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Forza Italia (2013)

January 01, 1970

For the defunct political party active between 1994 and 2009, see Forza Italia.

Forza Italia[nb 1] (FI; lit. 'Forward Italy' or 'Come on Italy' or 'Let's Go Italy')[2][3][4][5] is a centre-right[6][7] political party in Italy, whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism,[8][9][10] Christian democracy,[8][11] liberalism[12][13] and populism.[14][15][16] FI is a member of the European People's Party. Silvio Berlusconi (former Prime Minister of Italy, 1994–1995, 2001–2006, and 2008–2011) was the party's leader and president until his death in 2023. The party has since been led by Antonio Tajani (former President of the European Parliament, 2017–2019), who had been vice president and coordinatior and now functions as secretary. Other leading members include Elisabetta Casellati (former President of the Senate, 2018–2022).

Forza Italia
AbbreviationFI
SecretaryAntonio Tajani
FounderSilvio Berlusconi
Founded16 November 2013; 10 years ago (2013-11-16)
Preceded byThe People of Freedom
HeadquartersPiazza San Lorenzo in Lucina 4, Rome
NewspaperIl Mattinale
Student wingStudenti per le Libertà
Youth wingForza Italia Giovani
Women's wingAzzurro Donna
Membership (2024)110,000[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right
National affiliationCentre-right coalition
European affiliationEuropean People's Party
European Parliament groupEuropean People's Party
Colours  Azure
Chamber of Deputies
45 / 400
Senate
19 / 200
European Parliament
11 / 76
Regional Councils
71 / 896
Conference of Regions
5 / 21
Website
www.forzaitalia.it

The party branched out of the People of Freedom (PdL) in 2013, and is a revival of the original Forza Italia (FI), founded in 1994 and disbanded in 2009, when it was merged with National Alliance (AN) and several minor parties to form the PdL. FI is a smaller party than the early PdL,[17] which suffered three significant splits: Future and Freedom in 2010, Brothers of Italy in 2012, and the New Centre-Right in 2013. In the 2018 general election FI was overtaken by the League as the largest party of the centre-right coalition, and in the 2022 general election it became the third largest in the coalition, as Brothers of Italy (FdI) became the new dominant party of the Italian centre-right.

After participating in the national unity government led by Mario Draghi, in October 2022 FI joined the government majority of the Meloni Cabinet with five ministers, including Tajani as deputy prime minister and foreign affairs minister.

History edit

Background and foundation edit

The new FI, announced in June 2013,[18][19] was launched on 18 September[20][21][22][23] and the PdL was formally dissolved into the party on 16 November.[24] The day before a group of dissidents (mainly Christian democrats), led by Berlusconi's former protégé Angelino Alfano, had broken away by announcing the foundation of the alternative New Centre-Right (NCD).[25] Another group of PdL members, led by former mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno, had left the party earlier to form Italy First and would later join Brothers of Italy (FdI).[26] According to Berlusconi, the PdL would become a coalition of centre-right parties, including the new FI, Lega Nord (LN), the NCD, the FdI, etc.[27]

Among the supporters of the return to FI, the so-called "hawks"[28] and self-proclaimed "loyalists",[29] a leading role was played by Raffaele Fitto, who, despite the common Christian-democratic background, was a long-time rival of Alfano. Loyalists included Antonio Martino, Renato Brunetta, Denis Verdini, Mariastella Gelmini, Mara Carfagna, Daniela Santanchè, Niccolò Ghedini and Daniele Capezzone, while Maurizio Gasparri, Altero Matteoli and Paolo Romani tried to mediate, but finally joined the new FI.[30][31] The symbol of FI made its return in the 2013 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol provincial elections, although in a regional fashion: "Forza Trentino"[32] and "Forza Alto Adige" (in list with Lega Nord Alto Adige – Südtirol).[33]

On 27 November, the Senate approved Berlusconi's expulsion,[34] following the leader's conviction for tax evasion in August, when Berlusconi was sentenced to four years of imprisonment, the last three being automatically pardoned.[35] The day before FI had joined the opposition to Enrico Letta's government,[36] which was still supported by Alfano's NCD instead. The latter voted against Berlusconi's expulsion,[37][38] but since then completely parted ways from FI.

Internal struggles and Toti's rise edit

As of the end of December 2013, Berlusconi was set to appoint two vice presidents: Antonio Tajani (European Commissioner and vice president of the European People's Party) and Giovanni Toti (former editor of Studio Aperto and TG4,[39] two news programs of Berlusconi's Mediaset).[40] As a result of the resentment by the party's old guard, notably including Fitto, on the alleged appointment of Toti also as coordinator-at-large, Berlusconi appointed him merely "political counselor" to the party.[41][42]

 
Silvio Berlusconi in 2018

In the 2014 European Parliament election, FI obtained 16.8% of the vote and had 13 MEPs elected, including Toti in the North-West, Elisabetta Gardini in the North-East, Tajani (who had first been elected to the European Parliament in 1994) in the Centre and, most notably, Fitto (who garnered more than 180,000 votes in his native Apulia alone) in the South.[43]

Fitto, the strongest backer of Berlusconi's leadership in late 2013, became his main internal challenger by mid 2014. After months of bickering with Berlusconi over the so-called "Nazareno pact" with Matteo Renzi, leader of the Democratic Party and Prime Minister, in February 2015, Fitto launched his own faction, named "Rebuilders".[44] Fitto's supporters included Capezzone, Maurizio Bianconi, Rocco Palese, Saverio Romano, Cinzia Bonfrisco, Augusto Minzolini and most Apulian MPs.[45]

In September 2014, FI was admitted into the European People's Party (EPP), inheriting the PdL's membership.[46]

2015 regional elections and splits edit

In the run-up of the 2015 regional elections, the party was riven in internal disputes and was divided mainly in three groups: Berlusconi's loyalists, Fitto's "Rebuilders" and nostalgics of the "Nazareno pact".[47][48] The latter were led by Verdini and some of them, notably including Bondi, were openly pro-Renzi.[49][50] Bondi, a former Berlusconi loyalist, and his partner Manuela Repetti left the party in March,[51][52] while other disgruntled Verdiniani propped up the government from time to time. Berlusconi chose Toti as candidate for president in Liguria, confirmed incumbent Stefano Caldoro as the party's standard-bearer in Campania and renewed their support of LN's Luca Zaia in Veneto.[53] However, Berlusconi and Fitto did not find an agreement on the composition of the slates in Apulia, where the two wings of the party fielded two opposing candidates for president,[54][55][56] and similar problems arose in Tuscany,[57] Verdini's (and Renzi's) home region and stronghold.

Two weeks before the elections, Fitto left FI and the European People's Party group in the European Parliament in order to join the European Conservatives and Reformists and start his own party, the Conservatives and Reformists (CR).[58] By mid July, when CR was formally established as a party, nine deputies, ten senators and another MEP had left FI to follow Fitto.[59][60][61][62]

In the elections, the party lost many votes, mainly to the LN, and gained more than 10% only in three regions out seven (including Apulia, where the party's candidate did worse than Fitto's one, while, in Veneto, a former stronghold, FI barely reached 6%), but, thanks to the LN's strong showing, Toti was elected President of Liguria.

Another split occurred in late July, when Verdini led his group out of the party and launched the Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA).[63][64][65]

Toward a new centre-right coalition edit

 
Antonio Tajani, President of the European Parliament from 2017 to 2019

In the 2016 Milan municipal election, FI found a strong candidate for mayor in Stefano Parisi, a former director-general of Confindustria and CEO of Fastweb, who pulled the party to 20.2% (virtually double than the LN's score), but however narrowly lost to his Democratic opponent in the run-off, Giuseppe Sala. After the election, FI was basically divided in two camps: one led by Parisi, who did not officially joined the party and proposed a more traditional centre-right "liberal-popular" path, and the other led by Toti, who had formed a strong partnership with Roberto Maroni and Luca Zaia, the LN's presidents of Lombardy and Veneto, and was supportive of a full-scale alliance with LN and, possibly, of its leader Matteo Salvini's bid to become the leader of the centre-right coalition.[66][67][68] In November, when it was clear that Parisi would not come to terms with Salvini, Berlusconi disowned Parisi,[69][70] who responded by launching his own Energies for Italy (EpI) party.[71][72][73]

Since then, the party has strengthened its position in parliament, thanks to an influx of MPs from other parties, including several returning after years of dissent. In August 2016, the party was re-joined by two senators, including Renato Schifani from the NCD and another from the ALA. In November came Mario Mauro and his Populars for Italy (PpI).[74] Since June 2017, the party was joined by three deputies and one senator from Popular Alternative (AP, ex-NCD), one deputy and one senator from the Mixed Group (ex-Five Star Movement, M5S), one deputy from Direction Italy (DI, ex-CR), one from Solidary Democracy (Demo.S), one from Act! (F!, ex-LN) and two senators from the ALA.[75][74] Particularly, Enrico Costa left AP and resigned from minister of Regional Affairs in Paolo Gentiloni's centre-left government,[76] aiming at forming a "liberal centre" with FI.[77] In the context of a more united centre-right, Costa might form the "fourth leg" of the coalition, after the LN, FI and the FdI, by uniting other AP splinters, DI, F!, Identity and Action (IdeA), the Italian Liberal Party (PLI), the Union of the Centre (UdC), and the Pensioners' Party (PP),[78][79][80] all variously affiliated with FI and the centre-right. Not all FI members were happy with all that; in fact, two senators and one deputy, Daniela Santanchè, switched to the FdI.[81]

In January 2017, Antonio Tajani was elected President of the European Parliament, the first Italian since Emilio Colombo (1977–1979).

2018 general and 2019 European Parliament elections edit

In the 2018 general election, FI obtained 14.0% of the vote and was overtaken by the LN for the first time as the largest party of the centre-right. After the election, long-time FI senator Elisabetta Casellati, was appointed President of the Senate, with centre-right's and M5S' support. After months of negotiations, the centre-right fragmented as the LN chose to team up with the M5S and formed a yellow-green government, also dubbed as Government of Change, under Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte.

In July, Berlusconi appointed Tajani, who had been previously tipped as candidate for Prime Minister in the run-up of the 2018 general election,[82] vice president and Adriano Galliani coordinator of departments,[83][84][85] in an effort to restructure the party, which was shrinking in opinion polls.

2019 European Parliament election and internal developments edit

 
Berlusconi at the European People's Party Congress in 2019

Berlusconi decided to run in the 2019 European Parliament election as FI's top candidate in all Italian constituencies, except for central Italy.[86][87] In the election, FI received only 8.8% of the vote, its worst result ever. Berlusconi was one of the party's elected representatives to the European Parliament, and the oldest member of the assembly.[88]

In June, Berlusconi appointed Toti and Carfagna national coordinators, with the goal of reforming and relaunching the party.[89] However, after a few weeks, Toti left the party in opposition to Berlusconi[90] and launched Cambiamo!.[91] One of the main reasons for the split was Toti's support of an alliance with the League and the Brothers of Italy (FdI) at national-level, about which Berlusconi was reticent and Carfagna against.[91][92][93]

Draghi's national unity government edit

Main article: Draghi Cabinet

In January 2021, Conte's second government fell after losing support from Matteo Renzi's Italia Viva party.[94] Subsequently, President Mattarella appointed Mario Draghi to form a cabinet,[95] which won support from FI, the League,[96] the PD[97] and the M5S.[98] FI was given three ministers in the new government: Renato Brunetta at Public Administration, Mariastella Gelmini at Regional Affairs and Mara Carfagna at the South.

In July 2022 the M5S did not participate in a Senate's confidence vote on a government bill. Prime Minister Draghi offered his resignation, which was rejected by President Mattarella.[99] After a few days, Draghi sought a confidence vote again to secure the government majority supporting his cabinet, while rejecting the proposal put forward by Lega and FI of a new government without the M5S.[100] In that occasion, FI as well as the M5S, Lega and FdI, did not participate in the vote.[101] Consequently, Draghi tendered his final resignation to President Mattarella, who dissolved the houses of Parliament, leading to a snap election.[102][103] The party's abstention led some leading members of FI, notably including the three ministers Brunetta, Gelmini and Carfagna, to leave the party.[104][105][106]

Meloni government and Berlusconi's death edit

In the 2022 general election, FI, which was part of the winning centre-right coalition, won 8.1% of the vote, compared to FdI's 26.0% and the League's 8.8%. As a result, Giorgia Meloni, leader of FdI, accepted the task of forming a new government and announced the Meloni Cabinet, which assumed official functions after each ministers were sworn in on 22 October.[107][108] FI joined the new government with five ministers, notably including Tajani as deputy prime minister and minister of Foreign Affairs.[109]

On 12 June 2023 Berlusconi died,[110] leaving the party's future in uncertainty.[111][112] The Italian government, led by Meloni, proclaimed a national day of mourning for the day of the funeral, also ordering that flags be flown half mast for three days.[113] On 14 June, Berlusconi's state funeral was officiated in the Ambrosian Rite in the Milan Cathedral by Mario Delpini, the Archbishop of Milan; the funeral was attended, among others, by President Mattarella, Meloni and the entire government, as well as opposition leaders and foreign heads of state or government.[114]

A few days after Berlusconi's death, the party announced that a national council would be summoned before the end of summer in order to appoint an acting president and determine the road map toward the national congress that would elect the new party's leadership.[115]

Leadership of Tajani and 2024 EP election edit

In July 2023 the party's national council amended the party's statute by removing the post of president, which would be forever associated with Berlusconi (including in the party's symbol), and introducing the post of secretary. Contextually, Tajani was unanimously elected secretary.[116]

In February 2024 the party held its first national congress. Tajani was unanimously re-elected secretary, along with four deputy secretaries (Stefano Benigni, Deborah Bergamini, Alberto Cirio and Roberto Occhiuto), while Renato Schifani was appointed president of the national council.[117][118][119]

In the run-up of the 2024 European Parliament election FI formed a joint list with Us Moderates,[120] signed an electoral pact with the South Tyrolean People's Party[121] and welcomed candidates of the Sardinian Reformers.[122] Additionally, FI or individual FI candidates were endorsed by Coraggio Italia,[123] the Movement for Autonomy,[124] Future Sicily,[125] Christian Democracy,[126] New Times – United Populars,[127] other minor or local Christian-democratic groups,[128] the Transnational Radical Party[129] and the Italian Liberal Party.[130] Moreover, a number of former members of Lega Nord, notably including Flavio Tosi (former leader of Liga Veneta, now leader of FI in Veneto), Alessandro Sorte (leader of FI in Lombardy), Roberto Cota (former president of Piedmont), Marco Reguzzoni (former floor leader of Lega Nord in the Chamber of Deputies), Massimiliano Bastoni (former member of Lega Nord's right-wing and leading Padanian nationalist), Matteo Gazzini (outgoing MEP and leader of FI in South Tyrol) and Stefania Zambelli (outgoing MEP), formed, within the party, a coalition named "Forza Nord".[131]

Ideology and factions edit

FI's ideology is similar to that of its predecessor, The People of Freedom (PdL), a big tent centre-right party including Christian democrats, liberals, conservatives, and social democrats. FI presents itself as a "liberal", "Catholic", "reformist", and "moderate" alternative to the political left in alliance with the political right[132][133][134] but not rightist itself.[135] The PdL's break-up and the exit of the New Centre-Right (NCD) left FI with a more liberal base. Generally speaking, with the long-prepared return to FI, Berlusconi aimed at returning to the party's "liberal roots"; in doing so, he reinforced his ties with those liberals, like Antonio Martino, who had been marginalised in the PdL,[136] while losing many of its Christian democrats and conservatives to the NCD. After NCD's internal struggles, its transformation into Popular Alternative (AP) and several splits, some NCD conservatives have returned to FI. In 2015, FI lost several liberal MPs, who formed the Liberal Popular Alliance in support to Matteo Renzi's cabinet.

FI includes several factions and ideological trends. The party's leading faction was long not an organised one: named the "magic circle" by journalists (a reference to a defunct faction within Lega Nord), it was composed of Berlusconi's closest allies, notably including Giovanni Toti, Mariarosaria Rossi, Deborah Bergamini, and Francesca Pascale (Berlusconi's partner).[137][138] Since being elected President of Liguria in 2015, Toti became more autonomous from Berlusconi and more and more a strong supporter of closer ties with Lega Nord.[139][140] In 2018, Toti lost the title of "political counselor" (the closest thing to a number two so far) and Berlusconi appointed Antonio Tajani as vice president. In 2019, Toti finally left the party.[90][91]

 
Berlusconi with then FI's leaders in the Parliament, Mariastella Gelmini and Anna Maria Bernini

On social issues, most FI politicians are conservative, even though a minority of them can be considered liberal. According to an article from Corriere della Sera, on the so-called "ethical issues" like abortion and LGBT rights, the party aimed at returning to its 1994's original values, including "liberalism, the socialist roots, even the radical component", respected its MPs' "freedom of conscience", and was open to civil unions, while NCD's positions were "closer to those of the European traditionalist right".[141] In October 2014, Berlusconi personally endorsed Renzi's proposals on civil unions for gays and a quicker path to citizenship to Italian-born children of immigrants;[142] however, the party remained socially conservative. FI clarified that it considers marriage solely as the union between a man and a woman.[143] The majority of its members voted against civil unions, whereas the NCD voted in favour.[144][145] Moreover, the party is critical of teaching gender studies in schools.[146] Party members are generally opposed to abortion and seek to limit access to them[147] and euthanasia.[148] The party has criticised illegal immigration and the way it has been managed by centre-left coalition governments.[149] It has also declared itself against the introduction of jus soli in Italy.[150] In addition, the party is opposed to drug liberalisation, which it considers potentially negative for health and not useful for solving criminal matters.[151] When FI's predecessors were in power, they restricted the legislation on the matter, with the Fini-Giovanardi law.[152] Finally, FI considers Italy as a country with a Christian civilisation and favours displaying Christian symbols in public places.[153]

On economic issues, FI is more supportive of the private rather than the public sector. It aims at representing business owners' interests and has often advocated for a reduction of taxation, red tape, and public expenditure. One of its latest proposals is the introduction of a flat tax. In addition, FI is more supportive of free trade agreements rather than protectionism.[154]

On foreign policy, the party supports the European Union (EU), despite elements of criticism, NATO, and a close relationship with the United States. FI also seeks good relations with Russia, especially in defence of the interests of Italian companies that export to the Russian market.[155] The party is a member of the Europeanist, centre-right European People's Party (EPP). Whereas most of its members are supportive of the European Union (EU), the most notable example being Tajani (President of the European Parliament from 2017 to 2019), others are slightly Eurosceptic and have criticised the Euro and Germany's role in the EU.[156][157][158] The party refuses the "Eurosceptic" label, while supporting a reform of the EU.[159] In 2017 Berlusconi reconciled with Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany and one of the EPP leaders, after years of hostility, re-affirming his support to the European integration and his hostility towards populism.[160][161][162]

Popular support edit

The electoral results of the FI in general (Chamber of Deputies) and European Parliament elections since 2014 are shown in the chart below.

Electoral results edit

Italian Parliament edit

Election Leader Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2018 Silvio Berlusconi 4,596,956 14.0
106 / 630
 New 4th 4,358,004 14.4
58 / 315
 New 4th
2022 2,278,217 8.1
45 / 400
   61   5th 2,279,802 8.3
18 / 200
   40   5th

European Parliament edit

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Position
2014 Silvio Berlusconi 4,614,364 16.8
13 / 73
 New 3rd
2019 2,351,673 8.8
7 / 76
   6   4th

Regional Councils edit

Region Election year Votes % Seats +/− Status in legislature
Aosta Valley 2020 Joint list with Brothers of Italy
0 / 35
   1 No seats
Piedmont 2019 161,137 8.4
3 / 50
   3 Majority
Lombardy 2023 208,420 7.2
6 / 80
   8 Majority
South Tyrol 2023 1,625 0.6
0 / 35
   0 No seats
Trentino 2023 4,708 2.0
0 / 35
   1 No seats
Veneto 2020 73,244 3.6
2 / 51
   1 Majority
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2023 26,329 6.7
3 / 49
   2 Majority
Emilia-Romagna 2020 55,317 2.6
1 / 50
   1 Opposition
Liguria 2020 33,040 5.3
1 / 31
   2 Majority
Tuscany 2020 69,456 4.3
1 / 41
   1 Opposition
Marche 2020 36,716 5.9
2 / 31
   0 Majority
Umbria 2019 22,991 5.5
1 / 21
   0 Majority
Lazio 2023 130,368 8.4
3 / 50
   3 Majority
Abruzzo 2024 77,841 13.4
4 / 31
   1 Majority
Molise 2023 16,924 12.0
3 / 21
   0 Majority
Campania 2020 121,695 5.2
2 / 51
   5 Opposition
Apulia 2020 149,399 8.9
4 / 51
   1 Opposition
Basilicata 2024 34 018 13.0
3 / 21
   0 Majority
Calabria 2021 131,882 17.3
7 / 31
   2 Majority
Sicily 2022 275,736 14.8
11 / 70
   3 Majority
Sardinia 2024 43,171 6.3
3 / 60
   2 Opposition

Leadership edit

2013–2023
2023–present
Parliament

Symbols edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The name is not usually translated into English: forza is the second-person singular imperative of forzare, in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Italy" or "Go, Italy!". Forza Italia! was used as a sport slogan, and was also the slogan of Christian Democracy in the 1987 general election (see Giovanni Baccarin, Che fine ha fatto la DC?, Gregoriana, Padova 2000). See Forza Italia for details.

References edit

  1. ^ https://www.agenzianova.com/a/659bdb7a7512f4.61350505/4754072/2024-01-08/fi-tajani-raggiunto-110-mila-iscritti-gia-eletti-196-delegati-al-congresso-del-23-e-24-febbraio#:~:text=FI%3A%20Tajani%2C%20raggiunto%20110%20mila,Agenzia%20Nova
  2. ^ Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.
  3. ^ Donatella M. Viola (2015). Italy. Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.
  4. ^ Patrick McCarthy (2002). Stephen Gundle; Simon Parker (eds.). Forza Italia: the new politics and old values of a changing Italy. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-134-80791-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Diego Gambetta; Steven Warner (2016). Josep M. Colomer (ed.). Italy: Lofty Ambitions and Unintended Consequences. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-230-52274-9. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Nicolò Conti (2015). "No Longer Pro-European? Politicisation and contestation of Europe and Italy". In Andrea Mammone; Ercole Giap Parini; Giuseppe Veltri (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Italy: History, Politics, Society. Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-317-48755-5.
  7. ^ Morieson, Nicholas (2021). Religion and the Populist Radical Right. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press. pp. xvii. ISBN 978-1-64889-217-2. OCLC 1241448267.
  8. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  9. ^ Adami, Marina (30 September 2021). "A Crowded and Complex Picture: Local Elections in Italy". Green European Journal. from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  10. ^ Augusto Gnisci; Margherita Asterope; Risa Casapulla; Maria D’Agostino; Gaetano Perillo (2022). "Threat to Face and Equivocation in Televised Interviews of Italy's Politicians For and Against the 2016 Constitutional Referendum". In Ofer Feldman (ed.). Adversarial Political Interviewing: Worldwide Perspectives During Polarized Times. Springer Nature. p. 89. ISBN 9789811905766.
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  12. ^ Saini, Valentina (20 July 2022). "La Liga, Forza Italia y el M5E abandonan a Draghi al no votar la moción de confianza" (in Spanish). La Voz de Asturias. from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
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  15. ^ The SAGE handbook of European foreign policy. Knud Erik Jrgensen, Åsne Kalland Aarstad, Edith Drieskens, Katie Verlin Laatikainen, Ben Tonra. London. 2015. p. 539. ISBN 978-1-4739-1443-8. OCLC 915156254.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  16. ^ Heinisch, Reinhard (2021). Political Populism : Handbook of Concepts, Questions and Strategies of Research. Christina Holtz-Bacha, Oscar Mazzoleni (2 ed.). Baden-Baden. p. 406. ISBN 978-3-7489-0751-0. OCLC 1286432010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ "Italian politics: Not so forza any more". The Economist. 13 August 2015. from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  18. ^ "Berlusconi al Tg1: torna Forza Italia e sarò io a guidarla" (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 28 June 2013. from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  19. ^ "Berlusconi annuncia ritorno di Forza Italia. "Temo che sarò ancora il numero uno"" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 28 June 2013. from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
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  22. ^ "Berlusconi Vows to Stay in Politics if Ousted From Senate". The Wall Street Journal. 18 September 2013.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ "Berlusconi Stakes a Claim for Relevance, but Avoids Threats". The New York Times. 18 September 2013. from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  24. ^ "Berlusconi breaks away from Italian government after party splits". Reuters. 16 November 2013. from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  25. ^ "È rottura tra Berlusconi e Alfano Il vicepremier annuncia i nuovi gruppi" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 16 November 2013. from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  26. ^ "Alemanno lancia "Prima l'Italia": "La priorità è portare il Paese fuori dalla crisi"" (in Italian). Il Messaggero. 13 October 2013. from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
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External links edit

  • Official website

January 01, 1970
forza, italia, 2013, defunct, political, party, active, between, 1994, 2009, forza, italia, forza, italia, forward, italy, come, italy, italy, centre, right, political, party, italy, whose, ideology, includes, elements, liberal, conservatism, christian, democr. For the defunct political party active between 1994 and 2009 see Forza Italia Forza Italia nb 1 FI lit Forward Italy or Come on Italy or Let s Go Italy 2 3 4 5 is a centre right 6 7 political party in Italy whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism 8 9 10 Christian democracy 8 11 liberalism 12 13 and populism 14 15 16 FI is a member of the European People s Party Silvio Berlusconi former Prime Minister of Italy 1994 1995 2001 2006 and 2008 2011 was the party s leader and president until his death in 2023 The party has since been led by Antonio Tajani former President of the European Parliament 2017 2019 who had been vice president and coordinatior and now functions as secretary Other leading members include Elisabetta Casellati former President of the Senate 2018 2022 Forza ItaliaAbbreviationFISecretaryAntonio TajaniFounderSilvio BerlusconiFounded16 November 2013 10 years ago 2013 11 16 Preceded byThe People of FreedomHeadquartersPiazza San Lorenzo in Lucina 4 RomeNewspaperIl MattinaleStudent wingStudenti per le LibertaYouth wingForza Italia GiovaniWomen s wingAzzurro DonnaMembership 2024 110 000 1 IdeologyLiberal conservatismChristian democracyPolitical positionCentre rightNational affiliationCentre right coalitionEuropean affiliationEuropean People s PartyEuropean Parliament groupEuropean People s PartyColours AzureChamber of Deputies45 400Senate19 200European Parliament11 76Regional Councils71 896Conference of Regions5 21Websitewww wbr forzaitalia wbr itPolitics of ItalyPolitical partiesElections The party branched out of the People of Freedom PdL in 2013 and is a revival of the original Forza Italia FI founded in 1994 and disbanded in 2009 when it was merged with National Alliance AN and several minor parties to form the PdL FI is a smaller party than the early PdL 17 which suffered three significant splits Future and Freedom in 2010 Brothers of Italy in 2012 and the New Centre Right in 2013 In the 2018 general election FI was overtaken by the League as the largest party of the centre right coalition and in the 2022 general election it became the third largest in the coalition as Brothers of Italy FdI became the new dominant party of the Italian centre right After participating in the national unity government led by Mario Draghi in October 2022 FI joined the government majority of the Meloni Cabinet with five ministers including Tajani as deputy prime minister and foreign affairs minister Contents 1 History 1 1 Background and foundation 1 2 Internal struggles and Toti s rise 1 3 2015 regional elections and splits 1 4 Toward a new centre right coalition 1 5 2018 general and 2019 European Parliament elections 1 6 2019 European Parliament election and internal developments 1 7 Draghi s national unity government 1 8 Meloni government and Berlusconi s death 1 9 Leadership of Tajani and 2024 EP election 2 Ideology and factions 3 Popular support 4 Electoral results 4 1 Italian Parliament 4 2 European Parliament 4 3 Regional Councils 5 Leadership 6 Symbols 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksHistory editBackground and foundation edit The new FI announced in June 2013 18 19 was launched on 18 September 20 21 22 23 and the PdL was formally dissolved into the party on 16 November 24 The day before a group of dissidents mainly Christian democrats led by Berlusconi s former protege Angelino Alfano had broken away by announcing the foundation of the alternative New Centre Right NCD 25 Another group of PdL members led by former mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno had left the party earlier to form Italy First and would later join Brothers of Italy FdI 26 According to Berlusconi the PdL would become a coalition of centre right parties including the new FI Lega Nord LN the NCD the FdI etc 27 Among the supporters of the return to FI the so called hawks 28 and self proclaimed loyalists 29 a leading role was played by Raffaele Fitto who despite the common Christian democratic background was a long time rival of Alfano Loyalists included Antonio Martino Renato Brunetta Denis Verdini Mariastella Gelmini Mara Carfagna Daniela Santanche Niccolo Ghedini and Daniele Capezzone while Maurizio Gasparri Altero Matteoli and Paolo Romani tried to mediate but finally joined the new FI 30 31 The symbol of FI made its return in the 2013 Trentino Alto Adige Sudtirol provincial elections although in a regional fashion Forza Trentino 32 and Forza Alto Adige in list with Lega Nord Alto Adige Sudtirol 33 On 27 November the Senate approved Berlusconi s expulsion 34 following the leader s conviction for tax evasion in August when Berlusconi was sentenced to four years of imprisonment the last three being automatically pardoned 35 The day before FI had joined the opposition to Enrico Letta s government 36 which was still supported by Alfano s NCD instead The latter voted against Berlusconi s expulsion 37 38 but since then completely parted ways from FI Internal struggles and Toti s rise edit As of the end of December 2013 Berlusconi was set to appoint two vice presidents Antonio Tajani European Commissioner and vice president of the European People s Party and Giovanni Toti former editor of Studio Aperto and TG4 39 two news programs of Berlusconi s Mediaset 40 As a result of the resentment by the party s old guard notably including Fitto on the alleged appointment of Toti also as coordinator at large Berlusconi appointed him merely political counselor to the party 41 42 nbsp Silvio Berlusconi in 2018 In the 2014 European Parliament election FI obtained 16 8 of the vote and had 13 MEPs elected including Toti in the North West Elisabetta Gardini in the North East Tajani who had first been elected to the European Parliament in 1994 in the Centre and most notably Fitto who garnered more than 180 000 votes in his native Apulia alone in the South 43 Fitto the strongest backer of Berlusconi s leadership in late 2013 became his main internal challenger by mid 2014 After months of bickering with Berlusconi over the so called Nazareno pact with Matteo Renzi leader of the Democratic Party and Prime Minister in February 2015 Fitto launched his own faction named Rebuilders 44 Fitto s supporters included Capezzone Maurizio Bianconi Rocco Palese Saverio Romano Cinzia Bonfrisco Augusto Minzolini and most Apulian MPs 45 In September 2014 FI was admitted into the European People s Party EPP inheriting the PdL s membership 46 2015 regional elections and splits edit In the run up of the 2015 regional elections the party was riven in internal disputes and was divided mainly in three groups Berlusconi s loyalists Fitto s Rebuilders and nostalgics of the Nazareno pact 47 48 The latter were led by Verdini and some of them notably including Bondi were openly pro Renzi 49 50 Bondi a former Berlusconi loyalist and his partner Manuela Repetti left the party in March 51 52 while other disgruntled Verdiniani propped up the government from time to time Berlusconi chose Toti as candidate for president in Liguria confirmed incumbent Stefano Caldoro as the party s standard bearer in Campania and renewed their support of LN s Luca Zaia in Veneto 53 However Berlusconi and Fitto did not find an agreement on the composition of the slates in Apulia where the two wings of the party fielded two opposing candidates for president 54 55 56 and similar problems arose in Tuscany 57 Verdini s and Renzi s home region and stronghold Two weeks before the elections Fitto left FI and the European People s Party group in the European Parliament in order to join the European Conservatives and Reformists and start his own party the Conservatives and Reformists CR 58 By mid July when CR was formally established as a party nine deputies ten senators and another MEP had left FI to follow Fitto 59 60 61 62 In the elections the party lost many votes mainly to the LN and gained more than 10 only in three regions out seven including Apulia where the party s candidate did worse than Fitto s one while in Veneto a former stronghold FI barely reached 6 but thanks to the LN s strong showing Toti was elected President of Liguria Another split occurred in late July when Verdini led his group out of the party and launched the Liberal Popular Alliance ALA 63 64 65 Toward a new centre right coalition edit nbsp Antonio Tajani President of the European Parliament from 2017 to 2019 In the 2016 Milan municipal election FI found a strong candidate for mayor in Stefano Parisi a former director general of Confindustria and CEO of Fastweb who pulled the party to 20 2 virtually double than the LN s score but however narrowly lost to his Democratic opponent in the run off Giuseppe Sala After the election FI was basically divided in two camps one led by Parisi who did not officially joined the party and proposed a more traditional centre right liberal popular path and the other led by Toti who had formed a strong partnership with Roberto Maroni and Luca Zaia the LN s presidents of Lombardy and Veneto and was supportive of a full scale alliance with LN and possibly of its leader Matteo Salvini s bid to become the leader of the centre right coalition 66 67 68 In November when it was clear that Parisi would not come to terms with Salvini Berlusconi disowned Parisi 69 70 who responded by launching his own Energies for Italy EpI party 71 72 73 Since then the party has strengthened its position in parliament thanks to an influx of MPs from other parties including several returning after years of dissent In August 2016 the party was re joined by two senators including Renato Schifani from the NCD and another from the ALA In November came Mario Mauro and his Populars for Italy PpI 74 Since June 2017 the party was joined by three deputies and one senator from Popular Alternative AP ex NCD one deputy and one senator from the Mixed Group ex Five Star Movement M5S one deputy from Direction Italy DI ex CR one from Solidary Democracy Demo S one from Act F ex LN and two senators from the ALA 75 74 Particularly Enrico Costa left AP and resigned from minister of Regional Affairs in Paolo Gentiloni s centre left government 76 aiming at forming a liberal centre with FI 77 In the context of a more united centre right Costa might form the fourth leg of the coalition after the LN FI and the FdI by uniting other AP splinters DI F Identity and Action IdeA the Italian Liberal Party PLI the Union of the Centre UdC and the Pensioners Party PP 78 79 80 all variously affiliated with FI and the centre right Not all FI members were happy with all that in fact two senators and one deputy Daniela Santanche switched to the FdI 81 In January 2017 Antonio Tajani was elected President of the European Parliament the first Italian since Emilio Colombo 1977 1979 2018 general and 2019 European Parliament elections edit In the 2018 general election FI obtained 14 0 of the vote and was overtaken by the LN for the first time as the largest party of the centre right After the election long time FI senator Elisabetta Casellati was appointed President of the Senate with centre right s and M5S support After months of negotiations the centre right fragmented as the LN chose to team up with the M5S and formed a yellow green government also dubbed as Government of Change under Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte In July Berlusconi appointed Tajani who had been previously tipped as candidate for Prime Minister in the run up of the 2018 general election 82 vice president and Adriano Galliani coordinator of departments 83 84 85 in an effort to restructure the party which was shrinking in opinion polls 2019 European Parliament election and internal developments edit nbsp Berlusconi at the European People s Party Congress in 2019 Berlusconi decided to run in the 2019 European Parliament election as FI s top candidate in all Italian constituencies except for central Italy 86 87 In the election FI received only 8 8 of the vote its worst result ever Berlusconi was one of the party s elected representatives to the European Parliament and the oldest member of the assembly 88 In June Berlusconi appointed Toti and Carfagna national coordinators with the goal of reforming and relaunching the party 89 However after a few weeks Toti left the party in opposition to Berlusconi 90 and launched Cambiamo 91 One of the main reasons for the split was Toti s support of an alliance with the League and the Brothers of Italy FdI at national level about which Berlusconi was reticent and Carfagna against 91 92 93 Draghi s national unity government edit Main article Draghi Cabinet In January 2021 Conte s second government fell after losing support from Matteo Renzi s Italia Viva party 94 Subsequently President Mattarella appointed Mario Draghi to form a cabinet 95 which won support from FI the League 96 the PD 97 and the M5S 98 FI was given three ministers in the new government Renato Brunetta at Public Administration Mariastella Gelmini at Regional Affairs and Mara Carfagna at the South In July 2022 the M5S did not participate in a Senate s confidence vote on a government bill Prime Minister Draghi offered his resignation which was rejected by President Mattarella 99 After a few days Draghi sought a confidence vote again to secure the government majority supporting his cabinet while rejecting the proposal put forward by Lega and FI of a new government without the M5S 100 In that occasion FI as well as the M5S Lega and FdI did not participate in the vote 101 Consequently Draghi tendered his final resignation to President Mattarella who dissolved the houses of Parliament leading to a snap election 102 103 The party s abstention led some leading members of FI notably including the three ministers Brunetta Gelmini and Carfagna to leave the party 104 105 106 Meloni government and Berlusconi s death edit In the 2022 general election FI which was part of the winning centre right coalition won 8 1 of the vote compared to FdI s 26 0 and the League s 8 8 As a result Giorgia Meloni leader of FdI accepted the task of forming a new government and announced the Meloni Cabinet which assumed official functions after each ministers were sworn in on 22 October 107 108 FI joined the new government with five ministers notably including Tajani as deputy prime minister and minister of Foreign Affairs 109 On 12 June 2023 Berlusconi died 110 leaving the party s future in uncertainty 111 112 The Italian government led by Meloni proclaimed a national day of mourning for the day of the funeral also ordering that flags be flown half mast for three days 113 On 14 June Berlusconi s state funeral was officiated in the Ambrosian Rite in the Milan Cathedral by Mario Delpini the Archbishop of Milan the funeral was attended among others by President Mattarella Meloni and the entire government as well as opposition leaders and foreign heads of state or government 114 A few days after Berlusconi s death the party announced that a national council would be summoned before the end of summer in order to appoint an acting president and determine the road map toward the national congress that would elect the new party s leadership 115 Leadership of Tajani and 2024 EP election edit In July 2023 the party s national council amended the party s statute by removing the post of president which would be forever associated with Berlusconi including in the party s symbol and introducing the post of secretary Contextually Tajani was unanimously elected secretary 116 In February 2024 the party held its first national congress Tajani was unanimously re elected secretary along with four deputy secretaries Stefano Benigni Deborah Bergamini Alberto Cirio and Roberto Occhiuto while Renato Schifani was appointed president of the national council 117 118 119 In the run up of the 2024 European Parliament election FI formed a joint list with Us Moderates 120 signed an electoral pact with the South Tyrolean People s Party 121 and welcomed candidates of the Sardinian Reformers 122 Additionally FI or individual FI candidates were endorsed by Coraggio Italia 123 the Movement for Autonomy 124 Future Sicily 125 Christian Democracy 126 New Times United Populars 127 other minor or local Christian democratic groups 128 the Transnational Radical Party 129 and the Italian Liberal Party 130 Moreover a number of former members of Lega Nord notably including Flavio Tosi former leader of Liga Veneta now leader of FI in Veneto Alessandro Sorte leader of FI in Lombardy Roberto Cota former president of Piedmont Marco Reguzzoni former floor leader of Lega Nord in the Chamber of Deputies Massimiliano Bastoni former member of Lega Nord s right wing and leading Padanian nationalist Matteo Gazzini outgoing MEP and leader of FI in South Tyrol and Stefania Zambelli outgoing MEP formed within the party a coalition named Forza Nord 131 Ideology and factions editFI s ideology is similar to that of its predecessor The People of Freedom PdL a big tent centre right party including Christian democrats liberals conservatives and social democrats FI presents itself as a liberal Catholic reformist and moderate alternative to the political left in alliance with the political right 132 133 134 but not rightist itself 135 The PdL s break up and the exit of the New Centre Right NCD left FI with a more liberal base Generally speaking with the long prepared return to FI Berlusconi aimed at returning to the party s liberal roots in doing so he reinforced his ties with those liberals like Antonio Martino who had been marginalised in the PdL 136 while losing many of its Christian democrats and conservatives to the NCD After NCD s internal struggles its transformation into Popular Alternative AP and several splits some NCD conservatives have returned to FI In 2015 FI lost several liberal MPs who formed the Liberal Popular Alliance in support to Matteo Renzi s cabinet FI includes several factions and ideological trends The party s leading faction was long not an organised one named the magic circle by journalists a reference to a defunct faction within Lega Nord it was composed of Berlusconi s closest allies notably including Giovanni Toti Mariarosaria Rossi Deborah Bergamini and Francesca Pascale Berlusconi s partner 137 138 Since being elected President of Liguria in 2015 Toti became more autonomous from Berlusconi and more and more a strong supporter of closer ties with Lega Nord 139 140 In 2018 Toti lost the title of political counselor the closest thing to a number two so far and Berlusconi appointed Antonio Tajani as vice president In 2019 Toti finally left the party 90 91 nbsp Berlusconi with then FI s leaders in the Parliament Mariastella Gelmini and Anna Maria Bernini On social issues most FI politicians are conservative even though a minority of them can be considered liberal According to an article from Corriere della Sera on the so called ethical issues like abortion and LGBT rights the party aimed at returning to its 1994 s original values including liberalism the socialist roots even the radical component respected its MPs freedom of conscience and was open to civil unions while NCD s positions were closer to those of the European traditionalist right 141 In October 2014 Berlusconi personally endorsed Renzi s proposals on civil unions for gays and a quicker path to citizenship to Italian born children of immigrants 142 however the party remained socially conservative FI clarified that it considers marriage solely as the union between a man and a woman 143 The majority of its members voted against civil unions whereas the NCD voted in favour 144 145 Moreover the party is critical of teaching gender studies in schools 146 Party members are generally opposed to abortion and seek to limit access to them 147 and euthanasia 148 The party has criticised illegal immigration and the way it has been managed by centre left coalition governments 149 It has also declared itself against the introduction of jus soli in Italy 150 In addition the party is opposed to drug liberalisation which it considers potentially negative for health and not useful for solving criminal matters 151 When FI s predecessors were in power they restricted the legislation on the matter with the Fini Giovanardi law 152 Finally FI considers Italy as a country with a Christian civilisation and favours displaying Christian symbols in public places 153 On economic issues FI is more supportive of the private rather than the public sector It aims at representing business owners interests and has often advocated for a reduction of taxation red tape and public expenditure One of its latest proposals is the introduction of a flat tax In addition FI is more supportive of free trade agreements rather than protectionism 154 On foreign policy the party supports the European Union EU despite elements of criticism NATO and a close relationship with the United States FI also seeks good relations with Russia especially in defence of the interests of Italian companies that export to the Russian market 155 The party is a member of the Europeanist centre right European People s Party EPP Whereas most of its members are supportive of the European Union EU the most notable example being Tajani President of the European Parliament from 2017 to 2019 others are slightly Eurosceptic and have criticised the Euro and Germany s role in the EU 156 157 158 The party refuses the Eurosceptic label while supporting a reform of the EU 159 In 2017 Berlusconi reconciled with Angela Merkel Chancellor of Germany and one of the EPP leaders after years of hostility re affirming his support to the European integration and his hostility towards populism 160 161 162 Popular support editThe electoral results of the FI in general Chamber of Deputies and European Parliament elections since 2014 are shown in the chart below Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Electoral results editItalian Parliament edit Election Leader Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Votes Seats Position Votes Seats Position 2018 Silvio Berlusconi 4 596 956 14 0 106 630 New 4th 4 358 004 14 4 58 315 New 4th 2022 2 278 217 8 1 45 400 nbsp 61 nbsp 5th 2 279 802 8 3 18 200 nbsp 40 nbsp 5th European Parliament edit Election Leader Votes Seats Position 2014 Silvio Berlusconi 4 614 364 16 8 13 73 New 3rd 2019 2 351 673 8 8 7 76 nbsp 6 nbsp 4th Regional Councils edit Region Election year Votes Seats Status in legislature Aosta Valley 2020 Joint list with Brothers of Italy 0 35 nbsp 1 No seats Piedmont 2019 161 137 8 4 3 50 nbsp 3 Majority Lombardy 2023 208 420 7 2 6 80 nbsp 8 Majority South Tyrol 2023 1 625 0 6 0 35 nbsp 0 No seats Trentino 2023 4 708 2 0 0 35 nbsp 1 No seats Veneto 2020 73 244 3 6 2 51 nbsp 1 Majority Friuli Venezia Giulia 2023 26 329 6 7 3 49 nbsp 2 Majority Emilia Romagna 2020 55 317 2 6 1 50 nbsp 1 Opposition Liguria 2020 33 040 5 3 1 31 nbsp 2 Majority Tuscany 2020 69 456 4 3 1 41 nbsp 1 Opposition Marche 2020 36 716 5 9 2 31 nbsp 0 Majority Umbria 2019 22 991 5 5 1 21 nbsp 0 Majority Lazio 2023 130 368 8 4 3 50 nbsp 3 Majority Abruzzo 2024 77 841 13 4 4 31 nbsp 1 Majority Molise 2023 16 924 12 0 3 21 nbsp 0 Majority Campania 2020 121 695 5 2 2 51 nbsp 5 Opposition Apulia 2020 149 399 8 9 4 51 nbsp 1 Opposition Basilicata 2024 34 018 13 0 3 21 nbsp 0 Majority Calabria 2021 131 882 17 3 7 31 nbsp 2 Majority Sicily 2022 275 736 14 8 11 70 nbsp 3 Majority Sardinia 2024 43 171 6 3 3 60 nbsp 2 OppositionLeadership edit2013 2023 President Silvio Berlusconi 2013 2023 Vice President Antonio Tajani 2018 2023 163 164 Coordinator Giovanni Toti 2019 Mara Carfagna 2019 Antonio Tajani 2021 2023 Deputy Coordinator Anna Maria Bernini 2021 2023 Alessandro Cattaneo 2023 Political Counselor Giovanni Toti 2014 2018 Renato Schifani 2020 2023 Spokesperson Deborah Bergamini 2014 2018 Giorgio Mule 2018 2023 Organisational secretary Gregorio Fontana 2015 2023 2023 present Secretary Antonio Tajani 2021 present First Deputy Secretary Deborah Bergamini 2024 present Deputy Secretary Stefano Benigni 2024 present Alberto Cirio 2024 present Roberto Occhiuto 2024 present President of the National Council Renato Schifani 2024 present President of the National Board Letizia Moratti 2023 present Spokesperson Raffaele Nevi 2023 present Organisational secretary Francesco Battistoni 2023 present Parliament Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies Renato Brunetta 2013 2018 Mariastella Gelmini 2018 2021 Roberto Occhiuto 2021 Paolo Barelli 2021 2022 Alessandro Cattaneo 2022 2023 Paolo Barelli 2023 present Party Leader in the Senate Paolo Romani 2013 2018 Anna Maria Bernini 2018 2022 Licia Ronzulli 2022 2023 Maurizio Gasparri 2023 present Party Leader in the European Parliament Raffaele Baldassarre 2013 2014 Elisabetta Gardini 2014 2019 Antonio Tajani 2019 2022 Fulvio Martusciello 2022 present Symbols edit nbsp Official logo 2013 present nbsp Electoral logo 2014 2018 nbsp Electoral logo 2018 general election nbsp Electoral logo 2019 European election nbsp Electoral logo 2022 general election nbsp Party flagSee also editBerlusconismNotes edit The name is not usually translated into English forza is the second person singular imperative of forzare in this case translating to to compel or to press and so means something like Forward Italy Come on Italy or Go Italy Forza Italia was used as a sport slogan and was also the slogan of Christian Democracy in the 1987 general election see Giovanni Baccarin Che fine ha fatto la DC Gregoriana Padova 2000 See Forza Italia for details References edit https www agenzianova com a 659bdb7a7512f4 61350505 4754072 2024 01 08 fi tajani raggiunto 110 mila iscritti gia eletti 196 delegati al congresso del 23 e 24 febbraio text FI 3A 20Tajani 2C 20raggiunto 20110 20mila Agenzia 20Nova Thomas Jansen Steven Van Hecke 2011 At Europe s Service The Origins and Evolution of the European People s Party Springer pp 63 65 ISBN 978 3 642 19414 6 Donatella M Viola 2015 Italy Routledge p 115 ISBN 978 1 317 50363 7 Patrick McCarthy 2002 Stephen Gundle Simon Parker eds Forza Italia the new politics and old values of a changing Italy Routledge p 135 ISBN 978 1 134 80791 8 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Diego Gambetta Steven Warner 2016 Josep M Colomer ed Italy Lofty Ambitions and Unintended Consequences Palgrave Macmillan p 244 ISBN 978 0 230 52274 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Nicolo Conti 2015 No Longer Pro European Politicisation and contestation of Europe and Italy In Andrea Mammone Ercole Giap Parini Giuseppe Veltri eds The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Italy History Politics Society Routledge p 139 ISBN 978 1 317 48755 5 Morieson Nicholas 2021 Religion and the Populist Radical Right Wilmington DE Vernon Press pp xvii ISBN 978 1 64889 217 2 OCLC 1241448267 a b Nordsieck Wolfram 2018 Italy Parties and Elections in Europe Archived from the original on 23 October 2018 Retrieved 18 May 2018 Adami Marina 30 September 2021 A Crowded and Complex Picture Local Elections in Italy Green European Journal Archived from the original on 29 June 2022 Retrieved 19 August 2022 Augusto Gnisci Margherita Asterope Risa Casapulla Maria D Agostino Gaetano Perillo 2022 Threat to Face and Equivocation in Televised Interviews of Italy s Politicians For and Against the 2016 Constitutional Referendum In Ofer Feldman ed Adversarial Political Interviewing Worldwide Perspectives During Polarized Times Springer Nature p 89 ISBN 9789811905766 Fantasma Salvini agita cespugli di Forza Italia in Italian Adnkronos 2 January 2020 Archived from the original on 19 August 2022 Retrieved 19 August 2022 Saini Valentina 20 July 2022 La Liga Forza Italia y el M5E abandonan a Draghi al no votar la mocion de confianza in Spanish La Voz de Asturias Archived from the original on 4 September 2022 Retrieved 4 September 2022 Tori Manuel 5 September 2020 Villa Certosa la mansion de los escandalos de Silvio Berlusconi foco de Covid entre los VIP italianos El Espanol in Spanish Archived from the original on 4 February 2023 Retrieved 4 February 2023 Woods Dwayne 2014 The Many Faces of Populism in Italy The Northern League and Berlusconism Emerald Group pp 28 41 44 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help The SAGE handbook of European foreign policy Knud Erik Jrgensen Asne Kalland Aarstad Edith Drieskens Katie Verlin Laatikainen Ben Tonra London 2015 p 539 ISBN 978 1 4739 1443 8 OCLC 915156254 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint others link Heinisch Reinhard 2021 Political Populism Handbook of Concepts Questions and Strategies of Research Christina Holtz Bacha Oscar Mazzoleni 2 ed Baden Baden p 406 ISBN 978 3 7489 0751 0 OCLC 1286432010 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Italian politics Not so forza any more The Economist 13 August 2015 Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 16 March 2017 Berlusconi al Tg1 torna Forza Italia e saro io a guidarla in Italian Il Sole 24 Ore 28 June 2013 Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 28 July 2013 Berlusconi annuncia ritorno di Forza Italia Temo che saro ancora il numero uno in Italian la Repubblica 28 June 2013 Archived from the original on 31 October 2013 Retrieved 24 August 2013 Berlusconi Revives Forza Italia in Plea for Help Against Trials Bloomberg News 18 September 2013 Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 Retrieved 7 March 2017 Silvio Berlusconi Relaunches Forza Italia on Senate Ousting Vote International Business Times 18 September 2013 Archived from the original on 13 February 2014 Retrieved 24 January 2014 Berlusconi Vows to Stay in Politics if Ousted From Senate The Wall Street Journal 18 September 2013 permanent dead link Berlusconi Stakes a Claim for Relevance but Avoids Threats The New York Times 18 September 2013 Archived from the original on 6 December 2017 Retrieved 27 February 2017 Berlusconi breaks away from Italian government after party splits Reuters 16 November 2013 Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 Retrieved 16 November 2013 E rottura tra Berlusconi e Alfano Il vicepremier annuncia i nuovi gruppi in Italian Corriere della Sera 16 November 2013 Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 18 November 2013 Alemanno lancia Prima l Italia La priorita e portare il Paese fuori dalla crisi in Italian Il Messaggero 13 October 2013 Archived from the original on 14 January 2015 Retrieved 18 November 2013 L addio al Pdl in frantumi rinasce Forza Italia in Italian Corriere della Sera 16 November 2013 Archived from the original on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 18 November 2013 Nel Pdl colombe pronte alla battaglia E il partito ora rischia la scissione Archiviostorico corriere it Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Fitto noi lealisti non vogliamo posti Azzerare tutto e poi congresso Archiviostorico corriere it Archived from the original on 13 October 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Pdl tanti no all ipotesi del congresso Archiviostorico corriere it Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Il Pdl e la sfida sugli incarichi Si affacciano i mediatori Archiviostorico corriere it Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Nasce Forza Trentino ultimo pressing su Mosna in Italian Trentino 11 September 2013 Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 Retrieved 26 September 2013 Biancofiore candida l Artioli capolista in Italian Alto Adige 14 September 2013 Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 26 September 2013 Alle 17 42 l annuncio dopo il voto palese L ira di Forza Italia sui Cinquestelle in Italian Corriere della Sera 28 November 2013 Archived from the original on 21 February 2015 Retrieved 2 December 2013 Confermata la condanna Berlusconi scontera 1 anno Archiviostorico corriere it Archived from the original on 2 November 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Forza Italia esce dalla maggioranza Alfano Un errore sabotare Letta in Italian Corriere della Sera 26 November 2013 Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 Retrieved 2 December 2013 Berlusconi Alfano no alla decadenza Grasso nessun rinvio sul voto Ilmessaggero it 22 November 2013 Archived from the original on 28 May 2017 Retrieved 16 March 2017 Decadenza Berlusconi Alfano una brutta giornata per la democrazia Avvenire it 27 November 2013 Archived from the original on 8 March 2016 Retrieved 16 March 2017 Mediaset cambio ai vertici Al posto di Giovanni Toti arrivano Giordano e Broggiato in Italian il Giornale 24 January 2014 Archived from the original on 24 January 2014 Retrieved 25 January 2014 Forza Italia via dai palazzi romani Si riparte da Milano e dalla Brianza in Italian Corriere 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