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2023 Canadian wildfires

Beginning in March 2023, and with increased intensity starting in June, Canada was affected by a record-setting series of wildfires. All 13 provinces and territories were affected, with large fires in Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. The 2023 wildfire season had the most area burned in Canada's recorded history, surpassing the 1989, 1995, and 2014 fire seasons,[5][2] as well as in recorded North American history, surpassing the 2020 Western US wildfire season.[6][7]

Canadian wildfires of 2023
Date(s)March 1, 2023—November 2023
LocationCanada (all 13 provinces and territories)[1] and subsequent spillover into the Northern United States
Statistics
Total fires6,551[2] (as of October 6, 2023)
Total area18.496 million ha (45.70 million acres)[2] (as of October 6, 2023)
Impacts
Deaths6[3]
Evacuated155,856 people[4] (as of July 7, 2023)
Map
Perimeters of 2023 Canadian wildfires - season to date (map data)

As of October 6, 6,551 fires had burned 184,961 square kilometres (71,414 sq mi; 45,705,000 acres),[2] about 5% of the entire forest area of Canada,[8] and more than six times the long-term average of 27,300 square kilometres for that time of the year.[1] As of October 6, there were 772 wildfires active, 346 of which were deemed "out of control".[9] International aid helped reduce the impact of the fires.[10][11]

Smoke emitted from the wildfires caused air quality alerts and evacuations in Canada and the United States.[12] In late June, the smoke crossed the Atlantic, reaching Europe.[13][14]

Many of the largest fires were under control by July, including fires which had funnelled June smoke into the Eastern Seaboard. However, significant fires continued well into the fall season, with several major fires breaking out in September.[15] Moderate-to-severe drought conditions from British Columbia to northern Ontario also continued into fall.[16] As of mid-October, the total acreage burnt was more than 2.5 times the previous record.[17]

Background edit

The frequency, intensity, and timing of wildfires in Canada have changed over time. In general, since the 1970s and 1980s, the total annual number of wildfires has decreased but the area burned in Canada has increased.[18] Since 1959, the number of large fires greater than 200 ha (490 acres) has increased and the average fire season has become longer by about two weeks.[19] In Canada, wildfire season usually starts in May.[20] The 2023 fires have been compared to the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire[21][22] and the 2021 Lytton wildfire.[23]

Due to climate change, weather has been warmer and drier, raising wildfire risk as vegetation is more flammable under these conditions.[18][24][25][23] Wind from a passing cold front during the week of May 18 exacerbated the fire risk.[23] Canadian Minister of Public Safety Bill Blair said: "These conditions, this early in the season, are unprecedented. Due to climate change, similar extreme weather events may continue to increase in both frequency and severity across our country."[26] Following the Quebec wildfires, an analysis by World Weather Attribution showed that in Quebec, because of climate change, fire weather is twice as likely to occur and 20% more intense.[27] The 2023 Western North America heat wave exacerbated the wildfires in Alberta.[28][29]

Forest management is also a factor in the wildfires. Because Canada's forest management has focused on fire suppression, dry vegetation has accumulated on the forest floor.[30] Canada has generally stopped performing controlled burns, which help reduce the risk of larger and more dangerous fires.[31][32] It is difficult to get permission for controlled burns, especially for Indigenous groups who have historically performed them and are disproportionately affected by wildfires.[33][34] Canada lacks a national firefighting service, and local resources are stretched thin due to budget cuts.[34]

Roughly half of all wildfires in Canada are caused by lightning; due to climate change, lightning-caused fires are happening more frequently, and lightning strikes are expected to double by the end of the century.[18][35][36] In terms of wildfire acreage, lightning-caused fires account for about 85% of land burned.[37][38] Lightning-caused fires often happen in clusters in remote locations.[39] The other half of wildfires in Canada are human-caused, often unintentionally sparked[40][41] by things such as discarded cigarette butts,[37] abandoned smouldering campfires,[42] sparks from braking trains, off road vehicles, and land clearing activities.[41] While false claims of arson have gained traction on social media, arson is generally a minor cause of wildfires in Canada.[43][44]

Pollution due to a global increase in wildfires has created widespread, long-term impacts on human health.[45] Due to wildfire emissions, Canada broke its record for annual carbon emissions in late June.[46] As of late August, the wildfires had released 327–355 megatonnes of carbon into the atmosphere.[47][48] According to Merritt Turetsky, a carbon cycle scientist, this is a "vicious cycle" as warming is associated with drier vegetation, drier vegetation ignites more rapidly, greenhouse gases are released, and greenhouse gases "wind up in the atmosphere, [causing] more warming".[48]

About 150 fires managed to continue smoldering underground over the relatively low-snow winter, and re-ignite in 2024.[49]

Wildfires edit

 
The area burned in 2023 was more than twice that of any year since 1983.[50]

Alberta edit

 
Alberta, covered in wildfire smoke (May 2023)

In May, Alberta was the province most impacted by wildfires.[20][51] Most large wildfires in Alberta in 2023 were triggered by lightning.[37] On May 6, the province of Alberta declared a provincial state of emergency.[52][53] By May 7, 108 active fires were burning in the province.[54] The provincial state of emergency ended on June 3.[55] As of June 7, the province said there had been 591 reported wildfires in the province since March.[56]

High Level Forest Area edit

Two fires that were out of control in the High Level Forest Area were active on 15 May.[57]

HWF-036, named the Long Lake Fire, is a rapidly growing fire classified as out of control. It is the largest fire in the province during the 2023 wildfire season, currently having an active burning area of 108,402 hectares (267,867 acres).[57] It was started just south of the Rainbow Lake Airport and initially grew to the northwest. However, due to multiple wind shifts over the following week, the fire began to spread in an eastward direction. On May 13, the fire made a 25-kilometer run towards the community of Chateh. This also resulted in Rainbow Lake being surrounded in all directions by the wildfire, as well as power and cell service being cut off. Alberta Wildfire, the Rainbow Lake Fire Department and other fire crews from Alaska and Ontario are working together to prevent the growth of the fire.[58] They deployed 83 firefighters, four helicopters and other heavy equipment by May 15.[59]

HWF-030, named the Paskwa Fire, is another out of control fire spreading eastward due to extreme conditions. It is currently at an active burning area of 35,285 hectares (87,191 acres). It is located within the community of Fox Lake, and is located 13 kilometres from the community of Garden River. The fire remains south of the Peace River. The extreme weather conditions are making it hard for firefighters and aircraft to assist the fire. 76 firefighters and 13 helicopters have been deployed as well as heavy equipment. A state of local emergency was declared for Fox Lake, followed by an evacuation order on May 3. An evacuation alert for Garden River was issued on May 13.[59] Over 100 structures have been destroyed in the community of Fox Lake as of May 11, 2023.

HWF-042 was under control at 181 hectares (447 acres) on May 6. It was 1 kilometre (1 mi) north of the Highway 88 bridge over the Peace River. Highway 88 was closed on the afternoon of May 6 until one lane was opened later that day.[60] Twelve firefighters and seven helicopters, heavy equipment and airtankers worked to prevent the fire from spreading further. The fire has since been classified as under control.[citation needed]

Official name Date Location Status Area burned
HWF-042 May 6 1 km (0.62 mi) N of Peace River Under Control 181 hectares (447 acres)
HWF-036 May 3 Rainbow Lake Being Held 203,022 hectares (501,678 acres)
HWF-030 May 2 Fox Lake Under Control 96,582 hectares (238,659 acres)

British Columbia edit

 
Kiskatinaw River wildfire in British Columbia (June 2023)

British Columbia saw an unusual lack of rain in May and early June, leading to increased wildfire conditions in the province.[61] In British Columbia, 72% of wildfires in 2023 were triggered by natural causes, while the remainder were due to human activity.[62] In a study of British Columbia's 2017 fire season, researchers found that human-caused climate change had a strong influence on the amount of area burned.[63]

In early June, the province saw multiple wildfires in or near Peachland and on Vancouver Island near both Port Alberni and Sayward.[64] As of June 2, there were 54 active fires in the region.[61] Officials estimated about half of the province's wildfires were caused by human action.[64] In the west of Vancouver Island, highway access to the towns of Port Alberni, Tofino, and Ucluelet was cut off for more than two weeks due to the Cameron Bluffs wildfire.[65]

 
Donnie Creek fire (May 2023)

In northeastern British Columbia, the Donnie Creek wildfire became the single largest wildfire in BC history. It attained this status on June 18. By June 24, the fire was burning over an area of greater than 5,648 square kilometres (2,180 square miles).[66][67][68]

There were 377 active wildfires in British Columbia as of July 15, including 20 that were classified as "highly visible, threatening or potentially damaging 'wildfires of note'".[69] Unruly blazes destroyed properties and closed parts of the Trans-Canada highway .[70]

Between July and Oct 21, much of BC had seen less than a quarter of usual rainfall, with Vancouver at 10% and Victoria, British Columbia recording only 2 millimetres of rain instead of its normal average of 132 mm. As of Oct 21, there were still 202 active wildfires.[71]

Manitoba edit

As of June 6, there had been 70 fires in Manitoba, below the province's average number for that point in the season.[72] Compared to past years, human caused fires were less frequent, with lightning causing the majority.[72]

As of May 27, there were six active wildfires in the province, including a fire near Cross Lake First Nation and Pimicikamak Cree Nation.[73]

On June 2, Manitoba only had three wildfires active in the province.[74] Lightning over June 3 and 4 raised the total fire count to 12 by June 5, and to 14 by June 6. Of those, four were considered out of control.[72][74]

On June 6, officials were focused on monitoring and containing fires near Little Grand Rapids, Pauingassi First Nation, and St. Theresa Point First Nation.[72]

On September 1, fires were still burning.[citation needed]

New Brunswick edit

New Brunswick had experienced 177 wildfires as of June 7, with four still active, including fires in West Branch, Alnwick Parish, and Valley Road in Kars.[56]

A fire near Saint Andrews, which had started on May 28, was brought under control on June 5.[75]

Newfoundland and Labrador edit

Newfoundland and Labrador saw 34 wildfires before May 1, far outpacing the 2022 season, which saw only 2 fires in that same period.[76][77] This was attributed to dry conditions.[77] Between May 1 and 19, 19 other fires were recorded.[76] Wet conditions in early June created a low fire risk for Newfoundland, allowing water bombers from Newfoundland to be deployed to assist with firefighting efforts in Labrador, Nova Scotia and Quebec.[78]

On June 8, there were 72 active wildfires in the province.[79]

Northwest Territories edit

 
Enterprise, Northwest Territories after the wildfires (August 2023)
 
Wildfires surrounding Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (August 2023)

On June 7, there were eleven active wildfires in the Northwest Territories.[56] At that point, there had been 21 total fires, affecting 403,815 hectares (997,850 acres).[56] By August 15, there were over 230 wildfires throughout the territory.[80] By August 17, they were within 17 km (11 mi) of the capital city, Yellowknife, leading to an evacuation order.[81] The wildfires caused telecommunication and internet signals to be cut off throughout the South Slave Region, which led to concerns about the feasibility of a safe evacuation.[82][83]

By August 23, wildfires in the territory had produced 97 megatonnes of carbon, accounting for roughly a fourth of the total 327 megatonnes produced by Canada's wildfires in 2023.[47]

Nova Scotia edit

 
Plume of smoke from Nova Scotia's Barrington Lake wildfire (May 2023)

Nova Scotia saw the largest recorded wildfires in its history.[84] On average, in Nova Scotia, only about 3% of wildfires are caused by lightning, with the remaining being caused by human activity.[85] Of those caused by human activity, about a third of Nova Scotia's fires are caused by people on or near their own property, and about a quarter are caused by arson.[85] On June 1, there were four out-of-control fires in the province.[84]

In suburban Halifax, an estimated 200 structures were destroyed by fire.[84] By June 1, the Halifax fire was 50% contained, but was not considered under control.[84] At the time, no missing people or injuries from the Halifax fire were reported.[84] By June 4, the Halifax fire was 100% contained.[86] The Barrington Lake fire in Shelburne County, which started May 27, covered 230 square kilometres (89 sq mi) at its largest. On June 7, officials announced it was successfully contained.[87] As of June 7, the fire had destroyed 60 residences and 150 other structures.[87]

Barrington Lake wildfire edit

 
Barrington Lake wildfire

A major wildfire started around May 27, 2023, near Barrington Lake in Shelburne County.[88] The fire has burned around 23,015 hectares (56,871 acres) and between 30 and 40 structures have been destroyed.[89][90] The response to the fire included widespread evacuation orders of the surrounding area, displacing around 5000 people.[91] This wildfire is the largest recorded in the history of Nova Scotia.[85][92]

Efforts to stop the fire includes the use of American water bombers and additional firefighters from the U.S. and Costa Rica.[85]

Tantallon wildfire edit

A second major wildfire in the Tantallon area was first reported at 3:30 pm on May 28, 2023.[93] It spread rapidly through the Westwood Hills subdivision throughout the evening. The fire burned through 950 hectares (2,300 acres) as of June 2.[94] Halifax mayor Mike Savage described the response to the fire as "unprecedented" in the area.[95] Approximately 16,400 people were placed under mandatory evacuation orders in the surrounding areas. Preliminary reports stated that approximately 151 houses were destroyed and 50 other structures were damaged or destroyed.[96][97] As of June 3 the fire was declared "largely contained" with help from the Canadian military and a heavy rainstorm.[98]

Ontario edit

 
Comparison of smoke over Toronto during May and June.

Smoke from the fires caused air quality in Ottawa, Toronto,[99] as well as most of Southern Ontario on June 5–7 to hit the highest level on Environment Canada's Air Quality Health Index, the worst in the province of Ontario.[100][101] Air quality also hit the highest level in Kingston and Belleville, Ontario.[102]

Smoke from the fires descended on Ottawa once again on June 25–26, reaching the maximum level by 11 am. This forced the city of Ottawa to cancel outdoor programs, races at the Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival were cancelled, as were activities at the Ottawa Summer Solstice Indigenous Festival.[103]

On June 28, the air quality in Toronto ranked among the worst in the world and once again reached the highest level on Environment Canada's Air Quality Health Index. This forced a number of city-run outdoor recreation programs to move indoors.[104]

Quebec edit

 
Old Quebec covered in wildfire smoke (June 2023)

Quebec has been particularly hard hit during the 2023 wildfire season, with more frequent wildfires than in the past, and fewer resources and experience with which to fight them.[105] It has seen the most area burned of any province with 5.2 million ha (13 million acres).[106] As of June 10, the province had reported 446 fires, compared to the average of 212 for the same date.[107]

On June 8, 137 fires were active in Quebec and 54 in Ontario.[79]

On the afternoon of June 25, Montreal had the worst air quality in the world due to wildfire smoke in the region; several cultural and sporting events were cancelled or postponed in response.[108]

Saskatchewan edit

 
Wildfires in Saskatchewan (June 2023)

Like other regions, Saskatchewan had a dry spring, leading to increased risk for wildfires.[109] By May 25, the province had seen 187 fires; the five-year average for that point in the season is 111.[93] Firefighting crews struggled due to heavy smoke, which made it difficult both for crews to travel and to monitor the fires.[110]

Some communities, although not directly in the path of any fires, lost power due to fires in the region, particularly from May 14 to 17.[91][111]

Domestic impacts edit

Evacuations edit

Alberta evacuations edit

Multiple settlements were placed under evacuation orders, resulting in over 29,000 Albertans being evacuated by May 7.[54][112] On May 11, at least 300 members of the Canadian Armed Forces were sent to different parts of Alberta to help.[113]

Evacuation orders were issued for multiple communities throughout the province. On April 29, mandatory evacuation orders were issued for the towns of Evansburg and Entwistle, due to two wildfires in their vicinity.[114] The evacuation order was lifted on May 3, only for it to be reinstated on May 4, due to the fires increasing in size.[115]

The community of Fox Lake, on the Fox Lake 162 reserve, was issued an evacuation order May 3, with all residents being evacuated by May 5. As of May 11, the local police station, general store, and at least 100 homes had been destroyed by fire.[116] The town of Drayton Valley, approximately 133 km (83 mi) southwest of Edmonton, was issued an evacuation order on May 4. The local fire department reported that one structure had been lost.[117]

On May 5, the hamlet of Nordegg and the Big Horn 144A reserve were issued an evacuation order due to nearby wildfires.[118] Also on May 5, evacuation orders were issued for the town of Edson due to multiple nearby wildfires.[119] On May 6, the town of Fox Creek and the hamlet of Little Smoky were issued an evacuation order.[120]

On May 13, the community of Chateh issued an evacuation order due to the Long Lake Fire (HWF-036) making a 25 km (16 mi) run toward the community.[121] On May 14, the community of Chipewyan Lake was issued an evacuation order due to an out-of-control wildfire starting north of the community.

Residents of Rainbow Lake were allowed to return on June 2.[55]

More than 3,000 Albertans remained under evacuation orders as of June 8.[122] On June 9, residents of Edson and Yellowhead County were asked to evacuate.[107]

British Columbia evacuations edit

In early May, some British Columbia residents evacuated their homes due to out-of-control wildfires there.[54] Around May 22, residents were evacuated from near Tzenzaicut Lake, which is about 600 km (373 mi) north of Vancouver.[123] In early June, officials recommended that British Columbians be prepared to evacuate if need be.[124] On June 7, the community of One Island Lake was evacuated.[125] On June 8, the community of Tumbler Ridge was evacuated.[126] As of July 15, there were nearly 70 evacuation orders across the province.[69]

In August, premier David Eby declared a state of emergency as the city of West Kelowna was evacuated when the McDougall Creek wildfire grew to cover 6,800 hectares.[127] The campus of UBC Okanagan and some nearby suburbs were placed under evacuation order.[128] Overall, at least 35,000 people were under evacuation order and another 30,000 under evacuation alert, as of August 19.[70]

Manitoba evacuations edit

Approximately 7,000 members of the Pimicikamak Cree Nation were evacuated on May 24; most residents were able to return by May 26.[129][130]

Northwest Territories evacuations edit

The Katl'odeeche First Nation (Hay River Reserve) and the residents of Hay River were evacuated on May 14. The 3,000 residents of Hay River were allowed to return on May 24, while the 300 members of the K'at'lodeeche First Nation were not able to return until June 7.[131] On May 31, the residents of Sambaa K'e were evacuated to Fort Simpson.[132]

On August 14, authorities in the Northwest Territories declared a state of emergency and issued another evacuation order to communities throughout the Dehcho, South Slave, and North Slave Regions, including those in Behchokǫ̀, Enterprise, Fort Smith, Hay River, Kakisa, the Kátł'odeeche First Nation and Jean Marie River.[133][134][80] Hundreds of people were airlifted out of the wildfire zone with the assistance of the Canadian Armed Forces.[134][135] Stanton Territorial Hospital ramped down its health services and began sending some of its patients to St. Albert, Alberta.[136][137]

 
Wildfires near Enterprise and Hay River (August 2023)

By the evening of August 15, Yellowknife itself began issuing precautionary evacuation alerts to parts of the city, as the wildfire began drawing closer.[138] On the same day, Michael St Amour, the mayor of Enterprise, said that between 85–90% of his town was destroyed by the fires.[139] On the evening of August 16, evacuation orders were issued for Yellowknife, N’dilo, Dettah, and Ingraham Trail, affecting an estimated 22,000 people.[81]

On August 19, 2023, 87% of Yellowknife was evacuated by 6:58 am (ET), with only 2,600 of the original 20,000 remaining, 1,000 of which were essential workers.[140] By August 21, 68% of the population of the Northwest Territories had been evacuated.[141]

Air Canada and WestJet were initially criticized for high prices and unwaived cancellation fees for flights to and from Yellowknife; they had since changed policies to alleviate financial burden for evacuees as of August 17. Both carriers also increased the number of flights to Yellowknife.[142]

The evacuation order for Yellowknife, Dettah and N’dilo was rescinded September 6, and people began to return to Yellowknife later that day.[143] An estimated 1,000 people had been flown home by September 8.[144]

Nova Scotia evacuations edit

In late May, the communities of Hammonds Plains, Pockwock, and Upper Tantallon were put under evacuation orders.[145] 16,000 residents were evacuated from Halifax.[84] The Halifax Regional Municipality opened several centres for evacuees. On June 2, some residents were permitted to briefly return to their homes to survey damage. Due to safety risks, none were allowed to return permanently.[146][147] This was a source of frustration for evacuees, along with what some residents deemed to be "communication failures" from the provincial government.[147]

Residents near Shelburne were evacuated on May 31; the total number of evacuees from Shelburne County numbered about 5,000.[84] Several local farmers also evacuated their animals to the county's exhibition grounds.[87] Nova Scotia provided free camping at several locations for people displaced by the fire in Shelburne.[148]

Quebec evacuations edit

 
Chibougamau, Quebec, clouded in smoke from the Nord-du-Québec wildfires (June 2023)
 
Huge clouds of smoke caused by wildfires in Quebec (June 2023)

As of June 4, 14,000 residents had been evacuated from their homes in Quebec.[149] On June 6, 7,500 residents were evacuated from Chibougamau, the largest town in Northern Quebec.[150] On June 7, the nearby Cree Nation of Mistissini was asked to evacuate, and the Cree Nation of Waswanipi began evacuating of their own accord.[151]

On June 6, Quebec's Public Security Ministry announced a large evacuation alert for the province, prompting towns such as Chapais to immediately evacuate citizens.[152] The mayor of Lebel-sur-Quévillon, where about 2,100 people (or the entire city's population) were forced from their homes, stated that the fires were as close as 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city.[153]

On June 23, more than 300 residents were evacuated from Val-Paradis, Beaucanton and Lac Pajegasque; they were permitted to return on June 25.[5] On June 23 the Cree community of Mistissini asked residents to evacuate for the second time that month.[154] The Atikamekw of Opitciwan were allowed to return on June 26.[5]

Saskatchewan evacuations edit

On May 15, 535 residents of Buffalo Narrows evacuated.[91] Other evacuated communities included the Buffalo River Dene Nation, the English River First Nation, the Lac La Ronge Indian Band, and the Canoe Lake First Nation.[91]

By May 18, the Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency (SPSA) was supporting around 1,000 evacuees from effected regions of the province, who were temporarily housed in Lloydminster, North Battleford, and Regina.[91] Support provided included food, clothing, housing, and other required services.[91] The number of evacuees at the time was higher than 1,000, as the SPSA was not supporting individuals who evacuated of their own accord or who made separate housing plans.[91]

Many residents in Deschambault Lake evacuated in mid-May.[93] Evacuees from Île-à-la-Crosse and Buffalo Narrows received assistance from the University of Regina.[93]

Other domestic impacts edit

Economic edit

In mid-May, oil companies in Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan curbed production as a precautionary measure in parts of the provinces; this in turn drove up the price of oil.[155]

Political edit

The wildfires impacted the Alberta general election scheduled for May 29, 2023. The Alberta New Democratic Party announced the party would stop campaigning in the seven ridings hit particularly hard by the fires: Drayton Valley-Devon, Lesser Slave Lake, Central Peace-Notley, Lac Ste. Anne-Parkland, Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville, West Yellowhead, and Grande Prairie-Wapiti.[156]

International effects edit

United States edit

 
The Empire State Building seen from the ground on June 7, 2023

May edit

In May, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency issued several alerts for poor air quality due to smoke from Alberta and Saskatchewan fires[157][158] and ground-level ozone.[159][160][161] Smoke from the Alberta wildfires led to air quality alerts in Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, and Washington by May 21.[162][51]

June edit

 
the New York City skyline on June 6, 2023 as seen from Hoboken
 
The Statue of Liberty on June 7, 2023

On June 2, smoke from the Nova Scotia wildfires affected air quality in Washington, D.C., and the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.[84] The smoke from wildfires in Quebec[163] drifted into the Northeastern United States on June 5–6 and triggered air quality alerts for most of New York, Connecticut and some of the surrounding states, as well as the Midwestern states of Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.[164][165] The smoke on June 6 was estimated by one Stanford researcher to have been the third-worst in the country since 2006.[166] On June 6 and 7, solar farms in the Northeast and Midwest dropped production by around or more than 50% due to the smoke.[167] By the night of June 6, New York City had the worst air pollution of any major city in the world; by the morning of June 7 it had fallen to second place, behind Delhi.[168][169][170] This also marked the city's worst air quality since the 1960s and also since the 1966 New York City smog.[171]

By June 7, air quality alerts also went out to residents in the Delaware Valley in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, and to additional areas in New England.[172][173] In total, approximately 128 million Americans were under air quality alerts by the evening of June 7.[166] The air quality index surpassed 400 in New York City; Syracuse, New York; Princeton Junction, New Jersey; and the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania.[171][150] After a brief respite, New York City's air quality returned to being the worst of any major city in the world.[166]

On June 7, New York City officials announced plans to distribute one million N95 masks.[166][150][174] Several airline flights to and from New York City, New Jersey, and Washington, D.C. were delayed or cancelled;[175] by the afternoon, the Federal Aviation Administration halted all flights going to LaGuardia Airport in New York City, citing visibility concerns.[150][171][176] Schools across New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut announced closures.[171] All bridges connecting Staten Island to New Jersey had their speed limits reduced to 30 mph (48 km/h) due to low visibility from the wildfire smoke.[177] Major League Baseball, the National Women's Soccer League, and the Women's National Basketball Association postponed games scheduled to be held in New York City, New Jersey, and Philadelphia the night of June 7.[150][178] The Public Theater cancelled its June 8 and 9 Shakespeare in the Park performances of Hamlet.[166] On Broadway, performances of Camelot, Hamilton, and Prima Facie were cancelled due to the poor air quality.[179][180]

 
Wildfire smoke in Minneapolis

On the morning of June 8, air quality was worst throughout the area surrounding Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C., and Trenton, New Jersey.[181][182] Philadelphia's air quality levels reached their worst levels since 1999.[183] New York City climbed into the worst tier of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's six-tier air quality index, causing Governor Kathy Hochul to call it an "emergency crisis".[171] Flights continued to be delayed for planes bound for Newark, New York City, and Philadelphia, with delays for Charlotte and Dallas also expected.[184][185][186] United Airlines issued travel waivers to impacted passengers.[185] Horse racing at Belmont Park in New York was cancelled,[187] and Major League Baseball also postponed a game in Washington D.C. that night.[188] The Bronx Zoo closed on June 8 due to smoke.[189]

New York City public high schools and the School District of Philadelphia announced they would switch to virtual learning on June 9, due to poor air quality.[166][190][191] By June 11, air quality alerts were still active in New York City, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, but air quality had substantially improved from earlier in the week.[192]

On June 14, an air quality alert was issued for Minnesota due to dangerous air quality levels affecting the state. The air quality in Minneapolis reached 256 at 6:00 pm that day.[193] On June 27, the smoke spread over the Midwest, causing Chicago to suffer from the worst air quality in the world, reaching 228 AQI.[194] Michigan and Pennsylvania were also affected,[195] and sent out air quality alerts to residents.[196][197] Air quality alerts were issued for 80 million people in the US.[198]

Europe edit

 
Smoke over Spain and Portugal on June 27, 2023

The wildfire smoke also drifted to Europe; as of May 23–25, it was mainly located over Scandinavia.[199][200] On June 8, Iceland and Greenland were affected by drifting smoke,[201] with forecasts suggesting Norway would also be affected over the next few days.[202][201] As of June 9, smoke in Europe was not dense enough to have harmful effects on health.[203][204]

On June 25, the smoke reached the Azores; by June 26, it reached Western Europe, specifically France, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom.[205] As the smoke was higher in the atmosphere, it did not affect air quality as it did in the United States, but forecasts predicted it could lead to more vivid sunrises and sunsets and hazy skies.[205][206]

Fatalities edit

Six people, four of them firefighters, died due to the wildfires.[3] On July 11, a 9-year-old boy in 100 Mile House, B.C., died after suffering an asthma attack worsened by wildfire smoke.[207] On July 13, a firefighter for the B.C. Wildfire Service was killed by a falling tree.[208][209] On July 15, a firefighter for the Northwest Territories Forest Management Service died when he was struck by a falling tree.[210] On July 19, a firefighter was killed when his Bell 205A helicopter crashed as he was bucketing water as part of firefighting operations in northwestern Alberta.[211][212] A contract firefighter was fatally injured in the Prince George Fire Centre region on July 28.[213] On August 18, a hospital patient from Yellowknife, N.W.T., died during the evacuation of the city.[214] Additionally, on September 19, four contract crew members died in a vehicle crash with a semi-truck near Walhachin, B.C., as they returned from a shift working on fires in the Vanderhoof region.[215]

Domestic government responses edit

“My wife and I were deeply concerned to learn of the wildfires ravaging communities in Western Canada. We send our most special thoughts and prayers to all those who have been displaced and who have lost their homes, businesses, or property. We would also like to express our deepest admiration to the first responders and volunteers who have been working to bring the fires under control, while also supporting their neighbours and communities in need.

We hold many fond memories of our visits to Western Canada and know that those affected will rise to this challenge with customary Canadian strength, resilience, and determination."[216]

Charles III, King of Canada, May 11, 2023

In Alberta edit

On May 9, the government of Yukon sent 21 firefighters to assist crews in Alberta. The team returned to Yukon on May 24. Another 21-person team returned to Alberta on May 31.[217] On May 11, at least 300 members of the Canadian Armed Forces were also sent to different parts of Alberta to help.[218]

In British Columbia edit

The province planned to put campfire bans in place on June 8, to stay in effect until October.[125][219][needs update] International fire crews also came to British Columbia from five countries. Natural Resources Canada, with its Fire Weather Index, also tracked the wildfires and issued warnings.[124] On 18 August, the province imposed an emergency, giving officials more power to deal with fire risks.[70]

On August 20, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the Armed Forces would help with evacuation in B.C.[220] Trudeau visited the province on August 25 to meet with community leaders dealing with the wildfires.[221]

In Manitoba edit

Travel restrictions were placed in southeastern Manitoba on May 27.[73] Provincial burn permits for the area were cancelled, with the exception of burn permits for essential operations that had been approved by a conservation officer and which had had a site inspection.[73]

The government of Manitoba was not sending firefighters to assist other provinces in early June, due to concerns about Manitoba's fire risk.[72]

In the Northwest Territories edit

 
Vehicles driving out of NWT; forests on left side of road had burnt down

Although Nova Scotia sent a team of 20 firefighters to the NWT on May 25, they were recalled on May 29 due to the worsening wildfire situation in their home province.[145] On June 6, the Canadian government announced that they and the Government of the Northwest Territories would match United Way donations for disaster relief in the region.[222]

Smoke from the wildfires caused highways in the territory to be shut down,[82] with the NWT government stating that "[h]ighway travel is not an option as a way out" due to dangerous conditions, instead saying "[y]our safest way out is on the plane, NOW. GO TO THE AIRPORT NOW."[134] Kandis Jameson, the mayor of Hay River, urged residents on August 15 to "find transport out of [town] immediately," describing their situation as "life-threatening."[82] On August 19, NWT Premier Caroline Cochrane announced that she had evacuated to Alberta to avoid taking up a space on one of the last planes to leave.[214]

On August 14, Shane Thompson, the NWT Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, described the scale of the fires as "unprecedented" and "unlike anything we’ve ever experienced."[133]

In Nova Scotia edit

To prevent further fires, all open fires were banned province-wide on May 29. On May 30, hiking, camping, fishing, and the use of vehicles in the woods were banned in all forests in the province until June 25, or until conditions allow them to be lifted. The Halifax Regional Municipality also closed all heavily wooded city parks on May 31.[223]

All schools in Shelburne County and several schools in Halifax Regional Municipality were closed in response to the fires.[224]

In late-May, New London, Prince Edward Island sent a team of four firefighters to assist crews in Nova Scotia.[225] On May 29, Newfoundland and Labrador sent two waterbombers to the province.[226] In early June, a six-person team from Alberta came to the province to assist in assessing fire damage to property and infrastructure.[87]

Financial relief edit

The provincial government issued an initial emergency payment of $500 to all evacuated households in the immediate aftermath of the fires.[227] Additionally, the Canadian government established a donation matching program with the Nova Scotian government and the Canadian Red Cross to support those affected by the fires.[228]

On June 7, the provincial government announced it would give a one-time grant of $2,500 to registered farmers in Halifax and Shelburne County who had been under mandatory evacuation orders.[87]

Aftermath edit

Delays of up to three years in rebuilding houses are expected due to the province's construction backlog.[229]

In Saskatchewan edit

The provincial government put a fire ban in place on May 16; it was lifted on May 24 due to improving conditions.[93]

On May 19, the SPSA announced they would provide financial aid to residents impacted by fire-related power outages.[111]

The government of Quebec sent two amphibious tankers to the province to assist with firefighting efforts.[111]

Government strategies for future fires edit

The Canadian government has outlined a first line of actions that could help avoid or mitigate wildfires in future seasons:

  • Training 300 Indigenous firefighters and 125 Indigenous fire guardians[230]
  • Training firefighters to respond to fires in the wildland-urban interface[230]
  • Launching a satellite mission (WildFireSat, currently planned for 2029) dedicated to monitoring fires[230][231]
  • Building wildland fire knowledge through research and pilot projects on fire risk reduction measures[230]
  • Creating a dedicated centre to help transform wildland fire management[230]
  • Growing the Canadian Armed Forces to allow for better response to disasters[232]

Other reactions edit

International responses edit

On May 8, 22 firefighters from the Oregon Department of Forestry were sent to Alberta to assist in fire control efforts,[233] and on June 6, Quebec Premier François Legault announced that 200 French and American firefighters would travel to Quebec to help fight the wildfires, and that the province was in negotiations with Chile, Costa Rica, and Portugal to find more resources.[234] On June 7, the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre said that 950 firefighters and other personnel had travelled from other countries (including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States) to provide aid.[150] On June 8, the European Commission announced they would be sending more than 280 firefighters from France, Spain, and Portugal.[122] New York governor Kathy Hochul announced the state would send seven firefighters over the course of two weeks, per the request of Canada.[166]

Around 5,000 firefighters from multiple countries arrived in Canada as of June 14, with more expected to arrive from Chile and Costa Rica. Prime Minister Trudeau said that Canadian firefighters would also help other countries, saying that "fire seasons aren't always aligned and that allows for a travelling of resources that is part of how we're going to make sure we're protecting communities all around the world."[11]

Facebook blocking wildfire news stories edit

In response to the Online News Act, Meta (owner of Facebook) began blocking access to news sites for Canadian users at the beginning of August 2023.[235][236] This also extended to local Canadian news stories about the wildfires,[237] a decision that was heavily criticized by Trudeau, local government officials, academics, researchers, and evacuees.[238][239][240] Trudeau accused Facebook of "putting corporate profits ahead of people’s safety," with Premier of British Columbia David Eby expressing similar sentiments.[238]

Evacuees who fled the Northwest Territories wildfires described the difficulty they faced attempting to share news (made worse by an already "barren" media landscape in the territory),[241] as many relied on Facebook to communicate their situation.[237] Ollie Williams of Yellowknife's Cabin Radio said that users had to resort to posting screenshots of news stories, as posting news directly would result in the link getting blocked.[240][237]

Meta responded to these criticisms by stating that Canadians "can continue to use our technologies to connect with their communities and access reputable information […] from official government agencies, emergency services and non-governmental organizations," and encouraged them to use Facebook's Safety Check feature.[238][241]

Conspiracy theories edit

Conspiracy theories have been promoted about the cause of the wildfires by climate change deniers, with arson, pyrotechnic drones, directed-energy weapons and space lasers being among the supposed causes.[242][243] These conspiracy theories have gone viral on social media platforms such as TikTok.[244]

In June, conspiracy theorists shared a TikTok video claiming that satellite footage showed the fires started spreading "at the same time" and that they were therefore caused deliberately.[245][246] France 24 noted that the fires started over a period of twelve hours.[246] Another TikTok video showed a helicopter carrying out backburning to get the fire under control, falsely claiming that it was the cause of the fires.[242] Some social media users also falsely suggested that the haze seen over the United States was caused by ammonium nitrate instead of the wildfires.[247]

Canadian former National Hockey League player Theo Fleury suggested on Twitter that governments are lying about the nature of climate change to facilitate "climate lockdowns".[242] People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier accused "green terrorism" of starting the fires.[242][243]

In early 2024, a Quebec man who posted conspiracy theories claiming the fires were started deliberately pled guilty to setting 14 fires himself, the largest of which burned over 872 hectares.[248]

Fire progression edit

  Date    Area burned, in ha[1][note 1]
Apr 26 1,266 1266
 
Apr 27 1,443 1443
 
May 1 5,894 5894
 
May 2 5,678 5678
 
May 3 6,737 6737
 
May 4 14,994 14994
 
May 5 56,092 56092
 
May 6 375,185 375185
 
May 7 432,535 432535
 
May 8 443,817 443817
 
May 9 462,773 462773
 
May 10 477,613 477613
 
May 11 505,907 505907
 
May 12 511,794 511794
 
May 13 542,406 542406
 
May 14 670,020 670020
 
May 15 726,594 726594
 
May 16 1,017,139 1017139
 
May 17 1,275,957 1275957
 
May 18 1,351,581 1351581
 
May 19 1,499,216 1499216
 
May 20 1,973,991 1973991
 
May 21 1,698,994 1698994
 
May 22 1,714,863 1714863
 
May 23 1,876,101 1876101
 
May 24 2,043,529 2043529
 
May 25 2,067,298 2067298
 
May 26 2,078,533 2078533
 
May 27 2,195,863 2195863
 
May 28 2,889,471 2889471
 
May 29 2,414,113 2414113
 
May 30 2,560,629 2560629
 
May 31 2,728,769 2728769
 
Jun 1 2,851,501 2851501
 
Jun 2 2,986,417 2986417
 
Jun 3 3,287,459 3287459
 
Jun 4 3,304,749 3304749
 
Jun 5 3,571,727 3571727
 
Jun 6 3,701,470 3701470
 
Jun 8 4,319,045 4319045
 
Jun 9 4,499,084 4499084
 
Jun 10 4,614,997 4614997
 
Jun 11 4,740,948 4740948
 
Jun 12 4,808,108 4808108
 
Jun 13 5,106,234 5106234
 
Jun 14 5,291,261 5291261
 
Jun 15 5,403,358 5403358
 
Jun 16 5,449,454 5449454
 
Jun 17 5,799,392 5799392
 
Jun 18 5,792,184 5792184
 
Jun 19 5,824,993 5824993
 
Jun 20 5,888,016 5888016
 
Jun 21 5,958,026 5958026
 
Jun 22 6,257,052 6257052
 
Jun 23 6,731,792 6731792
 
Jun 24 7,146,653 7146653
 
Jun 25 7,236,001 7236001
 
Jun 26 7,563,045 7563045
 
Jun 27 7,790,469 7790469
 
Jun 28 7,974,865 7974865
 
Jun 29 8,140,908 8140908
 
Jun 30 8,160,309 8160309
 
Jul 1 8,793,725 8793725
 
Jul 2 8,332,604 8332604
 
Jul 3 8,418,750 8418750
 
Jul 4 8,484,483 8484483
 
Jul 5 8,782,952 8782952
 
Jul 6 8,855,838 8855838
 
Jul 7 8,928,358 8928358
 
Jul 8 9,124,238 9124238
 
Jul 9 9,215,125 9215125
 
Jul 10 9,333,743 9333743
 
Jul 11 9,506,770 9506770
 
Jul 12 9,694,800 9694800
 
Jul 13 9,419,818 9419818
 
Jul 14 9,718,096 9718096
 
Jul 15 9,994,359 9994359
 
Jul 16 10,005,903 10005903
 
Jul 17 10,193,171 10193171
 
Jul 18 10,938,881 10938881
 
Jul 19 10,971,638 10971638
 
Jul 20 11,140,735 11140735
 
Jul 21 11,362,697 11362697
 
Jul 22 11,348,381 11348381
 
Jul 23 11,506,693 11506693
 
Jul 24 11,655,972 11655972
 
Jul 25 11,994,987 11994987
 
Jul 26 12,145,200 12145200
 
Jul 27 12,230,949 12230949
 
Jul 28 12,266,697 12266697
 
Jul 29 12,281,385 12281385
 
Jul 30 12,315,837 12315837
 
Jul 31 12,586,645 12586645
 
Aug 1 13,000,784 13000784
 
Aug 2 13,074,988 13074988
 
Aug 3 13,092,367 13092367
 
Aug 4 13,123,362 13123362
 
Aug 5 13,020,356 13020356
 
Aug 6 13,076,056 13076056
 
Aug 7 13,272,851 13272851
 
Aug 8 13,280,599 13280599
 
Aug 9 13,319,485 13319485
 
Aug 10 13,392,707 13392707
 
Aug 11 13,475,670 13475670
 
Aug 12 13,129,948 13129948
 
Aug 13 13,161,600 13161600
 
Aug 14 13,189,644 13189644
 
Aug 15 13,231,376 13231376
 
Aug 16 13,678,162 13678162
 
Aug 17 13,749,167 13749167
 
Aug 18 13,972,393 13972393
 
Aug 19 13,944,486 13944486
 
Aug 20 14,001,313 14001313
 
Aug 21 15,050,098 15050098
 
Aug 22 15,325,405 15325405
 
Aug 23 15,407,441 15407441
 
Aug 24 14,991,791 14991791
 
Aug 25 14,854,402 14854402
 
Aug 26 14,867,937 14867937
 
Aug 27 15,050,434 15050434
 
Aug 28 15,161,476 15161476
 
Aug 29 15,196,368 15196368
 
Aug 30 15,239,780 15239780
 
Aug 31 15,583,272 15583272
 
Sep 1 16,071,488 16071488
 
Sep 2 16,128,924 16128924
 
Sep 3 16,363,947 16363947
 
Sep 4 16,441,400 16441400
 
Sep 5 16,466,514 16466514
 
Sep 6 16,515,356 16515356
 
Sep 7 16,564,616 16564616
 
Sep 8 16,757,658 16757658
 
Sep 9 16,962,723 16962723
 
Sep 10 16,964,048 16964048
 
Sep 11 16,983,588 16983588
 
Sep 12 17,047,648 17047648
 
Sep 13 17,330,903 17330903
 
Sep 14 17,347,576 17347576
 
Sep 15[note 2] 17,359,816 17359816
 
Sep 20 17,577,396 17577396
 
Sep 27[note 3] 17,874,112 17874112
 
Oct 6 18,496,051 18496051
 

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The numbers are estimates, based on data published in near real-time. They might not be completely consistent from one day to the next.
  2. ^ This was the last daily update of the 2023 fire season. From here till the end of September, the numbers were updated weekly.
  3. ^ Last regular situation report of the season. Only occasional updates are published after this.

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External links edit

  • Government of the Northwest Territories – Wildfire Update | Environment and Climate Change

2023, canadian, wildfires, beginning, march, 2023, with, increased, intensity, starting, june, canada, affected, record, setting, series, wildfires, provinces, territories, were, affected, with, large, fires, alberta, british, columbia, northwest, territories,. Beginning in March 2023 and with increased intensity starting in June Canada was affected by a record setting series of wildfires All 13 provinces and territories were affected with large fires in Alberta British Columbia the Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Ontario and Quebec The 2023 wildfire season had the most area burned in Canada s recorded history surpassing the 1989 1995 and 2014 fire seasons 5 2 as well as in recorded North American history surpassing the 2020 Western US wildfire season 6 7 Canadian wildfires of 2023Top to bottom left to right Wildfires in QuebecEnterprise Northwest Territories after being burnt to the groundWildfire smoke in CalgaryWildfire smoke in OntarioMap of carbon monoxide concentration caused by wildfire smokeDate s March 1 2023 November 2023LocationCanada all 13 provinces and territories 1 and subsequent spillover into the Northern United StatesStatisticsTotal fires6 551 2 as of October 6 2023 Total area18 496 million ha 45 70 million acres 2 as of October 6 2023 ImpactsDeaths6 3 Evacuated155 856 people 4 as of July 7 2023 MapPerimeters of 2023 Canadian wildfires season to date map data As of October 6 6 551 fires had burned 184 961 square kilometres 71 414 sq mi 45 705 000 acres 2 about 5 of the entire forest area of Canada 8 and more than six times the long term average of 27 300 square kilometres for that time of the year 1 As of October 6 there were 772 wildfires active 346 of which were deemed out of control 9 International aid helped reduce the impact of the fires 10 11 Smoke emitted from the wildfires caused air quality alerts and evacuations in Canada and the United States 12 In late June the smoke crossed the Atlantic reaching Europe 13 14 Many of the largest fires were under control by July including fires which had funnelled June smoke into the Eastern Seaboard However significant fires continued well into the fall season with several major fires breaking out in September 15 Moderate to severe drought conditions from British Columbia to northern Ontario also continued into fall 16 As of mid October the total acreage burnt was more than 2 5 times the previous record 17 Contents 1 Background 2 Wildfires 2 1 Alberta 2 1 1 High Level Forest Area 2 2 British Columbia 2 3 Manitoba 2 4 New Brunswick 2 5 Newfoundland and Labrador 2 6 Northwest Territories 2 7 Nova Scotia 2 7 1 Barrington Lake wildfire 2 7 2 Tantallon wildfire 2 8 Ontario 2 9 Quebec 2 10 Saskatchewan 3 Domestic impacts 3 1 Evacuations 3 1 1 Alberta evacuations 3 1 2 British Columbia evacuations 3 1 3 Manitoba evacuations 3 1 4 Northwest Territories evacuations 3 1 5 Nova Scotia evacuations 3 1 6 Quebec evacuations 3 1 7 Saskatchewan evacuations 3 2 Other domestic impacts 3 2 1 Economic 3 2 2 Political 4 International effects 4 1 United States 4 1 1 May 4 1 2 June 4 2 Europe 5 Fatalities 6 Domestic government responses 6 1 In Alberta 6 2 In British Columbia 6 3 In Manitoba 6 4 In the Northwest Territories 6 5 In Nova Scotia 6 5 1 Financial relief 6 5 2 Aftermath 6 6 In Saskatchewan 6 7 Government strategies for future fires 7 Other reactions 7 1 International responses 7 2 Facebook blocking wildfire news stories 7 3 Conspiracy theories 8 Fire progression 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 External linksBackground editThe frequency intensity and timing of wildfires in Canada have changed over time In general since the 1970s and 1980s the total annual number of wildfires has decreased but the area burned in Canada has increased 18 Since 1959 the number of large fires greater than 200 ha 490 acres has increased and the average fire season has become longer by about two weeks 19 In Canada wildfire season usually starts in May 20 The 2023 fires have been compared to the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire 21 22 and the 2021 Lytton wildfire 23 Due to climate change weather has been warmer and drier raising wildfire risk as vegetation is more flammable under these conditions 18 24 25 23 Wind from a passing cold front during the week of May 18 exacerbated the fire risk 23 Canadian Minister of Public Safety Bill Blair said These conditions this early in the season are unprecedented Due to climate change similar extreme weather events may continue to increase in both frequency and severity across our country 26 Following the Quebec wildfires an analysis by World Weather Attribution showed that in Quebec because of climate change fire weather is twice as likely to occur and 20 more intense 27 The 2023 Western North America heat wave exacerbated the wildfires in Alberta 28 29 Forest management is also a factor in the wildfires Because Canada s forest management has focused on fire suppression dry vegetation has accumulated on the forest floor 30 Canada has generally stopped performing controlled burns which help reduce the risk of larger and more dangerous fires 31 32 It is difficult to get permission for controlled burns especially for Indigenous groups who have historically performed them and are disproportionately affected by wildfires 33 34 Canada lacks a national firefighting service and local resources are stretched thin due to budget cuts 34 Roughly half of all wildfires in Canada are caused by lightning due to climate change lightning caused fires are happening more frequently and lightning strikes are expected to double by the end of the century 18 35 36 In terms of wildfire acreage lightning caused fires account for about 85 of land burned 37 38 Lightning caused fires often happen in clusters in remote locations 39 The other half of wildfires in Canada are human caused often unintentionally sparked 40 41 by things such as discarded cigarette butts 37 abandoned smouldering campfires 42 sparks from braking trains off road vehicles and land clearing activities 41 While false claims of arson have gained traction on social media arson is generally a minor cause of wildfires in Canada 43 44 Pollution due to a global increase in wildfires has created widespread long term impacts on human health 45 Due to wildfire emissions Canada broke its record for annual carbon emissions in late June 46 As of late August the wildfires had released 327 355 megatonnes of carbon into the atmosphere 47 48 According to Merritt Turetsky a carbon cycle scientist this is a vicious cycle as warming is associated with drier vegetation drier vegetation ignites more rapidly greenhouse gases are released and greenhouse gases wind up in the atmosphere causing more warming 48 About 150 fires managed to continue smoldering underground over the relatively low snow winter and re ignite in 2024 49 Wildfires edit nbsp The area burned in 2023 was more than twice that of any year since 1983 50 Alberta edit nbsp Alberta covered in wildfire smoke May 2023 In May Alberta was the province most impacted by wildfires 20 51 Most large wildfires in Alberta in 2023 were triggered by lightning 37 On May 6 the province of Alberta declared a provincial state of emergency 52 53 By May 7 108 active fires were burning in the province 54 The provincial state of emergency ended on June 3 55 As of June 7 the province said there had been 591 reported wildfires in the province since March 56 High Level Forest Area edit Two fires that were out of control in the High Level Forest Area were active on 15 May 57 HWF 036 named the Long Lake Fire is a rapidly growing fire classified as out of control It is the largest fire in the province during the 2023 wildfire season currently having an active burning area of 108 402 hectares 267 867 acres 57 It was started just south of the Rainbow Lake Airport and initially grew to the northwest However due to multiple wind shifts over the following week the fire began to spread in an eastward direction On May 13 the fire made a 25 kilometer run towards the community of Chateh This also resulted in Rainbow Lake being surrounded in all directions by the wildfire as well as power and cell service being cut off Alberta Wildfire the Rainbow Lake Fire Department and other fire crews from Alaska and Ontario are working together to prevent the growth of the fire 58 They deployed 83 firefighters four helicopters and other heavy equipment by May 15 59 HWF 030 named the Paskwa Fire is another out of control fire spreading eastward due to extreme conditions It is currently at an active burning area of 35 285 hectares 87 191 acres It is located within the community of Fox Lake and is located 13 kilometres from the community of Garden River The fire remains south of the Peace River The extreme weather conditions are making it hard for firefighters and aircraft to assist the fire 76 firefighters and 13 helicopters have been deployed as well as heavy equipment A state of local emergency was declared for Fox Lake followed by an evacuation order on May 3 An evacuation alert for Garden River was issued on May 13 59 Over 100 structures have been destroyed in the community of Fox Lake as of May 11 2023 HWF 042 was under control at 181 hectares 447 acres on May 6 It was 1 kilometre 1 mi north of the Highway 88 bridge over the Peace River Highway 88 was closed on the afternoon of May 6 until one lane was opened later that day 60 Twelve firefighters and seven helicopters heavy equipment and airtankers worked to prevent the fire from spreading further The fire has since been classified as under control citation needed Official name Date Location Status Area burned HWF 042 May 6 1 km 0 62 mi N of Peace River Under Control 181 hectares 447 acres HWF 036 May 3 Rainbow Lake Being Held 203 022 hectares 501 678 acres HWF 030 May 2 Fox Lake Under Control 96 582 hectares 238 659 acres British Columbia edit nbsp Kiskatinaw River wildfire in British Columbia June 2023 British Columbia saw an unusual lack of rain in May and early June leading to increased wildfire conditions in the province 61 In British Columbia 72 of wildfires in 2023 were triggered by natural causes while the remainder were due to human activity 62 In a study of British Columbia s 2017 fire season researchers found that human caused climate change had a strong influence on the amount of area burned 63 In early June the province saw multiple wildfires in or near Peachland and on Vancouver Island near both Port Alberni and Sayward 64 As of June 2 there were 54 active fires in the region 61 Officials estimated about half of the province s wildfires were caused by human action 64 In the west of Vancouver Island highway access to the towns of Port Alberni Tofino and Ucluelet was cut off for more than two weeks due to the Cameron Bluffs wildfire 65 nbsp Donnie Creek fire May 2023 In northeastern British Columbia the Donnie Creek wildfire became the single largest wildfire in BC history It attained this status on June 18 By June 24 the fire was burning over an area of greater than 5 648 square kilometres 2 180 square miles 66 67 68 There were 377 active wildfires in British Columbia as of July 15 including 20 that were classified as highly visible threatening or potentially damaging wildfires of note 69 Unruly blazes destroyed properties and closed parts of the Trans Canada highway 70 Between July and Oct 21 much of BC had seen less than a quarter of usual rainfall with Vancouver at 10 and Victoria British Columbia recording only 2 millimetres of rain instead of its normal average of 132 mm As of Oct 21 there were still 202 active wildfires 71 Manitoba edit As of June 6 there had been 70 fires in Manitoba below the province s average number for that point in the season 72 Compared to past years human caused fires were less frequent with lightning causing the majority 72 As of May 27 there were six active wildfires in the province including a fire near Cross Lake First Nation and Pimicikamak Cree Nation 73 On June 2 Manitoba only had three wildfires active in the province 74 Lightning over June 3 and 4 raised the total fire count to 12 by June 5 and to 14 by June 6 Of those four were considered out of control 72 74 On June 6 officials were focused on monitoring and containing fires near Little Grand Rapids Pauingassi First Nation and St Theresa Point First Nation 72 On September 1 fires were still burning citation needed New Brunswick edit New Brunswick had experienced 177 wildfires as of June 7 with four still active including fires in West Branch Alnwick Parish and Valley Road in Kars 56 A fire near Saint Andrews which had started on May 28 was brought under control on June 5 75 Newfoundland and Labrador edit Newfoundland and Labrador saw 34 wildfires before May 1 far outpacing the 2022 season which saw only 2 fires in that same period 76 77 This was attributed to dry conditions 77 Between May 1 and 19 19 other fires were recorded 76 Wet conditions in early June created a low fire risk for Newfoundland allowing water bombers from Newfoundland to be deployed to assist with firefighting efforts in Labrador Nova Scotia and Quebec 78 On June 8 there were 72 active wildfires in the province 79 Northwest Territories edit nbsp Enterprise Northwest Territories after the wildfires August 2023 nbsp Wildfires surrounding Yellowknife Northwest Territories August 2023 On June 7 there were eleven active wildfires in the Northwest Territories 56 At that point there had been 21 total fires affecting 403 815 hectares 997 850 acres 56 By August 15 there were over 230 wildfires throughout the territory 80 By August 17 they were within 17 km 11 mi of the capital city Yellowknife leading to an evacuation order 81 The wildfires caused telecommunication and internet signals to be cut off throughout the South Slave Region which led to concerns about the feasibility of a safe evacuation 82 83 By August 23 wildfires in the territory had produced 97 megatonnes of carbon accounting for roughly a fourth of the total 327 megatonnes produced by Canada s wildfires in 2023 47 Nova Scotia edit nbsp Plume of smoke from Nova Scotia s Barrington Lake wildfire May 2023 Nova Scotia saw the largest recorded wildfires in its history 84 On average in Nova Scotia only about 3 of wildfires are caused by lightning with the remaining being caused by human activity 85 Of those caused by human activity about a third of Nova Scotia s fires are caused by people on or near their own property and about a quarter are caused by arson 85 On June 1 there were four out of control fires in the province 84 In suburban Halifax an estimated 200 structures were destroyed by fire 84 By June 1 the Halifax fire was 50 contained but was not considered under control 84 At the time no missing people or injuries from the Halifax fire were reported 84 By June 4 the Halifax fire was 100 contained 86 The Barrington Lake fire in Shelburne County which started May 27 covered 230 square kilometres 89 sq mi at its largest On June 7 officials announced it was successfully contained 87 As of June 7 the fire had destroyed 60 residences and 150 other structures 87 Barrington Lake wildfire edit nbsp Barrington Lake wildfire A major wildfire started around May 27 2023 near Barrington Lake in Shelburne County 88 The fire has burned around 23 015 hectares 56 871 acres and between 30 and 40 structures have been destroyed 89 90 The response to the fire included widespread evacuation orders of the surrounding area displacing around 5000 people 91 This wildfire is the largest recorded in the history of Nova Scotia 85 92 Efforts to stop the fire includes the use of American water bombers and additional firefighters from the U S and Costa Rica 85 Tantallon wildfire edit A second major wildfire in the Tantallon area was first reported at 3 30 pm on May 28 2023 93 It spread rapidly through the Westwood Hills subdivision throughout the evening The fire burned through 950 hectares 2 300 acres as of June 2 94 Halifax mayor Mike Savage described the response to the fire as unprecedented in the area 95 Approximately 16 400 people were placed under mandatory evacuation orders in the surrounding areas Preliminary reports stated that approximately 151 houses were destroyed and 50 other structures were damaged or destroyed 96 97 As of June 3 the fire was declared largely contained with help from the Canadian military and a heavy rainstorm 98 Ontario edit nbsp Comparison of smoke over Toronto during May and June Smoke from the fires caused air quality in Ottawa Toronto 99 as well as most of Southern Ontario on June 5 7 to hit the highest level on Environment Canada s Air Quality Health Index the worst in the province of Ontario 100 101 Air quality also hit the highest level in Kingston and Belleville Ontario 102 Smoke from the fires descended on Ottawa once again on June 25 26 reaching the maximum level by 11 am This forced the city of Ottawa to cancel outdoor programs races at the Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival were cancelled as were activities at the Ottawa Summer Solstice Indigenous Festival 103 On June 28 the air quality in Toronto ranked among the worst in the world and once again reached the highest level on Environment Canada s Air Quality Health Index This forced a number of city run outdoor recreation programs to move indoors 104 Quebec edit nbsp Old Quebec covered in wildfire smoke June 2023 Quebec has been particularly hard hit during the 2023 wildfire season with more frequent wildfires than in the past and fewer resources and experience with which to fight them 105 It has seen the most area burned of any province with 5 2 million ha 13 million acres 106 As of June 10 the province had reported 446 fires compared to the average of 212 for the same date 107 On June 8 137 fires were active in Quebec and 54 in Ontario 79 On the afternoon of June 25 Montreal had the worst air quality in the world due to wildfire smoke in the region several cultural and sporting events were cancelled or postponed in response 108 Saskatchewan edit nbsp Wildfires in Saskatchewan June 2023 Like other regions Saskatchewan had a dry spring leading to increased risk for wildfires 109 By May 25 the province had seen 187 fires the five year average for that point in the season is 111 93 Firefighting crews struggled due to heavy smoke which made it difficult both for crews to travel and to monitor the fires 110 Some communities although not directly in the path of any fires lost power due to fires in the region particularly from May 14 to 17 91 111 Domestic impacts editEvacuations edit Alberta evacuations edit Multiple settlements were placed under evacuation orders resulting in over 29 000 Albertans being evacuated by May 7 54 112 On May 11 at least 300 members of the Canadian Armed Forces were sent to different parts of Alberta to help 113 Evacuation orders were issued for multiple communities throughout the province On April 29 mandatory evacuation orders were issued for the towns of Evansburg and Entwistle due to two wildfires in their vicinity 114 The evacuation order was lifted on May 3 only for it to be reinstated on May 4 due to the fires increasing in size 115 The community of Fox Lake on the Fox Lake 162 reserve was issued an evacuation order May 3 with all residents being evacuated by May 5 As of May 11 the local police station general store and at least 100 homes had been destroyed by fire 116 The town of Drayton Valley approximately 133 km 83 mi southwest of Edmonton was issued an evacuation order on May 4 The local fire department reported that one structure had been lost 117 On May 5 the hamlet of Nordegg and the Big Horn 144A reserve were issued an evacuation order due to nearby wildfires 118 Also on May 5 evacuation orders were issued for the town of Edson due to multiple nearby wildfires 119 On May 6 the town of Fox Creek and the hamlet of Little Smoky were issued an evacuation order 120 On May 13 the community of Chateh issued an evacuation order due to the Long Lake Fire HWF 036 making a 25 km 16 mi run toward the community 121 On May 14 the community of Chipewyan Lake was issued an evacuation order due to an out of control wildfire starting north of the community Residents of Rainbow Lake were allowed to return on June 2 55 More than 3 000 Albertans remained under evacuation orders as of June 8 122 On June 9 residents of Edson and Yellowhead County were asked to evacuate 107 British Columbia evacuations edit In early May some British Columbia residents evacuated their homes due to out of control wildfires there 54 Around May 22 residents were evacuated from near Tzenzaicut Lake which is about 600 km 373 mi north of Vancouver 123 In early June officials recommended that British Columbians be prepared to evacuate if need be 124 On June 7 the community of One Island Lake was evacuated 125 On June 8 the community of Tumbler Ridge was evacuated 126 As of July 15 there were nearly 70 evacuation orders across the province 69 In August premier David Eby declared a state of emergency as the city of West Kelowna was evacuated when the McDougall Creek wildfire grew to cover 6 800 hectares 127 The campus of UBC Okanagan and some nearby suburbs were placed under evacuation order 128 Overall at least 35 000 people were under evacuation order and another 30 000 under evacuation alert as of August 19 70 Manitoba evacuations edit Approximately 7 000 members of the Pimicikamak Cree Nation were evacuated on May 24 most residents were able to return by May 26 129 130 Northwest Territories evacuations edit The Katl odeeche First Nation Hay River Reserve and the residents of Hay River were evacuated on May 14 The 3 000 residents of Hay River were allowed to return on May 24 while the 300 members of the K at lodeeche First Nation were not able to return until June 7 131 On May 31 the residents of Sambaa K e were evacuated to Fort Simpson 132 On August 14 authorities in the Northwest Territories declared a state of emergency and issued another evacuation order to communities throughout the Dehcho South Slave and North Slave Regions including those in Behchokǫ Enterprise Fort Smith Hay River Kakisa the Katl odeeche First Nation and Jean Marie River 133 134 80 Hundreds of people were airlifted out of the wildfire zone with the assistance of the Canadian Armed Forces 134 135 Stanton Territorial Hospital ramped down its health services and began sending some of its patients to St Albert Alberta 136 137 nbsp Wildfires near Enterprise and Hay River August 2023 By the evening of August 15 Yellowknife itself began issuing precautionary evacuation alerts to parts of the city as the wildfire began drawing closer 138 On the same day Michael St Amour the mayor of Enterprise said that between 85 90 of his town was destroyed by the fires 139 On the evening of August 16 evacuation orders were issued for Yellowknife N dilo Dettah and Ingraham Trail affecting an estimated 22 000 people 81 On August 19 2023 87 of Yellowknife was evacuated by 6 58 am ET with only 2 600 of the original 20 000 remaining 1 000 of which were essential workers 140 By August 21 68 of the population of the Northwest Territories had been evacuated 141 Air Canada and WestJet were initially criticized for high prices and unwaived cancellation fees for flights to and from Yellowknife they had since changed policies to alleviate financial burden for evacuees as of August 17 Both carriers also increased the number of flights to Yellowknife 142 The evacuation order for Yellowknife Dettah and N dilo was rescinded September 6 and people began to return to Yellowknife later that day 143 An estimated 1 000 people had been flown home by September 8 144 Nova Scotia evacuations edit In late May the communities of Hammonds Plains Pockwock and Upper Tantallon were put under evacuation orders 145 16 000 residents were evacuated from Halifax 84 The Halifax Regional Municipality opened several centres for evacuees On June 2 some residents were permitted to briefly return to their homes to survey damage Due to safety risks none were allowed to return permanently 146 147 This was a source of frustration for evacuees along with what some residents deemed to be communication failures from the provincial government 147 Residents near Shelburne were evacuated on May 31 the total number of evacuees from Shelburne County numbered about 5 000 84 Several local farmers also evacuated their animals to the county s exhibition grounds 87 Nova Scotia provided free camping at several locations for people displaced by the fire in Shelburne 148 Quebec evacuations edit nbsp Chibougamau Quebec clouded in smoke from the Nord du Quebec wildfires June 2023 nbsp Huge clouds of smoke caused by wildfires in Quebec June 2023 As of June 4 14 000 residents had been evacuated from their homes in Quebec 149 On June 6 7 500 residents were evacuated from Chibougamau the largest town in Northern Quebec 150 On June 7 the nearby Cree Nation of Mistissini was asked to evacuate and the Cree Nation of Waswanipi began evacuating of their own accord 151 On June 6 Quebec s Public Security Ministry announced a large evacuation alert for the province prompting towns such as Chapais to immediately evacuate citizens 152 The mayor of Lebel sur Quevillon where about 2 100 people or the entire city s population were forced from their homes stated that the fires were as close as 10 km 6 2 mi from the city 153 On June 23 more than 300 residents were evacuated from Val Paradis Beaucanton and Lac Pajegasque they were permitted to return on June 25 5 On June 23 the Cree community of Mistissini asked residents to evacuate for the second time that month 154 The Atikamekw of Opitciwan were allowed to return on June 26 5 Saskatchewan evacuations edit On May 15 535 residents of Buffalo Narrows evacuated 91 Other evacuated communities included the Buffalo River Dene Nation the English River First Nation the Lac La Ronge Indian Band and the Canoe Lake First Nation 91 By May 18 the Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency SPSA was supporting around 1 000 evacuees from effected regions of the province who were temporarily housed in Lloydminster North Battleford and Regina 91 Support provided included food clothing housing and other required services 91 The number of evacuees at the time was higher than 1 000 as the SPSA was not supporting individuals who evacuated of their own accord or who made separate housing plans 91 Many residents in Deschambault Lake evacuated in mid May 93 Evacuees from Ile a la Crosse and Buffalo Narrows received assistance from the University of Regina 93 Other domestic impacts edit Economic edit In mid May oil companies in Alberta British Columbia and Saskatchewan curbed production as a precautionary measure in parts of the provinces this in turn drove up the price of oil 155 Political edit The wildfires impacted the Alberta general election scheduled for May 29 2023 The Alberta New Democratic Party announced the party would stop campaigning in the seven ridings hit particularly hard by the fires Drayton Valley Devon Lesser Slave Lake Central Peace Notley Lac Ste Anne Parkland Fort Saskatchewan Vegreville West Yellowhead and Grande Prairie Wapiti 156 International effects editUnited States edit nbsp The Empire State Building seen from the ground on June 7 2023 May edit In May the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency issued several alerts for poor air quality due to smoke from Alberta and Saskatchewan fires 157 158 and ground level ozone 159 160 161 Smoke from the Alberta wildfires led to air quality alerts in Colorado Montana Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wisconsin and Washington by May 21 162 51 June edit nbsp the New York City skyline on June 6 2023 as seen from Hoboken nbsp The Statue of Liberty on June 7 2023 On June 2 smoke from the Nova Scotia wildfires affected air quality in Washington D C and the states of Maryland Pennsylvania and Virginia 84 The smoke from wildfires in Quebec 163 drifted into the Northeastern United States on June 5 6 and triggered air quality alerts for most of New York Connecticut and some of the surrounding states as well as the Midwestern states of Minnesota Michigan and Wisconsin 164 165 The smoke on June 6 was estimated by one Stanford researcher to have been the third worst in the country since 2006 166 On June 6 and 7 solar farms in the Northeast and Midwest dropped production by around or more than 50 due to the smoke 167 By the night of June 6 New York City had the worst air pollution of any major city in the world by the morning of June 7 it had fallen to second place behind Delhi 168 169 170 This also marked the city s worst air quality since the 1960s and also since the 1966 New York City smog 171 By June 7 air quality alerts also went out to residents in the Delaware Valley in Pennsylvania New Jersey and Delaware and to additional areas in New England 172 173 In total approximately 128 million Americans were under air quality alerts by the evening of June 7 166 The air quality index surpassed 400 in New York City Syracuse New York Princeton Junction New Jersey and the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania 171 150 After a brief respite New York City s air quality returned to being the worst of any major city in the world 166 On June 7 New York City officials announced plans to distribute one million N95 masks 166 150 174 Several airline flights to and from New York City New Jersey and Washington D C were delayed or cancelled 175 by the afternoon the Federal Aviation Administration halted all flights going to LaGuardia Airport in New York City citing visibility concerns 150 171 176 Schools across New York New Jersey and Connecticut announced closures 171 All bridges connecting Staten Island to New Jersey had their speed limits reduced to 30 mph 48 km h due to low visibility from the wildfire smoke 177 Major League Baseball the National Women s Soccer League and the Women s National Basketball Association postponed games scheduled to be held in New York City New Jersey and Philadelphia the night of June 7 150 178 The Public Theater cancelled its June 8 and 9 Shakespeare in the Park performances of Hamlet 166 On Broadway performances of Camelot Hamilton and Prima Facie were cancelled due to the poor air quality 179 180 nbsp Wildfire smoke in Minneapolis On the morning of June 8 air quality was worst throughout the area surrounding Pennsylvania Washington D C and Trenton New Jersey 181 182 Philadelphia s air quality levels reached their worst levels since 1999 183 New York City climbed into the worst tier of the United States Environmental Protection Agency s six tier air quality index causing Governor Kathy Hochul to call it an emergency crisis 171 Flights continued to be delayed for planes bound for Newark New York City and Philadelphia with delays for Charlotte and Dallas also expected 184 185 186 United Airlines issued travel waivers to impacted passengers 185 Horse racing at Belmont Park in New York was cancelled 187 and Major League Baseball also postponed a game in Washington D C that night 188 The Bronx Zoo closed on June 8 due to smoke 189 New York City public high schools and the School District of Philadelphia announced they would switch to virtual learning on June 9 due to poor air quality 166 190 191 By June 11 air quality alerts were still active in New York City Baltimore and Philadelphia but air quality had substantially improved from earlier in the week 192 On June 14 an air quality alert was issued for Minnesota due to dangerous air quality levels affecting the state The air quality in Minneapolis reached 256 at 6 00 pm that day 193 On June 27 the smoke spread over the Midwest causing Chicago to suffer from the worst air quality in the world reaching 228 AQI 194 Michigan and Pennsylvania were also affected 195 and sent out air quality alerts to residents 196 197 Air quality alerts were issued for 80 million people in the US 198 Europe edit nbsp Smoke over Spain and Portugal on June 27 2023 The wildfire smoke also drifted to Europe as of May 23 25 it was mainly located over Scandinavia 199 200 On June 8 Iceland and Greenland were affected by drifting smoke 201 with forecasts suggesting Norway would also be affected over the next few days 202 201 As of June 9 smoke in Europe was not dense enough to have harmful effects on health 203 204 On June 25 the smoke reached the Azores by June 26 it reached Western Europe specifically France Portugal Spain and the United Kingdom 205 As the smoke was higher in the atmosphere it did not affect air quality as it did in the United States but forecasts predicted it could lead to more vivid sunrises and sunsets and hazy skies 205 206 Fatalities editSix people four of them firefighters died due to the wildfires 3 On July 11 a 9 year old boy in 100 Mile House B C died after suffering an asthma attack worsened by wildfire smoke 207 On July 13 a firefighter for the B C Wildfire Service was killed by a falling tree 208 209 On July 15 a firefighter for the Northwest Territories Forest Management Service died when he was struck by a falling tree 210 On July 19 a firefighter was killed when his Bell 205A helicopter crashed as he was bucketing water as part of firefighting operations in northwestern Alberta 211 212 A contract firefighter was fatally injured in the Prince George Fire Centre region on July 28 213 On August 18 a hospital patient from Yellowknife N W T died during the evacuation of the city 214 Additionally on September 19 four contract crew members died in a vehicle crash with a semi truck near Walhachin B C as they returned from a shift working on fires in the Vanderhoof region 215 Domestic government responses edit My wife and I were deeply concerned to learn of the wildfires ravaging communities in Western Canada We send our most special thoughts and prayers to all those who have been displaced and who have lost their homes businesses or property We would also like to express our deepest admiration to the first responders and volunteers who have been working to bring the fires under control while also supporting their neighbours and communities in need We hold many fond memories of our visits to Western Canada and know that those affected will rise to this challenge with customary Canadian strength resilience and determination 216 Charles III King of Canada May 11 2023 In Alberta edit On May 9 the government of Yukon sent 21 firefighters to assist crews in Alberta The team returned to Yukon on May 24 Another 21 person team returned to Alberta on May 31 217 On May 11 at least 300 members of the Canadian Armed Forces were also sent to different parts of Alberta to help 218 In British Columbia edit The province planned to put campfire bans in place on June 8 to stay in effect until October 125 219 needs update International fire crews also came to British Columbia from five countries Natural Resources Canada with its Fire Weather Index also tracked the wildfires and issued warnings 124 On 18 August the province imposed an emergency giving officials more power to deal with fire risks 70 On August 20 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the Armed Forces would help with evacuation in B C 220 Trudeau visited the province on August 25 to meet with community leaders dealing with the wildfires 221 In Manitoba edit Travel restrictions were placed in southeastern Manitoba on May 27 73 Provincial burn permits for the area were cancelled with the exception of burn permits for essential operations that had been approved by a conservation officer and which had had a site inspection 73 The government of Manitoba was not sending firefighters to assist other provinces in early June due to concerns about Manitoba s fire risk 72 In the Northwest Territories edit nbsp Vehicles driving out of NWT forests on left side of road had burnt down Although Nova Scotia sent a team of 20 firefighters to the NWT on May 25 they were recalled on May 29 due to the worsening wildfire situation in their home province 145 On June 6 the Canadian government announced that they and the Government of the Northwest Territories would match United Way donations for disaster relief in the region 222 Smoke from the wildfires caused highways in the territory to be shut down 82 with the NWT government stating that h ighway travel is not an option as a way out due to dangerous conditions instead saying y our safest way out is on the plane NOW GO TO THE AIRPORT NOW 134 Kandis Jameson the mayor of Hay River urged residents on August 15 to find transport out of town immediately describing their situation as life threatening 82 On August 19 NWT Premier Caroline Cochrane announced that she had evacuated to Alberta to avoid taking up a space on one of the last planes to leave 214 On August 14 Shane Thompson the NWT Minister of Environment and Natural Resources described the scale of the fires as unprecedented and unlike anything we ve ever experienced 133 In Nova Scotia edit To prevent further fires all open fires were banned province wide on May 29 On May 30 hiking camping fishing and the use of vehicles in the woods were banned in all forests in the province until June 25 or until conditions allow them to be lifted The Halifax Regional Municipality also closed all heavily wooded city parks on May 31 223 All schools in Shelburne County and several schools in Halifax Regional Municipality were closed in response to the fires 224 In late May New London Prince Edward Island sent a team of four firefighters to assist crews in Nova Scotia 225 On May 29 Newfoundland and Labrador sent two waterbombers to the province 226 In early June a six person team from Alberta came to the province to assist in assessing fire damage to property and infrastructure 87 Financial relief edit The provincial government issued an initial emergency payment of 500 to all evacuated households in the immediate aftermath of the fires 227 Additionally the Canadian government established a donation matching program with the Nova Scotian government and the Canadian Red Cross to support those affected by the fires 228 On June 7 the provincial government announced it would give a one time grant of 2 500 to registered farmers in Halifax and Shelburne County who had been under mandatory evacuation orders 87 Aftermath edit Delays of up to three years in rebuilding houses are expected due to the province s construction backlog 229 In Saskatchewan edit The provincial government put a fire ban in place on May 16 it was lifted on May 24 due to improving conditions 93 On May 19 the SPSA announced they would provide financial aid to residents impacted by fire related power outages 111 The government of Quebec sent two amphibious tankers to the province to assist with firefighting efforts 111 Government strategies for future fires edit The Canadian government has outlined a first line of actions that could help avoid or mitigate wildfires in future seasons Training 300 Indigenous firefighters and 125 Indigenous fire guardians 230 Training firefighters to respond to fires in the wildland urban interface 230 Launching a satellite mission WildFireSat currently planned for 2029 dedicated to monitoring fires 230 231 Building wildland fire knowledge through research and pilot projects on fire risk reduction measures 230 Creating a dedicated centre to help transform wildland fire management 230 Growing the Canadian Armed Forces to allow for better response to disasters 232 Other reactions editInternational responses edit On May 8 22 firefighters from the Oregon Department of Forestry were sent to Alberta to assist in fire control efforts 233 and on June 6 Quebec Premier Francois Legault announced that 200 French and American firefighters would travel to Quebec to help fight the wildfires and that the province was in negotiations with Chile Costa Rica and Portugal to find more resources 234 On June 7 the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre said that 950 firefighters and other personnel had travelled from other countries including Australia New Zealand South Africa and the United States to provide aid 150 On June 8 the European Commission announced they would be sending more than 280 firefighters from France Spain and Portugal 122 New York governor Kathy Hochul announced the state would send seven firefighters over the course of two weeks per the request of Canada 166 Around 5 000 firefighters from multiple countries arrived in Canada as of June 14 with more expected to arrive from Chile and Costa Rica Prime Minister Trudeau said that Canadian firefighters would also help other countries saying that fire seasons aren t always aligned and that allows for a travelling of resources that is part of how we re going to make sure we re protecting communities all around the world 11 Facebook blocking wildfire news stories edit In response to the Online News Act Meta owner of Facebook began blocking access to news sites for Canadian users at the beginning of August 2023 235 236 This also extended to local Canadian news stories about the wildfires 237 a decision that was heavily criticized by Trudeau local government officials academics researchers and evacuees 238 239 240 Trudeau accused Facebook of putting corporate profits ahead of people s safety with Premier of British Columbia David Eby expressing similar sentiments 238 Evacuees who fled the Northwest Territories wildfires described the difficulty they faced attempting to share news made worse by an already barren media landscape in the territory 241 as many relied on Facebook to communicate their situation 237 Ollie Williams of Yellowknife s Cabin Radio said that users had to resort to posting screenshots of news stories as posting news directly would result in the link getting blocked 240 237 Meta responded to these criticisms by stating that Canadians can continue to use our technologies to connect with their communities and access reputable information from official government agencies emergency services and non governmental organizations and encouraged them to use Facebook s Safety Check feature 238 241 Conspiracy theories edit Conspiracy theories have been promoted about the cause of the wildfires by climate change deniers with arson pyrotechnic drones directed energy weapons and space lasers being among the supposed causes 242 243 These conspiracy theories have gone viral on social media platforms such as TikTok 244 In June conspiracy theorists shared a TikTok video claiming that satellite footage showed the fires started spreading at the same time and that they were therefore caused deliberately 245 246 France 24 noted that the fires started over a period of twelve hours 246 Another TikTok video showed a helicopter carrying out backburning to get the fire under control falsely claiming that it was the cause of the fires 242 Some social media users also falsely suggested that the haze seen over the United States was caused by ammonium nitrate instead of the wildfires 247 Canadian former National Hockey League player Theo Fleury suggested on Twitter that governments are lying about the nature of climate change to facilitate climate lockdowns 242 People s Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier accused green terrorism of starting the fires 242 243 In early 2024 a Quebec man who posted conspiracy theories claiming the fires were started deliberately pled guilty to setting 14 fires himself the largest of which burned over 872 hectares 248 Fire progression edit Date Area burned in ha 1 note 1 Apr 26 1 266 1266 Apr 27 1 443 1443 May 1 5 894 5894 May 2 5 678 5678 May 3 6 737 6737 May 4 14 994 14994 May 5 56 092 56092 May 6 375 185 375185 May 7 432 535 432535 May 8 443 817 443817 May 9 462 773 462773 May 10 477 613 477613 May 11 505 907 505907 May 12 511 794 511794 May 13 542 406 542406 May 14 670 020 670020 May 15 726 594 726594 May 16 1 017 139 1017139 May 17 1 275 957 1275957 May 18 1 351 581 1351581 May 19 1 499 216 1499216 May 20 1 973 991 1973991 May 21 1 698 994 1698994 May 22 1 714 863 1714863 May 23 1 876 101 1876101 May 24 2 043 529 2043529 May 25 2 067 298 2067298 May 26 2 078 533 2078533 May 27 2 195 863 2195863 May 28 2 889 471 2889471 May 29 2 414 113 2414113 May 30 2 560 629 2560629 May 31 2 728 769 2728769 Jun 1 2 851 501 2851501 Jun 2 2 986 417 2986417 Jun 3 3 287 459 3287459 Jun 4 3 304 749 3304749 Jun 5 3 571 727 3571727 Jun 6 3 701 470 3701470 Jun 8 4 319 045 4319045 Jun 9 4 499 084 4499084 Jun 10 4 614 997 4614997 Jun 11 4 740 948 4740948 Jun 12 4 808 108 4808108 Jun 13 5 106 234 5106234 Jun 14 5 291 261 5291261 Jun 15 5 403 358 5403358 Jun 16 5 449 454 5449454 Jun 17 5 799 392 5799392 Jun 18 5 792 184 5792184 Jun 19 5 824 993 5824993 Jun 20 5 888 016 5888016 Jun 21 5 958 026 5958026 Jun 22 6 257 052 6257052 Jun 23 6 731 792 6731792 Jun 24 7 146 653 7146653 Jun 25 7 236 001 7236001 Jun 26 7 563 045 7563045 Jun 27 7 790 469 7790469 Jun 28 7 974 865 7974865 Jun 29 8 140 908 8140908 Jun 30 8 160 309 8160309 Jul 1 8 793 725 8793725 Jul 2 8 332 604 8332604 Jul 3 8 418 750 8418750 Jul 4 8 484 483 8484483 Jul 5 8 782 952 8782952 Jul 6 8 855 838 8855838 Jul 7 8 928 358 8928358 Jul 8 9 124 238 9124238 Jul 9 9 215 125 9215125 Jul 10 9 333 743 9333743 Jul 11 9 506 770 9506770 Jul 12 9 694 800 9694800 Jul 13 9 419 818 9419818 Jul 14 9 718 096 9718096 Jul 15 9 994 359 9994359 Jul 16 10 005 903 10005903 Jul 17 10 193 171 10193171 Jul 18 10 938 881 10938881 Jul 19 10 971 638 10971638 Jul 20 11 140 735 11140735 Jul 21 11 362 697 11362697 Jul 22 11 348 381 11348381 Jul 23 11 506 693 11506693 Jul 24 11 655 972 11655972 Jul 25 11 994 987 11994987 Jul 26 12 145 200 12145200 Jul 27 12 230 949 12230949 Jul 28 12 266 697 12266697 Jul 29 12 281 385 12281385 Jul 30 12 315 837 12315837 Jul 31 12 586 645 12586645 Aug 1 13 000 784 13000784 Aug 2 13 074 988 13074988 Aug 3 13 092 367 13092367 Aug 4 13 123 362 13123362 Aug 5 13 020 356 13020356 Aug 6 13 076 056 13076056 Aug 7 13 272 851 13272851 Aug 8 13 280 599 13280599 Aug 9 13 319 485 13319485 Aug 10 13 392 707 13392707 Aug 11 13 475 670 13475670 Aug 12 13 129 948 13129948 Aug 13 13 161 600 13161600 Aug 14 13 189 644 13189644 Aug 15 13 231 376 13231376 Aug 16 13 678 162 13678162 Aug 17 13 749 167 13749167 Aug 18 13 972 393 13972393 Aug 19 13 944 486 13944486 Aug 20 14 001 313 14001313 Aug 21 15 050 098 15050098 Aug 22 15 325 405 15325405 Aug 23 15 407 441 15407441 Aug 24 14 991 791 14991791 Aug 25 14 854 402 14854402 Aug 26 14 867 937 14867937 Aug 27 15 050 434 15050434 Aug 28 15 161 476 15161476 Aug 29 15 196 368 15196368 Aug 30 15 239 780 15239780 Aug 31 15 583 272 15583272 Sep 1 16 071 488 16071488 Sep 2 16 128 924 16128924 Sep 3 16 363 947 16363947 Sep 4 16 441 400 16441400 Sep 5 16 466 514 16466514 Sep 6 16 515 356 16515356 Sep 7 16 564 616 16564616 Sep 8 16 757 658 16757658 Sep 9 16 962 723 16962723 Sep 10 16 964 048 16964048 Sep 11 16 983 588 16983588 Sep 12 17 047 648 17047648 Sep 13 17 330 903 17330903 Sep 14 17 347 576 17347576 Sep 15 note 2 17 359 816 17359816 Sep 20 17 577 396 17577396 Sep 27 note 3 17 874 112 17874112 Oct 6 18 496 051 18496051 See also edit nbsp Canada portal 2019 20 Australian bushfire season 2023 Canadian drought 2023 Hawaii wildfires Chinchaga fire Forests of Canada List of disasters in Canada List of fires in Canada List of largest fires of the 21st century New England s Dark Day Orange Skies Day 2023 Greek wildfiresNotes edit The numbers are estimates based on data published in near real time They might not be completely consistent from one day to the next This was the last daily update of the 2023 fire season From here till the end of September the numbers were updated weekly Last regular situation report of the season Only occasional updates are published after this References edit a b c Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre National Fire Situation Reports archive Retrieved October 6 2023 a b c d Fire Statistics Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre Retrieved October 6 2023 a b Livingston Ian October 18 2023 Canada s astonishing and record fire season finally slows down Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved April 4 2024 Wildfires in Canada have broken records for area burned evacuations and cost official says abcnews go com The Associated Press July 7 2023 Archived from the original on July 8 2023 Retrieved July 8 2023 a b c Forest fire centre declares 2023 worst year ever for Canadian wildfires The Globe and Mail June 26 2023 Archived from the original on June 27 2023 Retrieved June 28 2023 Dion Mathieu June 7 2023 Hundreds of Fires Are Out of Control in Canada s Worst Ever Season Bloomberg News Archived from the original on June 7 2023 Retrieved June 8 2023 The 7 largest wildfires in North American history PropertyCasualty360 Archived from the original on December 1 2020 Retrieved June 28 2023 The State of Canada s Forests Report Government of Canada June 11 2015 Archived from the original on July 19 2023 Retrieved August 1 2023 Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre Retrieved October 6 2023 Smellie Sarah June 12 2023 Nearly 350 firefighters from the EU will help battle relentless Canadian wildfires CTV News Archived from the original on June 16 2023 Retrieved June 16 2023 a b Canada will continue to rely on foreign firefighters as wildfires increase Trudeau CTV News The Canadian Press June 14 2023 Archived from the original on June 16 2023 Retrieved June 16 2023 A big swath of the U S is under red and purple air quality alerts from Canada s smoke npr org June 29 2023 Archived from the original on July 3 2023 Europe experiences significant transport of smoke from Canada wildfires atmosphere copernicus eu June 27 2023 Archived from the original on July 4 2023 Retrieved July 4 2023 Canadian Smoke Reaches Europe NASA June 26 2023 Archived from the original on July 2 2023 Retrieved July 2 2023 Canada s worst wildfire season on recordcbc ca Archived November 6 2023 at the Wayback Machine Monthly assessment mapsagriculture canada ca Archived November 6 2023 at the Wayback Machine Livingston Ian October 18 2023 Canada s astonishing and record fire season finally slows down The Washington Post Retrieved April 8 2024 a b c Shingler Benjamin Bruce Graeme How wildfires are changing in Canada CBC News Archived from the original on June 4 2023 Retrieved June 8 2023 Hanes Chelene C Wang Xianli Jain Piyush Parisien Marc Andre Little John M Flannigan Mike D November 16 2018 Fire regime changes in Canada over the last half century Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49 3 256 269 doi 10 1139 cjfr 2018 0293 ISSN 0045 5067 S2CID 91682728 Archived from the original on June 18 2023 Retrieved June 18 2023 a b Wildfires Rage in Western Canada National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service May 11 2023 Archived from the original on May 31 2023 Retrieved June 9 2023 Bilefsky Dan May 20 2023 A Canadian Armageddon Sets Parts of Western Canada on Fire The New York Times Archived from the original on June 3 2023 Retrieved June 9 2023 Chilukuri Siri May 20 2023 Wildfires have burned nearly 1 million acres in western Canada Grist Archived from the original on May 30 2023 Retrieved June 9 2023 a b c Leonard Diana 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evidence of arson and their claims got millions of views online These claims were debunked by meteorologist Wagstaffe who explained that a series of lightning strikes can cause many smouldering hotspots underneath rain moistened surface fuels and then when those surface fuels are all dried by the daytime wind simultaneously then they are all ignited into full blown fires simultaneously Wagstaffe also corrected the idea that controlled burns are state sponsored arson Gao Yuan Huang Wenzhong Yu Pei Xu Rongbin Yang Zhengyu Gasevic Danijela Ye Tingting Guo Yuming Li Shanshan March 2023 Long term impacts of non occupational wildfire exposure on human health A systematic review Environmental Pollution 320 121041 Bibcode 2023EPoll 32021041G doi 10 1016 j envpol 2023 121041 PMID 36639044 S2CID 255695901 Bennett Paige June 28 2023 Wildfire Emissions in Canada for First Half of 2023 Are Already Worse Than Any Full Year on Record Ecowatch Archived from the original on June 29 2023 Retrieved June 29 2023 a b Lamberink Liny August 28 2023 N W T fires have released 97 megatonnes of carbon says European agency 277 times what its people emit CBC News Archived from the original on August 31 2023 Retrieved August 31 2023 a b Freedman Andrew Canada s wildfire emissions skyrocket as fires spread Axios Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Retrieved October 11 2023 Hillary Andrews What are zombie fires Fox Weather Retrieved May 22 2024 Fire Statistics CIFFC net Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre CIFFC October 2023 Archived from the original on October 25 2023 Retrieved October 25 2023 Cited by Livingston Ian October 24 2023 Earth s climate shatters heat records These 5 charts show how The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 24 2023 a b Smoke from Canada wildfires prompts air quality alerts in Colorado Montana Associated Press May 21 2023 Archived from the original on June 2 2023 Retrieved June 7 2023 Canada s Alberta announces state of emergency over wildfires 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were caused deliberately France 24 June 15 2023 Archived from the original on July 25 2023 Retrieved July 25 2023 Roley Gwen June 22 2023 Canadian wildfire smoke changed sky s color not chemical release Agence France Presse Archived from the original on July 25 2023 Retrieved July 25 2023 Serebrin Jacob January 15 2024 Quebec man who blamed wildfires on government pleads guilty to setting 14 fires CBC ca Canadian Press Retrieved January 16 2024 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2023 wildfires in Canada Government of the Northwest Territories Wildfire Update Environment and Climate Change Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2023 Canadian wildfires amp oldid 1225693375 International effects, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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