The starosta/ˈstɑːrɒstə/[1] or starost (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, German: Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. The Slavic root of starost translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has meant an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In terms of a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to the County Sheriff or the outdated Seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta would administer crown territory or a delineated district called a starostwo.[2]
In the early Middle Ages, the starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other communities, such as a church starosta, or an artel starosta, etc. The starosta also functioned as the master of ceremonies.[citation needed]
Castle Starosta, (formerly Castellan or capitaneus cum iurisdictione), Starosta grodowy as local representative of the king, would supervise fiscal, judicial administration and matters of crime in a district, termed starostwo, and
Land-Starosta, Starosta niegrodowy, capitaneus sine iurisdictione, whose role (they were invariably male) was as overseer of crown land tenants and of the land tenure (see tenant-in-chief) without any real obligations. The absence of an Interdict against the accumulation of thus administered districts resulted in some nobles becoming immensely rich and earning the sobriquet, magnates.
There were also general starosts who were provincial governors.[3] All starosts disappeared after the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and were not reinstated until after World War I when their role was altered.
Contemporary
In contemporary Poland, starosta designates a district administrator, who heads the district administration starostwo and manages a powiat district, akin to the leader of a town or rural council.
Czech Republic and Slovakia
In the Czech Republic and Slovakiastarosta is the title of a mayor of a town or village. Mayors of major cities use the title primátor. The term corresponds to the Austrian or German Bürgermeister.
Holy Roman Empire
Historically, the title "Starost" was also used in parts of the Holy Roman Empire but was not tied to ownership of land. The German word Starostei referred to the office or crown land district of a Starost. In German, the title starost/starosta is also translated as Hauptmann and analogous to a gubernator.
In Lithuania since 1991, seniūnas is the title of the head of a province.
In Galicia and Bukovina under Austrian rule a starosta supervised the county administration.
In Russia the word was used until the early 20th century to denote the elected leader of an obshchina.
In Ukraine during 1918 it was a post of an appointed official who represented the central government in regions. From 2015 is an official of a village that is a part of the united commune.
In Romania, in the Middle Ages, the word was used until the early 19th century to denote the elected leader of the merchants or craftsmen guilds.
^Stanisław Kutrzeba (1903). STAROSTOWIE ICH POCZĄTKI I ROZWÓJ W XIV W. (in Polish). Biblioteka Cyfrowa UJK.
External links
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Starosta
Starosta in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
April 28, 2023
starosta, surname, surname, starosta, ɑːr, starost, cyrillic, старост, latin, capitaneus, german, starost, hauptmann, term, slavic, origin, denoting, community, elder, whose, role, administer, assets, clan, family, estates, slavic, root, starost, translates, s. For the surname see Starosta surname The starosta ˈ s t ɑːr ɒ s t e 1 or starost Cyrillic starost a Latin capitaneus German Starost Hauptmann is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates The Slavic root of starost translates as senior Since the Middle Ages it has meant an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe In terms of a municipality a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official equivalent to the County Sheriff or the outdated Seneschal and analogous to a gubernator In Poland a starosta would administer crown territory or a delineated district called a starostwo 2 In the early Middle Ages the starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other communities such as a church starosta or an artel starosta etc The starosta also functioned as the master of ceremonies citation needed Contents 1 Poland 1 1 Kingdom of Poland 1 2 Contemporary 2 Czech Republic and Slovakia 3 Holy Roman Empire 4 Other countries 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksPoland EditKingdom of Poland Edit See also Starostwo In the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth the Starosta was from the 15th century the office of a territorial administrator usually conferred on a local landowner and member of the nobility Szlachta Until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 there were two types of Starosta Castle Starosta formerly Castellan or capitaneus cum iurisdictione Starosta grodowy as local representative of the king would supervise fiscal judicial administration and matters of crime in a district termed starostwo and Land Starosta Starosta niegrodowy capitaneus sine iurisdictione whose role they were invariably male was as overseer of crown land tenants and of the land tenure see tenant in chief without any real obligations The absence of an Interdict against the accumulation of thus administered districts resulted in some nobles becoming immensely rich and earning the sobriquet magnates There were also general starosts who were provincial governors 3 All starosts disappeared after the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and were not reinstated until after World War I when their role was altered Contemporary Edit In contemporary Poland starosta designates a district administrator who heads the district administration starostwo and manages a powiat district akin to the leader of a town or rural council Czech Republic and Slovakia EditIn the Czech Republic and Slovakia starosta is the title of a mayor of a town or village Mayors of major cities use the title primator The term corresponds to the Austrian or German Burgermeister Holy Roman Empire EditHistorically the title Starost was also used in parts of the Holy Roman Empire but was not tied to ownership of land The German word Starostei referred to the office or crown land district of a Starost In German the title starost starosta is also translated as Hauptmann and analogous to a gubernator Other countries EditIn Ruthenia Kievan Rus it was a lower government official In Lithuania since 1991 seniunas is the title of the head of a province In Galicia and Bukovina under Austrian rule a starosta supervised the county administration In Russia the word was used until the early 20th century to denote the elected leader of an obshchina In Ukraine during 1918 it was a post of an appointed official who represented the central government in regions From 2015 is an official of a village that is a part of the united commune In Romania in the Middle Ages the word was used until the early 19th century to denote the elected leader of the merchants or craftsmen guilds See also EditOffices in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Seniunija StaretsReferences Edit starosta The Chambers Dictionary 9th ed Chambers 2003 ISBN 0 550 10105 5 Ukrainian Encyclopedia Stanislaw Kutrzeba 1903 STAROSTOWIE ICH POCZATKI I ROZWoJ W XIV W in Polish Biblioteka Cyfrowa UJK External links EditEncyclopedia of Ukraine Starosta Starosta in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Starosta amp oldid 1128761199, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
