Saint Andrews, New Brunswick

This article is about the town. For the civil parish and rural census subdivision, see Saint Andrews Parish, New Brunswick.

Saint Andrews is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.^[2]

Saint Andrews
Town
Historic town centre
Nickname:  Saint Andrews By-the-Sea
Saint Andrews
Coordinates: 45°04′26″N 67°03′08″W / 45.07399°N 67.05209°W / 45.07399; -67.05209
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Charlotte
Settled	1783
Incorporated	1903
Named for	Saint Andrew's Day
Government
• Type	New Brunswick Municipality
• Mayor	Brad Henderson
• Deputy Mayor	Kate Akagi
• Councillors	Kurt Gumushel, Steve Neil, Marc Blanchard, James Hirtle, Lee Heenan
• CAO	Chris Spear
Area ^[1]
• Land	8.35 km^2 (3.22 sq mi)
Population  (2021)^[1]
• Total	2,048
• Density	245.3/km^2 (635/sq mi)
• Change (2016–21)	14.7%
Time zone	UTC-4 (Atlantic (AST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Canadian Postal code	E5B
Area code	506
Telephone Exchange	529
NTS Map	21G3 St. Stephen
GNBC Code	DAEBC
Website	http://www.townofstandrews.ca/

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews,^[3] and appears as such on the town's website;^[4] St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce.

On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed the local service district of Bayside and Chamcook.^[5] Revised census information has not yet been released.

History

The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day.^[6] At the eastern end the town is a midden, a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over 2,000 years due to year-round activity of the Passamaquoddy. Today it is a provincial heritage site.^[7]

The site was settled in 1783 by Penobscot Loyalists.^[8] The town's street grid was designed by Charles Morris and was laid out at that time and persists today.^[2] Except for the shoreline Water Street, the names of streets have royal or colonial associations: (Parr Street, Carleton Street and Montague Street are all named after governors. These streets cross thirteen named after the children of King George III.).^[9] Also typical of British colonial settlement of the time are the town's defensive sites, public spaces, and delineation.^[2]

 

A blockhouse was built during the War of 1812 and is now a national historic site.^[10]

Between 1820 and 1860, the port of Saint Andrews welcomed Irish immigrants. They were first quarantined at Hospital Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay. At the 1851 census, more than 50% of the town's population had been born in Ireland.^[11]

The Pendlebury Lighthouse, also known as the St. Andrews North Point Lighthouse, was built in 1833 at the tip of the peninsula.^[12] Deactivated in 1938, it has since been restored and registered as a Canadian historic place.

In 1840, the Charlotte County Court House was built, and was used continually until 2016.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, St. Andrews became a seaside resort for people from Montreal and Boston who were seeking to escape the summer heat.^[9] The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881.^[13] It was followed in 1889 by The Algonquin, a resort on a hill overlooking the town, which became Canada's first seaside resort.^[14] The Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt while the Algonquin burned in 1914 and was rebuilt one year later. The lifestyle of wealthy summer visitors is commemorated at the Ross Memorial Museum.^[15]

A federal marine research facility, the St. Andrews Biological Station, was established in 1908^[9] and the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1969.^[16]

The town was designated a national historic site in 1998.

Historical population of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick

Year	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1981	1986	1991	1996	2001	2006	2011	2016
Population	1064	987	1065	1207	1167	1458	1531	1760	1612	1652	1752	1869	1798	1889	1786

Geography

 

St. Andrews Harbour at low tide.

Saint Andrews is at the southern tip of a peninsula, extending into Passamaquoddy Bay. The waterfront faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. The harbour is at the mouth of the St. Croix River.

The town is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine, two kilometres to the west across the river mouth, and 53 km by road.

Ministers Island is east of the town and is accessible by road at low tide only.^[17]

St. Andrews
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     109     −2 −11     91     −1 −11     90     3 −5     90     9 0     97     15 5     84     20 9     77     23 12     83     23 12     97     19 9     104     13 4     127     7 0     121     0 −8 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: climate-data.org
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     4.3     28 12     3.6     30 12     3.5     37 23     3.5     48 32     3.8     59 41     3.3     68 48     3     73 54     3.3     73 54     3.8     66 48     4.1     55 39     5     45 32     4.8     32 18 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint Andrews had a population of 2,048 living in 921 of its 1,096 total private dwellings, a change of 14.7% from its 2016 population of 1,786. With a land area of 8.35 km² (3.22 sq mi), it had a population density of 245.3/km² (635.2/sq mi) in 2021.^[1]

Transportation

Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island, both in New Brunswick.

The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127, which runs directly through the town. It meets Route 1 on either end of the town.

Media

A local community channel, CHCO-TV, serves the Saint Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television, and began broadcasting over the air in 2006.

Education

• NBCC St. Andrews^[18]
• Vincent Massey Elementary School (K-5)
• Sir James Dunn Academy (6-12)^[19]

Gallery

•  
  Ross Museum
•  
  All Saints Anglican Church is the oldest established church in city proper limits.
•  
  Sheriff Andrews House, a museum
•  
  Saint Andrews features many outdoor murals
•  
  The original St. Andrews Lighthouse
•  
  The original Algonquin Hotel

See also

• List of historic places in St. Andrews
• List of people from Charlotte County

References

1. "Census Profile of Saint Andrews, Town (TV)". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
2. "St. Andrews Historic District National Historic Site of Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
3. "New Brunswick Regulation 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 85-45)". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
4. "Town of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick". Big Bright Sun Communications. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
5. "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
6. "St. Andrews". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
7. "Pagan Point". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
8. Siebert, Wilbur (1914). "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". archives.gnb.ca. The Ohio State University. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
9. . St. Andrews by-the-Sea. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
10. Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (1 June 2020). "St. Andrews Blockhouse National Historic Site". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
11. Irish Canadian Cultural Association of New Brunswick 2009-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
12. "Pendlebury Lighthouse". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
13. David Sullivan, Argyll Hotel, Old New Brunswick, Accessed August 23, 2016
14. "Heritage, Arts & Culture". Town of Saint Andrews. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
15. "Ross Memorial Museum". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
16. "Huntsman Marine Science Centre". Huntsman Marine Science Centre. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
17. "The Van Horne Estate on Ministers Island, Crossing Tides & Time, A Unique Canadian Maritime Coastal Experience, St Andrews by the sea, New Brunswick, Canada". ministersisland.net. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
18. NBCC St. Andrews, Campus of New Brunswick Community College.
19. Schools in Anglophone South School District

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Andrews, New Brunswick.