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2016 London mayoral election

October 31, 2023

The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the Mayor of London, on the same day as the London Assembly election. It was the fifth election to the position of mayor, which was created in 2000 following a referendum in Greater London. The election used a supplementary vote system.

2016 London mayoral election
← 2012 5 May 2016 2021 →
Turnout45.3% 7.2 pp
 
Candidate Sadiq Khan Zac Goldsmith Siân Berry
Party Labour Conservative Green
First round vote 1,148,716 909,755 150,673
Percentage 44.2% 35.0% 5.8%
Second round vote 1,310,143 994,614 Eliminated
Percentage 56.8% 43.2% Eliminated
Results of the election by borough, displaying first preferences. Darker shades indicate a stronger voteshare, while lighter shades indicate a weaker voteshare

The election was won by the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tooting, Sadiq Khan, a member of the Labour Party, who polled 56.8% of the votes in the head-to-head second round of voting over the MP for Richmond Park, Zac Goldsmith, a member of the Conservative Party. Goldsmith was more than 25% ahead of the next candidate in the first round of voting, as part of a record field of twelve candidates. Of the twelve candidates only Khan, Goldsmith, and Green Party candidate Siân Berry achieved the requisite 5% minimum first round vote share to retain their deposit.[1]

This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds.[2] Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.[3]

The campaign of Goldsmith was marred by accusations of Islamophobia. Senior Muslim figures within the Conservative Party supported the accusations while the Muslim Council of Britain described Goldsmith's campaign as an example of Tory "dog whistle anti-Muslim racism" and called the party to investigate Goldsmith as part of an investigation into alleged Islamophobia in the Conservative party.[4]

Results edit

 
Results by assembly constituency
 
Result by electoral ward

The first announcement of the first round results indicated that Khan was leading.[5] However, this count was later retracted, and official results were delayed pending counting errors that reportedly misattributed "hundreds" of votes. When the full result, including second preference, votes was announced at about 00:30, Khan had increased his lead over Goldsmith.[5]

Mayor of London election 5 May 2016 [6]
Party Candidate 1st round 2nd round
 First round votes  Transfer votes 
Total Of round Transfers Total Of round
Labour Sadiq Khan 1,148,716 44.2% 161,427 1,310,143 56.8%
​​
Conservative Zac Goldsmith 909,755 35.0% 84,859 994,614 43.2%
​​
Green Siân Berry 150,673 5.8%
​​
Liberal Democrats Caroline Pidgeon 120,005 4.6%
​​
UKIP Peter Whittle 94,373 3.6%
​​
Women's Equality Sophie Walker 53,055 2.0%
​​
Respect George Galloway 37,007 1.4%
​​
Britain First Paul Golding 31,372 1.2%
​​
CISTA Lee Harris 20,537 0.8%
​​
BNP David Furness 13,325 0.5%
​​
Independent Prince Zylinski 13,202 0.5%
​​
One Love Ankit Love 4,941 0.2%
​​
Labour gain from Conservative

There were a total of 2,596,961 valid votes and 49,871 rejected votes in the first round, a turnout of 45.3%. In the second round a further 381,862 had not declared a valid second preference, with a further 2,381 rejected for other reasons.[6][7]

Background edit

 
The outgoing mayor of London, Boris Johnson. The 2016 mayoral election was the first in which the incumbent mayor did not stand for re-election.

The position of mayor of London was created in 2000 after a referendum in London.[8] The mayor has a range of responsibilities covering policing, transport, housing, planning, economic development, arts, culture and the environment, controlling a budget of around £17 billion per year.[9] Mayors are elected for a period of four years, with no limit to the number of terms served.[10]

Prior to the 2016 election, there had been two mayors since the position's creation. The outgoing mayor, Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party was elected mayor in 2008, defeating incumbent Labour Party mayor Ken Livingstone. Johnson was re-elected, again ahead of Livingstone, in the 2012 election.[11] Neither Livingstone nor Johnson stood in 2016, making it the first London mayoral election that Livingstone did not contest,[12] and the first time a mayor had chosen not to defend their position.[13]

Since the previous mayoral vote, Labour had taken the majority of London votes and seats at the 2015 General Election, despite the Conservative Party winning the vote nationally.[12] Ten further candidates contested the election;[12] of these the UK Independence Party (UKIP) (8.1%), the Liberal Democrats (7.7%, 1 seat) and the Green Party (4.7%) had been the most popular parties in London at the 2015 election.[14]

Electoral system edit

The election used a supplementary vote system, in which voters express a first and a second preference of candidates.[15]

  • If a candidate receives over 50% of the first preference vote the candidate wins.
  • If no candidate receives an overall majority, i.e., over 50% of first preference votes, the top two candidates proceed to a second round and all other candidates are eliminated.
  • The first preference votes for the remaining two candidates stand in the final count.
  • Voters' ballots whose first and second preference candidates are eliminated are discarded.
  • Voters whose first preference candidates have been eliminated and whose second preference candidate is in the top two have their second preference votes added to the count.

This means that the winning candidate has the support of a majority of voters who expressed a preference among the top two.[16]

All registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) living in London aged 18 or over on 5 May 2016 were entitled to vote in the mayoral election. Those who were temporarily away from London (for example, away working, on holiday, in student accommodation or in hospital) were also entitled to vote in the mayoral election. The deadline to register to vote in the election was midnight on 19 April 2016.[17] However, the Electoral Commission warned that thousands of transient renters were not eligible to vote.[18]

Candidates and their selection processes edit

 
class=notpageimage|
The elected mayor governs Greater London

The nomination period for mayoral candidates was from 21 to 31 March 2016. Confirmation of candidates occurred after nominations closed, which revealed a record number of candidates for a London Mayoral election[21] Among other requirements, candidates had to: be over 18; submit the signatures of 330 supporters (ten from each borough); pay a £10,000 deposit, refundable to candidates receiving more than 5% of first choice votes; and not have been sentenced to a prison term of three months or more in the previous five years.[22] [n 1] The full list of candidates was released on 1 April 2016, though many parties had gone through extensive selection processes prior to this.[24]

Conservative Party edit

Main article: 2015 London Conservative Party mayoral selection
 
Zac Goldsmith, Conservative candidate

Seven people registered to be the candidate for the Conservative Party.[25] Of these, three were eliminated: Philippa Roe, leader of Westminster City Council; Ivan Massow, financial services entrepreneur, gay rights campaigner, and media personality; and Sol Campbell, former Arsenal and England football player.[26] Four nominees went into a primary, with registration open anyone on the London electoral roll.[27] The candidate was announced on 2 October 2015 to be Zac Goldsmith, journalist, author and MP for Richmond Park.[28][29] The defeated nominees were: Andrew Boff, leader of the Conservative Party in the London Assembly;[25] Stephen Greenhalgh, businessman and Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime;[25] and Syed Kamall, academic, Chairman of the European Conservatives and Reformists, and an MEP for London.[25]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Conservative Party Candidate Selection[30]
Turnout: 9,227		Conservative Zac Goldsmith selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: 5,037 (54.6%) 		Zac GoldsmithConservative6,51470.6
Syed Kamall Conservative1,47716.0
Stephen Greenhalgh Conservative8649.4
Andrew Boff Conservative3724.0

Goldsmith, a member of the prominent Goldschmidt family, grew up in Ham, London. His early career was spent working in think-tanks and for The Ecologist magazine, of which he was editor from 2000 until 2006.[31][32] He left The Ecologist in 2006 when he became deputy chairman of the Conservative Party's Quality of Life Policy Group,[32] and he was elected as Conservative MP for Richmond Park at the 2010 general election. As a social and economic liberal,[33] Goldsmith has campaigned for a small state with direct democracy.[34] Goldsmith, having made his name editing an environmentalist magazine, opposed expansion of Heathrow and vowed to continue investment in public transport.[35] He stated that he was in favour of "right-to-buy" schemes for buying homes, and wanted to expand housing stock through high-density, low-rise construction.[35] Goldsmith announced his support for the UK leaving the European Union, reflecting his eurosceptic position.[36][37] Goldsmith's aristocratic background was commented on, particularly in contrast to Khan's working-class roots, though some suggested this could have given Goldsmith an advantage.[38]

Labour Party edit

Main article: 2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection
 
Sadiq Khan, Labour candidate

Eight politicians registered an interest in becoming the Labour Party candidate, of whom two—Keran Kerai, Labour Party member in Harrow East and Neeraj Patil, former Mayor of Lambeth and former Lambeth Borough Councillor for Larkhall Ward—were not shortlisted.[39] Between 14 August and 10 September, affiliated and registered supporters and members of the Labour Party in London voted for their preferred candidate.[39] The winning candidate was Sadiq Khan, with 59% of the vote.[20] He defeated: Diane Abbott, former Shadow Minister for Public Health, candidate for leader in 2010 and MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington;[39] Tessa Jowell, former Olympics Minister and former MP for Dulwich and West Norwood;[39] David Lammy, former Universities Minister and MP for Tottenham;[39] Gareth Thomas, Shadow Foreign Office Minister, Chair of the Co-operative Party and MP for Harrow West; and Christian Wolmar, journalist, author, and railway historian.[39]

Khan was elected to Parliament as MP for Tooting at the 2005 general election. He had previously worked as a human rights lawyer.[40] After being the campaign manager for Ed Miliband in the latter's successful bid to become Labour Party leader,[41] Khan was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice in 2010, a post from which he resigned after the 2015 General Election and Miliband's resignation as Labour leader.[42]

First round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 17,518 33.8% 11,077 42.1% 4,331 44.1% 32,926
37.5%
Tessa Jowell 19,324 37.3% 4,442 16.9% 2,355 24.0% 26,121
29.7%
Diane Abbott 6,890 13.3% 6,216 23.6% 1,692 17.2% 14,798
16.8%
David Lammy 5,191 10.0% 2,318 8.8% 746 7.6% 8,255
9.4%
Christian Wolmar 2,195 4.2% 1,997 7.6% 537 5.5% 4,729
5.4%
Gareth Thomas 650 1.3% 241 0.9% 164 1.7% 1,055
1.2%
Second round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 17,665 34.2% 11,121 42.4% 4,355 44.4% 33,141
37.8%
Tessa Jowell 19,535 37.8% 4,477 17.1% 2,394 24.4% 26,406
30.1%
Diane Abbott 6,943 13.4% 6,238 23.8% 1,710 17.4% 14,891
17.0%
David Lammy 5,279 10.2% 2,353 9.0% 760 7.8% 8,392
9.6%
Christian Wolmar 2,288 4.4% 2,057 7.8% 582 5.9% 4,927
5.6%
Third round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 18,433 35.8% 11,835 45.6% 4,545 46.8% 34,813
40.0%
Tessa Jowell 20,064 39.0% 4,710 18.1% 2,498 25.7% 27,272
31.3%
Diane Abbott 7,323 14.2% 6,737 26.0% 1,818 18.7% 15,878
18.2%
David Lammy 5,632 10.9% 2,671 10.3% 844 8.7% 9,147
10.5%
Fourth round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 20,628 40.5% 12,944 50.7% 4,868 50.7% 38,440
44.7%
Tessa Jowell 21,851 43.0% 5,237 20.5% 2,697 28.1% 29,785
34.6%
Diane Abbott 8,396 16.5% 7,345 28.8% 2,043 21.3% 17,784
20.7%
Fifth round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan  Y 24,983 51.0% 17,179 73.0% 5,990 65.2% 48,152
58.9%
Tessa Jowell 24,019 49.0% 6,351 27.0% 3,203 34.8% 33,573
41.1%

Khan's selection as a candidate was seen as part of a wider move towards the left in Labour that emerged during the 2015 leadership election that followed Miliband's resignation.[20] Key policies that Khan proposed included a London 'living rent';[43] a quota system for ethnic minority officers in the Metropolitan Police;[44] increased home building;[45] and a campaign for a London Living Wage.[46] Commentators raised Khan's Muslim religion as a potential barrier to election, after a poll (not mentioning Khan by name) suggested that 31% of Londoners would be 'uncomfortable' with a Muslim mayor.[47] Khan, who was London's first Muslim MP, argued that the election of a Muslim could encourage London to become recognised as a more cosmopolitan city.[47] While Khan had stated that he would serve a full term as MP for Tooting if he were to become mayor of London,[48] he later announced that would stand down as MP for Tooting if he were elected mayor.[49]

Green Party edit

 
Green Party candidate Siân Berry in 2005

Jenny Jones, the Green party's candidate in the 2012 election, and Natalie Bennett, leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, declined to stand for the Green nomination.[50] Six candidates were shortlisted for the nomination,[50][51] with Siân Berry, the party's candidate in the 2008 election, selected by London-based members of the Green Party.[52] Unsuccessful nominees were Jonathan Bartley (candidate for Streatham in the 2015 general election, co-founder of Ekklesia, and Work and Pensions Spokesperson for the Green Party);[50] Tom Chance (candidate for Lewisham West and Penge in the 2015 general election and Housing Spokesperson for the Greens);[50] Benali Hamdache (Equalities Spokesperson for the Green Party, and former National Health Service researcher);[50] Rashid Nix (a Camera operator and candidate for Dulwich and West Norwood in the 2015 general election);[50] and Caroline Russell (Islington Borough Councillor for Highbury East Ward since 2014 and clean air campaigner).[50]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Green Party Candidate Selection[53]
Turnout: 1,890 (16.4%)		Green Siân Berry selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: ~686 (36.3%) 		Siân BerryGreen~94349.9
Jonathan Bartley Green~25713.6
Caroline Russell Green~25113.3
Rashid Nix Green~20410.8
Tom Chance Green~1598.4
Benali Hamdache Green~723.8
Re-open Nominations RON~40.2

Berry joined the Green Party at age 28, and became a prominent green transport campaigner.[54][55] She was Principal Speaker of the Green Party from 2006 to 2007, before becoming the Green candidate for the 2008 mayoral election.[56] She first stood for election at Camden Borough Council in 2002, and was elected to the council in May 2014.[57] Having had a variety of jobs,[56] at the time of the election she was primarily an author and worked for the Campaign for Better Transport.[57] Berry made increasing affordable housing a key policy area in her mayoral campaign,[54] through brownfield building, capping rents and preventing foreign businesses from purchasing homes.[58] She aimed to prioritise sustainability oriented policies over those that seek economic growth.[59]

Liberal Democrats edit

 
Caroline Pidgeon, Liberal Democrat candidate

The Liberal Democrats opened their selection process on 8 June 2015. Applications were due by noon on 22 June 2015[60] and six potential nominees stood to be candidates.[61] Four of these were not shortlisted: Brian Haley, a former Labour councillor in Haringey, who also unsuccessfully stood for the Liberal Democrat candidacy in 2012; Teena Lashmore, a criminologist, community activist and Liberal Democrat candidate in Bethnal Green and Bow at the 2015 general election; Marisha Ray, a former councillor in Islington; and Paul Reynolds, former councillor.[61][62] Of the remaining candidates, Duwayne Brooks OBE, former councillor in Lewisham, withdrew due to his commitments to a review of police stop and search powers.[62] This left Caroline Pidgeon, leader of the Liberal Democrats on the London Assembly,[63][64] as the only remaining candidate. She was selected, winning 90% of the 3669 votes on a 39% turnout, against the option to Re-Open Nominations,[65][66] as announced on 17 September 2015.[67]

Pidgeon graduated from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1994, moving to London to work in local government and later for the National Health Service.[68] She was elected as a councillor in Southwark in 1998, where she served until being elected to the London Assembly in 2008.[68] She became leader of the Liberal Democrat assembly group, a position she held after their number was reduced to just 2 in the 2012 London Assembly Election,[69] the same year in which she was awarded an MBE for public service.[70] Pidgeon promised to focus on housing, affordable childcare, air pollution and public transport.[71] She emphasised the need to ensure that workers can live in the city by using rent control and reducing public transport costs.[71]

UK Independence Party edit

The UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate was chosen via a selection committee, unlike previous mayoral candidate selections that had been made by London-based party members.[72] The supposed favourite for selection among party members was Suzanne Evans, UKIP Deputy Chairman, former Interim Leader, Welfare Spokesman and candidate for Shrewsbury and Atcham in the 2015 general election.[73] Press such as The Spectator speculated that the decision had been moved to a committee to allow for the selection of national party leader Nigel Farage's preferred candidate, Peter Whittle, Culture Spokesman and candidate for Eltham in the 2015 general election.[72][73] UKIP claimed that the changed selection process was intended to produce a candidate with the potential for receiving the most votes.[72] Whittle was eventually selected, and announced as the candidate at the UKIP party conference on 26 September 2015.[74][75] No shortlist was released but others who had stated their intention to stand had included: Alan Craig, former leader of and mayoral candidate in 2008 for the Christian Peoples Alliance, and UKIP candidate for Brent North in the 2015 general election; Peter Harris, candidate for Dagenham and Rainham in the 2015 general election; Richard Hendron, LGBT activist and candidate for Brentford and Isleworth in the 2015 general election;[73][76] Elizabeth Jones, candidate for Dartford in the 2015 general election;[51] David Kurten, candidate for Camberwell and Peckham in the 2015 general election;[citation needed] Winston McKenzie, perennial candidate and UKIP candidate for Croydon North in the 2015 general election;[51] and Shneur Odze, former Hackney councillor.[77]

Whittle was born in Peckham, before studying at the University of Kent.[78] He worked in journalism, before founding the New Culture Forum think-tank in 2006.[74] He became UKIP's cultural spokesperson in 2013[75] and stood for Eltham at the 2015 general election, receiving 15% of the vote.[78] Whittle became the first the openly LGBT candidate selected by any party as a mayor of London candidate.[79] Whittle confirmed his support the UK's exit from the European Union, stating that this would not damage London's financial industries.[74] He pledged to work to ensure that workers can afford to live in London, and opposes further expansion of Heathrow Airport.[74]

Other candidates edit

  • David Furness stood for the British National Party. At the time of the election he was the party's organiser in west London and had stood in the 2011 Feltham and Heston by-election.[80] The British National Party were de-registered by the Electoral Commission on 8 January 2016 for failing to pay the required registration fee to the Electoral Commission, putting Furness' candidacy at risk.[81] However, the BNP re-registered in February 2016[82] allowing Furness to stand.[24]
  • George Galloway announced that he would stand for mayor of London as Respect's candidate, shortly after losing his seat in Bradford West in the 2015 General Election. After he was expelled from the Labour Party in 2003, Galloway joined Respect in early 2004 before serving as an MP in Bethnal Green and Bow and then Bradford West.[83] There were reports of financial difficulties for Respect, and that Galloway might be seeking to return to the Labour Party,[84] but he was nominated by and ran under the label of "Respect (George Galloway)".[24]
  • Paul Golding, leader of Britain First and former British National Party councillor, was announced via Facebook as their intended candidate.[85] The announcement (which was later removed) said that Britain First "will not rest until every traitor is punished for their crimes against our country. And by punished, I mean good old-fashioned British justice at the end of a rope!" [86] Britain First had several of their proposed running slogans banned by the Electoral Commission for being offensive.[87] Golding, who was convicted of harassment in 2015,[88] was on police bail during the election campaign after being arrested for wearing a military uniform with political objective.[89]
  • Lee Harris stood for the Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol Party.[90]
  • Ankit Love stood for the One Love Party.[24] Love claimed to be Emperor of Jammu and Kashmir and called on British military personnel to "oust the failed regime and replace the Prime Minister with him as the senior Minister of the Crown, so he can dictate the needed legislation".[91]
  • Sophie Walker, a journalist,[92] stood for the Women's Equality Party, of which she was the leader at the time of the election.[93][94]
  • Prince (John) Zylinski, Polish aristocrat and anti-UKIP campaigner[95][96] was the only independent candidate running.[24]

Withdrawn candidates edit

Several independents or candidates from minor parties announced an intention to stand but did not appear on the final list of nominees. The candidate with the highest profile was Winston McKenzie, who was selected as a candidate by the English Democrats. He had run as an independent in 2008 and had sought the UKIP nomination for 2016.[97] In January 2016, McKenzie appeared on the reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother described as the English Democrats candidate,[98] but was not nominated for the election. McKenzie submitted nomination forms, but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing "duplicate signatures".[23] On 8 April 2016 it was confirmed that McKenzie would be standing in a borough council by-election in Croydon to be held on the same day as the mayoral election.[99]

Other candidates who were reported to be intending to stand but did not later appear on the nomination list include Jonathan Silberman for the Communist League,[100] and independent candidate Rosalind Readhead.[24][101] Lindsey Garrett was announced for Something New,[102] but later withdrew.[103]

Media and debates edit

 
The BBC debate on 18 April between the five leading candidates was chaired by Andrew Neil

A series of debates, hustings and other events were arranged over the course of the campaign. The first major debate was hosted by the LSE on 28 January and attended by Berry, Goldsmith, Khan, Pidgeon and Whittle.[104] Housing and transport were major topics of the debate, with Martin Hosick of MayorWatch impressed by the performances of Pidgeon and Whittle.[105] Through February and early March a series of sponsored debates on key topics took place, including two on housing,[106][107] one on technology,[108] and one covering green issues.[109]

The next broad debate, with the same five candidates as the LSE debate, in the campaign came on LBC on 22 March.[110] During April, further debates occurred, with the first on 12 April a head-to-head between Goldsmith and Khan on behalf of City A.M.[111] The issue of Goldsmith's campaign was raised, with Khan accusing Goldsmith of running a negative campaign and Goldsmith accusing Khan of hiding behind the label of Islamophobia.[112] The topics of housing, transport and job-creation were all key points in the debate.[113] The BBC hosted a debate with the five major candidates broadcast on BBC One in London on 18 April. The Guardian noted an absence of any clear winner, with Khan and Goldsmith focused on each other, Berry and Pidgeon offering very similar policies and Whittle distinct but with no chance of victory.[114] Similarly, The Spectator said that there had been a lukewarm response to policy statements from all candidates.[115] A second head to head took place on 21 April chaired by Kirsty Wark at the Royal Geographical Society on behalf of the Evening Standard.[116] Once again, housing, security and transport were key themes in the debate.[116]

Several national and London-based publications endorsed candidates. The London Evening Standard, the largest paper in London by circulation,[117] endorsed Goldsmith,[118] while the paper with the largest circulation to endorse Khan was The Daily Mirror.[119] Of other papers with leading circulation, The Daily Telegraph endorsed Goldsmith.[120] Khan received endorsements from The Guardian[121] and the New Statesman,[122] as well as a lukewarm endorsement from The Financial Times, which was critical of both leading candidates.[123]

Campaign edit

Before October 2015 edit

Early campaigning began with the process of major parties selecting candidates, after the 2015 General Election. The first party candidate to be announced was Lindsey Garrett of the Something New party on 18 May,[102] though she later decided not to stand.[124] The major parties all declared candidates in September.[51] Early issues that were highlighted by multiple candidates included:[125]

  • Rising costs of house buying and renting,[126] alongside a shortage in social housing.[127] Candidates such as Berry and Pidgeon promised a rent cap,[128] while both Goldsmith and Khan argued for increased home building.[45][129] Caroline Pidgeon spoke out in favour of increased use of rent-to-buy loans.[130]
  • Public transport costs and the ongoing development of London's transport infrastructure, including Crossrail.[131] Goldsmith made infrastructure a major part of his campaign, emphasising increased rail capacity.[129] Khan promised to freeze bus and rail fares.[132]
  • Bus transport, where Goldsmith promised to allow electric cars into bus lanes,[133] and said that busses needed to be electrified and more efficient.[129] Khan promised a new bus ticket that would be valid for an hour.[134]
  • Cycling was supported by both Berry and Pidgeon.[135] Goldsmith said he would judge Cycle Superhighways by their effect.[136] Khan said he would continue to invest in them.[137]
  • Expansion of London's airports: Khan, Goldsmith, Pidgeon and Berry were all signatories to a letter vowing to use all possible powers to try and stop of expansion at Heathrow,[138] though Khan argued instead for the expansion of Gatwick Airport.[139] Whittle also came out against Heathrow's expansion [74]
  • Crime and police reform.[127] Both Khan and Goldsmith highlighted rising hate crimes,[140] with Goldsmith and Pidgeon both also pledging to tackle violent and knife crime.[127][141] Berry pledged to increase resources into London's Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy.[142]
  • Environment.[143] Several of the candidates, including Berry[52] and Goldsmith,[144] are long-standing environmental campaigners. Berry put sustainability at the centre of her campaign,[59] while Goldsmith linked environmentalism more closely to economic growth,[144] and Khan pledged a range of green policies, including a programme to plant over 2 million trees in London while mayor.[145]

Early campaign: October 2015 – February 2016 edit

 
Transport costs on London's Underground system (pictured) were a key early issue in the campaign

The final polls from before the announcement of candidates gave Labour a four-point lead over the Conservative Party.[146] From early in the campaign, the contest was presumed to be between the Labour and Conservative candidates, with both expected to comfortably reach the second round of voting.[147] While Goldsmith – who was the last of the main candidates to be announced, on 3 October 2015 – was widely anticipated to be the Conservative candidate,[148] Khan's selection was more of a surprise.[149]

The first months of the campaign were dominated by the heightened terrorist threat in London, following a series of successful and planned attacks by Islamic State in 2015, particularly the November 2015 Paris attacks and a lone knife attack at Leytonstone tube station in on 6 December.[150] Khan's comments on how British Muslims might respond to the Paris attacks raised positive comments from both supporters and opponents.[151][152] A subsequent leaflet distributed by Goldmsith's campaign team described Khan as "divisive and radical", comments that Labour claimed were an attempt to associate Khan with radical Islam.[153][154] The Conservative Party rejected the accusation, claiming that Khan was "playing the race card".[155]

Elsewhere in the campaign, transport remained a major issue. David Cameron's deferral in December 2015 of a decision on plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport until after the election was interpreted as an attempt to avoid a clash with Goldsmith, his party's candidate, on the issue.[156] Caroline Pidgeon and Siân Berry both promised changes to the fares system to reduce commuter costs on the Tube,[157] while Khan and incumbent Conservative mayor Boris Johnson clashed over planned Tube strikes.[158] An early January 2016 poll gave Khan a 10-point lead over Goldsmith,[159] with bookmakers and pundits all favouring a Khan victory, though most agreed that the race was still open.[160] Towards the end of January, provisional English Democrats candidate Winston McKenzie appeared on reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother, quickly being voted off and causing over 400 complaints to Ofcom following his negative comments about homosexuality.[98]

In February, five candidates – Pidgeon, Whittle, Khan, Berry and Goldsmith – appeared in a debate on issues surrounding technology and science at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.[108] Key topics to emerge included the conflict between traditional London Black Cabs and Uber, and the role of the EU in shaping the British technological industry.[108] A few days later, a referendum on the UK's membership of the EU was announced for 23 June, the campaigning for which intersected with the mayoral election.[161] Alongside Whittle, whose UKIP party was founded with the aim of securing the UK's departure from the EU, both Goldsmith and outgoing mayor Boris Johnson announced their intention to campaign to leave the EU, in defiance of their party leader, Prime Minister David Cameron.[162][163] By contrast, Khan, Pidgeon and Berry all declared their support for remaining in the EU.[164][165] George Eaton of the New Statesman noted that research from the British Election Survey had found that voters in London (a majority-minority city), typically showed more support for the EU than voters in the UK as a whole.[163]

Official campaign: March – May 2016 edit

In a letter intended for London's Hindu and Sikh populations, Goldsmith accused Khan, a Muslim, of wanting a "wealth tax on family jewellery."[166][167] The letters formed part of what Khan's campaign said was a racist campaigning strategy from Goldsmith,[168][169] with Goldsmith claiming that Khan was a dangerous and "deeply partisan politician".[168]

March polls for YouGov and Comres showed Khan retaining his lead over Goldsmith, though by a reduced 3 percentage points in the Comres poll and an increased 7 points in the YouGov poll.[170][171] The Comres poll also showed Khan leading in a run-off[170] while neither poll gave any other candidates more than 6% of the first round votes. Both polls suggested that the race remained close, with the number of undecided voters comfortably larger than Khan's lead over Goldsmith.[168] Meanwhile, Londonist criticised both Goldsmith and Khan for "sending substitutes" instead of appearing at hustings events across London.[167] The official campaign began on 21 March, when nominations formally opened.[172] The confirmed list of candidates was released on 1 April, revealing that 12 people in total had secured the support and financing required for a nomination.[24]

Khan's manifesto launch came early in the official campaign period, on 9 March. Focusing on housing, Khan promised for database of landlords who had been prosecuted for housing-related offences, as well as the creation of a mayor-controlled non-for-profit letting agency.[173] He pledged a freeze on rail fares [173] and a series of measures to tackle gender inequality, focusing on domestic and sexual violence, the gender wage gap and the cost of childcare.[174] In early April, Berry and Pidgeon both released their manifestos, with both focused on housing.[175][176] Goldsmith's manifesto was one of the last to be released, on 12 April.[177] He focused on the economy, promising that his house and infrastructure building policies would help create 500,000 jobs.[177] He also promised a freeze on mayoral council tax and increased police numbers.[177] Green issues were also a core part of his agenda,[178] with new traffic regulations to encourage cleaner vehicles and the creation of new pocket parks.[177]

Through April, the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan continued to dominate the campaign, with Goldsmith and his campaign team repeatedly accused by Labour of racist or Islamophobic campaigning,[179][180] an accusation that they strongly denied.[181] Other candidates struggled to gain publicity and none of the major candidates were able to differentiate themselves significantly on policy.[115] On 22 April, a YouGov poll saw Khan stretch his lead over Goldsmith to 11 points in the first round, with Whittle, Berry and Pidgeon remaining very close to each other but some 25 points further behind Goldsmith, and Khan leading Goldsmith with 60% to 40% in the final round of voting.[182] On 29 April, comments by Labour MP Naz Shah and former Labour mayor of London Ken Livingstone led to both being accused of antisemitism. Livingstone had been a close ally of Khan, who quickly distanced himself from the comments before Livingstone was suspended from the Labour Party.[183] A poll released on the same day showed Khan leading Goldsmith by 20 points in the second round of voting, with no other candidates on more than 5% in the first round.[184] In the final week of the campaign, minor candidate Prince Zylinski endorsed Goldsmith.[185]

Election and count edit

Election day, 5 May 2016, was affected by confusion in the London Borough of Barnet, as an undetermined number of the borough's 236,196 voters were turned away from polling stations owing to an error with the electoral lists.[186] The first registers delivered to the polling station contained only those voters who registered since January 2016. Polls opened at 8 am and the problem was not rectified until 10:30 am.[186] The count began on Friday 6 May taking place at three locations across the capital.[187] The declaration, made at City Hall[187] was delayed following "discrepancies" with the initial count of votes, in which hundreds of votes were reportedly misallocated.[5] As the result was announced early on 7 May, outgoing mayor Boris Johnson remained in position for a further day, handing over to Khan on 8 May.[188]

Opinion polls edit

In the run-up to the election, several polling organisations carried out public opinion polling on voting intentions.

Graphical summaries edit

5 way polling edit

 
London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Khan
  Goldsmith
  Whittle
  Berry
  Pidgeon

Khan vs. Goldsmith edit

 
London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election between Zac Goldsmith and Sadiq Khan (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Khan
  Goldsmith

2016 edit

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size First preference Final round
Goldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan
5 May 2016 election[189] 2,596,961 35.0% 44.2% 5.8% 4.6% 3.6% 1.4% 5.2% 43.2% 56.8%
2–4 May YouGov[190] 1,574 32% 43% 7% 6% 7% 1% 4% 43% 57%
28 Apr – 3 May ComRes[191] 1,034 36% 45% 6% 6% 4% 1% 2% 44% 56%
26 Apr – 3 May TNS[192] 1,001 33% 45% 4% 7% 5% <1% 5% 43% 57%
26 Apr – 1 May Opinium[193] 1,004 35% 48% 5% 4% 5% <1% 3% 43% 57%
21–25 Apr Survation[194] 1,010 34% 49% 3% 3% 5% 2% 4% 40% 60%
15–19 Apr YouGov[195] 1,017 32% 48% 6% 5% 7% <1% 2% 40% 60%
30 Mar – 3 Apr ComRes [196] 1,049 37% 44% 4% 7% 5% 2% 1% 45% 55%
30 Mar – 3 Apr Opinium[197] 1,015 39% 49% 3% 4% 4% 1% - 46% 54%
14–17 Mar ComRes[198] 1,011 39% 42% 6% 6% 5% 1% 1% 47% 53%
8–10 Mar YouGov[199] 1,031 36% 45% 4% 5% 7% 2% 1% 45% 55%
2–7 Mar Opinium[200] 1,011 42% 48% 3% 3% 3% 1% - 45% 55%
4–6 Jan YouGov[201] 1,156 35% 45% 5% 4% 6% 2% 2% 45% 55%

2015 edit

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size First preference Final round
Goldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan
18–21 Nov YouGov[202] 1,008 38% 42% 5% 5% 6% - 3% 47% 53%
6–8 Oct YouGov[203] 1,178 - - - - - - - 49% 51%

Before confirmation of candidates edit

These polls were conducted before candidate details were finalised. Some show hypothetical match-ups between Zac Goldsmith and prospective Labour candidates, and others show the results of a generic question about which party a voter would support in the Mayoral election.

Unnamed party candidates edit

Date Firm Sample Conservative Labour Green Lib Dem UKIP Respect
12–15 Aug 2015 Survation[204] 1,007 35% 44% 7% 5% 4% 2%

Zac Goldsmith vs Sadiq Khan edit

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size Goldsmith Khan
10–12 Aug 2015 YouGov[205] 1,153 54% 46%
2 July 2015 YouGov[205] ? 53% 47%
8–11 June 2015 YouGov[205] 1,236 50% 50%

Zac Goldsmith vs Tessa Jowell edit

Date Firm Sample Goldsmith Jowell
10–12 Aug 2015 YouGov[205] 1,153 47% 53%
2 July 2015 YouGov[205] ? 43% 57%
8–11 June 2015 YouGov[205] 1,236 42% 58%

Aftermath edit

As the first results were announced, several Conservative Party politicians, including Andrew Boff and Sayeeda Warsi, denounced Zac Goldsmith's campaign,[206][207] while writers such as left-wing columnist Owen Jones once again described it as "racist".[208] Khan's win was described as a highlight for Labour on a day when the party had lost 19 councillors in the English local elections and fallen to third place, behind the Conservatives, in the Scottish parliament election.[209] However, in the subsequent days, Khan distanced himself from Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn's election strategy, amidst rumours of a party rift.[210] Khan subsequently supported Corbyn's opponent, Owen Smith, in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.[211]

In his victory speech, Khan said that his victory represented a victory for "hope over fear"[212] Internationally and in the UK, many responses focused on Khan's election as the first Muslim mayor of London.[3] Khan received congratulations from politicians globally, including French Prime Minister Manuel Valls; Hillary Clinton, who at the time was the Democratic front-runner for the United States 2016 presidential primaries; and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who in 2014 became the first Christian governor of Indonesia's capital, Jakarta.[3][213] Khan's working-class background was also noted, particularly in contrast to the aristocratic background of Goldsmith.[3] A week after the election, Khan announced Joanne McCartney, London Assembly member for Enfield and Haringey, as his deputy mayor.[214]

Green Party candidate Sian Berry, who finished third ahead of Pidgeon and Whittle, received the largest number of second-preference votes of any candidate with 468,318 votes representing 21% of the total.[215] All three were elected to the London Assembly in the vote on the same day. Sophie Walker's 2.0% of the vote was reported positively in what was the Women's Equality Party's first ever election.[216] She also would have been elected to the Assembly on a pure D'Hondt allocation, but a 5% threshold denied her the seat. By contrast, former MP George Galloway's 1.2% of the vote was seen as something of a humiliation and a symptom that his Respect Party was struggling to function;[217] Respect did indeed deregister from the Electoral Commission within 4 months of the election.[218]

Khan formally resigned from his position as MP for Tooting on 9 May, triggering a by-election,[219] which was held on 16 June.[220] On 16 June, Rosena Allin-Khan won the by-election in Tooting, with an increased majority.[221] A few months after the election, Goldsmith also pledged to resign as an MP if the government were to announce plans to build a third runway at Heathrow Airport.[222] Following the decision to build the runway, Goldsmith stood-down as MP for Richmond Park, triggering a by-election, in which Goldsmith stood as an independent candidate.[223] On 1 December 2016, Goldsmith saw his 23,000 majority overturned in the by-election by Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats, who achieved a 30% swing. Goldsmith's loss put down to his stance in favour of Britain's exit from the European Union where his constituency voted to remain.[224]

In 2017, Goldsmith regained his seat by overturning Olney's 2,000 majority and winning by 45 votes.[225] However in 2019, Goldsmith lost his seat again to Olney, this time by a margin of 7,766 votes.

Notes edit

  1. ^ A thirteenth prospective candidate submitted nomination forms, but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing "duplicate signatures".[23]

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External links edit

  • London Elects

October 31, 2023
2016, london, mayoral, election, held, 2016, elect, mayor, london, same, london, assembly, election, fifth, election, position, mayor, which, created, 2000, following, referendum, greater, london, election, used, supplementary, vote, system, 2012, 2016, 2021, . The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the Mayor of London on the same day as the London Assembly election It was the fifth election to the position of mayor which was created in 2000 following a referendum in Greater London The election used a supplementary vote system 2016 London mayoral election 2012 5 May 2016 2021 Turnout45 3 7 2 pp Candidate Sadiq Khan Zac Goldsmith Sian BerryParty Labour Conservative GreenFirst round vote 1 148 716 909 755 150 673Percentage 44 2 35 0 5 8 Second round vote 1 310 143 994 614 EliminatedPercentage 56 8 43 2 EliminatedResults of the election by borough displaying first preferences Darker shades indicate a stronger voteshare while lighter shades indicate a weaker voteshareMayor before electionBoris JohnsonConservative Elected Mayor Sadiq KhanLabourThe election was won by the Member of Parliament MP for Tooting Sadiq Khan a member of the Labour Party who polled 56 8 of the votes in the head to head second round of voting over the MP for Richmond Park Zac Goldsmith a member of the Conservative Party Goldsmith was more than 25 ahead of the next candidate in the first round of voting as part of a record field of twelve candidates Of the twelve candidates only Khan Goldsmith and Green Party candidate Sian Berry achieved the requisite 5 minimum first round vote share to retain their deposit 1 This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012 Johnson as incumbent mayor had chosen not to stand for re election for a third term in office having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds 2 Through his victory Khan became the second Labour Party mayor of London after Livingstone and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city 3 The campaign of Goldsmith was marred by accusations of Islamophobia Senior Muslim figures within the Conservative Party supported the accusations while the Muslim Council of Britain described Goldsmith s campaign as an example of Tory dog whistle anti Muslim racism and called the party to investigate Goldsmith as part of an investigation into alleged Islamophobia in the Conservative party 4 Contents 1 Results 2 Background 3 Electoral system 4 Candidates and their selection processes 4 1 Conservative Party 4 2 Labour Party 4 3 Green Party 4 4 Liberal Democrats 4 5 UK Independence Party 4 6 Other candidates 4 7 Withdrawn candidates 5 Media and debates 6 Campaign 6 1 Before October 2015 6 2 Early campaign October 2015 February 2016 6 3 Official campaign March May 2016 6 4 Election and count 7 Opinion polls 7 1 Graphical summaries 7 1 1 5 way polling 7 1 2 Khan vs Goldsmith 7 2 2016 7 3 2015 7 4 Before confirmation of candidates 7 4 1 Unnamed party candidates 7 4 2 Zac Goldsmith vs Sadiq Khan 7 4 3 Zac Goldsmith vs Tessa Jowell 8 Aftermath 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksResults edit nbsp Results by assembly constituency nbsp Result by electoral wardThe first announcement of the first round results indicated that Khan was leading 5 However this count was later retracted and official results were delayed pending counting errors that reportedly misattributed hundreds of votes When the full result including second preference votes was announced at about 00 30 Khan had increased his lead over Goldsmith 5 Mayor of London election 5 May 2016 6 Party Candidate 1st round 2nd round First round votes Transfer votes Total Of round Transfers Total Of roundLabour Sadiq Khan 1 148 716 44 2 161 427 1 310 143 56 8 Conservative Zac Goldsmith 909 755 35 0 84 859 994 614 43 2 Green Sian Berry 150 673 5 8 Liberal Democrats Caroline Pidgeon 120 005 4 6 UKIP Peter Whittle 94 373 3 6 Women s Equality Sophie Walker 53 055 2 0 Respect George Galloway 37 007 1 4 Britain First Paul Golding 31 372 1 2 CISTA Lee Harris 20 537 0 8 BNP David Furness 13 325 0 5 Independent Prince Zylinski 13 202 0 5 One Love Ankit Love 4 941 0 2 Labour gain from ConservativeThere were a total of 2 596 961 valid votes and 49 871 rejected votes in the first round a turnout of 45 3 In the second round a further 381 862 had not declared a valid second preference with a further 2 381 rejected for other reasons 6 7 Background edit nbsp The outgoing mayor of London Boris Johnson The 2016 mayoral election was the first in which the incumbent mayor did not stand for re election The position of mayor of London was created in 2000 after a referendum in London 8 The mayor has a range of responsibilities covering policing transport housing planning economic development arts culture and the environment controlling a budget of around 17 billion per year 9 Mayors are elected for a period of four years with no limit to the number of terms served 10 Prior to the 2016 election there had been two mayors since the position s creation The outgoing mayor Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party was elected mayor in 2008 defeating incumbent Labour Party mayor Ken Livingstone Johnson was re elected again ahead of Livingstone in the 2012 election 11 Neither Livingstone nor Johnson stood in 2016 making it the first London mayoral election that Livingstone did not contest 12 and the first time a mayor had chosen not to defend their position 13 Since the previous mayoral vote Labour had taken the majority of London votes and seats at the 2015 General Election despite the Conservative Party winning the vote nationally 12 Ten further candidates contested the election 12 of these the UK Independence Party UKIP 8 1 the Liberal Democrats 7 7 1 seat and the Green Party 4 7 had been the most popular parties in London at the 2015 election 14 Electoral system editThe election used a supplementary vote system in which voters express a first and a second preference of candidates 15 If a candidate receives over 50 of the first preference vote the candidate wins If no candidate receives an overall majority i e over 50 of first preference votes the top two candidates proceed to a second round and all other candidates are eliminated The first preference votes for the remaining two candidates stand in the final count Voters ballots whose first and second preference candidates are eliminated are discarded Voters whose first preference candidates have been eliminated and whose second preference candidate is in the top two have their second preference votes added to the count This means that the winning candidate has the support of a majority of voters who expressed a preference among the top two 16 All registered electors British Irish Commonwealth and European Union citizens living in London aged 18 or over on 5 May 2016 were entitled to vote in the mayoral election Those who were temporarily away from London for example away working on holiday in student accommodation or in hospital were also entitled to vote in the mayoral election The deadline to register to vote in the election was midnight on 19 April 2016 17 However the Electoral Commission warned that thousands of transient renters were not eligible to vote 18 Candidates and their selection processes edit nbsp class notpageimage The elected mayor governs Greater London London Mayoral Election 2016 Candidates Party CandidateGreen Party of England and Wales Sian BerryBritish National Party David FurnessRespect Party George GallowayBritain First Paul GoldingConservative Party Zac Goldsmith 19 Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol Lee HarrisLabour Party Sadiq Khan 20 One Love Party Ankit LoveLiberal Democrats Caroline PidgeonWomen s Equality Party Sophie WalkerUK Independence Party Peter WhittleIndependent John ZylinskiThe nomination period for mayoral candidates was from 21 to 31 March 2016 Confirmation of candidates occurred after nominations closed which revealed a record number of candidates for a London Mayoral election 21 Among other requirements candidates had to be over 18 submit the signatures of 330 supporters ten from each borough pay a 10 000 deposit refundable to candidates receiving more than 5 of first choice votes and not have been sentenced to a prison term of three months or more in the previous five years 22 n 1 The full list of candidates was released on 1 April 2016 though many parties had gone through extensive selection processes prior to this 24 Conservative Party edit Main article 2015 London Conservative Party mayoral selection nbsp Zac Goldsmith Conservative candidateSeven people registered to be the candidate for the Conservative Party 25 Of these three were eliminated Philippa Roe leader of Westminster City Council Ivan Massow financial services entrepreneur gay rights campaigner and media personality and Sol Campbell former Arsenal and England football player 26 Four nominees went into a primary with registration open anyone on the London electoral roll 27 The candidate was announced on 2 October 2015 to be Zac Goldsmith journalist author and MP for Richmond Park 28 29 The defeated nominees were Andrew Boff leader of the Conservative Party in the London Assembly 25 Stephen Greenhalgh businessman and Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime 25 and Syed Kamall academic Chairman of the European Conservatives and Reformists and an MEP for London 25 Election Political result Candidate Party Votes Conservative Party Candidate Selection 30 Turnout 9 227Conservative Zac Goldsmith selected as Candidate for Mayor of London Majority 5 037 54 6 Zac GoldsmithConservative6 51470 6Syed KamallConservative1 47716 0Stephen GreenhalghConservative8649 4Andrew BoffConservative3724 0Goldsmith a member of the prominent Goldschmidt family grew up in Ham London His early career was spent working in think tanks and for The Ecologist magazine of which he was editor from 2000 until 2006 31 32 He left The Ecologist in 2006 when he became deputy chairman of the Conservative Party s Quality of Life Policy Group 32 and he was elected as Conservative MP for Richmond Park at the 2010 general election As a social and economic liberal 33 Goldsmith has campaigned for a small state with direct democracy 34 Goldsmith having made his name editing an environmentalist magazine opposed expansion of Heathrow and vowed to continue investment in public transport 35 He stated that he was in favour of right to buy schemes for buying homes and wanted to expand housing stock through high density low rise construction 35 Goldsmith announced his support for the UK leaving the European Union reflecting his eurosceptic position 36 37 Goldsmith s aristocratic background was commented on particularly in contrast to Khan s working class roots though some suggested this could have given Goldsmith an advantage 38 Labour Party edit Main article 2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection nbsp Sadiq Khan Labour candidateEight politicians registered an interest in becoming the Labour Party candidate of whom two Keran Kerai Labour Party member in Harrow East and Neeraj Patil former Mayor of Lambeth and former Lambeth Borough Councillor for Larkhall Ward were not shortlisted 39 Between 14 August and 10 September affiliated and registered supporters and members of the Labour Party in London voted for their preferred candidate 39 The winning candidate was Sadiq Khan with 59 of the vote 20 He defeated Diane Abbott former Shadow Minister for Public Health candidate for leader in 2010 and MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington 39 Tessa Jowell former Olympics Minister and former MP for Dulwich and West Norwood 39 David Lammy former Universities Minister and MP for Tottenham 39 Gareth Thomas Shadow Foreign Office Minister Chair of the Co operative Party and MP for Harrow West and Christian Wolmar journalist author and railway historian 39 Khan was elected to Parliament as MP for Tooting at the 2005 general election He had previously worked as a human rights lawyer 40 After being the campaign manager for Ed Miliband in the latter s successful bid to become Labour Party leader 41 Khan was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice in 2010 a post from which he resigned after the 2015 General Election and Miliband s resignation as Labour leader 42 First round Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters TotalVotes Votes Votes Votes Sadiq Khan 17 518 33 8 11 077 42 1 4 331 44 1 32 926 37 5 Tessa Jowell 19 324 37 3 4 442 16 9 2 355 24 0 26 121 29 7 Diane Abbott 6 890 13 3 6 216 23 6 1 692 17 2 14 798 16 8 David Lammy 5 191 10 0 2 318 8 8 746 7 6 8 255 9 4 Christian Wolmar 2 195 4 2 1 997 7 6 537 5 5 4 729 5 4 Gareth Thomas 650 1 3 241 0 9 164 1 7 1 055 1 2 Second round Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters TotalVotes Votes Votes Votes Sadiq Khan 17 665 34 2 11 121 42 4 4 355 44 4 33 141 37 8 Tessa Jowell 19 535 37 8 4 477 17 1 2 394 24 4 26 406 30 1 Diane Abbott 6 943 13 4 6 238 23 8 1 710 17 4 14 891 17 0 David Lammy 5 279 10 2 2 353 9 0 760 7 8 8 392 9 6 Christian Wolmar 2 288 4 4 2 057 7 8 582 5 9 4 927 5 6 Third round Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters TotalVotes Votes Votes Votes Sadiq Khan 18 433 35 8 11 835 45 6 4 545 46 8 34 813 40 0 Tessa Jowell 20 064 39 0 4 710 18 1 2 498 25 7 27 272 31 3 Diane Abbott 7 323 14 2 6 737 26 0 1 818 18 7 15 878 18 2 David Lammy 5 632 10 9 2 671 10 3 844 8 7 9 147 10 5 Fourth round Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters TotalVotes Votes Votes Votes Sadiq Khan 20 628 40 5 12 944 50 7 4 868 50 7 38 440 44 7 Tessa Jowell 21 851 43 0 5 237 20 5 2 697 28 1 29 785 34 6 Diane Abbott 8 396 16 5 7 345 28 8 2 043 21 3 17 784 20 7 Fifth round Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters TotalVotes Votes Votes Votes Sadiq Khan nbsp Y 24 983 51 0 17 179 73 0 5 990 65 2 48 152 58 9 Tessa Jowell 24 019 49 0 6 351 27 0 3 203 34 8 33 573 41 1 Khan s selection as a candidate was seen as part of a wider move towards the left in Labour that emerged during the 2015 leadership election that followed Miliband s resignation 20 Key policies that Khan proposed included a London living rent 43 a quota system for ethnic minority officers in the Metropolitan Police 44 increased home building 45 and a campaign for a London Living Wage 46 Commentators raised Khan s Muslim religion as a potential barrier to election after a poll not mentioning Khan by name suggested that 31 of Londoners would be uncomfortable with a Muslim mayor 47 Khan who was London s first Muslim MP argued that the election of a Muslim could encourage London to become recognised as a more cosmopolitan city 47 While Khan had stated that he would serve a full term as MP for Tooting if he were to become mayor of London 48 he later announced that would stand down as MP for Tooting if he were elected mayor 49 Green Party edit nbsp Green Party candidate Sian Berry in 2005Jenny Jones the Green party s candidate in the 2012 election and Natalie Bennett leader of the Green Party of England and Wales declined to stand for the Green nomination 50 Six candidates were shortlisted for the nomination 50 51 with Sian Berry the party s candidate in the 2008 election selected by London based members of the Green Party 52 Unsuccessful nominees were Jonathan Bartley candidate for Streatham in the 2015 general election co founder of Ekklesia and Work and Pensions Spokesperson for the Green Party 50 Tom Chance candidate for Lewisham West and Penge in the 2015 general election and Housing Spokesperson for the Greens 50 Benali Hamdache Equalities Spokesperson for the Green Party and former National Health Service researcher 50 Rashid Nix a Camera operator and candidate for Dulwich and West Norwood in the 2015 general election 50 and Caroline Russell Islington Borough Councillor for Highbury East Ward since 2014 and clean air campaigner 50 Election Political result Candidate Party Votes Green Party Candidate Selection 53 Turnout 1 890 16 4 Green Sian Berry selected as Candidate for Mayor of London Majority 686 36 3 Sian BerryGreen 94349 9Jonathan BartleyGreen 25713 6Caroline RussellGreen 25113 3Rashid NixGreen 20410 8Tom ChanceGreen 1598 4Benali HamdacheGreen 723 8Re open NominationsRON 40 2Berry joined the Green Party at age 28 and became a prominent green transport campaigner 54 55 She was Principal Speaker of the Green Party from 2006 to 2007 before becoming the Green candidate for the 2008 mayoral election 56 She first stood for election at Camden Borough Council in 2002 and was elected to the council in May 2014 57 Having had a variety of jobs 56 at the time of the election she was primarily an author and worked for the Campaign for Better Transport 57 Berry made increasing affordable housing a key policy area in her mayoral campaign 54 through brownfield building capping rents and preventing foreign businesses from purchasing homes 58 She aimed to prioritise sustainability oriented policies over those that seek economic growth 59 Liberal Democrats edit nbsp Caroline Pidgeon Liberal Democrat candidateThe Liberal Democrats opened their selection process on 8 June 2015 Applications were due by noon on 22 June 2015 60 and six potential nominees stood to be candidates 61 Four of these were not shortlisted Brian Haley a former Labour councillor in Haringey who also unsuccessfully stood for the Liberal Democrat candidacy in 2012 Teena Lashmore a criminologist community activist and Liberal Democrat candidate in Bethnal Green and Bow at the 2015 general election Marisha Ray a former councillor in Islington and Paul Reynolds former councillor 61 62 Of the remaining candidates Duwayne Brooks OBE former councillor in Lewisham withdrew due to his commitments to a review of police stop and search powers 62 This left Caroline Pidgeon leader of the Liberal Democrats on the London Assembly 63 64 as the only remaining candidate She was selected winning 90 of the 3669 votes on a 39 turnout against the option to Re Open Nominations 65 66 as announced on 17 September 2015 67 Pidgeon graduated from the University College of Wales Aberystwyth in 1994 moving to London to work in local government and later for the National Health Service 68 She was elected as a councillor in Southwark in 1998 where she served until being elected to the London Assembly in 2008 68 She became leader of the Liberal Democrat assembly group a position she held after their number was reduced to just 2 in the 2012 London Assembly Election 69 the same year in which she was awarded an MBE for public service 70 Pidgeon promised to focus on housing affordable childcare air pollution and public transport 71 She emphasised the need to ensure that workers can live in the city by using rent control and reducing public transport costs 71 UK Independence Party edit The UK Independence Party UKIP candidate was chosen via a selection committee unlike previous mayoral candidate selections that had been made by London based party members 72 The supposed favourite for selection among party members was Suzanne Evans UKIP Deputy Chairman former Interim Leader Welfare Spokesman and candidate for Shrewsbury and Atcham in the 2015 general election 73 Press such as The Spectator speculated that the decision had been moved to a committee to allow for the selection of national party leader Nigel Farage s preferred candidate Peter Whittle Culture Spokesman and candidate for Eltham in the 2015 general election 72 73 UKIP claimed that the changed selection process was intended to produce a candidate with the potential for receiving the most votes 72 Whittle was eventually selected and announced as the candidate at the UKIP party conference on 26 September 2015 74 75 No shortlist was released but others who had stated their intention to stand had included Alan Craig former leader of and mayoral candidate in 2008 for the Christian Peoples Alliance and UKIP candidate for Brent North in the 2015 general election Peter Harris candidate for Dagenham and Rainham in the 2015 general election Richard Hendron LGBT activist and candidate for Brentford and Isleworth in the 2015 general election 73 76 Elizabeth Jones candidate for Dartford in the 2015 general election 51 David Kurten candidate for Camberwell and Peckham in the 2015 general election citation needed Winston McKenzie perennial candidate and UKIP candidate for Croydon North in the 2015 general election 51 and Shneur Odze former Hackney councillor 77 Whittle was born in Peckham before studying at the University of Kent 78 He worked in journalism before founding the New Culture Forum think tank in 2006 74 He became UKIP s cultural spokesperson in 2013 75 and stood for Eltham at the 2015 general election receiving 15 of the vote 78 Whittle became the first the openly LGBT candidate selected by any party as a mayor of London candidate 79 Whittle confirmed his support the UK s exit from the European Union stating that this would not damage London s financial industries 74 He pledged to work to ensure that workers can afford to live in London and opposes further expansion of Heathrow Airport 74 Other candidates edit David Furness stood for the British National Party At the time of the election he was the party s organiser in west London and had stood in the 2011 Feltham and Heston by election 80 The British National Party were de registered by the Electoral Commission on 8 January 2016 for failing to pay the required registration fee to the Electoral Commission putting Furness candidacy at risk 81 However the BNP re registered in February 2016 82 allowing Furness to stand 24 George Galloway announced that he would stand for mayor of London as Respect s candidate shortly after losing his seat in Bradford West in the 2015 General Election After he was expelled from the Labour Party in 2003 Galloway joined Respect in early 2004 before serving as an MP in Bethnal Green and Bow and then Bradford West 83 There were reports of financial difficulties for Respect and that Galloway might be seeking to return to the Labour Party 84 but he was nominated by and ran under the label of Respect George Galloway 24 Paul Golding leader of Britain First and former British National Party councillor was announced via Facebook as their intended candidate 85 The announcement which was later removed said that Britain First will not rest until every traitor is punished for their crimes against our country And by punished I mean good old fashioned British justice at the end of a rope 86 Britain First had several of their proposed running slogans banned by the Electoral Commission for being offensive 87 Golding who was convicted of harassment in 2015 88 was on police bail during the election campaign after being arrested for wearing a military uniform with political objective 89 Lee Harris stood for the Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol Party 90 Ankit Love stood for the One Love Party 24 Love claimed to be Emperor of Jammu and Kashmir and called on British military personnel to oust the failed regime and replace the Prime Minister with him as the senior Minister of the Crown so he can dictate the needed legislation 91 Sophie Walker a journalist 92 stood for the Women s Equality Party of which she was the leader at the time of the election 93 94 Prince John Zylinski Polish aristocrat and anti UKIP campaigner 95 96 was the only independent candidate running 24 Withdrawn candidates edit Several independents or candidates from minor parties announced an intention to stand but did not appear on the final list of nominees The candidate with the highest profile was Winston McKenzie who was selected as a candidate by the English Democrats He had run as an independent in 2008 and had sought the UKIP nomination for 2016 97 In January 2016 McKenzie appeared on the reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother described as the English Democrats candidate 98 but was not nominated for the election McKenzie submitted nomination forms but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing duplicate signatures 23 On 8 April 2016 it was confirmed that McKenzie would be standing in a borough council by election in Croydon to be held on the same day as the mayoral election 99 Other candidates who were reported to be intending to stand but did not later appear on the nomination list include Jonathan Silberman for the Communist League 100 and independent candidate Rosalind Readhead 24 101 Lindsey Garrett was announced for Something New 102 but later withdrew 103 Media and debates edit nbsp The BBC debate on 18 April between the five leading candidates was chaired by Andrew NeilA series of debates hustings and other events were arranged over the course of the campaign The first major debate was hosted by the LSE on 28 January and attended by Berry Goldsmith Khan Pidgeon and Whittle 104 Housing and transport were major topics of the debate with Martin Hosick of MayorWatch impressed by the performances of Pidgeon and Whittle 105 Through February and early March a series of sponsored debates on key topics took place including two on housing 106 107 one on technology 108 and one covering green issues 109 The next broad debate with the same five candidates as the LSE debate in the campaign came on LBC on 22 March 110 During April further debates occurred with the first on 12 April a head to head between Goldsmith and Khan on behalf of City A M 111 The issue of Goldsmith s campaign was raised with Khan accusing Goldsmith of running a negative campaign and Goldsmith accusing Khan of hiding behind the label of Islamophobia 112 The topics of housing transport and job creation were all key points in the debate 113 The BBC hosted a debate with the five major candidates broadcast on BBC One in London on 18 April The Guardian noted an absence of any clear winner with Khan and Goldsmith focused on each other Berry and Pidgeon offering very similar policies and Whittle distinct but with no chance of victory 114 Similarly The Spectator said that there had been a lukewarm response to policy statements from all candidates 115 A second head to head took place on 21 April chaired by Kirsty Wark at the Royal Geographical Society on behalf of the Evening Standard 116 Once again housing security and transport were key themes in the debate 116 Several national and London based publications endorsed candidates The London Evening Standard the largest paper in London by circulation 117 endorsed Goldsmith 118 while the paper with the largest circulation to endorse Khan was The Daily Mirror 119 Of other papers with leading circulation The Daily Telegraph endorsed Goldsmith 120 Khan received endorsements from The Guardian 121 and the New Statesman 122 as well as a lukewarm endorsement from The Financial Times which was critical of both leading candidates 123 Campaign editBefore October 2015 edit Early campaigning began with the process of major parties selecting candidates after the 2015 General Election The first party candidate to be announced was Lindsey Garrett of the Something New party on 18 May 102 though she later decided not to stand 124 The major parties all declared candidates in September 51 Early issues that were highlighted by multiple candidates included 125 Rising costs of house buying and renting 126 alongside a shortage in social housing 127 Candidates such as Berry and Pidgeon promised a rent cap 128 while both Goldsmith and Khan argued for increased home building 45 129 Caroline Pidgeon spoke out in favour of increased use of rent to buy loans 130 Public transport costs and the ongoing development of London s transport infrastructure including Crossrail 131 Goldsmith made infrastructure a major part of his campaign emphasising increased rail capacity 129 Khan promised to freeze bus and rail fares 132 Bus transport where Goldsmith promised to allow electric cars into bus lanes 133 and said that busses needed to be electrified and more efficient 129 Khan promised a new bus ticket that would be valid for an hour 134 Cycling was supported by both Berry and Pidgeon 135 Goldsmith said he would judge Cycle Superhighways by their effect 136 Khan said he would continue to invest in them 137 Expansion of London s airports Khan Goldsmith Pidgeon and Berry were all signatories to a letter vowing to use all possible powers to try and stop of expansion at Heathrow 138 though Khan argued instead for the expansion of Gatwick Airport 139 Whittle also came out against Heathrow s expansion 74 Crime and police reform 127 Both Khan and Goldsmith highlighted rising hate crimes 140 with Goldsmith and Pidgeon both also pledging to tackle violent and knife crime 127 141 Berry pledged to increase resources into London s Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy 142 Environment 143 Several of the candidates including Berry 52 and Goldsmith 144 are long standing environmental campaigners Berry put sustainability at the centre of her campaign 59 while Goldsmith linked environmentalism more closely to economic growth 144 and Khan pledged a range of green policies including a programme to plant over 2 million trees in London while mayor 145 Early campaign October 2015 February 2016 edit nbsp Transport costs on London s Underground system pictured were a key early issue in the campaignThe final polls from before the announcement of candidates gave Labour a four point lead over the Conservative Party 146 From early in the campaign the contest was presumed to be between the Labour and Conservative candidates with both expected to comfortably reach the second round of voting 147 While Goldsmith who was the last of the main candidates to be announced on 3 October 2015 was widely anticipated to be the Conservative candidate 148 Khan s selection was more of a surprise 149 The first months of the campaign were dominated by the heightened terrorist threat in London following a series of successful and planned attacks by Islamic State in 2015 particularly the November 2015 Paris attacks and a lone knife attack at Leytonstone tube station in on 6 December 150 Khan s comments on how British Muslims might respond to the Paris attacks raised positive comments from both supporters and opponents 151 152 A subsequent leaflet distributed by Goldmsith s campaign team described Khan as divisive and radical comments that Labour claimed were an attempt to associate Khan with radical Islam 153 154 The Conservative Party rejected the accusation claiming that Khan was playing the race card 155 Elsewhere in the campaign transport remained a major issue David Cameron s deferral in December 2015 of a decision on plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport until after the election was interpreted as an attempt to avoid a clash with Goldsmith his party s candidate on the issue 156 Caroline Pidgeon and Sian Berry both promised changes to the fares system to reduce commuter costs on the Tube 157 while Khan and incumbent Conservative mayor Boris Johnson clashed over planned Tube strikes 158 An early January 2016 poll gave Khan a 10 point lead over Goldsmith 159 with bookmakers and pundits all favouring a Khan victory though most agreed that the race was still open 160 Towards the end of January provisional English Democrats candidate Winston McKenzie appeared on reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother quickly being voted off and causing over 400 complaints to Ofcom following his negative comments about homosexuality 98 In February five candidates Pidgeon Whittle Khan Berry and Goldsmith appeared in a debate on issues surrounding technology and science at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park 108 Key topics to emerge included the conflict between traditional London Black Cabs and Uber and the role of the EU in shaping the British technological industry 108 A few days later a referendum on the UK s membership of the EU was announced for 23 June the campaigning for which intersected with the mayoral election 161 Alongside Whittle whose UKIP party was founded with the aim of securing the UK s departure from the EU both Goldsmith and outgoing mayor Boris Johnson announced their intention to campaign to leave the EU in defiance of their party leader Prime Minister David Cameron 162 163 By contrast Khan Pidgeon and Berry all declared their support for remaining in the EU 164 165 George Eaton of the New Statesman noted that research from the British Election Survey had found that voters in London a majority minority city typically showed more support for the EU than voters in the UK as a whole 163 Official campaign March May 2016 edit In a letter intended for London s Hindu and Sikh populations Goldsmith accused Khan a Muslim of wanting a wealth tax on family jewellery 166 167 The letters formed part of what Khan s campaign said was a racist campaigning strategy from Goldsmith 168 169 with Goldsmith claiming that Khan was a dangerous and deeply partisan politician 168 March polls for YouGov and Comres showed Khan retaining his lead over Goldsmith though by a reduced 3 percentage points in the Comres poll and an increased 7 points in the YouGov poll 170 171 The Comres poll also showed Khan leading in a run off 170 while neither poll gave any other candidates more than 6 of the first round votes Both polls suggested that the race remained close with the number of undecided voters comfortably larger than Khan s lead over Goldsmith 168 Meanwhile Londonist criticised both Goldsmith and Khan for sending substitutes instead of appearing at hustings events across London 167 The official campaign began on 21 March when nominations formally opened 172 The confirmed list of candidates was released on 1 April revealing that 12 people in total had secured the support and financing required for a nomination 24 Khan s manifesto launch came early in the official campaign period on 9 March Focusing on housing Khan promised for database of landlords who had been prosecuted for housing related offences as well as the creation of a mayor controlled non for profit letting agency 173 He pledged a freeze on rail fares 173 and a series of measures to tackle gender inequality focusing on domestic and sexual violence the gender wage gap and the cost of childcare 174 In early April Berry and Pidgeon both released their manifestos with both focused on housing 175 176 Goldsmith s manifesto was one of the last to be released on 12 April 177 He focused on the economy promising that his house and infrastructure building policies would help create 500 000 jobs 177 He also promised a freeze on mayoral council tax and increased police numbers 177 Green issues were also a core part of his agenda 178 with new traffic regulations to encourage cleaner vehicles and the creation of new pocket parks 177 Through April the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan continued to dominate the campaign with Goldsmith and his campaign team repeatedly accused by Labour of racist or Islamophobic campaigning 179 180 an accusation that they strongly denied 181 Other candidates struggled to gain publicity and none of the major candidates were able to differentiate themselves significantly on policy 115 On 22 April a YouGov poll saw Khan stretch his lead over Goldsmith to 11 points in the first round with Whittle Berry and Pidgeon remaining very close to each other but some 25 points further behind Goldsmith and Khan leading Goldsmith with 60 to 40 in the final round of voting 182 On 29 April comments by Labour MP Naz Shah and former Labour mayor of London Ken Livingstone led to both being accused of antisemitism Livingstone had been a close ally of Khan who quickly distanced himself from the comments before Livingstone was suspended from the Labour Party 183 A poll released on the same day showed Khan leading Goldsmith by 20 points in the second round of voting with no other candidates on more than 5 in the first round 184 In the final week of the campaign minor candidate Prince Zylinski endorsed Goldsmith 185 Election and count edit Election day 5 May 2016 was affected by confusion in the London Borough of Barnet as an undetermined number of the borough s 236 196 voters were turned away from polling stations owing to an error with the electoral lists 186 The first registers delivered to the polling station contained only those voters who registered since January 2016 Polls opened at 8 am and the problem was not rectified until 10 30 am 186 The count began on Friday 6 May taking place at three locations across the capital 187 The declaration made at City Hall 187 was delayed following discrepancies with the initial count of votes in which hundreds of votes were reportedly misallocated 5 As the result was announced early on 7 May outgoing mayor Boris Johnson remained in position for a further day handing over to Khan on 8 May 188 Opinion polls editIn the run up to the election several polling organisations carried out public opinion polling on voting intentions Graphical summaries edit 5 way polling edit nbsp London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election moving average is calculated from the last six polls Khan Goldsmith Whittle Berry PidgeonKhan vs Goldsmith edit nbsp London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election between Zac Goldsmith and Sadiq Khan moving average is calculated from the last six polls Khan Goldsmith2016 edit Date s conducted Polling organisation client Sample size First preference Final roundGoldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan5 May 2016 election 189 2 596 961 35 0 44 2 5 8 4 6 3 6 1 4 5 2 43 2 56 8 2 4 May YouGov 190 1 574 32 43 7 6 7 1 4 43 57 28 Apr 3 May ComRes 191 1 034 36 45 6 6 4 1 2 44 56 26 Apr 3 May TNS 192 1 001 33 45 4 7 5 lt 1 5 43 57 26 Apr 1 May Opinium 193 1 004 35 48 5 4 5 lt 1 3 43 57 21 25 Apr Survation 194 1 010 34 49 3 3 5 2 4 40 60 15 19 Apr YouGov 195 1 017 32 48 6 5 7 lt 1 2 40 60 30 Mar 3 Apr ComRes 196 1 049 37 44 4 7 5 2 1 45 55 30 Mar 3 Apr Opinium 197 1 015 39 49 3 4 4 1 46 54 14 17 Mar ComRes 198 1 011 39 42 6 6 5 1 1 47 53 8 10 Mar YouGov 199 1 031 36 45 4 5 7 2 1 45 55 2 7 Mar Opinium 200 1 011 42 48 3 3 3 1 45 55 4 6 Jan YouGov 201 1 156 35 45 5 4 6 2 2 45 55 2015 edit Date s conducted Polling organisation client Sample size First preference Final roundGoldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan18 21 Nov YouGov 202 1 008 38 42 5 5 6 3 47 53 6 8 Oct YouGov 203 1 178 49 51 Before confirmation of candidates edit These polls were conducted before candidate details were finalised Some show hypothetical match ups between Zac Goldsmith and prospective Labour candidates and others show the results of a generic question about which party a voter would support in the Mayoral election Unnamed party candidates edit Date Firm Sample Conservative Labour Green Lib Dem UKIP Respect12 15 Aug 2015 Survation 204 1 007 35 44 7 5 4 2 Zac Goldsmith vs Sadiq Khan edit Date s conducted Polling organisation client Sample size Goldsmith Khan10 12 Aug 2015 YouGov 205 1 153 54 46 2 July 2015 YouGov 205 53 47 8 11 June 2015 YouGov 205 1 236 50 50 Zac Goldsmith vs Tessa Jowell edit Date Firm Sample Goldsmith Jowell10 12 Aug 2015 YouGov 205 1 153 47 53 2 July 2015 YouGov 205 43 57 8 11 June 2015 YouGov 205 1 236 42 58 Aftermath editAs the first results were announced several Conservative Party politicians including Andrew Boff and Sayeeda Warsi denounced Zac Goldsmith s campaign 206 207 while writers such as left wing columnist Owen Jones once again described it as racist 208 Khan s win was described as a highlight for Labour on a day when the party had lost 19 councillors in the English local elections and fallen to third place behind the Conservatives in the Scottish parliament election 209 However in the subsequent days Khan distanced himself from Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn s election strategy amidst rumours of a party rift 210 Khan subsequently supported Corbyn s opponent Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election 211 In his victory speech Khan said that his victory represented a victory for hope over fear 212 Internationally and in the UK many responses focused on Khan s election as the first Muslim mayor of London 3 Khan received congratulations from politicians globally including French Prime Minister Manuel Valls Hillary Clinton who at the time was the Democratic front runner for the United States 2016 presidential primaries and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama who in 2014 became the first Christian governor of Indonesia s capital Jakarta 3 213 Khan s working class background was also noted particularly in contrast to the aristocratic background of Goldsmith 3 A week after the election Khan announced Joanne McCartney London Assembly member for Enfield and Haringey as his deputy mayor 214 Green Party candidate Sian Berry who finished third ahead of Pidgeon and Whittle received the largest number of second preference votes of any candidate with 468 318 votes representing 21 of the total 215 All three were elected to the London Assembly in the vote on the same day Sophie Walker s 2 0 of the vote was reported positively in what was the Women s Equality Party s first ever election 216 She also would have been elected to the Assembly on a pure D Hondt allocation but a 5 threshold denied her the seat By contrast former MP George Galloway s 1 2 of the vote was seen as something of a humiliation and a symptom that his Respect Party was struggling to function 217 Respect did indeed deregister from the Electoral Commission within 4 months of the election 218 Khan formally resigned from his position as MP for Tooting on 9 May triggering a by election 219 which was held on 16 June 220 On 16 June Rosena Allin Khan won the by election in Tooting with an increased majority 221 A few months after the election Goldsmith also pledged to resign as an MP if the government were to announce plans to build a 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Evening Standard mayoral debate London Evening Standard Retrieved 22 April 2016 Ponsford Dominic 18 February 2016 National press print ABCs for January Mirror losing ground against cut price Star ahead of new launch Press Gazette Retrieved 23 January 2017 Evening Standard comment Our manifesto for the next London mayor London Evening Standard 4 May 2016 Voice of the Mirror Zac Goldsmith s London Mayor campaign has been shameful Daily Mirror 1 May 2016 Retrieved 23 January 2017 Zac Goldsmith will put Londoners first The Daily Telegraph 30 April 2016 The Guardian view on London s mayoral race elect Citizen Khan The Guardian London 29 April 2016 Leader London is calling Sadiq Khan New Statesman 27 April 2016 Retrieved 23 January 2017 London s mayoral race falls short in every way FT View 22 April 2016 Retrieved 23 January 2017 Rebooting Something New Something New 30 November 2015 Retrieved 12 January 2016 Labour to elect 2016 London mayoral candidate BBC News 11 September 2015 Retrieved 18 September 2015 Osborne Hiliary 18 September 2015 London house prices cutting off graduates from best jobs The Guardian Retrieved 18 September 2015 a b c Phibbs Harry 19 August 2015 Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues 3 Housing Conservative Home Retrieved 18 September 2015 Crear Pippa Alwakeel Ramzy 3 September 2015 Green mayoral candidate Sian Berry I ll cap rents and stop foreign business buying up new housing London Evening Standard Retrieved 25 September 2015 a b c Nickersen James 8 September 2015 Zac Goldsmith The green Tory gunning for Londoners votes in the 2016 mayoral election City A M Retrieved 25 September 2015 Nickersen James 23 June 2015 Liberal Democrat London Assembly leader Caroline Pidgeon announces bid to become Mayor of London City A M Retrieved 25 September 2015 Phibbs Harry 18 August 2015 Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues 4 Transport Conservative Home Retrieved 18 September 2015 de Peyer Robin 9 June 2015 Sadiq Khan pledges to freeze bus and Tube fares London Evening Standard Retrieved 25 September 2015 Stone Jon 20 November 2015 Mayor of London Tory candidate Zac Goldsmith says there ll be no point in having bus lanes in two to three years because we ll all be driving electric cars Independent Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2016 Transport Sadiq Khan Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 5 March 2016 Bowden Andrew 4 September 2015 Stop Killing Cyclists launches Safer Cycling Challenge for London Mayoral campaign Road cc Retrieved 25 September 2015 Elton Walters Jack 9 February 2016 Zac Goldsmith I ll rip up London s cycle superhighways if they don t work Cycling Weekly Retrieved 5 March 2016 Wynn Nigel 15 December 2015 I ll make London a byword for cycling around the world says Labour mayor candidate Retrieved 5 March 2016 Hoscik Martin 3 July 2015 Green Tory Labour amp Lib Dem mayoral hopefuls vow to block Heathrow expansion MayorWatch Retrieved 25 September 2015 Murphy Joe 16 June 2015 Labour mayor contender Sadiq Khan rejects building third runway at Heathrow The Independent Retrieved 25 September 2015 Williams Joe 22 September 2015 Labour s Sadiq Khan pledges zero tolerance approach to homophobic crime Pink News Retrieved 28 September 2015 Pidgeon Caroline 6 May 2015 London s knife crime problem no longer on the political agenda Mayor Watch Retrieved 28 September 2015 Berry Sian August 2015 If contesting the May 2016 election would you commit to renewing again London s pioneering Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy PDF End Violence Against Women Archived from the original PDF on 5 October 2015 Retrieved 28 September 2015 Phibbs Andrew 30 September 2015 Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues 5 The environment Conservative Home Retrieved 30 September 2015 a b Nickerson James 8 September 2015 Zac Goldsmith The green Tory gunning for Londoners votes in the 2016 mayoral election City A M Retrieved 30 September 2015 Taylor Matthew 24 September 2015 Sadiq Khan promises to plant 2m trees in London if elected mayor The Guardian Retrieved 30 September 2015 YouGov Survey Results PDF YouGov 12 August 2015 Retrieved 2 October 2015 Addley Esther 2 October 2015 London mayoral race Zac Goldsmith v Sadiq Khan The Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 McLennan William 1 October 2015 Tory mayoral hopeful Zac Goldsmith says crowdsourced cops are not an outlandish idea Camden New Journal Archived from the original on 3 October 2015 Retrieved 2 October 2015 Evening Standard Comment Sadiq Khan s surprise victory as Labour s mayoral candidate London Evening Standard 11 September 2015 Retrieved 2 October 2015 Dodd Vikram Booth Robert MacAskill Esther 6 December 2015 Leytonstone knife attack police step up patrols after terrorist incident The Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 Hill David 20 November 2015 Sadiq Khan s words on Islamists and Britain were authentic and shrewd The Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 Crerar Pippa Cecil Nicholas 19 November 2015 Sadiq Khan UK Muslims must do more to root out cancer of extremism London Evening Standard Retrieved 12 January 2016 Hill Dave 8 December 2016 London mayor Zac Goldsmith must be careful with his negative campaign The Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 Cecil Nicholas 7 December 2015 Mayor battle heats up as Zac Goldsmith accuses Sadiq Khan of divisive and radical politics London Evening Standard Retrieved 12 January 2016 Taylor Rebecca 5 January 2016 Zac Goldsmith accuses London Mayoral rival Sadiq Khan of playing the race card in BBC Radio 4 interview Wandsworth Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 McCann Kate 11 December 2015 David Cameron has abandoned plans for a third runway at Heathrow senior Conservative claims The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 12 January 2016 Donovan Tim 7 January 2016 How important are transport pledges on the mayoral election BBC Retrieved 12 January 2016 Boris Johnson and Sadiq Khan clash over Tube strikes ITV 11 January 2016 Retrieved 12 January 2016 Sadiq Khan Winning Race To Be London Mayor Poll LBC Archived from the original on 10 January 2016 Retrieved 12 January 2016 Hill Dave 10 January 2016 London mayor race can Zac Goldsmith catch Sadiq Khan The Guardian Retrieved 12 January 2016 Wintour Patrick 21 February 2016 Cameron has secured his EU deal so what happens now The Guardian Retrieved 21 February 2016 Watt Nicholas 21 February 2016 Boris Johnson to campaign for Brexit in EU referendum The Guardian Retrieved 21 February 2016 a b Eaton George 21 February 2016 Zac Goldsmith s support for EU exit is another boost for Sadiq Khan New Statesman Retrieved 21 February 2016 Barber Lynsey 21 February 2016 EU referendum Zac Goldsmith wants to leave the EU but Sadiq Khan and Caroline Pidgeon side with stay as Mayor of London candidates decide positions City AM Retrieved 21 February 2016 Phillips Tom 8 February 2016 EU are doing it wrong Green Party criticise Cameron s proposals and Google tax deal SW Londoner Retrieved 21 February 2016 Bienkov Adam 15 March 2016 Zac Goldsmith warns ethnic minorities that Sadiq Khan will put their family jewellery at risk politics co uk Retrieved 20 March 2016 a b Holdsworth Rachel 20 March 2016 Mayoral Election Digest Zac Accuses Sadiq Of Going After The Family Jewels Londonist Retrieved 20 March 2016 a b c Hoscik Martin 21 March 2016 New poll puts Khan ahead as City Hall race officially gets underway Mayorwatch Retrieved 30 March 2016 Jones Owen 30 March 2016 Is Cameron proud of Zac Goldsmith s toxic mayoral campaign in the capital The Guardian Retrieved 30 March 2016 a b Poll shows Sadiq Khan leads Zac Goldsmith by six points in mayoral race ITV News 21 March 2016 Retrieved 30 March 2016 YouGov Survey Results PDF YouGov 10 March 2016 Retrieved 30 March 2016 Nickerson James 21 March 2016 London mayoral election 2016 Official start to campaign kicks off as poll reveals Labour s Sadiq Khan ahead of Conservatives Zac Goldsmith City AM Retrieved 30 March 2016 a b London mayoral election Sadiq Khan pledges to name bad landlords BBC News 9 March 2016 Retrieved 12 April 2016 Mason Rowena 8 March 2016 Make me mayor and I ll close gender pay gap says Sadiq Khan The Guardian Retrieved 12 April 2016 Green party s Sian Berry launches London mayor campaign manifesto Left Foot Forward 4 April 2016 Retrieved 12 April 2016 Holdsowrth Rachel 10 April 2016 Mayoral Election Digest Where s Zac The Londonist Retrieved 12 April 2016 a b c d Crerar Pippa 12 April 2016 Zac Goldsmith pledges 500 000 new jobs for Londoners London Evening Standard Retrieved 12 April 2016 Ramesh Randeep 12 April 2016 Zac Goldsmith accuses Sadiq Khan of giving cover to extremists The Guardian Retrieved 12 April 2016 Cooper Yvette 13 April 2017 Zac Goldsmith s dog whistle is becoming a racist scream The Times Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 10 February 2017 Chakelian Annosh 6 April 2016 The racial politics of Zac Goldsmith s London mayoral campaign New Statesman Retrieved 10 February 2017 Bennett Owen 12 April 2016 Zac Goldsmith It s Absurd To Call Me A Racist Huffington Post Retrieved 10 February 2017 Cecil Nicholas 22 April 2016 London Mayoral election Zac Goldsmith has mountain to climb as Sadiq Khan stretches poll lead London Evening Standard Retrieved 22 April 2016 Atkinson Andrew 1 May 2016 Anti Semitism Row Seen Damaging Labour in London Mayor Election London Evening Standard Retrieved 1 May 2016 Bienkov Adam 29 April 2016 Sadiq Khan holds his nerve as new poll suggests he s cruising to victory Politics UK Archived from the original on 30 April 2016 Retrieved 1 May 2016 Quinn Ben 29 April 2016 London mayoral race Zac Goldsmith wins backing of Polish prince The Guardian Retrieved 1 May 2016 a b Election day Investigation into turned away Barnet voters BBC News 5 May 2016 Retrieved 5 May 2016 a b Counting the votes London Elects Archived from the original on 3 May 2016 Retrieved 5 May 2016 Akkoc Raziye Riley Smith Ben Wilkinson Michael 8 May 2016 Hope over fear How Sadiq Khan won the mayoral election race Daily Telegraph Retrieved 9 May 2016 London Mayor Results BBC News 5 May 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov Evening Standard Survey Results PDF YouGov 4 May 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 LBC ITV London Mayoral Poll May 2016 ComRes 4 May 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 TNS Poll Sadiq Khan on course to be the next London Mayor TNS UK 4 May 2016 Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 Wells Anthony 3 May 2016 Polling on Thursday s Elections UK Polling Report Retrieved 27 January 2017 Lyons Lowe Damian 25 April 2016 A desire for the next London Mayor to make London a fairer city Survation Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov Evening Standard Survey Results PDF YouGov 19 April 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 ITV London LBC London Mayoral Survey PDF ComRes 3 April 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 27 April 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 Wells Anthony 4 April 2016 Latest GB and London voting intentions Retrieved 27 January 2017 ITV London LBC Mayoral Poll March 2016 ComRes 21 March 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov Survey Results PDF YouGov 10 March 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 Wells Anthony 8 March 2016 Opinium Show Khan Ahead in Mayoral Race UK Polling Report Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov LBC Survey Results PDF YouGov 6 January 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov Shelter Survey Results PDF YouGov 21 November 2015 Retrieved 27 January 2017 YouGov Evening Standard Survey Results PDF YouGov 8 October 2015 Retrieved 27 January 2017 London Mayoral Poll PDF Survation 17 August 2015 Retrieved 27 January 2017 a b c d e f Dahlgreen Will 13 August 2015 Goldsmith closing the gap on Jowell in London mayoral race YouGov Retrieved 30 January 2017 Allen Kate 6 May 2016 Recriminations start over Zac Goldsmith s London campaign Financial Times Retrieved 8 May 2016 Bagehot 6 May 2016 Recriminations start over Zac Goldsmith s London campaign The Economist Retrieved 8 May 2016 Jones Owen 7 May 2016 Forgive and forget Zac Goldsmith s racist campaign No chance The Guardian Retrieved 9 May 2016 Smith Mike Bloom Dan 7 May 2016 Election results 2016 recap Sadiq Khan ends day of announcements with landslide victory in London Daily Mirror Retrieved 8 May 2016 Stewart Heather 8 May 2016 Sadiq Khan widens rift with Jeremy Corbyn over Labour s pick sides strategy The Guardian Retrieved 8 May 2016 Khan Sadiq Sadiq Khan We cannot win with Corbyn so I will vote for Owen Smith The Guardian SLondon chooses hope over fear says new mayor Reuters video 7 May 2016 Retrieved 8 May 2016 Allegretti Aubrey 9 May 2016 Sadiq Khan Publicly Congratulated By William Shatner And Hillary Clinton But Not David Cameron Huffington Post Retrieved 9 May 2016 Roberts Rachel 10 May 2016 Haringey s London Assembly Member Joanne McCartney announced as Sadiq Khan s Deputy Mayor Hampstead and Highgate Express Archived from the original on 13 May 2016 Retrieved 13 May 2016 Forster Katie 7 May 2016 London Mayor election Green Party wins the second preference vote The Independent Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2016 Forster Katie Cooper Chris 7 May 2016 Women s Equality Party gets more than 350 000 votes and beats George Galloway in London The Independent Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2016 Colville Robert 7 May 2016 Women s Equality Party gets more than 350 000 votes and beats George Galloway in London The Spectator Archived from the original on 9 May 2016 Retrieved 9 May 2016 Fenton Siobhan 21 August 2016 George Galloway s Respect Party deregisters prompting speculation politician may rejoin Labour The Independent Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 21 August 2016 Tom Marshall 9 May 2016 Tooting by election triggered after Sadiq Khan stands down as MP Evening Standard Retrieved 11 May 2016 Tooting by election will be held on June 16 Wandsworth Council 11 May 2016 Archived from the original on 29 December 2017 Retrieved 12 May 2016 Quinn Ben Labour s Rosena Allin Khan holds Tooting in byelection The Guardian Retrieved 17 June 2016 Gil Martha 13 October 2016 Zac Goldsmith Would Run As Independent If Heathrow Goes Ahead Huffington Post Retrieved 25 October 2016 Wilkinson Michael Zac Goldsmith quits as Tory MP for Richmond Park over Heathrow airport expansion Daily Telegraph Retrieved 25 October 2016 Walker Peter 2 December 2016 Zac Goldsmith loses to Lib Dems in shockwave Richmond Park byelection The Guardian Retrieved 2 December 2016 Zac Goldsmith retakes Richmond Park BBC News 9 June 2017 Retrieved 22 November 2019 External links editLondon Elects Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2016 London mayoral election amp oldid 1171640990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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