Reformed Esperanto, or Esperanto 1894, is a constructed language derived from Esperanto (i.e., an Esperantido), created by the original creator of Esperanto. It is notable as the only complete Esperantido by L. L. Zamenhof. Pressured to address proposed reforms after some six years (since 1887), the project was eventually rejected by the majority and even Zamenhof himself later. However, some of the proposed reforms were used in the language Ido, beginning in 1907, and live on in that language.
Although Zamenhof's stated preference was to avoid any discussion of changes, he was put under considerable pressure, including financial, to respond to the diverse reforms proposed by others. Reluctantly he decided to present a reformed dialect himself and undertook to continue guiding the community, whether or not reforms were eventually agreed upon.
Although Zamenhof initially called his reform a systematic attempt to re-create the language in the light of more than six years of practical experience, scarcely any of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it as a whole. The majority voted to reject all changes. Zamenhof himself later rejected the whole project and referred to 1894 as 'a wasted year'. In 1907 he expressly refused permission to anyone wishing to re-publish the proposed reforms. In 1929 Johannes Dietterle cited this refusal as justification for omitting details of the reform project from his collection of Zamenhof's complete works, Originala Verkaro.
Some of the proposed reforms from 1894 such as replacing the -oj plural with -i, the removal of the diacritics and adjectival agreement were used in the language reform project Ido beginning in 1907, but these were not accepted by the Esperanto community either and Esperanto has changed relatively little since the publication of Zamenhof's Fundamento de Esperanto in 1905.
Main proposed changes
The accented letters would disappear, together with most of their sounds.
The "c" would be pronounced like the old "ŝ"; "z" as the old "c", i.e. as /ts/.
The letters "ĝ" and "ĵ" would be usually replaced by "g" and "j" respectively.
The definite article would be eliminated.
The accusative would have the same form as the nominative and depend on position for clarity.
A plural noun would replace "-o" with "-i", instead of adding "-j".
Both adjectives and adverbs would take the ending "-e", be invariable, and depend on position for clarity.
The number of participles would be reduced from six to two.
The table of correlatives would be replaced with words or phrases taken from Romance languages.
The roots of the language would be changed to reflect the new alphabet.
The roots of the language not taken from Latin or Romance languages would be replaced by such.
Reformed Esperanto (1894) (with revised word roots)
Ido (1907)
Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo,
Patro nue, kvu esten in cielo,
Patro nose, kvu esten in cielo,
Patro nia, qua esas en la cielo,
Via nomo estu sanktigita.
sankte estan tue nomo,
Sankte estan tue nomo.
tua nomo santigesez;
Venu Via regno,
venan regito tue,
Venan reksito tue,
tua regno advenez;
plenumiĝu Via volo,
estan volo tue,
estan vulo tue,
tua volo facesez
kiel en la ĉielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero.
kom in cielo, sik anku sur tero.
kom in cielo, sik anku sur tero.
quale en la cielo tale anke sur la tero.
Nian panon ĉiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ.
Pano nue omnedie donan al nu hodiu
Pano noseomnudie donan al nos hodiu
Donez a ni cadie l'omnadia pano,
Kaj pardonu al ni niajn ŝuldojn,
e pardonan al nu debi nue,
e pardonan al nos debi nose,
e pardonez a ni nia ofensi,
kiel ankaŭ ni pardonas al niaj ŝuldantoj.
kom nu anku pardonen al nue debenti;
kom nos anku pardonen al nose debenti;
quale anke ni pardonas a nia ofensanti;
Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton,
ne kondukan nu in tento,
ne kondukan nosversu tento,
e ne duktez ni aden la tento,
sed liberigu nin de la malbono.
sed liberigan nu de malbono.
sed liberigan nos de malbono.
ma liberigez ni del malajo.
Sources
^Gramatiko, L.L. Zamenhof, February 1894, Esperantisto Nº 2 [50], p. 17-21, collected in Pri Reformoj en Esperanto, Coulommiers Imprimerie Paul Brodard 1907.
Pri Reformoj en Esperanto. Collection of the articles published by Zamenhof in 1894) (in Esperanto)
Pri Reformoj en Esperanto(in Esperanto). The articles of L. Zamenhof 1894 from La Esperantista on archive.org.
Antaŭen al la laboro! Plena Verkaro de Zamenhof, kajero 3. Kyoto: Ludovikito, 1974. (in Esperanto)
Washirei (2010). Esperanto 1894. Blogo por esperantologoj kaj ne nur!. (in Esperanto) Retrieved January 8, 2011.
External links
Esperanto 1894 at the Conlang Atlas of Language Structures.
January 07, 2023
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations October 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Reformed Esperanto or Esperanto 1894 is a constructed language derived from Esperanto i e an Esperantido created by the original creator of Esperanto It is notable as the only complete Esperantido by L L Zamenhof Pressured to address proposed reforms after some six years since 1887 the project was eventually rejected by the majority and even Zamenhof himself later However some of the proposed reforms were used in the language Ido beginning in 1907 and live on in that language Contents 1 Background 2 Main proposed changes 3 Alphabet 4 Language samples for comparison 5 Sources 6 External linksBackground EditAlthough Zamenhof s stated preference was to avoid any discussion of changes he was put under considerable pressure including financial to respond to the diverse reforms proposed by others Reluctantly he decided to present a reformed dialect himself and undertook to continue guiding the community whether or not reforms were eventually agreed upon Although Zamenhof initially called his reform a systematic attempt to re create the language in the light of more than six years of practical experience scarcely any of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it as a whole The majority voted to reject all changes Zamenhof himself later rejected the whole project and referred to 1894 as a wasted year In 1907 he expressly refused permission to anyone wishing to re publish the proposed reforms In 1929 Johannes Dietterle cited this refusal as justification for omitting details of the reform project from his collection of Zamenhof s complete works Originala Verkaro Some of the proposed reforms from 1894 such as replacing the oj plural with i the removal of the diacritics and adjectival agreement were used in the language reform project Ido beginning in 1907 but these were not accepted by the Esperanto community either and Esperanto has changed relatively little since the publication of Zamenhof s Fundamento de Esperanto in 1905 Main proposed changes EditThe accented letters would disappear together with most of their sounds The c would be pronounced like the old ŝ z as the old c i e as ts The letters ĝ and ĵ would be usually replaced by g and j respectively The definite article would be eliminated The accusative would have the same form as the nominative and depend on position for clarity A plural noun would replace o with i instead of adding j Both adjectives and adverbs would take the ending e be invariable and depend on position for clarity The number of participles would be reduced from six to two The table of correlatives would be replaced with words or phrases taken from Romance languages The roots of the language would be changed to reflect the new alphabet The roots of the language not taken from Latin or Romance languages would be replaced by such Alphabet EditEsperanto 1894 alphabet Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22Upper case A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V ZLower case a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v zIPA phoneme a b ʃ d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v t sLanguage samples for comparison EditThe Lord s Prayer in several Reformed versions and standard Esperanto for comparison Standard Esperanto 1887 Reformed Esperanto 1894 1 early version Reformed Esperanto 1894 with revised word roots Ido 1907 Patro nia kiu estas en la ĉielo Patro nue kvu esten in cielo Patro nose kvu esten in cielo Patro nia qua esas en la cielo Via nomo estu sanktigita sankte estan tue nomo Sankte estan tue nomo tua nomo santigesez Venu Via regno venan regito tue Venan reksito tue tua regno advenez plenumiĝu Via volo estan volo tue estan vulo tue tua volo facesezkiel en la ĉielo tiel ankaŭ sur la tero kom in cielo sik anku sur tero kom in cielo sik anku sur tero quale en la cielo tale anke sur la tero Nian panon ĉiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ Pano nue omnedie donan al nu hodiu Pano nose omnudie donan al nos hodiu Donez a ni cadie l omnadia pano Kaj pardonu al ni niajn ŝuldojn e pardonan al nu debi nue e pardonan al nos debi nose e pardonez a ni nia ofensi kiel ankaŭ ni pardonas al niaj ŝuldantoj kom nu anku pardonen al nue debenti kom nos anku pardonen al nose debenti quale anke ni pardonas a nia ofensanti Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton ne kondukan nu in tento ne kondukan nos versu tento e ne duktez ni aden la tento sed liberigu nin de la malbono sed liberigan nu de malbono sed liberigan nos de malbono ma liberigez ni del malajo Sources Edit Gramatiko L L Zamenhof February 1894 Esperantisto Nº 2 50 p 17 21 collected in Pri Reformoj en Esperanto Coulommiers Imprimerie Paul Brodard 1907 https web archive org web 20160304080500 https www scribd com doc 288010765 Pri Reformoj en Esperanto Pri Reformoj en Esperanto Collection of the articles published by Zamenhof in 1894 in Esperanto Pri Reformoj en Esperanto in Esperanto The articles of L Zamenhof 1894 from La Esperantista on archive org https sites google com site esperanto1894 in Esperanto Overview and list of changes made in Esperanto1894 incl Vortaro of roots Antaŭen al la laboro Plena Verkaro de Zamenhof kajero 3 Kyoto Ludovikito 1974 in Esperanto Washirei 2010 Esperanto 1894 Blogo por esperantologoj kaj ne nur in Esperanto Retrieved January 8 2011 External links EditEsperanto 1894 at the Conlang Atlas of Language Structures Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reformed Esperanto amp oldid 1076656260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
