Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia (/ˈvɪnɪts(j)ə, ˈviːn-/ VIN-it-s(y)ə, VEEN-; Ukrainian: Вінниця, IPA: [ˈwinːɪtsʲɐ] ^ⓘ) is a city in Central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It serves as the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast. It is the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. It also serves as the administrative center of Vinnytsia Raion, one of the six raions of Vinnytsia Oblast. It has a population of 369,739 (2022 estimate).^[3]

Vinnytsia Вінниця
City
From top, left to right: Saint Nicholas Church Vinnytsia water tower Transfiguration Cathedral Resurrection Church Trams in Vinnytsia Jesuit Monastery
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname:  Pearl of Podilia
Vinnytsia Show map of Vinnytsia Oblast Vinnytsia Show map of Ukraine
Coordinates: 49°14′N 28°29′E / 49.233°N 28.483°E / 49.233; 28.483
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Vinnytsia Oblast
Raion	Vinnytsia Raion
Hromada	Vinnytsia City Municipality
Founded	1363
Government
• Mayor	Serhiy Morhunov [uk]^[1] (Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman^[2])
Area
• City	113.2 km^2 (43.7 sq mi)
Population  (2021)^[3]
• City	369,739
• Density	3,290/km^2 (8,500/sq mi)
• Metro	660,000
Time zones	UTC+2
	UTC+3
Postal code	21000-
Area code	+380 432
Sister cities	Birmingham, Kielce, Peterborough, Bursa, Panevėžys, Bat Yam, Karlsruhe, Nancy
Website	vmr.gov.ua/en

The city's roots date back to the Middle Ages. It was under Lithuanian and Polish control for centuries. From 1653 to 1667, Vinnytsia was a regimental city of the Hetman state, and in 1793, it was ceded to the Russian Empire. During the 1930s and early 1940s, the city was the site of massacres, first during Stalin's purges and then during the Holocaust in Ukraine and the Nazi occupation. A Cold War–era airbase was located near the city. Currently, Vinnytsia is developing as one of the most comfortable cities for life in independent Ukraine.^[4]

Name

Ukrainian transcriptions

• National, BGN/PCGN: Vinnytsia
  
• ALA-LC: Vinnytsi͡a
  
• Scholarly: Vinnycja

The name of Vinnytsia appeared for the first time in 1363. It is assumed that the name is derived from the Proto-Slavic word "*věno" (вѣно), meaning "a bride price." This name can be explained by the fact that Vinnytsia and the surrounding land were captured by Lithuanian Duke Algirdas in the 14th century, and then, they were given to his nephews.^[5]

In addition to the Ukrainian Вінниця (Vinnytsia), in other languages of the region, the name of the city is Russian: Винница, romanized: Vinnitsa, Polish: Winnica, Lithuanian: Vinica, German: Winniza, Romanian: Vinița and Yiddish: וויניצע, romanized: Vinitse. English sources used the Russian-derived Vinnitsa from the early 19th century until the 1990s and Winnica or Winnicza (from Polish) before that, reflecting the ultimate political authorities of those respective eras.

Geography

Location

Vinnytsia is located about 260 km (160 mi) southwest of the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, 429 km (267 mi) north-northwest of the Black Sea port city of Odesa, and 369 km (229 mi) east of Lviv.

It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Vinnytsia Raion within the oblast. The city itself is directly subordinated to the oblast.

Climate

The city has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).^[6][7]

A long-lasting warm summer with a sufficient quantity of moisture and a comparatively short winter is characteristic of Vinnytsia. The average temperature in January is −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) and 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) in July. The average annual precipitation is 638 mm (25 in).

Over the course of a year there are around 6–9 days when snowstorms occur, 37–60 days when mists occur during the cold period, and 3–5 days when thunderstorms with hail occur.

Climate data for Vinnytsia, Ukraine (1991–2020, extremes 1900–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.3 (59.5)	17.3 (63.1)	22.3 (72.1)	29.4 (84.9)	32.2 (90.0)	35.0 (95.0)	37.8 (100.0)	38.2 (100.8)	36.5 (97.7)	28.6 (83.5)	19.9 (67.8)	15.4 (59.7)	37.8 (100.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−1.4 (29.5)	0.2 (32.4)	6.0 (42.8)	14.3 (57.7)	20.1 (68.2)	23.6 (74.5)	25.6 (78.1)	25.2 (77.4)	19.4 (66.9)	12.7 (54.9)	5.4 (41.7)	0.0 (32.0)	12.6 (54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−3.8 (25.2)	−2.7 (27.1)	1.9 (35.4)	9.1 (48.4)	14.7 (58.5)	18.2 (64.8)	20.0 (68.0)	19.4 (66.9)	14.1 (57.4)	8.1 (46.6)	2.5 (36.5)	−2.3 (27.9)	8.3 (46.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−6.2 (20.8)	−5.4 (22.3)	−1.6 (29.1)	4.3 (39.7)	9.3 (48.7)	13.1 (55.6)	14.8 (58.6)	13.9 (57.0)	9.3 (48.7)	4.3 (39.7)	0.0 (32.0)	−4.5 (23.9)	4.3 (39.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−35.5 (−31.9)	−33.6 (−28.5)	−24.2 (−11.6)	−12.7 (9.1)	−2.8 (27.0)	2.5 (36.5)	5.2 (41.4)	1.5 (34.7)	−4.5 (23.9)	−11.4 (11.5)	−24.6 (−12.3)	−27.2 (−17.0)	−35.5 (−31.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	29 (1.1)	31 (1.2)	32 (1.3)	40 (1.6)	54 (2.1)	87 (3.4)	73 (2.9)	54 (2.1)	61 (2.4)	35 (1.4)	35 (1.4)	35 (1.4)	566 (22.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	12 (4.7)	12 (4.7)	9 (3.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	6 (2.4)	12 (4.7)
Average rainy days	7	6	10	13	14	15	15	10	12	11	12	9	134
Average snowy days	16	16	11	3	0.1	0	0	0	0	1	8	14	69
Average relative humidity (%)	85.4	83.2	77.9	68.2	65.7	71.8	72.3	70.8	75.9	80.0	86.2	87.5	77.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours	53	73	135	198	261	287	293	278	192	135	57	44	2,006
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net^[8]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010, sun 1991-2020)^[9]^[10]

Ecology and climate change

On 28 January 2022, Vinnytsia City Council announced Vinnytsia Green Deal by signing the Declaration and approving the Roadmap of measures for the implementation of its principles and approaches within the community.^[11]

History

From medieval to modern times

Historical affiliations

  Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1363–1569
  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1672
  Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
  Russian Empire 1793–1917
  Russian Republic 1917
  Various Ukrainian states 1917–1920
  Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
  Soviet Union 1922–1991 (Occupied by Nazi Germany between 1941–1944)
  Ukraine 1991–present

Vinnytsia has been an important trade and political center since the fourteenth century, when Theodor Koriatovits, the nephew of the Lithuanian Duke Algirdas, built a fortress (1363) against Tatar raiders on the banks of the Southern Bug. The original settlement was built and populated by Aleksander Hrehorovicz Jelec, a hetman under Lithuanian Prince Švitrigaila. Aleksander Jelec built the fort, which he commanded as starosta afterwards.

In the 15th century, Lithuanian Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon granted Vinnytsia Magdeburg city rights. In 1566, it became part of the Bracław Voivodeship. Between 1569 and 1793 the town was a part of Poland. In 1648, Vinnytsia found itself at the epicenter of the liberation struggle led by Bohdan Khmelnytskyi. In February 1651, during the defense of the city, Ivan Bohun's Cossack regiment defeated a 20,000-strong Polish army. Vinnytsia was part of the Hetman state until 1667, and during 1672-1699 was a part of the Ottoman Empire (and still part of the historic region of Podolia).^[12] During Polish rule, Vinnytsia was a Polish royal city. On 18 March 1783, Antoni Protazy Potocki opened the Trade Company Poland in Vinnytsia. The 1st Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in the city in 1788 before it was relocated to Piotrków Trybunalski.^[13]

After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 the Russian Empire annexed the city and the region. Russia moved to expunge the Roman Catholic religion. Catholic churches in the city, including what is currently the Transfiguration Cathedral, were converted to Russian Orthodox churches.

 

Vinnytsia on a 1910s postcard

In the Russian census of 1897, Vinnytsia had a population of 30,563. It was the third largest city in Podolia region after Kamianets-Podilskyi and Uman. After railway connections were completed in 1871, Vinnytsia developed rapidly economically and infrastructurally. The city architect Hryhorii Artynov erected a number of buildings (a water tower, a theater, churches, hotels and mansions), which still shape the city image.

During the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1920, Vinnytsia was chosen three times as the seat of government structures of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The residence of the Directory was Savoy Hotel, which turned the city into a de facto capital. On May 16, 1920, a meeting was held in Vinnytsia between the heads of Ukraine and Poland, Symon Petliura and Józef Piłsudski.^[14]

Soviet Vinnytsia became an industrial giant with an emphasis on sugar production, but it experienced the terrible famine of 1932-1933 in the shadow of its prosperity.

The Vinnytsia massacre was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during the Great Purge in 1937–1938.^[15]

World War II

 

The Last Jew in Vinnitsa

Vinnytsia was occupied by German troops on 19 July 1941 during World War II. While Vinnytsia had a pre-war Jewish population of over 34,000, only 17,000 of these Jews remained, with the rest of them successfully being evacuated to the interior of the Soviet Union beforehand.^[16] Virtually all of the Jews who remained in Vinnytsia under Nazi occupation were subsequently murdered in the Holocaust.^[16] Nazi atrocities were committed in and near Vinnytsia by Einsatzgruppe C. In 1942 a large part of the Jewish quarter of Yerusalimka was destroyed by Germans.^{[citation needed]} Related to that period is one infamous photo, The Last Jew of Vinnytsia.

Adolf Hitler sited his eastern headquarters, Führerhauptquartier Werwolf or Wehrwolf, at the Wehrmacht headquarters^[17] near the city. The complex was built in 1941–1942 by Russian prisoners of war. Many of them were subsequently killed.^[18] Hitler's accommodation consisted of a log cabin built around a private courtyard with its own concrete bunker.^[19] The complex included about 20 other log buildings, a power station, gardens, wells, three bunkers, a swimming pool, and wire and defensive positions.^[20]

Hitler spent a number of weeks at Wehrwolf in 1942 and early 1943.^[21] The few remains of the Wehrwolf site, described in one report as a "pile of concrete" because it was destroyed by the Nazis in 1944,^[22] can be visited. Plans to create a full-fledged museum had not come to fruition as of August 2018.^[23][24]

Later Soviet era

After the end of World War II, Vinnytsia was the home for major Soviet Air Forces base, including an airfield, a hospital, arsenals, and other military installations. The headquarters of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Strategic Rocket Forces was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to the early 1990s.^[25] The 2nd Independent Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps, which later became 24th Air Army, was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to 1992.

Independent Ukraine

The Ukrainian Air Force Command has been based in Vinnytsia since 1992. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the command center was significantly damaged by Russian cruise missiles on 25 March 2022.^[26]

On 14 July 2022 the center of the city was attacked with three Russian cruise missiles. Missiles hit the local NeuroMed clinic and House of the Officers, which was currently used as a concert hall. Due to the strike 27 people^[27] were killed (three children among them), 80 were hospitalized. The next day the Russian Ministry of defense said that the target was top-ranking Ukrainian military officers and representatives of foreign military industry companies.^[28][29]

On 12 October 2022, a pilot Vadym Voroshylov (call sign Karaia) destroyed 5 "Shahed 136" drones near Vinnytsia. Due to damage to the plane, Vadym ejected in Vinnytsia oblast, having previously diverted the fighter jet from the settlement. For this, he was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine.^[30]

Population

As of 1 January 2022, the population of Vinnytsia is 369,740 people.

By population, among cities of Ukraine Vinnytsia ranks among the 10 largest cities (excluding the temporarily occupied territories).

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:^[31]

Language	Percentage
Ukrainian	84.73%
Russian	14.36%
other/undecided	0.91%

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April–May 2023, 85% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 15% spoke Russian.^[32]

Education and science

 

Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University

Educational institutions of the city of Vinnytsia:

• 58 preschool education institutions^[33] (56 communal, 1 state and 1 private forms of ownership). Electronic registration is available for enrolling children in communally owned pre-school education institutions;
• 45 institutions of general secondary education^[34] (37 communal and 8 private forms of ownership).
• 8 institutions of state-owned professional (vocational and technical) education;
• 3 community-owned out-of-school education institutions:
  • Vinnytsia City Palace of Children and Youth;
  • Vinnytsia city center of artistic and choreographic education of children and youth "Barvinok";
  • Center for Extracurricular Education "School of Success".

There are many universities and research institutions in Vinnytsia:

• Mykola Pirogov Vinnytsia National Medical University;^[35]
• Vinnytsia National Agrarian University;
• Vinnytsia National Technical University;
• Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University;
• Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University, evacuated from Donetsk in 2014 due to Russian armed invasion in eastern Ukraine;
• Vinnytsia European University;
• Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics;^[36]
• Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences.

There is also the Regional Universal Scientific Library named after prominent local historian Valentyn Otamanovskyi in Vinnytsia.^[37]

Economy

 

The Roshen confectionary factory

Vinnytsia is a prominent industrial city in Ukraine.

There are Roshen confectionery corporation, Crystal diamond polishing corporation,^[38] RPC Fort largest Ukrainian firearms manufacturing corporation, Mayak corporation,^[39] Budmash corporation,^[40] Pnevmatyka corporation,^[41] PlasmaTec corporation,^[42] a parquet board manufacturer Barlinek Invest,^[43] Vinnytsia Oil and Fat Plant,^[44] Vinnytsia Food and Gustatory Factory PJSC,^[45] Agrana Food LLC^[46] and others.

Industrial parks and investments

There are 3 industrial parks^[47] on the territory of Vinnytsia City Territorial Community that are included in the Register of Industrial Parks of Ukraine: Vinnytsia Industrial Park (with an area of 35.7 ha), Industrial Park Vinnytsia Cluster of Refrigeration Engineering (with an area of 19.27 ha), Industrial Park Winter Sport (with an area of 25 ha). The facilities of UBC Cool^[48] (production of refrigeration equipment for food and beverages), KNESS^[49] (production of solar panels) are already operating on the basis of industrial parks, HEAD plant^[50] (production of equipment for winter sports) is under construction.

Digital economy

Vinnytsia is among the tops five cities in terms of the number of specialists in IT.^[51] This sector is represented, in particular, by the following companies: Gemicle, Incoresoft, Delphi Software, Playtika,^[52] Onseo,^[53] Astound Commerce, EPAM Ukraine,^[54] Spilna Sprava, Infopulse, SteelKiwi, Exadel,^[55] Ciklum, Lampa, R4x, RIA Internet Group. The main office of LetyShops,^[56] the largest cashback service in Ukraine, the leader in this market segment, is located in the city.

Also in Vinnytsia, the project of the Innovation and Technology Park ″Krystal″ is being implemented.

Clusters

As part of the decentralized cooperation program between the city of Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia region with the city of Dijon, the Burgundy-Franche-Comté region, AgroVin agricultural cluster was created in March 2021.^[57] The participants of the agrocluster are processing enterprises of the city of Vinnytsia, agricultural producers and specialized scientific institutions (Agrana Fruit Ukraine LLC, Vinnytsia Food and Gustatory Factory PJSC,, Agroposluhtransservis LLC,Dibrova LLC, Organik-d LLC, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Institute of Fodder and Agriculture of Podillia National Academy of Sciences).

Vinnytsia Instrumentation and Automation Cluster^[58] was created in February 2021 by local enterprises (Promavtomatyka-Vinnytsia LLC, Innovinprom LLC, Maitek Plus LLC, Grampis LLC, Tiras LLC, Vinaerogis LLC, and others) that work in the instrument-making industry and are engaged in the automation of production with the aim of creating competitive products, creating jobs for the best local graduates, promoting the definition and implementation of smart specialization of the city territorial community and the region.

Military

The headquarters of the Ukrainian Air Force is situated in Vinnytsia.

Politics

See also: List of mayors of Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia is considered the long-time political base for Ukrainian oligarch and former President Petro Poroshenko. He owns a local confectionery (as part of the Roshen Corporation) and was elected member of parliament from the local constituency for several convocations. However, contrary to some speculations, Poroshenko has never lived in the city.

Volodymyr Groysman, the former Ukrainian Prime Minister (2016-2019) is from Vinnytsia.

Parks and squares

 

Pyatnichansky park

Central urban park in Vinnytsia^[59]

Park of Culture and Recreation named after Mykola Leontovych located in Vinnytsia city between the streets Soborna (center), Mahistratska and Khmelnytske Shose.

The park is 40 hectares.

There are numerous monuments (soldiers in Afghanistan, Sich Riflemen, killed police officers, victims of NKVD’s purge), and the Alley of outstanding countrymen are objects of leisure and recreation: a summer theater, a stadium, an ice club, a city planetarium, a fountain, a chess club, Mini-Vinnytsia open air museum, numerous attractions and gaming machines.

For more than 70 years of its history, the Central Park has always been a place of celebrations and recreation for the residents and for holding local/municipal events and holidays. It became a fine tradition to hold folk festivals and all major holidays in the Park, in particular on the City Day, Europe Day, Independence Day, and more.

Buildings and structures

 

Fountain Roshen^[60] is the only one in Ukraine and the largest floating fountain in Europe, built in the river Southern Buh in Vinnytsia City near Campa Isle (Festivalny Isle)

• Saint Nicholas Church is considered to be the oldest building in the city — built in 1746 in the place of older one;
• The Transfiguration Cathedral, built in Vinnytsia in 1758 by Italian architect Paolo Fontana;
• Church of the Holy Virgin Mary Angelic, built in 1748—1761 as Capuchin monastery;
• The National Pirogov's Estate Museum and church where his embalmed body preserved. Built in 1866—1885, opened for visitors as a museum in 1947;^[61]
• The Literary and Memorial Museum of a “great Sun Worshiper”,a classical author of Ukrainian literature Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, built in 1860-1890th and opened for visitors as a museum in 1927;^[62]
• Vinnytsia water tower, built in 1912 by city main architect Hryhorii Artynov;
• Savoy Hotel, built in 1912—1913;
• Vaksman family's real estate, built in 1915 in Art Nouveau style. Address: 24, Symona Petliury Street. Built by architect Moisey Aaronovitch Vaksman. Architectural landmark;
• TV Tower Vinnytsia — the tallest guyed tubular steel mast in the world, built in 1961;
• The new Greek Catholic Church at South Bug river, built in 1993—1996;
• Baptist Church ″Evangelical House″– reportedly one of the largest Evangelical Church buildings in Europe, built in 1996;
• Seventh-day Adventist Church, built in 2000th;
• Multimedia Fountain Roshen, built in 2011, it is considered one of the largest floating fountains in Europe.^[63] It is the major multimedia attraction in the city.

In the city, numerous historical buildings are being repaired and new ones are being built.

• Architecture in Vinnytsia
•  
  Capuchin monastery (est. 1748—1761)
•  
  Vinnytsia water tower (est. 1912)
•  
  Savoy Hotel (est. 1912—1913)
•  
  City hall (Est. 1970th)
•  
  Main Cathedral Street (nowadays)
•  
  Church of the Intercession (est. 1996)

Transport

Air

Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport (IATA: VIN, ICAO: UKWW) is situated near Vinnytsia.

Railway

 

Vinnytsia railway station

There is a railway station in Vinnytsia, which is a part of 'South-Western Railway'. In 2013 it was named among 10 biggest railway stations in Ukraine.^[64] The current Vinnytsia railway station was built in 1952 and is the 4th railway building in Vinnytsia. The previous three were destroyed.^[64]

Vinnytsia is an important transport hub for internal and external railway connections. Most of the international trains which cross through Ukraine have a stop in Vinnytsia. For example, trains to Przemyśl (Poland) and from Sofia (Bulgaria), Chisinau (Moldova), Bratislava (Slovakia), Belgrade (Serbia), Budapest (Hungary) transit through Vinnytsia.^[64] For internal railway connections, Vinnytsia is also an important transport point for trains heading to Western Ukraine (Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Chernivtsi), the South (Odesa), as well as to Central Ukraine (Kyiv).

Tram

Main article: Trams in Vinnytsia

 

Trams in Vinnytsia

 

An unofficial transit map of Vinnytsia featuring tram, trolleybus, bus and minibus (marshrutka) routes

The tram is the most popular public transport in Vinnytsia. There are six tram routes in Vinnytsia:^[65]

Number of the route	Route starting and ending point
1	The railway station (Zaliznychnyi vokzal) – Elektromerezha.
2	Barske Shose – Vyshen'ka
3	Vyshen'ka – Electromerezha
4	Barske Shose – the Railway station (Zaliznychnyi vokzal)
5	Barske Shose – Elektromerezha
6	The railway station (Zaliznychnyi vokzal) – Vyshen'ka.

The most trams in Vinnytsia are donations from the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ), the public transport operator of Zürich, Switzerland. In the early 2000s, the VBZ donated its 1960s Karpfen and Mirage rolling stock to Vinnytsia, and they will do so again in 2022 with 35 Tram 2000 vehicles. The Swiss trams retain their blue and white liveries in Vinnytsian service.^[66]

Since 2015, "Vinnytsia Transport Company" began manufacturing VinWay trams based on Tatra KT4SU wagons and VinLine trolleybuses. As of 2022, 10 modernized trams and 15 trolleybuses are running in the city.^[67]

Bus

There are the Central Bus Station^[68] and the Western Bus Station in Vinnytsia.^[69][70]

Healthcare

As for the 2022, the city's healthcare system is represented by more than 40 treatment and preventive medical institutions, 16 of which are communally owned by the city of Vinnytsia. There are more than 60 private medical institutions.

Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital named after Mykola Pirogov of Vinnytsia Regional Council was founded in Vinnytsia in 1805 as the first municipal hospital, and under the name of Mykola Pirogov has been operating since 1917. Today, the hospital is a multidisciplinary, highly specialised, curative and preventive health care institution, whose mandate is to provide medical assistance to patients in 22 specialized areas. 12 clinical departments and cycles of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after Mykola Pirogov are located in the centers and departments of the hospital.

Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Treatment and Diagnostic Center for Cardiovascular Pathology is a specialized medical facility that provides routine and emergency medical care to patients with diseases of the circulatory system. The institution has 5 departments and a clinical diagnostic laboratory, where 186 medical workers work. The operating units of the center provides coronary angiography (diagnostics of heart vessels), stenting of damaged arteries, open heart surgery.^[71]

Sport and sportsmen

FC Nyva Vinnytsia (former "Locomotive") was created in 1958. During the Soviet Union, "Niva" from Vinnytsia was on good terms, not among the best, but it showed decent results against the background of other clubs of the Ukrainian SSR. Vinnytsia won the championship of the republic twice, in 1964 and 1984, and in 1972 and 1973 Lokomotiv even won the Cup of Ukraine. On 2 January 2021, Niva player Artur Zahorulko became the club's president.^[72]

Vinnytsia is the base of the Ukrainian field hockey. 2 leading Ukrainian teams are registered here: "Hockey Club Olympia-Kolos-Sequoia" (HC OKS-SHVSM) ^[73] and "Dynamo-ShVSM-VDPU".

Vinnytsia is known for playing sports such as basketball. There are two professional teams: the women's "Vinnytsia Lightnings"^[74] and the men's "Vinnytsia Bisons". "Vinnytsia Bisons" is a fairly well-known brand in Vinnytsia and Ukrainian sports. This men's basketball team twice won silver medals and once - bronze of the higher league of the championship of Ukraine in 2018.^[75] Mykola Zdyrka, head coach of "Bisons", is a master of sports.

In 2006, the first American football championship of Ukraine took place, in which "Vinnytsia Wolves" took second place. In 2013, 6 "Wolves" players were invited to be selected for the national American football team of Ukraine. Three of them became part of it. In 2014, the team started playing in the higher league, where they played in the group stage with Kyiv "Bandits", Odesa "Pirates" and Kyiv "Vityaz". 2017 — silver medalists of the ULAF Championship of Ukraine. The youth teams of the Vinnytsia Wolves sports club, which formed the basis of two national flag football teams of Ukraine, became participants in the New Generation Bowl 2022 and returned home with achievements. The U15 national team won the silver cup of the tournament, and the U17 team won the bronze. Wolves Cheerleaders is the best cheerleading team in Ukraine.^[76]

Vinnytsia Olympians

Pavlo Khnykin — swimmer, two-time silver medalist of the 1992 Summer Olympics;^[77]Inna Osypenko-Radomska — sprint kayaker, champion of the Olympic Games in Beijing, silver medalist at the Olympic Games in London in single kayak rowing (distance of 500 and 200 meters) and bronze medalist of the Olympic Games in Athens as part of the women's foursome, world champion in Poznan (Poland) K1 500 meters;^[78]Hanna Balabanova — sprint canoeist, bronze medalist of the Olympic Games in Athens.^[79]

Vinnytsia boxers

Serhii Bohachuk — Vinnytsia boxer, WBC Continental Americas title holder;^[80] Viacheslav Uzielkov — WBA Intercontinental light heavyweight boxing champion, politician and TV-presenter; Roman Holovashchenko — international (2009—2010) and intercontinental champion (2017—2018) according to the IBO version, world champion according to the GBC version (2009—2010), European champion according to the IBF version (2016);

Culture

Theaters of the city

• Vinnytsia State Academic Music and Drama Theater named after Mykola Sadovskyi, founded in 1910;^[81]
• Vinnytsia Academic Regional Puppet Theater "Zolotyi Kliuchyk" — one of the oldest in Ukraine (founded in October 1938);
• Vinnytsia Regional Philharmonic named after Mykola Leontovych, founded in 1937.^[82]

List of the museums

• The National Pirogov's Estate Museum;^[83]
• Vinnytsia Regional Museum of Local Lore;^[84]
• Vinnytsia Regional Art Museum;^[85]
• Military-historical Museum of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine;
• Vinnytsia Literary and Memorial Museum of Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi;^[86]
• Oleh Lutsyshyn Pottery Museum;
• Vinnytsia Tram Museum;
• AutoMotoVeloFotoTeleRadio Museum;
• Museum of the Ukrainian postage stamp named after Yakiv Balaban;
• Museum of transport models;
• Holocaust Museum in Vinnytsia;
• Museum of Jewish life.

Notable people

 

Volodymyr Groysman, 2012

 

line-drawing portrait of Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky, 1921

• Nathan Altman (1889–1970) a Jewish and Soviet avant-garde artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator;
• Larysa Artiugina (born 1971) a Ukrainian documentary film director and activist;
• Sam Born (1891–1959) an American businessman, candy maker and inventor;
• Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (1906–1938) a theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity;
• Valeriy Chaly (born 1970) diplomat; Ambassador of Ukraine to the USA from 2015–2019;
• Todros Geller (1889–1949) a Jewish American artist, teacher and master printmaker;
• Volodymyr Groysman (born 1978) politician, Prime Minister of Ukraine 2016-2019;
• Oleg Khoma (born 1966) translator and historian;
• Victoria Koblenko (born 1980) Dutch actress, presenter and columnist;
• Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (1864–1913) author of novels and short stories. His home is a museum;
• Volodymyr Kozhukhar (1941–2022) conductor and academic teacher;
• Mykola Leontovych (1877–1921) Ukrainian composer who worked here;
• Alexander Lerner (1913–2004) Soviet-Israeli cyberneticist and dissident;
• Yuri Levada (1930–2006) sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the Levada Center;
• Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky (1839–1915) a Yiddish language author and early Zionist;
• Anatoly Lysenko (1937–2021) a Soviet and Russian TV figure, journalist, director and producer;
• Marina (born 1989) Polish singer of Ukrainian origin;
• Jerzy Niezbrzycki (1902–1968) captain of the Polish Army;
• Alla Pavlova (b. 1952), composer;
• Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881) originally from Moscow, an Imperial Russian doctor, founder of field surgery, spent his later years in Vinnytsia; his home is a museum;
• Olya Polyakova (born 1979) a Ukrainian singer, actress, TV presenter and comedian;
• Maksym Shapoval (1978–2017) intelligence officer and head of a special forces of the Ukrainian Chief Directorate of Intelligence; assassinated by Russian agents in 2017;
• Vladyslav Skalsky (born 1976) a Ukrainian civil servant and politician;
• Olga Storozhenko (born 1992) Miss Ukraine Universe 2013 & Top 10 Miss Universe 2013;
• Mykola Tochytskyi (born 1967) diplomat, politician and deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs;
• Leonid Isaakovich Vail (1883–1945) a Jewish Painter and art theorist;
• Selman Waksman (1888–1973) American biochemist and microbiologist, Nobel prizewinner, born near Vinnytsia;
• Inna Abramovna Zhvanetskaia (born 1937) composer, piano teacher and lecturer.

Sport

• Serhiy Cherniavskiy (born 1976) a cyclist; silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics;
• Sergey Fedorchuk (born 1981) a Ukrainian Grandmaster chess player;
• Pavlo Khnykin (born 1969) freestyle swimmer, team silver medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics;
• Illia Nyzhnyk (born 1996) a Ukrainian chess grandmaster;
• Sergei Polyakov (born 1968) a Russian sport shooter, silver medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns – Sister cities

Vinnytsia is twinned with:^[87]

Kielce, Poland   Peterborough, England, United Kingdom   Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Bursa, Turkey^[88]   Karlsruhe, Germany   Bat Yam, Israel

Panevėžys, Lithuania   Nancy, France

Partner cities

Vinnytsia also signed the partnership agreements with cities:^[89]

Lublin   Münster^[90]

Rustavi   Ventspils^[91]

Vinica   Wyszków

Gallery

•  
  Vinnytsia regional council
•  
  The Transfiguration Cathedral in Vinnytsia (1758)
•  
  Baptist church
•  
  Art Nouveau building, built by architect V.P. Listovichiy
•  
  Medical University in Vinnytsia
•  
  State academic theater
•  
  Mansion-museum^[92] of Nikolay Pirogov
•  
  Home stadium of PFC Nyva Vinnytsia
•  
  Monuments to the victims of the terror of 1937-1938
•  
  Saint Nicholas Church, 1746

See also

•  Ukraine portal

• FC Nyva Vinnytsia
• TIK
• Vinnytsia massacre
• Vinnytsia tram
• Werwolf (Wehrmacht HQ) – the codename used for one of Adolf Hitler's World War II Eastern Front military headquarters. It was one of the most easterly ever used by Hitler in person.

Notes

References

1. (in Ukrainian) Vinnytsia: Groysman's triumph, "servants" look for the culprit in defeat at elections, The Ukrainian Week (10 November 2020)
2. (in Ukrainian) In Vinnytsia, the current mayor Morgunov, the CVU exit poll, is leading with almost 69% of the vote, Ukrinform (25 October 2020)
3. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
4. "Moving to Vinnytsia". www.vmr.gov.ua. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
5. "Винница / определение слова Винница – город, ц. Винницкой обл., Украина. Впервые упоминается в 1363 г" (in Russian). Diclib.com. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
6. "Vinnitsa Climate Vinnitsa Temperatures Vinnitsa Weather Averages". www.vinnitsa.climatemps.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
7. "Comparison of the Average Weather in Vinnytsya and Forest City – Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
8. (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
9. . World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
10. "Vinnytsia Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
11. "Vinnytsia is the First Ukrainian Community to Declare a Green Deal". www.vmr.gov.ua. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
12. "Podolia". Jewish Virtual Library. AICE. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
13. Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 26.
14. "Piłsudski and Petliura: Together against the Bolsheviks". Polish History. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
15. Valery Vasiliev, Yuriy Shapoval, "Stages of «Great Terror»: The Vinnytsia Tragedy", Zerkalo Nedeli, № 31 (406), August 17–23, 2002, (in Russian 2007-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, in Ukrainian 2009-05-18 at the Wayback Machine)
16. Arad, Yitzhak (27 May 2020). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9781496210791.
17. Rathkolb, Oliver (1 August 2004). Revisiting the National Socialist Legacy: Coming to Terms With Forced Labor, Expropriation, Compensation, and Restitution. Transaction. p. 179. ISBN 978-0765805966.
18. "Hitler's Ukrainian Bunker Revealed". BBC. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
19. Felton, Mark (4 August 2014). Guarding Hitler: The Secret World of the Fuhrer. London: Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1781593059.
20. Ainsworth-Davis, John; Creighton, Ami de (29 December 2014). The Mountbatten Report, New Edition. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781312749962.
21. Speer, Albert (1995). Inside the Third Reich. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 328–329. ISBN 9781842127353.
22. . The Koz Telegram. 18 August 2018. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
23. "Hitler's Ukrainian Bunker Revealed". 12 March 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
24. "Hitler's headquarters "Werwolf"". 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
25. "43rd Missile Army". Ww2.dk. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
26. "Russian cruise missiles strike Ukrainian Air Force command center, according to Ukraine's military". CNN. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
27. "Ракетний удар по Вінниці: кількість загиблих зросла до 27 людей". Громадське радіо (in Ukrainian). 2 August 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
28. "У міноборони РФ прокоментували удар по Вінниці". ua.korrespondent.net (in Russian). Retrieved 15 July 2022.
29. "Social media posts chart life and death of girl in Russian strike". the Guardian. 14 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
30. "Decree of the President".
31. https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/
32. "Восьме всеукраїнське муніципальне опитування" (PDF). ratinggroup.ua (in Ukrainian).
33. "Vinnytsia preschool education institutions".
34. "Vinnytsia institutions of general secondary education".
35. "Official cite of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University" (in English and Ukrainian). vnmu.edu.ua. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
36. "Official webcite of Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of State University of Trade and Economics". vtei.com.ua. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
37. "У Вінницькій облраді затвердили нову назву для обласної універсальної наукової бібліотеки" (in Ukrainian). vezha.ua. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
38. "Інтернет магазин ювелірних виробів із золота – ціни, фото – Вінниця Кристал". vinnitsakristall.com. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
39. "ЧАО Маяк – производитель обогревательных приборов и радиаторов для систем отопления". termia.com.ua. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
40. ""БУДМАШ". Вінниця, Україна". www.budmash.vn.ua. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
41. . www.pnevmatica.com.ua. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
42. "Інтернет магазин зварювальних матеріалів компанії ПлазмаТек".
43. "Barlinek -Головна сторінка". Barlinek (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 27 December 2022.
44. "ПрАТ «Вінницький ОЖК". vmzhk.vioil.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
45. "Home". www.vhsvin.com.ua. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
46. Beteiligungs-AG, AGRANA. "Home". ua.agrana.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
47. "Industrial park". Вінницький муніципальний центр інновацій. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
48. "UBC Group". beer-co.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
49. "Home". KNESS. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
50. "Companies of HEAD Group – HEAD". www.head.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
51. "Де в Україні айтішнику жити добре. Рейтинг міст DOU". ДОУ (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 27 December 2022.
52. "Playtika – Infinite ways to play". Playtika Ltd. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
53. "ONSEO | Full Cycle Digital Production". Retrieved 27 December 2022.
54. "EPAM | Software Engineering & Product Development Services". www.epam.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
55. "Enterprise Software Development Company | Exadel". exadel.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
56. "LetyShops cashback service". LetyShops. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
57. "На Вінниччині створено інноваційний агропромисловий кластер "AgroVin" — Вінницька обласна військова адміністрація". vin.gov.ua. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
58. "Головна". AIM Cluster (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 27 December 2022.
59. "Достопримечательности Винницы - 10 мест, которые стоит посмотреть". Отпуск Тайм. 3 December 2020.
60. "About fountain :: Europe's largest floating fountain". Fountainroshen.com. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
61. "Національний музей-садиба М.І. Пирогова. Вінниця, Україна". www.pirogov.com.ua.
62. "Про музей – Вінницький літературно-меморіальний музей Михайла Коцюбинського". kotsubinsky.vn.ua.
63. . roshen.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
64. "Десять крупнейших ж/д вокзалов Украины 2014 года". cfts.org.ua.
65. "Розклад | Вінницький трамвай". depo.vn.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 March 2018.
66. "Die Zürcher Verkehrsbetriebe mustern die ältesten Trams ihrer Flotte aus. Die Hälfte der Fahrzeuge wird verschrottet". NZZ. 24 August 2021.
67. "Новий тролейбус вже на лінії" (in Ukrainian). 9 November 2022.
68. "ВІННИЦЯ 1 табло автовокзалу: оперативна інформація автовокзалу (автостанції) про розклад руху автобусів та його зміни, наявність вільних місць.в автобусах". bus.com.ua. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
69. "Автовокзал Вінниця АС-2 "Західна" — розклад руху автобусів та онлайн табло".
70. "ВІННИЦЯ 2 табло автовокзалу: оперативна інформація автовокзалу (автостанції) про розклад руху автобусів та його зміни, наявність вільних місць.в автобусах". bus.com.ua. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
71. "Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Medical and Diagnostic Center for Cardiovascular Pathology/. Official webpage". 21 September 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
72. "Новим президентом ФК "Нива" став Артур Загорулько.ФОТО" (in Ukrainian). vezha.ua. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
73. "Profile Field hockey team "HC OKS-SHVSM Vinnitsa"". the-sports.org. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
74. "Profile of Basketball team "Vinnitsa lightning (W)"". sportshub.stream. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
75. ""Зубри" завершили рік перемогами" (in Ukrainian). noc-vin.org.ua. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
76. "Історія клубу "Вінницькі Вовки"" (in Ukrainian). vinwolves.org. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
77. "Pavlo Khnykin's Biographical information". olympedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
78. "İnna Osipenko-Radomska's Biographical information". olympedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
79. "Hanna Balabanova's Biography, Olimpic Medals, Records and Age". olympics.com. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
80. "Serhii Bohachuk Profile". boxrec.com. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
81. "Офіційна сторінка Вінницького обласного академічного муздрам театру імені Садовського" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
82. "Офіційна сторінка Вінницької філармонії" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
83. "Національний музей-садиба М.І. Пирогова" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
84. "Вінницький обласний краєзнавчий музей" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
85. "Вінницький обласний художній музей" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
86. "Вінницький літературно-меморіальний музей Михайла Коцюбинського". kotsubinsky.vn.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
87. "Vinnytsia Twin Cities".
88. . Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
89. "Міністерство інфраструктури України - Реєстр угод про транскордонне співробітництво". mtu.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
90. "Німецьке місто Мюнстер офіційно стало містом-партнером Вінниці". decentralization.gov.ua. 11 March 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
91. "Вінниця підписала угоду про співдружність з латвійським містом Вентспілс – Сергій Моргунов". misto.vn.ua (in Ukrainian). 15 September 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
92. "The national Pirogov's estate museum". Pirogov.com.ua. Retrieved 17 July 2014.

External links

•   The dictionary definition of vinnytsia at Wiktionary
•   Media related to Vinnytsia at Wikimedia Commons
•   Vinnytsia travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website (in Ukrainian and English)