Edit Helena Turkova Die Reisen und Streifzuge Evliya Celebis in Dalmatien und Bosnien in den Jahren 1659 61 Prag 1965 Klaus Kreiser Edirne im 17 Jahrhundert nach Evliya Celebi Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der osmanischen Stadt Freiburg 1975 ISBN 3 87997 045 9 Im Reiche des Goldenen Apfels Des turkischen Weltenbummlers Evlia Celebis denkwurdige Reise in das Giaurenland und die Stadt und Festung Wien anno 1665 Trans R Kreutel Graz et al 1987 Ins Land der geheimnisvollen Func des turkischen Weltenbummlers Evliya Celebi Reise durch Oberagypten und den Sudan nebst der osmanischen Provinz Habes in den Jahren 1672 73 Trans Erich Prokosch Graz Styria 1994 Evliya Celebis Anatolienreise aus dem dritten Band des Seyaḥatname Trans Korkut M Bugday New York E J Brill 1996 Evliya Celebis Reise von Bitlis nach Van ein Auszug aus dem Seyahatname Trans Christiane Bulut Wiesbaden Harrassowitz 1997 Manisa nach Evliya Celebi aus dem neunten Band des Seyaḥat name Trans Nuran Tezcan Boston Brill 1999 Kairo in der zweiten Halfte des 17 Jahrhunderts Beschrieben von Evliya Celebi Trans Erich Prokosch Istanbul 2000 ISBN 975 7172 35 9External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evliya Celebi Ottoman text edition 1896 Buy a Domain Name World s Best Domains For Sale Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Evliya Celebi amp oldid 1131926700, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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