National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó ke Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), usually referred to simply as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece.^[1][2][3]

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Latin: Universitas Athenarum
Type	Public Higher Education Institution Greece University System
Established	May 3, 1837; 185 years ago (1837-05-03)
Rector	Meletios–Athanassios Dimopoulos
Academic staff	~2,000
Administrative staff	~1,300
Undergraduates	40,000
Postgraduates	14,200
Doctoral students	8,800
Location	Athens , Greece 37°58′06″N 23°46′43″E / 37.968198°N 23.778684°E / 37.968198; 23.778684Coordinates: 37°58′06″N 23°46′43″E / 37.968198°N 23.778684°E / 37.968198; 23.778684 Building details
The 19th-century University of Athens historic building designed by Christian Hansen, as seen in 2014. It was once the only University building but now serves as a ceremony hall and rectory
Campus	Urban, suburban
Newspaper	To Kapodistriako
Colours	Blue and White
Website	en.uoa.gr

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean.^[4] Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.^[5]

The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens is an integral part of the modern Greek academic and intellectual tradition.

History

Founding and expansion

 

King Otto of Greece was the founder of the University of Athens.

The University of Athens was founded on 3 May 1837 by King Otto of Greece (in Greek, Óthon) and was named in his honour Othonian University (Οθώνειον Πανεπιστήμιον). It was the first university in the liberated Greek state and in the surrounding area of Southeast Europe as well. It was also the second academic institution after the Ionian Academy. This fledgling university consisted of four faculties; Theology, Law, Medicine and Arts (which included applied sciences and mathematics). During its first year of operation, the institution was staffed by 33 professors, while courses were attended by 52 students and 75 non-matriculated "auditors".^[4]

It was first housed in the residence of architects Stamatios Kleanthis and Eduard Schaubert, on the north slope of the Acropolis, in Plaka, which now houses the museum of the university. In November 1841 the university relocated on the Central Building of the University of Athens, a building designed by Danish architect Christian Hansen. He followed a neoclassical approach, "combining the monument's magnificence with a human scale simplicity" and gave the building its H-shape.^[6] The building was decorated by painter Carl Rahl, forming the famous "architectural trilogy of Athens", together with the building of the National Library of Greece (left of the university) and the building of the Athens Academy (right of the university). Construction began in 1839 in a location to the north of the Acropolis. Its front wing, also known as the Propylaea, was completed in 1842–1843. The rest of the wings' construction, that was supervised at first by Greek architect Lysandros Kaftantzoglou and later by his colleague Anastasios Theofilas, was completed in 1864. The building is nowadays part of what is called the "Athenian Neoclassical Trilogy".^[6]

 

The historian and professor Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos, founder of the modern Greek historiography, was elected rector of the University of Athens in 1872.

The Othonian University was renamed to National University (Εθνικόν Πανεπιστήμιον) in 1862, following events that forced King Otto to leave the country.

 

Statue of the first Governor of Greece, Conte Ioannis Kapodistrias, whose name has been given to the university in 1932, after the unification of the Kapodistrias University (theoretical schools) and the National University (scientific schools).

A major change in the structure of the university came about in 1904, when the faculty of Arts was divided into two separate faculties: that of Arts (Σχολή Τεχνών) and that of Sciences (Σχολή Επιστημών), the latter consisting of the departments of Physics and Mathematics and the School of Pharmacy. In 1919, a department of chemistry was added, and in 1922 the School of Pharmacy was renamed a department. A further change came about when the School of Dentistry was added to the faculty of medicine.

Between 1895 and 1911, an average of 1,000 new students matriculated each year, a number which increased to 2,000 at the end of World War I. This resulted in the decision to introduce entrance examinations for all the faculties, beginning for the academic year 1927–28. Since 1954 the number of students admitted each year has been fixed by the Ministry of Education and Religion, by proposal of the faculties.

Modern history

The University Club building was founded in 1930. Today the building houses the Health Services Office, the Meals Department, the University Club reading rooms, and the Students Cultural Association (POFPA).^[7][8]

From 1911 until 1932 the university was separated into the Kapodistrian University (the humanities departments; named after Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first head of state of the independent modern Greek state) and the National University (the science departments). In 1932, the two separate legal entities were merged into the "National and Kapodistrian University of Athens."

During the 1960s construction work began on the University Campus in the suburb of Ilissia, which houses the Schools of Philosophy, Theology and Sciences.^[4]

In 2013, the University Senate made the decision to suspend all operations in the wake of the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs cutting 1,655 administrative jobs from universities around the country. In a statement, the University Senate said that "any educational, research and administrative operation of the University of Athens is objectively impossible".^[9][10]

Faculties and departments

The University of Athens is divided into schools, faculties and departments as follows. The naming is nοt consistent in English for historical reasons, but in Greek the largest divisions are generally named "σχολές" (schools) and are divided in "τμήματα" (departments), furthermore subdivided in "τομείς" (faculties).^[11]

 

The Faculty of Law. The building was initially built about 1930. A second branch was added in the 1960s. Extensive renovation began in 2002 and was completed by 2006.^[12]

The University of Athens also offers an English-taught 4-year undergraduate programme (with tuition) in Archaeology, History, and Literature of Ancient Greece.^[13][14][15]

Schools	Departments
School of Agricultural Development, Nutrition and Sustainability	Department of Rural Development, Agri-Food and Natural Resources Management
School of Education	Department of Primary Education^[16] Department of Early Childhood Education^[17]
School of Health Sciences	Department of Medicine^[18] Department of Nursing^[19] Department of Dentistry^[20] Department of Pharmacy^[21]
School of Physical Education and Sport Science	Department of Physical Education and Sport Science^[22]
School of Theology	Department of Theology^[23] Department of Social Theology and Religious Studies ^[24]
School of Science^[25]	Department of Mathematics^[26] Department of Physics^[27] Department of Informatics and Telecommunications^[28] Department of Chemistry^[29] Department of Biology^[30] Department of Geology and Geoenvironment^[31] Department of Digital Industry Technologies Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Department of History and Philosophy of Science
School of Law	Department of Law^[32]
School of Economics and Political Sciences	Department of Economics^[33] Department of Business Administration Department of Political Science and Public Administration^[34] Department of Sociology Department of Communication and Media Studies ^[35] Department of Turkish and Modern Asian Studies Department of Ports Management and Shipping Department of Digital Arts and Cinema
School of Philosophy^[36]	Department of Philology^[37] Department of History and Archaeology^[38] Department of Secondary Education (Educational Studies) Department of Philosophy Department of Psychology Department of English Language and Literature^[39] Department of French Language and Literature^[40] Department of German Language and Literature^[41] Department of Italian Language and Literature^[42] Department of Spanish Language and Literature^[43] Department of Russian Language and Slavic Studies Department of Theatre Studies^[44] Department of Music Studies^[45] Department of Philosophy - Pedagogy and Psychology (since 2019 the department is in transitional mode after its partition)^[46]

Academic evaluation

 

The University Club building, founded in 1930. The building houses the Health Services Office, the Meals Department, the University Club reading rooms, and the Students' Cultural Association (POFPA).

In 2015, the external evaluation of the institution cited University of Athens as Worthy of merit.^[1]

An external evaluation of all academic departments in Greek universities was conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA) in 2010–14.^[47][48]

Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World^[49]	301-400 (2020)
CWTS World^[50]	248 (2019)

The University of Athens is considered one of the leading universities of Greece, a leading European regional university and is present in the top universities annual lists. The most recent is the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities of 2019 that listed it in the 219th place out of 12,000 universities worldwide (1st in Greece, 70th in Europe) with very high perspectives regarding the university's openness.^[51]

It is ranked 401st–500th in The Times Higher Education (THE) annual list.^[52]

Furthermore, according to the QS World University Rankings annual list it is listed 651st–700th with very high research output.^[53] The Shanghai Ranking (Academic Ranking of World Universities) ranked in 2018 the University 301st–400th globally.^[54] In 2018 it was listed by the CWTS Leiden Ranking in the 232nd place globally with great publication output in the Biomedical and Health Sciences field.^[55]

In 2019 the university was situated in the 73rd place worldwide in the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities by citations in Top Google Scholar Profiles.^[56] The U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking (USNWR) lists it 279th in the world and 1st in Greece.^[57]

In the field of Pharmacy and Pharmacology it is listed 101st–150th in the world by QS and 94th by USNWR.^[53][58] The last situates the University 114th in Immunology and 166th in Clinical Medicine.^[59][60]

Campuses

 

Ano Ilisia University campus

 

Psachna campus

 

The Physics department building at the Ano Ilisia campus

The main campus is at Ano Ilisia, Zografou. There the faculties of Science, Theology and Philosophy are situated. The faculty of Life Sciences is located at Goudi and the faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science is located at Dafni. The faculties of Media, Education, Economics, Law and Public Administration are housed in various buildings near the centre of Athens, along with various administration facilities. University administration was housed initially in a historical neoclassical building near the center of Athens on Panepistimiou Street, but was relocated at the main university campus later.

Campus location	Schools	Departments
Ano Ilisia	School of Theology
	School of Philosophy
	School of Science
		Department of Pharmacy (School of Health Sciences)
Goudi	School of Health Sciences
Centre of Athens	School of Law
	School of Economics and Political Sciences
	School of Education (Primary and Early Childhood)
Dafni	School of Physical Education and Sport Science
Psachna	School of Agricultural Development, Nutrition and Sustainability
		Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (School of Science)
		Department of Digital Industry Technologies (School of Science)
		Department of Digital Art and Cinema (School of Economics and Political Sciences)
		Department of Ports Management and Shipping (School of Economics and Political Sciences)

Research

Research in the University of Athens includes almost all research interests. Such research in the university is associated with that conducted by the hospitals and research institutes of the metropolitan area, including the National Research Center for Physical Sciences "Demokritos", the National Hellenic Research Foundation (EIE), the National Observatory of Athens, the Hellenic Pasteur Institute, the Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming", the Athens High Performance Computing Laboratory, the National Centre for Marine Research (NCMR) and the Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA).

Research conducted in the institutes of the metropolitan area of Athens accounted for more than 50% of the ISI-indexed scientific publications coming from Greece.^[61][62][63] The Department of Informatics and Telecommunications has been ranked continuously among the 100 most important research institutes in the field of Computer Science, according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).^[54]

KEDIVIM

The Centre of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning (KEDIVIM; Greek: Κ.Ε.ΔΙ.ΒΙ.Μ. - Κέντρο Επιμόρφωσης και Δια Βίου Μάθησης) of the University of Athens (UoA) is a separate continuing and professional adult educational unit within University of Athens, at "non-typical education", although it is fully or partially regulated by the state and lead to officially recognised qualifications being considered non-formal education (NFE). It offers short-term courses^{[64][65][66][67]} on-campus and by Distance e-Learning Mode off-campus mediated via real-time electronic means, certified by the EOPPEP - National Organization for the Certification of Qualifications and Vocational Guidance (Greek: Εθνικός Οργανισμός Πιστοποίησης Προσόντων και Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού - Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π.). In Greece, adult education, continuing education or lifelong learning is offered to students of all adult ages.

Notable alumni

See also: List of University of Athens alumni

Throughout its history, a sizeable number of University of Athens alumni have become notable in many varied fields, both academic and otherwise. Moreover, two Nobel Prize-winners have studied or taught at Athens, with both their prizes being in Literature.

Politics

Political leaders who attended the University of Athens

 

Eleftherios Venizelos

 

Konstantinos Karamanlis

 

Andreas Papandreou

 

Nicos Anastasiades

Fifteen Greek prime ministers and three Greek presidents (Konstantinos Karamanlis served as both) have studied at the University of Athens, including Charilaos Trikoupis, Eleftherios Venizelos, Georgios Papandreou, Andreas Papandreou, Konstantinos Karamanlis, Karolos Papoulias, and most recently interim prime minister Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou. Also, Constantine II, the last monarch of Greece, and Nicos Anastasiades, the current president of Cyprus, attended the university.

The University of Athens has also been home to a large number of other politicians, such as Dora Bakoyannis, Kyriakos Mavronikolas, Georgios Alogoskoufis, Fofi Gennimata, and Dimitris Koutsoumpas.

Science

• Gerasimos Danilatos, physicist, inventor of the ESEM
• Sophia Frangou, psychiatrist
• John P. A. Ioannidis (DSc, 1996 and MD 1990), professor and medical researcher^[68]
• Fotis Kafatos, biologist
• Michael N. Katehakis, applied mathematics and operations research
• Nikos Logothetis, neuroscientist
• George Michalopoulos, professor and medical researcher
• Dimitri Nanopoulos, physicist
• Georgios Papanikolaou, doctor, inventor of the Pap test
• Costas Soukoulis, physicist
• Nikos Sypsas, medical doctor and infectious disease expert
• Dimitrios Trichopoulos, cancer epidemiologist
• Panayotis Varotsos, physicist
• Leonidas Zervas, organic chemist
• Zoe Pikramenou, inorganic chemist

Literature and philosophy

• Giorgios Seferis, Nobel laureate (1963), poet^[69]
• Odysseas Elytis, Nobel laureate (1979), poet^[70]
• Nikos Kazantzakis, writer and philosopher, nine times Nobel nominee
• Helene Ahrweiler, byzantinologist
• Cornelius Castoriadis, philosopher
• Dimitra Fimi, academic and writer
• Emmanuel Kriaras, lexicographer and philologist
• Vassilis Rotas, author, translator and politician

• Stathis Psillos, philosopher of science, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stathis_Psillos

Archaeology

• Stylianos Alexiou, archaeologist and philologist
• Semni Karouzou, archaeologist and curator
• Yannis Sakellarakis, archaeologist
• Evi Touloupa, archaeologist and curator

Religion

• Saint Nectarios of Aegina
• Ieronymos I of Athens, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece
• Anastasios of Albania, Archbishop of Albania
• Porfirije, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch
• Demetrios Trakatellis, Archbishop of America

Other

• Christos Christou, International President of Médecins Sans Frontières
• Apostolos Santas, Greek veteran of the Resistance against the Axis Occupation of Greece during World War II
• Panagiotis Pikrammenos, judge and caretaker prime minister

See also

• Athens University Museum
• Education in Greece
• List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
• List of research institutes in Greece
• List of universities in Greece
• List of University of Athens alumni
• Open access in Greece

References

1. "University of Athens – External Evaluation Report" (PDF). 2015."The EEC’s assessment is that University of Athens is worthy of merit. Educate faculty in the need for QA and evaluation. The successful process of self-evaluation can be replicated. An impartial, genuine, honest, open, effective and constructive strategic planning and communication between the Institution and the state needs to be implemented in order to put in place measures for its longer term viability and tradition of excellence. We conclude by pointing out that the recommendations indicated in our report are intended as ways to improve an already excellent Institution. The culture of excellence in research and teaching that the Institution has established for itself was appreciated by every member of the EEC."
2. "National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Internal Evaluation Report 2015" (PDF). modip.uoa.gr. 2015-06-01.
3. "National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Internal Evaluation Report 2015" (in Greek). modip.uoa.gr. 2015-06-01.
4. "University of Athens – History and Perspectives". www.uoa.gr.
5. "UoA 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 13 September 2020.
6. "University of Athens – Archaeology of the City of Athens". National Hellenic Research Foundation (In Greek). Retrieved 6 October 2014.
7. . To Kapodistriako (in Greek). kapodistriako.uoa.gr. 2002-04-15. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2015-03-04.
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14. Lakasas, Apostolos (1 May 2018). "Greece getting its first English undergraduate program". Kathimerini. from the original on 2021-04-17.
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23. "Department of Theology – HQA Final Report" (PDF). 2013.
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42. "Department of Italian Language and Literature – HQA Final Report" (PDF). 2014.
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57. "Best Global Universities in Greece". www.usnews.com. 2019.
58. "National and Kapodistrias University-Pharmacology and Toxicology World Excellence List".
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60. "Clinical Medicine Ranking".
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External links

•   Media related to National and Kapodistrian University of Athens at Wikimedia Commons
• National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Official website (in Greek and English)
• Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA) (in Greek and English)
• Kallipos (e-books Greek academic publishing) (in Greek and English)
• Greek Research and Technology Network (GRNET) (in Greek and English)
• National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Internal Quality Assurance Unit (in Greek)
• Didaskaleio of NKUA University (Διδασκαλείο Ξένων Γλωσσών) (in Greek)