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Timeline of reproductive rights legislation

November 27, 2023

This is a timeline of reproductive rights legislation, a chronological list of laws and legal decisions affecting human reproductive rights. Reproductive rights are a sub-set of human rights[1] pertaining to issues of reproduction and reproductive health.[2] These rights may include some or all of the following: the right to legal or safe abortion, the right to birth control, the right to access quality reproductive healthcare, and the right to education and access in order to make reproductive choices free from coercion, discrimination, and violence.[3] Reproductive rights may also include the right to receive education about contraception and sexually transmitted infections, and freedom from coerced sterilization, abortion, and contraception, and protection from practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM).[1][2][3]

17th century–19th century

  • End of 16th century – In England Sir Edward Coke formulated the "born alive rule" in common law, which holds that various criminal laws, such as homicide and assault, apply only to a child that is "born alive".
  • 1765 – In England post-quickening abortion is no longer considered homicide in England, but William Blackstone confirms the "born alive rule" and calls it "a very heinous misdemeanor".[4][5]
  • 1778 – In Sweden, the first Infanticide Act granted mothers the right and the means for an anonymous birth.
  • 1793 – In the French First Republic, Article 326 of the Code Civil legalized both anonymous and confidential births.
  • 1803 – The United Kingdom enacted Lord Ellenborough's Act, making abortion after quickening a capital crime, and providing lesser penalties for the felony of abortion before quickening.[6][7]
  • 1810 – The 1810 Napoleonic Code of the First French Empire punished any person who procured an abortion with imprisonment.[8]
  • 1821 – A Connecticut law targeted apothecaries who sold "poisons" to women for the purpose of inducing an abortion.
  • 1827 – An Illinois law prohibited the sale of drugs that could induce abortions.[9] The law classed these medications as a "poison".[10] The 1827 law was the first in the nation to impose criminal penalties in connection with abortion before quickening.[11]
  • 1827 – In New York State the first statute to criminalize abortion was enacted which made post-quickening abortions a felony and made pre-quickening abortions a misdemeanor.[11][12]
  • 1842 – In Japan the Tokugawa shogunate banned induced abortion in Edo. The law did not affect the rest of the country.[13]
  • 1845 – New York passed a statute that said women who had abortions could be given a prison sentence of three months to a year. They were one of the few states at the time to have laws punishing women for procuring abortions.[11]
  • 1849 – In 1849, the Wisconsin state legislature passed a law that criminalized abortion, making it a felony for a doctor to perform an abortion on a woman, no matter the circumstances of her pregnancy including pregnancy as a result of rape or incest, unless the pregnancy endangers the life of the mother.[14][15]
  • 1854 – Texas passed an abortion law that made performing an abortion, except in the case of preserving the life of the mother, a criminal offense punishable by two to five years in prison. The law, found in Articles 4512.1 to 4512.4, had a proviso that anyone who provided medication or other means to assist in performing an abortion was an accomplice who could also be charged.[16]
  • 1856 – In Sweden, an amendment to the 1778 Infanticide Act restricted the right to give birth anonymously to a mere confidential birth.
  • 1867 – Illinois passed a bill that made abortion and attempted abortion a criminal offense.[17][9]
  • 1869 – The Parliament of Canada unified criminal law in all provinces, banning abortion.[18]
  • c. 1870 – Illinois passed another law banning the sale of drugs that could cause induced abortions. The law is notable because it allowed an exception for "the written prescription of some well-known and respectable practicing physician".[10]
  • 1872 – New York state made it a penalty to perform an abortion, with a criminal sentence of between 4 and 20 years in prison.[11]
  • 1873 – The passage of the Comstock Act in the United States makes it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information on contraception or abortion and how to obtain them. (see also advertisement of abortion services).[19]
  • 1820–1900 – In the United States, primarily through the efforts of physicians in the American Medical Association and legislators, most abortions were outlawed.[20]

20th century

1910s

  • 1918 – In the United States, Margaret Sanger was charged under the New York law against disseminating contraceptive information. On appeal, her conviction was reversed on the grounds that contraceptive devices could legally be promoted for the cure and prevention of disease.[21]

1920s

  • 1920 – In France, a law forbidding all forms of contraception and information about it was enacted.
  • 1920 – In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin legalized abortion on request, the first country to do so.[22] The law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR, and then the rest of the country in 1922.[23]
  • 1921 – In the Ukrainian SSR the law legalizing abortion on request in the Soviet Union was introduced in July, and then in the rest of the country.[23]

1930s

  • 1931 – In Mexico abortion was legalized in cases of rape.[24]
  • 1932 – In Michigan, a law was passed that made abortion illegal.[25]
  • 1932 – Poland was the first country in Europe outside the Soviet Union to legalize abortion in cases of rape and threat to maternal health.[26]
  • 1935 – Iceland became the first Western country to legalize therapeutic abortion under limited circumstances.[27]
  • 1935 – Nazi Germany amended its eugenics law to promote abortion for women with hereditary disorders.[28] The law allowed abortion if a woman gave her permission, and if the fetus was not yet viable,[29][30][31] and for purposes of so-called racial hygiene.[32][33]
  • 1935 – In Ireland contraception was made illegal under the 1935 Criminal Law (Amendment) Act.[34]
  • 1936 – Joseph Stalin reversed most parts of Lenin's legalization of abortion in the Soviet Union to increase population growth.[35]
  • 1936 – A US federal appeals court ruled in United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries that the federal government could not interfere with doctors providing contraception to their patients.[21]
  • 1936 – The Government of Catalonia legalised free abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.[36][37][38]
  • 1938 – In Britain, Dr. Aleck Bourne aborted the pregnancy of a young girl who had been raped by British soldiers. Bourne was acquitted after turning himself in to authorities. The legal precedent of allowing abortion in order to avoid mental or physical damage was adopted by other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • 1938 – In Sweden abortion was legalized on a limited basis.
  • 1939 – The Penal Code of France was altered to permit an abortion that would save the pregnant woman's life.[8]

1940s

  • 1948 – The Eugenic Protection Act in Japan expanded the circumstances in which abortion is allowed.[39]

1950s

  • 1955 – The government of South Korea criminalized abortion in the 1953 Criminal Code in all circumstances.
  • 1955 – In the Soviet Union abortion was legalized again.[35]
  • 1959 – The American Law Institute (ALI) in the United States drafted a model state abortion law to make legal abortions accessible.

1960s

  • 1964 – In Norway the first law to legalize abortion was passed. It allowed abortion in cases of danger to the mother, and the abortion decision was made by two doctors.
  • 1965 – Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), was a landmark decision of the U.S Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of married couples to buy and use contraceptives without government restriction.[40] The case involved a Connecticut "Comstock law" that prohibited any person from using "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception". The court held that the statute was unconstitutional and that its effect was "to deny disadvantaged citizens ... access to medical assistance and up-to-date information in respect to proper methods of birth control". By a vote of 7–2, the Supreme Court invalidated the law on the grounds that it violated the "right to marital privacy", establishing the basis for the right to privacy with respect to intimate practices. This and other cases view the right to privacy as "protected from governmental intrusion".[41]
  • 1965 – The New York State Legislature amended their abortion-related statute to allow for more therapeutic exceptions.[11]
  • 1966 – In Romania, the Ceauşescu regime enacted Decree 770 which banned all abortion in Romania and contraception, except in very limited cases in an attempt to boost the country's population.[42]
  • 1966 – The Mississippi legislature made abortion legal in cases of rape.[43]
  • 1967 – In France the Neuwirth Law lifted the ban on birth control methods, including oral contraception, on 28 December 1967.
  • 1967 – The UK Abortion Act (effective 1968) legalized abortion in the United Kingdom under certain grounds (except in Northern Ireland).
  • 1967 – Colorado became the first state to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape, incest, or in which pregnancy would lead to permanent physical disability of the woman. Similar laws were passed in both California and North Carolina.
  • 1968 – The US states of Georgia and Maryland reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code.
  • 1968 – In the United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's Committee on The Status of Women released a report calling for a repeal of all abortion laws.
  • 1969 – Arkansas, Delaware, Kansas, and New Mexico reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code.
  • 1969 – The New Mexico legislature passed a law that made it a felony for anyone to provide a woman with an abortion unless it was needed to save her life, or because her pregnancy was a result of rape or incest.[44]
  • 1969 – Canada passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-69, which began to allow abortion for selective reasons.
  • 1969 – The ruling in the Victorian case of R v Davidson defined for the first time which abortions were lawful in Australia.[45]
  • 1969 – Singapore passed The Abortion Act 1969 (effective 1970) which legalised abortion in Singapore. It was then replaced by the Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974. This allowed all women to abort a fetus "on request" before 24 weeks of the pregnancy had passed, unless the treatment is immediately necessary to save the life or to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman.
  • 1969 – The California Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion rights, after hearing an appeal launched by Dr. Leon Belous, who had been convicted of referring a woman to someone who could provide her with an illegal abortion;[46] California's abortion law was declared unconstitutional in People v. Belous because it was vague and denied people due process.[47]

1970s

  • 1970 – Hawaii, New York, Alaska and Washington repealed their abortion laws. Hawaii became the first state to legalize abortions on the request of the woman,[48] New York repealed its 1830 law, and Washington held a referendum on legalizing early pregnancy abortions, becoming the first state to legalize abortion through a vote of the people.[49]
  • 1970 – South Carolina and Virginia reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code.
  • 1970 – The New York Senate passed a law decriminalizing abortion in most cases.[50] Republican Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller signed the bill into law the next day.[51] The 1970 law did several things. First, it added a consent provision requiring a physician to obtain the woman's consent before performing an abortion.[52] Second, it permitted physician-provided elective abortion services within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy or to preserve the woman's life.[52] Third, it permitted a woman, when acting upon the advice of a duly licensed physician, to perform an "abortional act" on herself within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy or to preserve her life.[52]
  • 1970 – Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970 Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–572, which established the Public Health Service Title X program in the United States, provided family planning services for those in need.[53][54]
  • 1970 – The U.S. Congress removed references to contraception from federal anti-obscenity laws.[55]
  • 1971 – In a 1971 case, Trust Territory v. Tarkong,[56] the Appellate Court of the Trust Territory (see also United States territorial court) held:

    As far as the woman herself is concerned, unless the abortion statute expressly makes her responsible, it is generally held, although the statute reads any "person", that she is not liable to any criminal prosecution, whether she solicits the act or performs it upon herself.[57]

  • 1971 – Alaska repealed its statute that said inducing an abortion was a criminal offense.[58]
  • 1971 – The Parliament of India, under the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi, passes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 (MTP Act 1971), which was authored by Sripati Chandrasekhar.[59][60] India thus became one of the earliest nations to pass such an act.[61]
  • 1972 – The Vermont Supreme Court made a ruling that effectively ended abortion restrictions in the state.[62]
  • 1972 – Florida reformed its abortion law based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code.
  • 1972 – The U.S. Supreme Court, in Eisenstadt v. Baird, extended Griswold v. Connecticut birth control rights to unmarried couples.
  • 1972 – In Abele v. Markle, 351 F. Supp. 224 (D. Conn. 1972) it was ruled that a Connecticut statute prohibiting abortions, except to save the life of the mother, was unconstitutional.
  • 1973 – The U.S. Church Amendment of 1973 prohibits hospitals receiving federal funds from discriminating against a doctor on the basis of whether the doctor provides abortions or sterilizations.[63]
  • 1973 – The U.S. Supreme Court, in Roe v. Wade, declared all individual state bans on abortion during the first trimester to be unconstitutional, allowed states to regulate but not proscribe abortion during the second trimester, and allowed states to proscribe abortion during the third trimester unless an abortion is in the best interest of the woman's physical or mental health. The Court legalized abortion in all trimesters when a woman's doctor believes the abortion is necessary for her physical or mental health and held that only a "compelling state interest" justified regulations limiting the individual right to privacy.
  • 1973 – Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court overturning the abortion law of Georgia. The Supreme Court's decision was released on January 22, 1973, the same day as the decision in the better-known case of Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). Doe v. Bolton challenged Georgia's much more liberal abortion statute.
  • 1973 – Denmark granted its permanent residents the right to legal abortion up to the end of the 12th week of pregnancy.[64]
  • 1973 – In South Korea the abortion law was amended by the Maternal and Child Health Law of 1973, which permitted a physician to perform an abortion if the pregnant woman or her spouse suffered from certain hereditary or communicable diseases, if the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest, or if continuing the pregnancy would jeopardize the woman's health. Any physician who violated the law was punished with two years imprisonment. Self-induced abortions were illegal, and punishable by a fine or imprisonment.[65][66]
  • 1974 – In Ireland McGee v. The Attorney General [1974] IR 284 was a case in the Irish Supreme Court in 1974 that referenced Article 41 of the Irish Constitution.[67][68] It concerned Mary McGee, whose condition was such that she was advised by her physician that if she would become pregnant again, her life would be endangered. She was then instructed to use a diaphragm and spermicidal jelly that was prescribed to her.[69] However, Section 17 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1935 prohibited her from acquiring the prescription. The Supreme Court ruled by a 4 to 1 majority in favor of her, after determining that married couples have the constitutional right to make private decisions on family planning.[69]
  • 1974 – Emergency legislation was passed by the House of Lords to allow medical staff stationed at Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus to perform emergency abortions for raped women and girls following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.[70]
  • 1974 – Kentucky adopted a law preventing public hospitals from performing abortion procedures except to protect the life of the mother.[71]
  • 1975–1980 – France (1975), West Germany (1976), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), and the Netherlands (1980) legalized abortion on demand in the first trimester. In France, no elective abortions were allowed for non-medical reasons after 10–12 weeks of gestation.
  • 1975 – The 79th General Assembly enacted the Illinois Abortion Law, which included a trigger law providing that if Roe v. Wade were overturned or repealed, "the former policy of this State to prohibit abortions unless necessary for the preservation of the mother's life shall be reinstated."[72]
  • 1975 – On February 19, 1975, the Texas Supreme Court ruled in the case Jacobs v. Theimer that a woman could sue her doctor for wrongful birth.[73][74][75] That case involved Dortha Jean Jacobs (later Dortha Biggs), who caught rubella while pregnant and gave birth to Lesli, who was severely disabled.[75][73] Dortha and her husband sued her doctor, saying he did not diagnose the rubella or warn them how it would affect the pregnancy.[75]
  • 1976–1977 – Representative Henry Hyde of Illinois sponsored the Hyde Amendment, which passed, and allowed U.S. states to prohibit the use of Medicaid funding for abortions.
  • 1978 – The US federal Pregnancy Discrimination Act was passed, prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.[76]
  • 1978 – In the spring of 1978, the law on free access to abortion in Norway was passed.
  • 1978 – Akron, Ohio, passed a city ordinance that restricted abortion rights.[43]
  • 1979 – The People's Republic of China enacted a one-child policy to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems,[77] encouraging couples to have no more than one child, and in some cases imposing penalties for violating the policy.
  • 1979 – The Ireland, Health (Family Planning) Act, 1979 allowed the sale of contraceptives, upon presentation of a prescription.
  • 1979 – A court found a Missouri law requiring women past their first trimester to have their abortions performed in a hospital unconstitutional.[78]

1980s

  • 1980 – In 1974, Kentucky adopted a law preventing public hospitals from performing abortion procedures except to protect the life of the mother.[71] The law was later ruled unconstitutional by the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. The state legislature passed a new version of the law in 1980.[71]
  • 1980 – In William v. Zbaraz, the United States Supreme Court upheld that states could constitutionally make their own versions of the anti-abortion Hyde Amendment, and that states/the federal government have no statutory or constitutional obligation to fund medically necessary abortions.
  • 1981 – In Italy a proposal promoted by the Catholic Church to repeal the 1978 abortion law was rejected by 68% of the voters in a referendum.
  • 1982 – The Pennsylvania government passed the Abortion Control Act. The law required women seeking abortions to wait 24 hours before getting an abortion. It also required the informed consent of parents for minors seeking abortions and the informed consent of husbands for married women seeking abortions.[79][80]
  • 1982 – In France the government passes a bill that includes abortions under the French social security system.[81]
  • 1983 – The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, recognizing "the unborn" as having a right to life equal to that of "the mother".[82][83]
  • 1983 – The illegal abortion conviction of a Wayne County, Kentucky man put the issue of abortion before the Kentucky Supreme Court.[84] The court ruled that a seven-month-old fetus killed by the man during an attack on his wife could not be defined as a person under the Model Penal Code.[84]
  • 1984 – In July the California Courts of Appeal overturned Superior Court of Los Angeles County judge Eli Chernow, ruling that fetuses could not be buried as human remains in the Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal.
  • 1985 – The Wisconsin law "Wisconsin Stat. § 940.15", enacted in 1985, made abortion a crime only after viability, and allowed abortion after viability "if the abortion is necessary to preserve the life or health of the woman, as determined by reasonable medical judgment of the woman's attending physician."[85]
  • 1985 – Article 12's May 1986 supplement to the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Constitution stipulated that "the abortion of the unborn child during the mother's pregnancy is prohibited by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, except as provided by law." The measure was adopted in 1985.[16]
  • 1985 – A directive from the American Samoa Attorney General stated that elective abortions were unconstitutional and such procedures could not occur at public hospitals.[16][86]
  • 1985 – In Honduras, abortion became completely illegal.[87]
  • 1985 – In Ireland, the Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act, 1985 allowed the sale of condoms and spermicides to people over 18 without having to present a prescription.
  • 1985 – The British Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 made female genital mutilation a crime throughout the UK. The Act was replaced by the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 respectively, both of which extended the legislation to cover acts committed by UK nationals outside the UK's borders.
  • 1986 – American Samoa's legal code section 46.3904 established that no physician or hospital employee can be compelled to participate in an abortion procedure if doing so goes against their conscience, and that such refusals are immune to criminal, administrative or disciplinary action.[16][86] Other legal code sections declared that the only people who can legally perform legal abortions are licensed American Samoan physicians.[16][86] Legal code sections 46.3902 and 46.3903 made any attempt to terminate a pregnancy except in the case of saving the physical or mental health of the mother a crime.[16][86][88]
  • 1986 – The Kentucky General Assembly passed legislation requiring parental consent for minors seeking abortions.[89] The law required the consent of only the custodial parent if the parents did not live together, and also allowed the minor to petition a district or circuit court for permission.[90]
  • 1988 – France legalized the "abortion pill" mifepristone (RU-486).
  • 1988 – In R. v. Morgentaler, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down an abortion regulation which allowed abortions in some circumstances but required approval of a committee of doctors for violating a woman's constitutional "security of person"; Canadian law has not regulated abortion since.
  • 1989 – Webster v. Reproductive Health Services in the United States reinforced states' rights to prevent publicly funded facilities from providing or assisting with abortion services.

1990s

  • 1990 – The Legislature of Guam enacted a law prohibiting abortion in all cases except when there was "substantial risk" to the woman's life or continuing the pregnancy would "gravely impair" her health.[16][91] This law was challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union and struck down by the ninth circuit court of Guam in a case called Guam Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists v. Ada in 1997.[16][92][93]
  • 1990 – Nevada voters approved Question 7 to affirm a statute (Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 442, section 250) permitting abortion up to 24 weeks gestation by 63.5% of the vote.[94] With the affirmation, the Nevada Legislature may not in any way alter that statute unless it is first repealed by the state's voters in a direct vote.[95]
  • 1990 – The Abortion Act in the UK was amended so that abortion is legal only up to 24 weeks, rather than 28, except in unusual cases.
  • 1992 – In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the trimester framework in Roe v. Wade, making it legal for states to proscribe abortion after the point of fetal viability, excepting instances that would risk the woman's health.
  • 1992 – The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit freedom of travel in and out of the state.
  • 1992 – The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit the right to distribute information about services in foreign countries.
  • 1992 – In Ireland Attorney General v. X (the "X Case"), [1992] IESC 1; [1992] 1 IR 1, was a landmark Irish Supreme Court case which established the right of Irish women to an abortion if a pregnant woman's life was at risk because of pregnancy, including the risk of suicide. Following his retirement, Supreme Court Justice Hugh O'Flaherty said that the X Case was "peculiar to its own particular facts", since X miscarried and did not have an abortion, and this renders the case moot in Irish law.[96] (See below events in 2012/2013).
  • 1993 – Maine passed abortion-related legislation that said women have the right to "terminate a pregnancy before viability".[97][98]
  • 1993 – In Ireland, the Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act, 1992 allowed the sale of contraceptives without a prescription.
  • 1993 – Poland banned abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, severe congenital disorders, or threat to the life of the pregnant woman.
  • 1993 – R v Morgentaler[99] was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada invalidating a provincial attempt to regulate abortion in Canada. In the decision, the provincial regulations were ruled to be a criminal law, and in violation of the Constitution Act, 1867, which assigns criminal law exclusively to the Parliament of Canada.
  • 1994 – Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc., 512 U.S. 753 (1994), was a United States Supreme Court case where petitioners challenged the constitutionality of an injunction entered by a Florida state court prohibiting anti-abortion protesters from demonstrating in certain places and in various ways outside a health clinic that performs abortions.[100] The Madsen majority sustained the constitutionality of the Clinic's thirty-six-foot buffer zone and the noise-level provision, finding that they burdened no more speech than necessary to serve the injunction's goals. However, the Court struck down the thirty-six-foot buffer zone as applied to the private property north and west of the clinic, the "images observable" provision, the three-hundred-foot no-approach zone around the clinic, and the three-hundred-foot buffer zone around residences. The Court found that these provisions "[swept] more broadly than necessary" to protect the state's interests. Thus, the judgment of the Florida Supreme Court was affirmed in part and reversed in part.[101]
  • 1994 – The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act was passed by the United States Congress, forbidding the use of force or obstruction to prevent someone from providing or receiving reproductive health services.
  • 1995 – The Attorney General announces that constitutionally, women have a legal right to an abortion in the Northern Mariana Islands.[102]
  • 1995 – The 89th Illinois General Assembly enacted the Parental Notice of Abortion Act, a parental notification law. The Act required physicians to give 48 hours notice to the parent, grandparent or guardian of a minor seeking an abortion.[103] However, the law was enjoined by the courts for more than two decades.[104]
  • 1997 – A Louisiana law created a civil cause of action for abortion-related damages, including damage to the unborn, for up to ten years after the abortion. The same law also barred the state's Patient's Compensation Fund, which limits malpractice liability for participating physicians, from insuring against abortion-related claims.[105][106]
  • 1997 – In 1990, the Legislature of Guam enacted a law prohibiting abortion in all cases except when there was "substantial risk" to the woman's life or continuing the pregnancy would "gravely impair" her health.[16][91] This law was challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union and struck down by the Ninth Circuit Court of Guam in 1997 in Guam Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists v. Ada.[16][92][93]
  • 1997 – New Hampshire Governor Jeanne Shaheen signed legislation that repealed most of the abortion restrictions in place in the state.[107]
  • 1997 – The Kansas legislature passed the Woman's Right to Know Act, which required, except in the case of a medical emergency, a 24-hour period between the time that the woman is informed in writing of legally-required information and the abortion.[108]
  • 1997 – In South Africa, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 came into effect, allowing elective abortion care. The Abortion and Sterilization Act, 1975, which only allowed abortions in very limited circumstances, was repealed.
  • 1997 – Honduras established a penalty from three to six years in prison for women who obtain an abortion and for medical staff who are involved in the process.[109]
  • 1997 – The Montana Legislature passed a law that said only physicians could perform abortions. Following a lawsuit, the law was changed to allow nurse practitioners to perform abortions.[110]
  • 1998 – In Christian Lawyers Association and Others v Minister of Health and Others, the Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa upheld the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, holding that the Constitution of South Africa does not forbid abortions.[111]
  • 1998 – In Portugal, the legalization of abortion until 10 weeks of pregnancy is rejected by voters in a referendum. A second referendum was eventually held nine years later, in which voters approved the legalization of abortion with the same time restrictions.
  • 1998 – The Kentucky General Assembly passed legislation requiring clinics to have an Abortion Clinic License if they wanted to operate. Part of this was a requirement for a transfer agreement between the clinic and a hospital and ambulance.[112]
  • 1999 – In the United States, Congress passed a ban on intact dilation and extraction, which President Bill Clinton vetoed.

21st century

2000s

  • 2000 – In Stenberg v. Carhart, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned a Nebraska state law that banned intact dilation and extraction.
  • 2000 – The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[113]
  • 2001 – The ten-week limit on abortion in France was extended to the twelfth week.[114]
  • 2001 – Minors are no longer required to have parental consent for abortion in France. A pregnant girl in France under the age of 18 may ask for an abortion without consulting her parents if she is accompanied to the clinic by an adult of her choice, who must not tell her parents or any third party about the abortion.[115][116][117]
  • 2002 – The California State Legislature passed a law that said: "The state may not deny or interfere with a woman's right to choose or obtain an abortion prior to viability of the fetus, or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman."[118][119]
  • 2003 – In June 2003, the New Hampshire Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act, "an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors," was narrowly passed by the New Hampshire General Court.[120] This law was repealed in 2007.[121]
  • 2003 – The U.S. enacted the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, and President George W. Bush signed it into law. After the law was challenged in three appeals courts, the U.S. Supreme Court held that it was constitutional because, unlike the earlier Nebraska state law, it was not vague or overly broad. The court also held that banning the procedure did not constitute an "undue burden", even without a health exception (see also Gonzales v. Carhart).
  • 2003 – Scheidler v. National Organization for Women, 537 U.S. 393 (2003), was a United States Supreme Court case involving whether abortion providers could receive damages from protesters under the RICO Act.[122] The National Organization for Women (NOW) obtained class status for women seeking the use of women's health clinics and began its court battle against Joseph Scheidler and PLAN et al. in 1986. In this particular case, the court's opinion was that extortion did not apply to the defendants' actions because they did not obtain any property from the respondents (NOW and the class of women).
  • 2003 – The Indiana Supreme Court recognized the medical malpractice tort of "wrongful pregnancy" when a woman became pregnant after a failed sterilization procedure. The court decided that the damages may include the cost of the pregnancy but may not include the ordinary cost of raising the child, as the benefits of rearing the child could not be calculated.[123]
  • 2005 – The U.S. Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (implemented in January 2007) prevented college health centers and many health care providers from participating in the drug pricing discount program, which formerly allowed contraceptives to be sold at a low cost to students and women of low income in the United States.
  • 2005 – South Dakota's legislature passed five laws curtailing the legality of abortion in 2005.[124]
  • 2006 – Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana signed into law a ban on most forms of abortion (unless the life of the mother was in danger or her health would be permanently damaged) once it passed the Louisiana State Legislature. The bill would only go into effect if the United States Supreme Court reversed Roe v. Wade. Louisiana's measure would allow the prosecution of any person who performed or aided in an abortion. The penalties include up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of $100,000.[125]
  • 2007 – The New Hampshire Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act, "an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors," was repealed.[120][121]
  • 2007 – The Parliament of Portugal voted to legalize abortion during the first ten weeks of pregnancy. This followed a referendum that, while revealing that a majority of Portuguese voters favored the legalization of early-stage abortions, failed due to low voter turnout.[126] A second referendum passed, however, and President Aníbal Cavaco Silva signed the measure into effect in April 2007.[127][128]
  • 2007 – The government of Mexico City legalized abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and offered free abortions. On 28 August 2008, the Mexican Supreme Court upheld the law.[129]
  • 2007 – The U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.[130]
  • 2007 – The Massachusetts legislature passed a law that established a 35-foot buffer zone around abortion clinics.[131] The law was struck down in 2014.[131]
  • 2008 – The Australian state of Victoria passed a bill decriminalizing abortion, making it legally accessible to women in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy.[132]
  • 2009 – In Spain, a bill decriminalized abortion, making it legally accessible to women in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy.[133]

2010s

2010

  • 2010 – Nebraska became the first state to use the disputed notion of fetal pain as a rationale to ban abortion after 20 weeks.[134]
  • 2010 – In Chile, the Morning After Pill Law came into force, setting rules on information, advice and services relating to fertility regulation, and allowing the free distribution of oral contraceptives in public clinics.[135]

2011

  • 2011 – A New Hampshire parental notification law regarding abortion was passed again in 2011 after the Republican-controlled House and Senate overrode Democratic Governor John Lynch's veto.[136]
  • 2011 – The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services established the policy, effective 2012, that all private insurance plans are required to provide contraceptive coverage to women without a co-pay or deductible.[137][138]

2012

2013

  • 2013 – A Wisconsin law, Act 37, was passed requiring abortion providers to have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital.[63][152]
  • 2013 – Ohio passed a Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) bill containing provisions related to admitting privileges and licensing and requiring clinics to have a transfer agreement with a hospital.[153]
  • 2013 – A law was signed in Ohio by Governor John Kasich, which mandates, among other things, that doctors who do not test for a fetal heartbeat when a patient seeks an abortion, tell the patient in writing if there is a heartbeat, and then tell them the statistical likelihood that the fetus could be carried to term, are subject to criminal penalties; specifically, "The doctor's failure to do so would be a first-degree misdemeanor, carrying up to six months in jail, for the first violation and a fourth-degree felony, carrying up to 18 months in jail, for subsequent violations."[154]
  • 2013 – United States, Kansas lawmakers approved sweeping anti-abortion legislation (HB 2253) on April 6, 2013, that says life begins at fertilization, forbids abortion based on gender and bans Planned Parenthood from providing sex education in schools.[155]
  • 2013 – A bill banning abortion after twelve weeks was passed on January 31, 2013, by the Arkansas Senate,[156][157] but vetoed in Arkansas by Governor Mike Beebe. On March 6, 2013, his veto was overridden by the Arkansas House of Representatives.[157][158] A federal judge issued a temporary injunction against the Arkansas law in May 2013,[159] and in March 2014, it was struck down by federal judge Susan Webber Wright, who described the law as unconstitutional.[160]

2014

  • 2014 – Louisiana passed a law that appeared to require it to maintain a database of women who had abortions in the state and the type of abortion the woman had.[161]
  • 2014 – Act 620 passed in Louisiana. Modeled after a law passed earlier in Texas, it required that any doctor performing abortions also have admittance privileges at an authorized hospital within a 30-mile radius of the abortion clinic, among other new requirements. At the time the law was passed, only one doctor had these privileges, effectively leaving only one legal abortion clinic in the state.[162]
  • 2014 – Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. ___ (2014), was a landmark decision[163][164] by the United States Supreme Court allowing closely held for-profit corporations to be exempt from laws its owners religiously object to if there is a less restrictive means of furthering the law's interest. It is the first time that the court has recognized a for-profit corporation's claim of religious belief,[165] but it is limited to closely held corporations.[a] The decision is an interpretation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and does not address whether such corporations are protected by the free-exercise of religion clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution. For such companies, the Court's majority directly struck down the contraceptive mandate, a regulation adopted by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requiring employers to cover certain contraceptives for their female employees, by a 5–4 vote.[166] The court said that the mandate was not the least restrictive way to ensure access to contraceptive care, noting that a less restrictive alternative was being provided for religious non-profits, until the Court issued an injunction three days later, effectively ending said alternative, replacing it with a government-sponsored alternative for any female employees of closely held corporations that do not wish to provide birth control.[167]
  • 2014 – McCullen v. Coakley, 573 U.S. ___ (2014), was a United States Supreme Court case. The Court unanimously held that Massachusetts' 35-feet fixed abortion buffer zones, established via amendments to that state's Reproductive Health Care Facilities Act, violated the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution because it limited free speech too broadly.
  • 2014 – A bill banning abortion after twelve weeks that was passed by the Arkansas Senate in 2013 was struck down by federal judge Susan Webber Wright, who described the law as unconstitutional.[160]
  • 2014 – The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Irish: An tAcht um Chosaint na Beatha le linn Toirchis 2013 was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D. Higgins, the President of Ireland; it commenced on 1 January 2014.[168][169][170] The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013[171] Act No.35 of 2013;[171] previously Bill No.66 of 2013[172]) is an Act of the Oireachtas which defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed. The Act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution of Ireland as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment Attorney General v. X (the "X case"). That judgment (see above events in 1992) allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman's life, including through a risk of suicide.

2015

  • 2015 – In 2015, the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a decision to strike down the admitting privileges requirement of Wisconsin's Act 37, passed in 2013.[173]
  • 2015 – Until 2015, the law in France imposed a seven-day "cool-off" period between the patient's first request for an abortion and a written statement confirming her decision (the delay could be reduced to two days if the patient was getting close to 12 weeks). That mandatory waiting period was abolished on 9 April 2015.[174]
  • 2015 – Tennessee established a required 48-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion.[175]
  • 2015 – Kansas became the first state in the United States to ban the dilation and evacuation procedure.[176] The law was later struck down by the Kansas Court of Appeals in January 2016 without ever having gone into effect.[177]
  • 2015 – Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signed into law in April 2012 abortion restrictions that prohibited the procedure after 20 weeks.[146][147] The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned this law in January 2015.[146][147][148]
  • 2015 – California's FACT Act, which mandated that crisis pregnancy centers provide certain disclosures about state services, was passed. The law required that licensed centers post visible notices that other options for pregnancy, including abortion, are available from state-sponsored clinics. It also mandated that unlicensed centers post notice of their unlicensed status. The centers, typically run by Christian non-profit groups, challenged the act on the basis that it violated their free speech. After prior reviews in lower courts, the case was brought to the Supreme Court, asking "Whether the disclosures required by the California Reproductive FACT Act violate the protections set forth in the free speech clause of the First Amendment, applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment."[178] The Court ruled on June 26, 2018, in a 5–4 decision that the notices required by the FACT Act violate the First Amendment by targeting speakers rather than speech.[179]

2016

  • 2016 – The FACT Act of New York state made patients aware of state-sponsored services that are available at crisis pregnancy centers, rather than what crisis pregnancy centers did or did not offer.[180] The law went into effect January 1, 2016.[181]
  • 2016 – South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley signed legislation that brought into effect a 20-week abortion ban.[182]
  • 2016 – Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, 579 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case decided on June 27, 2016, when the Court ruled 5–3 that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion. It has been called the most significant abortion rights case before the Supreme Court since Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992.[183]
  • 2016 – The Obama administration issued guidance informing states that ending Medicaid funding for Planned Parenthood or other healthcare providers that performed abortions might be against federal law. The administration contended that Medicaid law permitted states to ban providers from the program only if the providers could not perform covered services or bill for those services. The Trump administration repealed this guidance in 2018.[184]
  • 2016 – Zubik v. Burwell was a case before the United States Supreme Court on whether religious institutions other than churches should be exempt from the contraceptive mandate, a regulation adopted by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that requires non-church employers to cover certain contraceptives for their female employees. Churches are already exempt under those regulations.[185] On May 16, 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a per curiam ruling in Zubik v. Burwell that vacated the decisions of the Circuit Courts of Appeals and remanded the case "to the respective United States Courts of Appeals for the Third, Fifth, Tenth, and D.C. Circuits" for reconsideration in light of the "positions asserted by the parties in their supplemental briefs".[186] Because the Petitioners agreed that "their religious exercise is not infringed where they 'need to do nothing more than contract for a plan that does not include coverage for some or all forms of contraception'", the Court held that the parties should be given an opportunity to clarify and refine how this approach would work in practice and to "resolve any outstanding issues".[187] The Supreme Court expressed "no view on the merits of the cases."[188] In a concurring opinion, Justice Sotomayor, joined by Justice Ginsburg, noted that in earlier cases "some lower courts have ignored those instructions" and cautioned lower courts not to read any signals in the Supreme Court's actions in this case.[189]
  • 2016 – In June, the Women's Rights Foundation in Malta filed a judicial protest requesting access to emergency contraception.[190][191] In early October, a joint parliamentary committee recommended that oral contraceptives should be sold with a prescription, but that the decision was up to the Malta Medicines Authority.[192] On 17 October, the Malta Medicines Authority approved the sale of emergency contraception without a prescription in all pharmacies in Malta and Gozo, basing its decision to make it available without a prescription on ensuring efficacy of treatment. In December 2016 emergency contraception was available for sale in pharmacies across the Maltese islands.[193][194]
  • 2016 – An Alabama law is passed banning dilation & evacuation (D&E).[195] In August 2018, the Eleventh Circuit ruled the D&E legislation to be unconstitutional, blocking it from being enforced.[196]

2017

  • 2017 – A law passed by the Wyoming state legislature went into effect that prohibited the sale of fetal tissue.[145]
  • 2017 – A law went into effect in Wyoming that required abortion service providers to give women seeking abortions an ultrasound, but it had no enforcement component.[145]
  • 2017 – The "Mexico City Policy", which blocks U.S. federal funding for non-governmental organizations that provide abortion counseling or referrals, was reinstated by President Donald Trump.[197] Trump expanded the policy, making it cover all global health organizations that receive U.S. government funding, rather than only family planning organizations that do, as was previously the case.[198]
  • 2017 – In Poland, a law is passed restricting emergency contraception by changing it from an over-the-counter drug to a prescription drug, requiring a visit to a doctor.[199]
  • 2017 – The Trump administration of the United States issued a ruling allowing insurers and employers to refuse to provide birth control if doing so went against their "religious beliefs" or "moral convictions".[200]
  • 2017 – U.S. Federal judge Wendy Beetlestone issued an injunction temporarily stopping the enforcement of the Trump administration rule allowing insurers and employers to refuse to provide birth control if doing so went against their "religious beliefs" or "moral convictions".[200][201]
  • 2017 – The state legislature updated Delaware's legal code around abortion. It was changed to read, "the termination of a pregnancy prior to viability, to protect the life or health of the mother, or in the event of serious fetal anomaly."[97][202]
  • 2017 – The 100th Illinois General Assembly repealed the trigger law component of the Illinois Abortion Law of 1975, but left many of its other provisions intact. In the same act, the General Assembly provided for abortion to be covered under Medicaid and state employee health insurance. The bill was signed into law by pro-choice Republican governor Bruce Rauner.[203]
  • 2017 – The Reproductive Health Equity Act was passed, which required health insurance in Oregon to offer abortion coverage and to absorb most of the costs for the procedure, instead of passing them along to women.[204][205][206]

2018

  • 2018 – The Arizona state legislature passed a law that required the Arizona Health Department to apply for Title X funds as part of their attempts to defund Planned Parenthood.[207]
  • 2018 – An Alabama law is passed banning dilation & evacuation (D&E).[195] In August 2018, the Eleventh Circuit ruled the D&E legislation to be unconstitutional, blocking it from being enforced.[196]
  • 2018 – The Trump administration repealed guidance issued in 2016 by the Obama administration, which had informed states that ending Medicaid funding for Planned Parenthood or other healthcare providers that performed abortions might be against federal law. The Obama administration had contended that Medicaid law permitted states to ban providers from the program only if the providers could not perform covered services or bill for those services.[184]
  • 2018 – The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, which recognized "the unborn" as having a right to life equal to that of "the mother",[82] was repealed by referendum.[83]
  • 2018 – National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States addressing the constitutionality of California's FACT Act, which mandated that crisis pregnancy centers provide certain disclosures about state services. The law required that licensed centers post visible notices that other options for pregnancy, including abortion, are available from state-sponsored clinics. It also mandated that unlicensed centers post notice of their unlicensed status. The centers, typically run by Christian non-profit groups, challenged the act on the basis that it violated their free speech. After prior reviews in lower courts, the case was brought to the Supreme Court, asking "Whether the disclosures required by the California Reproductive FACT Act violate the protections set forth in the free speech clause of the First Amendment, applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment."[178] The Court ruled on June 26, 2018, in a 5–4 decision that the notices required by the FACT Act violate the First Amendment by targeting speakers rather than speech.[179]
  • 2018 – On May 4, governor Kim Reynolds signed into law a bill that would ban abortion in Iowa after a fetal heartbeat is detected, starting July 1, 2018.[208][209]

2019

  • 2019 – On January 1, a law came into force in Arizona that required women to provide detailed medical information that was to be submitted to the state before they were allowed to have an abortion. Among the information the law required abortion providers to collect was whether the abortion was elective or therapeutic, the number of abortions they have had in the past and information on any medical complications they have as a result of the abortion. This information is then collected by the Department of Health Services, which provides the state with an annual report on abortions, along with information on how abortions are paid for.[146]
  • 2019 – The Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 (Act No. 31 of 2018; previously Bill No. 105 of 2018) came into effect; it is an Act of the Oireachtas which defines the circumstances and processes within which abortion may be legally performed in Ireland. It permits terminations to be carried out up to 12 weeks of pregnancy; or where there is a risk to the life, or of serious harm to the health, of the pregnant woman; or where there is a risk to the life, or of serious harm to the health, of the pregnant woman in an emergency; or where there is a condition present which is likely to lead to the death of the fetus either before or within 28 days of birth.
  • 2018 – On May 4, governor Kim Reynolds signed into law a bill that would ban abortion in Iowa after a fetal heartbeat is detected, starting July 1, 2018.[208] On January 22, 2019, a county district judge declared the law to be in violation of Iowa's State Constitution and entered a permanent injunction prohibiting its enforcement.[209]
  • 2019 – The government of South Korea criminalized abortion in the 1953 Criminal Code in all circumstances. This law was later amended, but not repealed. However, the Constitutional Court on 11 April 2019 ruled the abortion law unconstitutional and ordered the law's revision by the end of 2020.[210]
  • 2019 – New York state passed the Reproductive Health Act (RHA), which repealed a pre-Roe v. Wade provision that banned third-trimester abortions except in cases where the continuation of the pregnancy endangered a pregnant woman's life.[211][212][213] The law said: "The legislature finds that comprehensive reproductive health care, including contraception and abortion, is a fundamental component of a woman's health, privacy, and equality."[213] The bill also allowed qualified health practitioners to perform abortions, not just licensed medical doctors.[213][214][215]
  • 2019 – Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. (Docket 18-483) was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the constitutionality of a 2016 anti-abortion law passed in the state of Indiana. Indiana's law sought to ban abortions performed solely on the basis of the fetus' gender, race, ethnicity, or disabilities. Lower courts had blocked enforcement of the law for violating a woman's right to abortion under privacy concerns within the Fourteenth Amendment, as previously found in the landmark cases Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. The lower courts also blocked enforcement of another portion of the law that required the disposal of aborted fetuses through burial or cremation. The per curiam decision by the Supreme Court overturned the injunction on the fetal disposal portion of the law, but otherwise did not challenge or confirm the lower courts' ruling on the non-discrimination clauses, leaving these in place.
  • 2019 – In the United States in June, the Trump administration was allowed by a federal court of appeals to implement, while legal appeals continue, a policy restricting taxpayer dollars given to family planning facilities through Title X. This policy requires that companies receiving Title X funding must not mention abortion to patients, provide abortion referrals, or share space with abortion providers.[216][217]
  • 2019 – A federal judge in the United States declared unconstitutional the Trump administration's "conscience rule" that would have allowed providers of health care to refuse to participate in sterilizations, abortions, or other types of care they disagreed with on moral or religious grounds.[218]
  • 2019 – The newly elected government in Argentina issued a protocol expanding access to abortion to include cases of rape.[219]
  • 2019 – The California State Senate passed Senate Bill 24, the College Student Right to Access Act. The Act requires public state universities to offer mifepristone, the abortion pill, to female students at zero cost by January 1, 2023; funding for the program will be paid for through insurance and private grants with $200,000 to each University of California and California State University health clinic for training and equipment. University clinics also have to set aside an additional $200,000 each to set up a student hotline to provide information to women seeking advice and assistance.[220] The bill was approved by both the California State Assembly and California State Senate as amended on September 13, 2019, was enacted by Governor Gavin Newsom on October 11, 2019, and went into effect on January 1, 2020.[221]
  • 2019 – Illinois passed bills, known as the Illinois Reproductive Health Act, that provided statutory protections for abortions, and rescinded previous legislation that banned some late-term abortions and a 45-year-old law that had made performing such abortions a criminal offense.[222][223][224] The Illinois Reproductive Health Act says that women have the "fundamental right" to access abortion services, and that a "fertilized egg, embryo, or fetus does not have independent rights".[225]
  • 2019 – The Indiana Legislature passed a ban on the most common type of second-trimester abortion procedure in the state in April.[226]
  • 2019 – In April, the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that the right to abortion is inherent within the state's constitution and bill of rights, such that even if Roe v. Wade was overturned and the federal protection of abortion rights was withdrawn, the right would still be allowed within Kansas, barring a change in the state constitution.[227]
  • 2019 – Prior to 2019, Kentucky law prohibited abortions after week 22. This changed when the state legislature passed a law that moved the prohibition to week 6 in the early part of the year.[228]
  • 2019 – An early pregnancy abortion bill was signed into law by Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant.[229]
  • 2019 – The Trust Nevada Women Act, SB 179, was signed into law by Democratic Governor Steve Sisolak. The new law made several changes to existing abortion laws in the state of Nevada, including decriminalizing the performing of abortion procedures, and removing informed consent laws that said doctors needed to tell women of the "emotional implications" of having an abortion and what women should do after the procedure to avoid post-op complications; the latter was changed to require doctors to "describe the nature and consequences of the procedure" of abortion to women getting abortions. The law also meant doctors no longer had to collect data about women getting abortions related to their marital status and age.[230][231]
  • 2019 – U.S. District Judge William Osteen formally struck down North Carolina's 'life of the mother only' 20-week abortion ban in 2019. His judgement pushed the date of which abortions could be performed to the date of viability, which is later for many women.[232][233]
  • 2019 – The Reproductive Privacy Act banned Rhode Island from restricting "an individual person from preventing, commencing, continuing, or terminating that individual's pregnancy prior to fetal viability" or after fetal viability "to preserve the health or life" of the pregnant individual. It also forbade state restrictions on contraceptives in Rhode Island, repealed bans on partial-birth abortions in Rhode Island, forbade medical professionals from being charged with felony assault for performing abortions in Rhode Island, and repealed requirements for abortion providers to notify a husband before giving his wife an abortion in Rhode Island.[234]
  • 2019 – Ohio Governor Mike DeWine signed the Human Rights and Heartbeat Protection Act, which bans abortion in the state after a fetal heartbeat is detectable. On June 24, 2022, after the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Roe v. Wade, judge Michael R. Barrett lifted a preliminary injunction that had blocked state officials from enforcing the law against certain abortion providers, allowing the Human Rights and Heartbeat Protection Act to take full effect.[235][236]
  • 2019 – The Utah legislature passed a bill limiting abortions after 18 weeks of pregnancy.[237]

2020s

2020

  • 2020 – Democratic Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed bills removing regulations that had required abortion seekers to have an ultrasound at least 24 hours before receiving an abortion and to get counseling on alternatives to abortion, removing the requirement that facilities providing more than five abortions each year be designated as hospitals, and allowing nurse practitioners to perform first trimester abortions.[238]
  • 2020 – In March 2020, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed an executive order to limit elective medical procedures, later confirming that all types of abortion services were included, except for those necessary in a medical emergency or to "prevent serious health risks" to the pregnant woman. However, on April 6, federal judge Charles Barnes Goodwin blocked the executive order, ruling that the state acted in an arbitrary, unreasonable, and oppressive way, which posed an undue burden on abortion access in Oklahoma.[239]
  • 2020 – On March 24, 2020, Governor Brad Little of Idaho signed into law S1385, which is a trigger law stating that if and when states are again allowed to ban abortion on their own authority then abortion would be illegal in Idaho except for cases of the life of the mother, rape or incest.[240][241][242]
  • 2020 – After the passage of the ROE Act in 2020, which codified abortion rights in the state of Massachusetts, abortions can be performed after 24 weeks in cases of fetal anomalies and risks to a patient's mental or physical health. The ROE Act also lowered the age patients can have abortions without parental consent from 18 to 16.[243]
  • 2020 – June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo (formerly June Medical Services, LLC v. Gee) (591 U.S. ___ (2020)) was a U.S. Supreme Court case which ruled that a Louisiana state law placing hospital-admission requirements on abortion clinics doctors, which had mirrored a Texas state law previously found unconstitutional under Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (579 U.S. ___ (2016)) (WWH), was also unconstitutional.
  • 2020 – A law was enacted in Mississippi banning abortions based on the sex, race, or genetic abnormality of the fetus.[244]
  • 2020 – The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of the United States tried to require employers to offer health-insurance plans that paid for contraceptives. The law specifically exempted churches, but not faith-based ministries. Due to that, religious non-profits like Little Sisters of the Poor were fined if they did not comply.[245] On October 6, 2017, Health & Human Services issued a new rule with an updated religious exemption that protected religious non-profits.[246] But federal judge Wendy Beetlestone issued an injunction temporarily stopping the enforcement of that exemption.[200][201] As well, following the new rule announcement, the state of Pennsylvania sued the federal government to take away the exemption.[247] Pennsylvania asked a judge to order that the Little Sisters of the Poor must comply with the federal mandate or pay tens of millions of dollars in fines.[248] The state alleged that the religious organization violated the Constitution, federal anti-discrimination law, and the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).[249] On July 8, 2020, in Little Sisters of the Poor v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against that and in favor of Little Sisters of the Poor.[249][250]
  • 2020 – Poland's constitutional court ruled that abortion due to fetal defects was unconstitutional.[251]
  • 2020 – Louisiana voters passed a measure to amend the state constitution to omit any language implying that a woman has a right to get an abortion or that any abortion that does occur should be funded.[252]
  • 2020 – Tennessee banned abortions because of a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome or because of the gender or race of the fetus.[253]
  • 2020 – In Argentina, abortion was legalized up to fourteen weeks of pregnancy on 30 December 2020.[254][255]
  • 2020 – A bill was signed into law in Ohio requiring all aborted fetal tissue to be cremated or buried.[256]

2021

  • 2021 – In January 2021, New Jersey governor Phil Murphy signed the Freedom of Reproductive Choice Act into law, preserving the legal right to obtain an abortion, fulfilling a reelection campaign promise.[257]
  • 2021 – A law went into effect in Indiana mandating an ultrasound 18 hours or more before an abortion is performed.[258]
  • 2021 – The Supreme Court of the United States reinstated federal rules mandating anyone having a medication abortion to acquire the pills for it from a medical provider in person.[259]
  • 2021 – President Biden rescinded the Mexico City policy.[260]
  • 2021 – Honduras added its abortion ban to its constitution, and set the number of votes required in order to change it at three-quarters of Congress.[87]
  • 2021 – In 2021 the city of Lebanon, Ohio, passed an ordinance whereby abortion at all stages of pregnancy was outlawed.[261]
  • 2021 – Mason, Ohio[262] banned abortion at all stages in 2021, but its ordinance doing so was repealed later that year.[263]
  • 2021 – In February 2021, South Carolina passed a law which would outlaw almost all abortions in that state after a fetal heartbeat is detected; however, that law was blocked by a judge in March 2021.[264]
  • 2021 – In fall 2021, the Illinois General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the Parental Notice of Abortion Act.[265] Governor Pritzker signed it into law on December 17, 2021.[266]
  • 2021 – South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem signed an executive order requiring in-person medical visits—not merely telehealth appointments—for the prescription of medication abortions.[267]

2022

  • 2022 – On 1 January 2022, a bill passed that required patients receiving abortion care at a health center in New Hampshire to have an ultrasound.[268]
  • 2022 – In February 2022, Colombia's highest court decriminalizes abortion in the first 24 weeks of the pregnancy.[269]
  • 2022 – In April 2022, Colorado passed the Reproductive Health Equity Act, which guarantees access to reproductive care and affirms the rights of pregnant women to continue or terminate a pregnancy. The act prohibits public entities from restricting or denying those rights.[270][271]
  • 2022 – On April 14, 2022, House Bill 3 was passed in Kentucky;[272] it banned all abortions in the state after 15 weeks post-conception and introduced a number of regulations and restrictions, including a prohibition on mailing abortion pills, new systems to certify, monitor and publicly name physicians who conduct abortion procedures, "dignified care for the terminated remains of pregnancy loss," and mandatory disclosure of patient information.[273] As the infrastructure was not in place for these new requirements, the two abortion clinics operating in Kentucky had to shut down, making abortion de facto illegal in the state. In response, abortion-rights activists sued the state to challenge the law, with Planned Parenthood and the ACLU stating that the law unconstitutionally bans abortion by introducing requirements that can't be followed or are too arduous to comply with and that it violates patient privacy protections; this led to the law being blocked in federal court later in 2022.[274][275]
  • 2022 – On June 17, 2022, the Iowa Supreme Court ruled that the state constitution does not protect the right to an abortion.[276] Justice Edward Mansfield wrote in the majority that "All we hold today is that the Iowa Constitution is not the source of a fundamental right to an abortion necessitating a strict scrutiny standard of review for regulations affecting that right".[276] The court's decision is a reversal of its 2018 ruling, where it found that the constitution protects the right to an abortion.[276]
  • 2022 – Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, No. 19-1392, 597 U.S. ___ (2022), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court, in which the Court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer any right to abortion, thus overruling both Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992).[277][278]
  • 2022 – The 2019 trigger law in Kentucky took effect after the ruling for Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization was delivered, which overturned Roe v. Wade. It made all abortions illegal in Kentucky except when medically mandatory to prevent the patient from dying or getting a "life-sustaining organ" permanently impaired. Both clinics in the state temporarily stopped providing abortions.[279][280]
  • 2022 – Jefferson County Circuit Judge Mitch Perry issued a temporary restraining order blocking enforcement of Kentucky's abortion-banning trigger law pending further hearings to determine if the ban violates the Kentucky Constitution. This order temporarily allows both of Kentucky's elective abortion providers, which are both located in Louisville, to temporarily resume elective abortions.[281]
  • 2022 – President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14076, which directs the Department of Health and Human Services to expand access to contraceptives, requests the Federal Trade Commission protect patients' reproductive health privacy, and directs the Department of Justice to organize a group of pro bono lawyers to defend women charged with having an abortion.[282][283]
  • 2022 – The Biden administration issued guidance stating that due to federal law, pharmacies are not allowed to turn away people who have a prescription for a drug that might end a pregnancy.[284]
  • 2022 – New regulations went into effect in Israel stating that those seeking abortions could send their requests online and would no longer be asked about their use of birth control. As well, under the new regulations they no longer have to meet with a social worker and may obtain a medication abortion (if medically possible) under the oversight of a community health clinic, rather than having to go to hospitals to receive the medication as they did previously.[285]
  • 2022 – In 2022, a legislative committee passed to the House floor in Louisiana a proposed law that would have potentially criminalized abortion seekers, as well as abortion providers, which was met with vehement opposition by both pro- and anti-abortion advocates and ultimately amended by the full House to remove criminal sanctions for abortion seekers, passed into law and signed by Governor John Bel Edwards (D).[286]
  • 2022 – The Abortion Care Access Act was enacted in Maryland; it allows a broader range of healthcare workers — nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, and physician assistants – to perform abortions and allocates $3.5 million to a new program within the Maryland Department of Health to train healthcare workers. Additionally, it requires the majority of health insurance plans, including private health insurance plans, to cover abortions cost free.[287]
  • 2022 – Oklahoma's abortion ban took effect on May 25, 2022, when Governor Kevin Stitt signed HB 4327 into law, and abortion providers ceased offering services in Oklahoma as of that date.[288][289] HB 4327 is modeled after the Texas Heartbeat Act and is enforced solely through civil lawsuits brought by private citizens, making it exceedingly difficult for abortion providers to challenge the constitutionality of the statute in court.[290][291] Oklahoma thus became the first state to ban abortion from the moment of fertilization since Roe v. Wade.[292]
  • 2022 – Wisconsin banned abortion immediately after the 2022 Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturning Roe v Wade, per a state law that automatically caused abortion to be banned if Roe v Wade was repealed.[293]
  • 2022 – On 24 June 2022, following the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt signed a proclamation bringing into effect the state's "trigger law", banning all non-medically necessary abortions.[294]
  • 2022 – According to HB136, which is effective Utah state law from June 28, 2022, abortions are banned following 18 weeks of gestation.[295]
  • 2022 – A law outlawing abortion in Mississippi took effect on July 7, 2022, after Mississippi State Attorney General Lynn Fitch on June 27 of that year certified the June 24, 2022 Supreme Court decision on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.[296]
  • 2022 – Due to the trigger law prohibiting abortion from the point of fertilization which was adopted on April 22, 2019, abortion became illegal from the point of conception in Tennessee on July 25, 2022, 30 days after the overturning of Roe v. Wade.[297]
  • 2022 – Wyoming's legislature passed HB92 in the 2022 legislative session, a trigger law meant to ban abortion soon after the overturn of Roe v. Wade except for cases of rape, incest (reported to law enforcement) and serious risk of death or "substantial and irreversible physical impairments" for the pregnant woman.[298] However, this law was blocked by 9th District Court Judge Melissa Owens the day it took effect (July 27, 2022).[299][300]
  • 2022 – Abortion in North Dakota has been mostly illegal since July 28, 2022[301][302] when the state's trigger law, following the United States' Supreme Court ruling to overturn Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, went into effect.[303] The trigger law bans all abortions except to save the life of the mother or in the case of rape or incest, reported to law enforcement.[304]
  • 2022 – A three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India in Civil Appeal No. 5802 of 2022 made a ruling on 29 September 2022.[305] The ruling defined "woman" as all persons who require access to safe abortion, along with cisgender women, thus including transpersons and other gender-diverse persons as well as cisgender women.[306] The Court remarked that medical practitioners should refrain from imposing extra-legal conditions on those seeking abortion, such as obtaining the consent of the abortion seeker's family, producing documentary proofs, or judicial authorization, and that only the abortion seeker's consent was material, unless she was a minor or mentally ill.[307] It also stated that "every pregnant woman has the intrinsic right to choose to undergo or not to undergo abortion without any consent or authorization from a third party"[308] and that a woman is the only and "ultimate decision-maker on the question of whether she wants to undergo an abortion."[309] On the topic of the difference between the gestation period considered legal for married and unmarried women—24 weeks for the former and 20 weeks for the latter—the Court ruled that the distinction was discriminatory, artificial, unsustainable and in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution of India,[310] and that "all women are entitled to the benefit of safe and legal abortion."[311] On the subject of pregnancies resulting from marital rape, the Court ruled that women can seek an abortion in the term of 20 to 24 weeks under the ambit of "survivors of sexual assault or rape".[312]
  • 2022 – In the city of Hobbs, New Mexico, a local ordinance was passed in November 2022 to prevent abortion clinics from operating.[313]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Closely held" corporations are defined by the Internal Revenue Service as those which a) have more than 50% of the value of their outstanding stock owned (directly or indirectly) by 5 or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of the tax year; and b) are not personal service corporations. By this definition, approximately 90% of U.S. corporations are "closely held", and approximately 52% of the U.S. workforce is employed by "closely held" corporations. See Blake, Aaron (30 June 2014). "A LOT of people could be affected by the Supreme Court's birth control decision – theoretically". The Washington Post.

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External links

  • (in Spanish) Los anticonceptivos en la Antigüedad Clásica

November 27, 2023
timeline, reproductive, rights, legislation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, examples, perspective, this, article, represent, worldwide, view, subject, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message This is a timeline of reproductive rights legislation a chronological list of laws and legal decisions affecting human reproductive rights Reproductive rights are a sub set of human rights 1 pertaining to issues of reproduction and reproductive health 2 These rights may include some or all of the following the right to legal or safe abortion the right to birth control the right to access quality reproductive healthcare and the right to education and access in order to make reproductive choices free from coercion discrimination and violence 3 Reproductive rights may also include the right to receive education about contraception and sexually transmitted infections and freedom from coerced sterilization abortion and contraception and protection from practices such as female genital mutilation FGM 1 2 3 Contents 1 17th century 19th century 2 20th century 2 1 1910s 2 2 1920s 2 3 1930s 2 4 1940s 2 5 1950s 2 6 1960s 2 7 1970s 2 8 1980s 2 9 1990s 3 21st century 3 1 2000s 3 2 2010s 3 2 1 2010 3 2 2 2011 3 2 3 2012 3 2 4 2013 3 2 5 2014 3 2 6 2015 3 2 7 2016 3 2 8 2017 3 2 9 2018 3 2 10 2019 3 3 2020s 3 3 1 2020 3 3 2 2021 3 3 3 2022 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links17th century 19th centuryEnd of 16th century In England Sir Edward Coke formulated the born alive rule in common law which holds that various criminal laws such as homicide and assault apply only to a child that is born alive 1765 In England post quickening abortion is no longer considered homicide in England but William Blackstone confirms the born alive rule and calls it a very heinous misdemeanor 4 5 1778 In Sweden the first Infanticide Act granted mothers the right and the means for an anonymous birth 1793 In the French First Republic Article 326 of the Code Civil legalized both anonymous and confidential births 1803 The United Kingdom enacted Lord Ellenborough s Act making abortion after quickening a capital crime and providing lesser penalties for the felony of abortion before quickening 6 7 1810 The 1810 Napoleonic Code of the First French Empire punished any person who procured an abortion with imprisonment 8 1821 A Connecticut law targeted apothecaries who sold poisons to women for the purpose of inducing an abortion 1827 An Illinois law prohibited the sale of drugs that could induce abortions 9 The law classed these medications as a poison 10 The 1827 law was the first in the nation to impose criminal penalties in connection with abortion before quickening 11 1827 In New York State the first statute to criminalize abortion was enacted which made post quickening abortions a felony and made pre quickening abortions a misdemeanor 11 12 1842 In Japan the Tokugawa shogunate banned induced abortion in Edo The law did not affect the rest of the country 13 1845 New York passed a statute that said women who had abortions could be given a prison sentence of three months to a year They were one of the few states at the time to have laws punishing women for procuring abortions 11 1849 In 1849 the Wisconsin state legislature passed a law that criminalized abortion making it a felony for a doctor to perform an abortion on a woman no matter the circumstances of her pregnancy including pregnancy as a result of rape or incest unless the pregnancy endangers the life of the mother 14 15 1854 Texas passed an abortion law that made performing an abortion except in the case of preserving the life of the mother a criminal offense punishable by two to five years in prison The law found in Articles 4512 1 to 4512 4 had a proviso that anyone who provided medication or other means to assist in performing an abortion was an accomplice who could also be charged 16 1856 In Sweden an amendment to the 1778 Infanticide Act restricted the right to give birth anonymously to a mere confidential birth 1867 Illinois passed a bill that made abortion and attempted abortion a criminal offense 17 9 1869 The Parliament of Canada unified criminal law in all provinces banning abortion 18 c 1870 Illinois passed another law banning the sale of drugs that could cause induced abortions The law is notable because it allowed an exception for the written prescription of some well known and respectable practicing physician 10 1872 New York state made it a penalty to perform an abortion with a criminal sentence of between 4 and 20 years in prison 11 1873 The passage of the Comstock Act in the United States makes it illegal to send any obscene lewd and or lascivious materials through the mail including contraceptive devices and information on contraception or abortion and how to obtain them see also advertisement of abortion services 19 1820 1900 In the United States primarily through the efforts of physicians in the American Medical Association and legislators most abortions were outlawed 20 20th century1910s 1918 In the United States Margaret Sanger was charged under the New York law against disseminating contraceptive information On appeal her conviction was reversed on the grounds that contraceptive devices could legally be promoted for the cure and prevention of disease 21 1920s 1920 In France a law forbidding all forms of contraception and information about it was enacted 1920 In the Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin legalized abortion on request the first country to do so 22 The law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR and then the rest of the country in 1922 23 1921 In the Ukrainian SSR the law legalizing abortion on request in the Soviet Union was introduced in July and then in the rest of the country 23 1930s 1931 In Mexico abortion was legalized in cases of rape 24 1932 In Michigan a law was passed that made abortion illegal 25 1932 Poland was the first country in Europe outside the Soviet Union to legalize abortion in cases of rape and threat to maternal health 26 1935 Iceland became the first Western country to legalize therapeutic abortion under limited circumstances 27 1935 Nazi Germany amended its eugenics law to promote abortion for women with hereditary disorders 28 The law allowed abortion if a woman gave her permission and if the fetus was not yet viable 29 30 31 and for purposes of so called racial hygiene 32 33 1935 In Ireland contraception was made illegal under the 1935 Criminal Law Amendment Act 34 1936 Joseph Stalin reversed most parts of Lenin s legalization of abortion in the Soviet Union to increase population growth 35 1936 A US federal appeals court ruled in United States v One Package of Japanese Pessaries that the federal government could not interfere with doctors providing contraception to their patients 21 1936 The Government of Catalonia legalised free abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy 36 37 38 1938 In Britain Dr Aleck Bourne aborted the pregnancy of a young girl who had been raped by British soldiers Bourne was acquitted after turning himself in to authorities The legal precedent of allowing abortion in order to avoid mental or physical damage was adopted by other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations 1938 In Sweden abortion was legalized on a limited basis 1939 The Penal Code of France was altered to permit an abortion that would save the pregnant woman s life 8 1940s 1948 The Eugenic Protection Act in Japan expanded the circumstances in which abortion is allowed 39 1950s 1955 The government of South Korea criminalized abortion in the 1953 Criminal Code in all circumstances 1955 In the Soviet Union abortion was legalized again 35 1959 The American Law Institute ALI in the United States drafted a model state abortion law to make legal abortions accessible 1960s 1964 In Norway the first law to legalize abortion was passed It allowed abortion in cases of danger to the mother and the abortion decision was made by two doctors 1965 Griswold v Connecticut 381 U S 479 1965 was a landmark decision of the U S Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of married couples to buy and use contraceptives without government restriction 40 The case involved a Connecticut Comstock law that prohibited any person from using any drug medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception The court held that the statute was unconstitutional and that its effect was to deny disadvantaged citizens access to medical assistance and up to date information in respect to proper methods of birth control By a vote of 7 2 the Supreme Court invalidated the law on the grounds that it violated the right to marital privacy establishing the basis for the right to privacy with respect to intimate practices This and other cases view the right to privacy as protected from governmental intrusion 41 1965 The New York State Legislature amended their abortion related statute to allow for more therapeutic exceptions 11 1966 In Romania the Ceausescu regime enacted Decree 770 which banned all abortion in Romania and contraception except in very limited cases in an attempt to boost the country s population 42 1966 The Mississippi legislature made abortion legal in cases of rape 43 1967 In France the Neuwirth Law lifted the ban on birth control methods including oral contraception on 28 December 1967 1967 The UK Abortion Act effective 1968 legalized abortion in the United Kingdom under certain grounds except in Northern Ireland 1967 Colorado became the first state to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape incest or in which pregnancy would lead to permanent physical disability of the woman Similar laws were passed in both California and North Carolina 1968 The US states of Georgia and Maryland reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code 1968 In the United States President Lyndon B Johnson s Committee on The Status of Women released a report calling for a repeal of all abortion laws 1969 Arkansas Delaware Kansas and New Mexico reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code 1969 The New Mexico legislature passed a law that made it a felony for anyone to provide a woman with an abortion unless it was needed to save her life or because her pregnancy was a result of rape or incest 44 1969 Canada passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1968 69 which began to allow abortion for selective reasons 1969 The ruling in the Victorian case of R v Davidson defined for the first time which abortions were lawful in Australia 45 1969 Singapore passed The Abortion Act 1969 effective 1970 which legalised abortion in Singapore It was then replaced by the Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974 This allowed all women to abort a fetus on request before 24 weeks of the pregnancy had passed unless the treatment is immediately necessary to save the life or to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman 1969 The California Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion rights after hearing an appeal launched by Dr Leon Belous who had been convicted of referring a woman to someone who could provide her with an illegal abortion 46 California s abortion law was declared unconstitutional in People v Belous because it was vague and denied people due process 47 1970s 1970 Hawaii New York Alaska and Washington repealed their abortion laws Hawaii became the first state to legalize abortions on the request of the woman 48 New York repealed its 1830 law and Washington held a referendum on legalizing early pregnancy abortions becoming the first state to legalize abortion through a vote of the people 49 1970 South Carolina and Virginia reformed their abortion laws based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code 1970 The New York Senate passed a law decriminalizing abortion in most cases 50 Republican Governor Nelson A Rockefeller signed the bill into law the next day 51 The 1970 law did several things First it added a consent provision requiring a physician to obtain the woman s consent before performing an abortion 52 Second it permitted physician provided elective abortion services within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy or to preserve the woman s life 52 Third it permitted a woman when acting upon the advice of a duly licensed physician to perform an abortional act on herself within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy or to preserve her life 52 1970 Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970 Pub L Tooltip Public Law United States 91 572 which established the Public Health Service Title X program in the United States provided family planning services for those in need 53 54 1970 The U S Congress removed references to contraception from federal anti obscenity laws 55 1971 In a 1971 case Trust Territory v Tarkong 56 the Appellate Court of the Trust Territory see also United States territorial court held As far as the woman herself is concerned unless the abortion statute expressly makes her responsible it is generally held although the statute reads any person that she is not liable to any criminal prosecution whether she solicits the act or performs it upon herself 57 1971 Alaska repealed its statute that said inducing an abortion was a criminal offense 58 1971 The Parliament of India under the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi passes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 MTP Act 1971 which was authored by Sripati Chandrasekhar 59 60 India thus became one of the earliest nations to pass such an act 61 1972 The Vermont Supreme Court made a ruling that effectively ended abortion restrictions in the state 62 1972 Florida reformed its abortion law based on the American Law Institute Model Penal Code 1972 The U S Supreme Court in Eisenstadt v Baird extended Griswold v Connecticut birth control rights to unmarried couples 1972 In Abele v Markle 351 F Supp 224 D Conn 1972 it was ruled that a Connecticut statute prohibiting abortions except to save the life of the mother was unconstitutional 1973 The U S Church Amendment of 1973 prohibits hospitals receiving federal funds from discriminating against a doctor on the basis of whether the doctor provides abortions or sterilizations 63 1973 The U S Supreme Court in Roe v Wade declared all individual state bans on abortion during the first trimester to be unconstitutional allowed states to regulate but not proscribe abortion during the second trimester and allowed states to proscribe abortion during the third trimester unless an abortion is in the best interest of the woman s physical or mental health The Court legalized abortion in all trimesters when a woman s doctor believes the abortion is necessary for her physical or mental health and held that only a compelling state interest justified regulations limiting the individual right to privacy 1973 Doe v Bolton 410 U S 179 1973 was a decision of the United States Supreme Court overturning the abortion law of Georgia The Supreme Court s decision was released on January 22 1973 the same day as the decision in the better known case of Roe v Wade 410 U S 113 1973 Doe v Bolton challenged Georgia s much more liberal abortion statute 1973 Denmark granted its permanent residents the right to legal abortion up to the end of the 12th week of pregnancy 64 1973 In South Korea the abortion law was amended by the Maternal and Child Health Law of 1973 which permitted a physician to perform an abortion if the pregnant woman or her spouse suffered from certain hereditary or communicable diseases if the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest or if continuing the pregnancy would jeopardize the woman s health Any physician who violated the law was punished with two years imprisonment Self induced abortions were illegal and punishable by a fine or imprisonment 65 66 1974 In Ireland McGee v The Attorney General 1974 IR 284 was a case in the Irish Supreme Court in 1974 that referenced Article 41 of the Irish Constitution 67 68 It concerned Mary McGee whose condition was such that she was advised by her physician that if she would become pregnant again her life would be endangered She was then instructed to use a diaphragm and spermicidal jelly that was prescribed to her 69 However Section 17 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1935 prohibited her from acquiring the prescription The Supreme Court ruled by a 4 to 1 majority in favor of her after determining that married couples have the constitutional right to make private decisions on family planning 69 1974 Emergency legislation was passed by the House of Lords to allow medical staff stationed at Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus to perform emergency abortions for raped women and girls following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus 70 1974 Kentucky adopted a law preventing public hospitals from performing abortion procedures except to protect the life of the mother 71 1975 1980 France 1975 West Germany 1976 New Zealand 1977 Italy 1978 and the Netherlands 1980 legalized abortion on demand in the first trimester In France no elective abortions were allowed for non medical reasons after 10 12 weeks of gestation 1975 The 79th General Assembly enacted the Illinois Abortion Law which included a trigger law providing that if Roe v Wade were overturned or repealed the former policy of this State to prohibit abortions unless necessary for the preservation of the mother s life shall be reinstated 72 1975 On February 19 1975 the Texas Supreme Court ruled in the case Jacobs v Theimer that a woman could sue her doctor for wrongful birth 73 74 75 That case involved Dortha Jean Jacobs later Dortha Biggs who caught rubella while pregnant and gave birth to Lesli who was severely disabled 75 73 Dortha and her husband sued her doctor saying he did not diagnose the rubella or warn them how it would affect the pregnancy 75 1976 1977 Representative Henry Hyde of Illinois sponsored the Hyde Amendment which passed and allowed U S states to prohibit the use of Medicaid funding for abortions 1978 The US federal Pregnancy Discrimination Act was passed prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy childbirth or related medical conditions 76 1978 In the spring of 1978 the law on free access to abortion in Norway was passed 1978 Akron Ohio passed a city ordinance that restricted abortion rights 43 1979 The People s Republic of China enacted a one child policy to alleviate social economic and environmental problems 77 encouraging couples to have no more than one child and in some cases imposing penalties for violating the policy 1979 The Ireland Health Family Planning Act 1979 allowed the sale of contraceptives upon presentation of a prescription 1979 A court found a Missouri law requiring women past their first trimester to have their abortions performed in a hospital unconstitutional 78 1980s 1980 In 1974 Kentucky adopted a law preventing public hospitals from performing abortion procedures except to protect the life of the mother 71 The law was later ruled unconstitutional by the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals The state legislature passed a new version of the law in 1980 71 1980 In William v Zbaraz the United States Supreme Court upheld that states could constitutionally make their own versions of the anti abortion Hyde Amendment and that states the federal government have no statutory or constitutional obligation to fund medically necessary abortions 1981 In Italy a proposal promoted by the Catholic Church to repeal the 1978 abortion law was rejected by 68 of the voters in a referendum 1982 The Pennsylvania government passed the Abortion Control Act The law required women seeking abortions to wait 24 hours before getting an abortion It also required the informed consent of parents for minors seeking abortions and the informed consent of husbands for married women seeking abortions 79 80 1982 In France the government passes a bill that includes abortions under the French social security system 81 1983 The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed recognizing the unborn as having a right to life equal to that of the mother 82 83 1983 The illegal abortion conviction of a Wayne County Kentucky man put the issue of abortion before the Kentucky Supreme Court 84 The court ruled that a seven month old fetus killed by the man during an attack on his wife could not be defined as a person under the Model Penal Code 84 1984 In July the California Courts of Appeal overturned Superior Court of Los Angeles County judge Eli Chernow ruling that fetuses could not be buried as human remains in the Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal 1985 The Wisconsin law Wisconsin Stat 940 15 enacted in 1985 made abortion a crime only after viability and allowed abortion after viability if the abortion is necessary to preserve the life or health of the woman as determined by reasonable medical judgment of the woman s attending physician 85 1985 Article 12 s May 1986 supplement to the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Constitution stipulated that the abortion of the unborn child during the mother s pregnancy is prohibited by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands except as provided by law The measure was adopted in 1985 16 1985 A directive from the American Samoa Attorney General stated that elective abortions were unconstitutional and such procedures could not occur at public hospitals 16 86 1985 In Honduras abortion became completely illegal 87 1985 In Ireland the Health Family Planning Amendment Act 1985 allowed the sale of condoms and spermicides to people over 18 without having to present a prescription 1985 The British Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 made female genital mutilation a crime throughout the UK The Act was replaced by the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Scotland Act 2005 respectively both of which extended the legislation to cover acts committed by UK nationals outside the UK s borders 1986 American Samoa s legal code section 46 3904 established that no physician or hospital employee can be compelled to participate in an abortion procedure if doing so goes against their conscience and that such refusals are immune to criminal administrative or disciplinary action 16 86 Other legal code sections declared that the only people who can legally perform legal abortions are licensed American Samoan physicians 16 86 Legal code sections 46 3902 and 46 3903 made any attempt to terminate a pregnancy except in the case of saving the physical or mental health of the mother a crime 16 86 88 1986 The Kentucky General Assembly passed legislation requiring parental consent for minors seeking abortions 89 The law required the consent of only the custodial parent if the parents did not live together and also allowed the minor to petition a district or circuit court for permission 90 1988 France legalized the abortion pill mifepristone RU 486 1988 In R v Morgentaler the Supreme Court of Canada struck down an abortion regulation which allowed abortions in some circumstances but required approval of a committee of doctors for violating a woman s constitutional security of person Canadian law has not regulated abortion since 1989 Webster v Reproductive Health Services in the United States reinforced states rights to prevent publicly funded facilities from providing or assisting with abortion services 1990s 1990 The Legislature of Guam enacted a law prohibiting abortion in all cases except when there was substantial risk to the woman s life or continuing the pregnancy would gravely impair her health 16 91 This law was challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union and struck down by the ninth circuit court of Guam in a case called Guam Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists v Ada in 1997 16 92 93 1990 Nevada voters approved Question 7 to affirm a statute Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 442 section 250 permitting abortion up to 24 weeks gestation by 63 5 of the vote 94 With the affirmation the Nevada Legislature may not in any way alter that statute unless it is first repealed by the state s voters in a direct vote 95 1990 The Abortion Act in the UK was amended so that abortion is legal only up to 24 weeks rather than 28 except in unusual cases 1992 In Planned Parenthood v Casey the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the trimester framework in Roe v Wade making it legal for states to proscribe abortion after the point of fetal viability excepting instances that would risk the woman s health 1992 The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit freedom of travel in and out of the state 1992 The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit the right to distribute information about services in foreign countries 1992 In Ireland Attorney General v X the X Case 1992 IESC 1 1992 1 IR 1 was a landmark Irish Supreme Court case which established the right of Irish women to an abortion if a pregnant woman s life was at risk because of pregnancy including the risk of suicide Following his retirement Supreme Court Justice Hugh O Flaherty said that the X Case was peculiar to its own particular facts since X miscarried and did not have an abortion and this renders the case moot in Irish law 96 See below events in 2012 2013 1993 Maine passed abortion related legislation that said women have the right to terminate a pregnancy before viability 97 98 1993 In Ireland the Health Family Planning Amendment Act 1992 allowed the sale of contraceptives without a prescription 1993 Poland banned abortion except in cases of rape incest severe congenital disorders or threat to the life of the pregnant woman 1993 R v Morgentaler 99 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada invalidating a provincial attempt to regulate abortion in Canada In the decision the provincial regulations were ruled to be a criminal law and in violation of the Constitution Act 1867 which assigns criminal law exclusively to the Parliament of Canada 1994 Madsen v Women s Health Center Inc 512 U S 753 1994 was a United States Supreme Court case where petitioners challenged the constitutionality of an injunction entered by a Florida state court prohibiting anti abortion protesters from demonstrating in certain places and in various ways outside a health clinic that performs abortions 100 The Madsen majority sustained the constitutionality of the Clinic s thirty six foot buffer zone and the noise level provision finding that they burdened no more speech than necessary to serve the injunction s goals However the Court struck down the thirty six foot buffer zone as applied to the private property north and west of the clinic the images observable provision the three hundred foot no approach zone around the clinic and the three hundred foot buffer zone around residences The Court found that these provisions swept more broadly than necessary to protect the state s interests Thus the judgment of the Florida Supreme Court was affirmed in part and reversed in part 101 1994 The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act was passed by the United States Congress forbidding the use of force or obstruction to prevent someone from providing or receiving reproductive health services 1995 The Attorney General announces that constitutionally women have a legal right to an abortion in the Northern Mariana Islands 102 1995 The 89th Illinois General Assembly enacted the Parental Notice of Abortion Act a parental notification law The Act required physicians to give 48 hours notice to the parent grandparent or guardian of a minor seeking an abortion 103 However the law was enjoined by the courts for more than two decades 104 1997 A Louisiana law created a civil cause of action for abortion related damages including damage to the unborn for up to ten years after the abortion The same law also barred the state s Patient s Compensation Fund which limits malpractice liability for participating physicians from insuring against abortion related claims 105 106 1997 In 1990 the Legislature of Guam enacted a law prohibiting abortion in all cases except when there was substantial risk to the woman s life or continuing the pregnancy would gravely impair her health 16 91 This law was challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union and struck down by the Ninth Circuit Court of Guam in 1997 in Guam Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists v Ada 16 92 93 1997 New Hampshire Governor Jeanne Shaheen signed legislation that repealed most of the abortion restrictions in place in the state 107 1997 The Kansas legislature passed the Woman s Right to Know Act which required except in the case of a medical emergency a 24 hour period between the time that the woman is informed in writing of legally required information and the abortion 108 1997 In South Africa the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 1996 came into effect allowing elective abortion care The Abortion and Sterilization Act 1975 which only allowed abortions in very limited circumstances was repealed 1997 Honduras established a penalty from three to six years in prison for women who obtain an abortion and for medical staff who are involved in the process 109 1997 The Montana Legislature passed a law that said only physicians could perform abortions Following a lawsuit the law was changed to allow nurse practitioners to perform abortions 110 1998 In Christian Lawyers Association and Others v Minister of Health and Others the Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa upheld the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act holding that the Constitution of South Africa does not forbid abortions 111 1998 In Portugal the legalization of abortion until 10 weeks of pregnancy is rejected by voters in a referendum A second referendum was eventually held nine years later in which voters approved the legalization of abortion with the same time restrictions 1998 The Kentucky General Assembly passed legislation requiring clinics to have an Abortion Clinic License if they wanted to operate Part of this was a requirement for a transfer agreement between the clinic and a hospital and ambulance 112 1999 In the United States Congress passed a ban on intact dilation and extraction which President Bill Clinton vetoed 21st century2000s 2000 In Stenberg v Carhart the Supreme Court of the United States overturned a Nebraska state law that banned intact dilation and extraction 2000 The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964 113 2001 The ten week limit on abortion in France was extended to the twelfth week 114 2001 Minors are no longer required to have parental consent for abortion in France A pregnant girl in France under the age of 18 may ask for an abortion without consulting her parents if she is accompanied to the clinic by an adult of her choice who must not tell her parents or any third party about the abortion 115 116 117 2002 The California State Legislature passed a law that said The state may not deny or interfere with a woman s right to choose or obtain an abortion prior to viability of the fetus or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman 118 119 2003 In June 2003 the New Hampshire Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors was narrowly passed by the New Hampshire General Court 120 This law was repealed in 2007 121 2003 The U S enacted the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act and President George W Bush signed it into law After the law was challenged in three appeals courts the U S Supreme Court held that it was constitutional because unlike the earlier Nebraska state law it was not vague or overly broad The court also held that banning the procedure did not constitute an undue burden even without a health exception see also Gonzales v Carhart 2003 Scheidler v National Organization for Women 537 U S 393 2003 was a United States Supreme Court case involving whether abortion providers could receive damages from protesters under the RICO Act 122 The National Organization for Women NOW obtained class status for women seeking the use of women s health clinics and began its court battle against Joseph Scheidler and PLAN et al in 1986 In this particular case the court s opinion was that extortion did not apply to the defendants actions because they did not obtain any property from the respondents NOW and the class of women 2003 The Indiana Supreme Court recognized the medical malpractice tort of wrongful pregnancy when a woman became pregnant after a failed sterilization procedure The court decided that the damages may include the cost of the pregnancy but may not include the ordinary cost of raising the child as the benefits of rearing the child could not be calculated 123 2005 The U S Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 implemented in January 2007 prevented college health centers and many health care providers from participating in the drug pricing discount program which formerly allowed contraceptives to be sold at a low cost to students and women of low income in the United States 2005 South Dakota s legislature passed five laws curtailing the legality of abortion in 2005 124 2006 Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana signed into law a ban on most forms of abortion unless the life of the mother was in danger or her health would be permanently damaged once it passed the Louisiana State Legislature The bill would only go into effect if the United States Supreme Court reversed Roe v Wade Louisiana s measure would allow the prosecution of any person who performed or aided in an abortion The penalties include up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of 100 000 125 2007 The New Hampshire Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors was repealed 120 121 2007 The Parliament of Portugal voted to legalize abortion during the first ten weeks of pregnancy This followed a referendum that while revealing that a majority of Portuguese voters favored the legalization of early stage abortions failed due to low voter turnout 126 A second referendum passed however and President Anibal Cavaco Silva signed the measure into effect in April 2007 127 128 2007 The government of Mexico City legalized abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and offered free abortions On 28 August 2008 the Mexican Supreme Court upheld the law 129 2007 The U S Supreme Court upholds the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 130 2007 The Massachusetts legislature passed a law that established a 35 foot buffer zone around abortion clinics 131 The law was struck down in 2014 131 2008 The Australian state of Victoria passed a bill decriminalizing abortion making it legally accessible to women in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy 132 2009 In Spain a bill decriminalized abortion making it legally accessible to women in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy 133 2010s 2010 2010 Nebraska became the first state to use the disputed notion of fetal pain as a rationale to ban abortion after 20 weeks 134 2010 In Chile the Morning After Pill Law came into force setting rules on information advice and services relating to fertility regulation and allowing the free distribution of oral contraceptives in public clinics 135 2011 2011 A New Hampshire parental notification law regarding abortion was passed again in 2011 after the Republican controlled House and Senate overrode Democratic Governor John Lynch s veto 136 2011 The U S Department of Health and Human Services established the policy effective 2012 that all private insurance plans are required to provide contraceptive coverage to women without a co pay or deductible 137 138 2012 2012 In Planned Parenthood v Rounds the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit ruled that a South Dakota law requiring that doctors give patients information about the potential suicide risk in women who have abortions was not unconstitutional 139 2012 In Guam the Woman s Reproductive Health Information Act was passed creating new restrictions for abortion provision including a 13 week gestational age limit a physician only requirement and a 24 hour mandatory waiting period 140 141 2012 An early pregnancy abortion bill SB 1274 was signed into law by then Oklahoma governor Mary Fallin The law required abortion providers to ask women if they wanted to hear the fetal heartbeat before ending the pregnancy and applied when the fetus was at least eight weeks old 142 2012 New Hampshire passed a law requiring minors to wait 48 hours after requesting an abortion but no longer requiring parental consent 107 143 144 2012 The Mississippi State Legislature passed a law requiring abortion clinics to have doctors on staff with hospital admitting privileges 145 2012 Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signed into law in April 2012 abortion restrictions that prohibited the procedure after 20 weeks 146 147 The U S Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned this law in January 2015 but it remains on the books 146 147 148 2012 In the Philippines the Congress of the Philippines passed the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 which guarantees universal access to contraception fertility control and maternal care The bill also mandates the teaching of sexual education in schools 149 150 2012 Uruguay legalized abortion in the first trimester making it legally accessible to women 151 2013 2013 A Wisconsin law Act 37 was passed requiring abortion providers to have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital 63 152 2013 Ohio passed a Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers TRAP bill containing provisions related to admitting privileges and licensing and requiring clinics to have a transfer agreement with a hospital 153 2013 A law was signed in Ohio by Governor John Kasich which mandates among other things that doctors who do not test for a fetal heartbeat when a patient seeks an abortion tell the patient in writing if there is a heartbeat and then tell them the statistical likelihood that the fetus could be carried to term are subject to criminal penalties specifically The doctor s failure to do so would be a first degree misdemeanor carrying up to six months in jail for the first violation and a fourth degree felony carrying up to 18 months in jail for subsequent violations 154 2013 United States Kansas lawmakers approved sweeping anti abortion legislation HB 2253 on April 6 2013 that says life begins at fertilization forbids abortion based on gender and bans Planned Parenthood from providing sex education in schools 155 2013 A bill banning abortion after twelve weeks was passed on January 31 2013 by the Arkansas Senate 156 157 but vetoed in Arkansas by Governor Mike Beebe On March 6 2013 his veto was overridden by the Arkansas House of Representatives 157 158 A federal judge issued a temporary injunction against the Arkansas law in May 2013 159 and in March 2014 it was struck down by federal judge Susan Webber Wright who described the law as unconstitutional 160 2014 2014 Louisiana passed a law that appeared to require it to maintain a database of women who had abortions in the state and the type of abortion the woman had 161 2014 Act 620 passed in Louisiana Modeled after a law passed earlier in Texas it required that any doctor performing abortions also have admittance privileges at an authorized hospital within a 30 mile radius of the abortion clinic among other new requirements At the time the law was passed only one doctor had these privileges effectively leaving only one legal abortion clinic in the state 162 2014 Burwell v Hobby Lobby 573 U S 2014 was a landmark decision 163 164 by the United States Supreme Court allowing closely held for profit corporations to be exempt from laws its owners religiously object to if there is a less restrictive means of furthering the law s interest It is the first time that the court has recognized a for profit corporation s claim of religious belief 165 but it is limited to closely held corporations a The decision is an interpretation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act RFRA and does not address whether such corporations are protected by the free exercise of religion clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution For such companies the Court s majority directly struck down the contraceptive mandate a regulation adopted by the US Department of Health and Human Services HHS under the Affordable Care Act ACA requiring employers to cover certain contraceptives for their female employees by a 5 4 vote 166 The court said that the mandate was not the least restrictive way to ensure access to contraceptive care noting that a less restrictive alternative was being provided for religious non profits until the Court issued an injunction three days later effectively ending said alternative replacing it with a government sponsored alternative for any female employees of closely held corporations that do not wish to provide birth control 167 2014 McCullen v Coakley 573 U S 2014 was a United States Supreme Court case The Court unanimously held that Massachusetts 35 feet fixed abortion buffer zones established via amendments to that state s Reproductive Health Care Facilities Act violated the First Amendment to the U S Constitution because it limited free speech too broadly 2014 A bill banning abortion after twelve weeks that was passed by the Arkansas Senate in 2013 was struck down by federal judge Susan Webber Wright who described the law as unconstitutional 160 2014 The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Irish An tAcht um Chosaint na Beatha le linn Toirchis 2013 was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D Higgins the President of Ireland it commenced on 1 January 2014 168 169 170 The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 171 Act No 35 of 2013 171 previously Bill No 66 of 2013 172 is an Act of the Oireachtas which defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed The Act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution of Ireland as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment Attorney General v X the X case That judgment see above events in 1992 allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman s life including through a risk of suicide 2015 2015 In 2015 the 7th U S Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a decision to strike down the admitting privileges requirement of Wisconsin s Act 37 passed in 2013 173 2015 Until 2015 the law in France imposed a seven day cool off period between the patient s first request for an abortion and a written statement confirming her decision the delay could be reduced to two days if the patient was getting close to 12 weeks That mandatory waiting period was abolished on 9 April 2015 174 2015 Tennessee established a required 48 hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion 175 2015 Kansas became the first state in the United States to ban the dilation and evacuation procedure 176 The law was later struck down by the Kansas Court of Appeals in January 2016 without ever having gone into effect 177 2015 Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signed into law in April 2012 abortion restrictions that prohibited the procedure after 20 weeks 146 147 The U S Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned this law in January 2015 146 147 148 2015 California s FACT Act which mandated that crisis pregnancy centers provide certain disclosures about state services was passed The law required that licensed centers post visible notices that other options for pregnancy including abortion are available from state sponsored clinics It also mandated that unlicensed centers post notice of their unlicensed status The centers typically run by Christian non profit groups challenged the act on the basis that it violated their free speech After prior reviews in lower courts the case was brought to the Supreme Court asking Whether the disclosures required by the California Reproductive FACT Act violate the protections set forth in the free speech clause of the First Amendment applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment 178 The Court ruled on June 26 2018 in a 5 4 decision that the notices required by the FACT Act violate the First Amendment by targeting speakers rather than speech 179 2016 2016 The FACT Act of New York state made patients aware of state sponsored services that are available at crisis pregnancy centers rather than what crisis pregnancy centers did or did not offer 180 The law went into effect January 1 2016 181 2016 South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley signed legislation that brought into effect a 20 week abortion ban 182 2016 Whole Woman s Health v Hellerstedt 579 U S 2016 was a United States Supreme Court case decided on June 27 2016 when the Court ruled 5 3 that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion It has been called the most significant abortion rights case before the Supreme Court since Planned Parenthood v Casey in 1992 183 2016 The Obama administration issued guidance informing states that ending Medicaid funding for Planned Parenthood or other healthcare providers that performed abortions might be against federal law The administration contended that Medicaid law permitted states to ban providers from the program only if the providers could not perform covered services or bill for those services The Trump administration repealed this guidance in 2018 184 2016 Zubik v Burwell was a case before the United States Supreme Court on whether religious institutions other than churches should be exempt from the contraceptive mandate a regulation adopted by the US Department of Health and Human Services HHS under the Affordable Care Act ACA that requires non church employers to cover certain contraceptives for their female employees Churches are already exempt under those regulations 185 On May 16 2016 the U S Supreme Court issued a per curiam ruling in Zubik v Burwell that vacated the decisions of the Circuit Courts of Appeals and remanded the case to the respective United States Courts of Appeals for the Third Fifth Tenth and D C Circuits for reconsideration in light of the positions asserted by the parties in their supplemental briefs 186 Because the Petitioners agreed that their religious exercise is not infringed where they need to do nothing more than contract for a plan that does not include coverage for some or all forms of contraception the Court held that the parties should be given an opportunity to clarify and refine how this approach would work in practice and to resolve any outstanding issues 187 The Supreme Court expressed no view on the merits of the cases 188 In a concurring opinion Justice Sotomayor joined by Justice Ginsburg noted that in earlier cases some lower courts have ignored those instructions and cautioned lower courts not to read any signals in the Supreme Court s actions in this case 189 2016 In June the Women s Rights Foundation in Malta filed a judicial protest requesting access to emergency contraception 190 191 In early October a joint parliamentary committee recommended that oral contraceptives should be sold with a prescription but that the decision was up to the Malta Medicines Authority 192 On 17 October the Malta Medicines Authority approved the sale of emergency contraception without a prescription in all pharmacies in Malta and Gozo basing its decision to make it available without a prescription on ensuring efficacy of treatment In December 2016 emergency contraception was available for sale in pharmacies across the Maltese islands 193 194 2016 An Alabama law is passed banning dilation amp evacuation D amp E 195 In August 2018 the Eleventh Circuit ruled the D amp E legislation to be unconstitutional blocking it from being enforced 196 2017 2017 A law passed by the Wyoming state legislature went into effect that prohibited the sale of fetal tissue 145 2017 A law went into effect in Wyoming that required abortion service providers to give women seeking abortions an ultrasound but it had no enforcement component 145 2017 The Mexico City Policy which blocks U S federal funding for non governmental organizations that provide abortion counseling or referrals was reinstated by President Donald Trump 197 Trump expanded the policy making it cover all global health organizations that receive U S government funding rather than only family planning organizations that do as was previously the case 198 2017 In Poland a law is passed restricting emergency contraception by changing it from an over the counter drug to a prescription drug requiring a visit to a doctor 199 2017 The Trump administration of the United States issued a ruling allowing insurers and employers to refuse to provide birth control if doing so went against their religious beliefs or moral convictions 200 2017 U S Federal judge Wendy Beetlestone issued an injunction temporarily stopping the enforcement of the Trump administration rule allowing insurers and employers to refuse to provide birth control if doing so went against their religious beliefs or moral convictions 200 201 2017 The state legislature updated Delaware s legal code around abortion It was changed to read the termination of a pregnancy prior to viability to protect the life or health of the mother or in the event of serious fetal anomaly 97 202 2017 The 100th Illinois General Assembly repealed the trigger law component of the Illinois Abortion Law of 1975 but left many of its other provisions intact In the same act the General Assembly provided for abortion to be covered under Medicaid and state employee health insurance The bill was signed into law by pro choice Republican governor Bruce Rauner 203 2017 The Reproductive Health Equity Act was passed which required health insurance in Oregon to offer abortion coverage and to absorb most of the costs for the procedure instead of passing them along to women 204 205 206 2018 2018 The Arizona state legislature passed a law that required the Arizona Health Department to apply for Title X funds as part of their attempts to defund Planned Parenthood 207 2018 An Alabama law is passed banning dilation amp evacuation D amp E 195 In August 2018 the Eleventh Circuit ruled the D amp E legislation to be unconstitutional blocking it from being enforced 196 2018 The Trump administration repealed guidance issued in 2016 by the Obama administration which had informed states that ending Medicaid funding for Planned Parenthood or other healthcare providers that performed abortions might be against federal law The Obama administration had contended that Medicaid law permitted states to ban providers from the program only if the providers could not perform covered services or bill for those services 184 2018 The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which recognized the unborn as having a right to life equal to that of the mother 82 was repealed by referendum 83 2018 National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v Becerra was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States addressing the constitutionality of California s FACT Act which mandated that crisis pregnancy centers provide certain disclosures about state services The law required that licensed centers post visible notices that other options for pregnancy including abortion are available from state sponsored clinics It also mandated that unlicensed centers post notice of their unlicensed status The centers typically run by Christian non profit groups challenged the act on the basis that it violated their free speech After prior reviews in lower courts the case was brought to the Supreme Court asking Whether the disclosures required by the California Reproductive FACT Act violate the protections set forth in the free speech clause of the First Amendment applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment 178 The Court ruled on June 26 2018 in a 5 4 decision that the notices required by the FACT Act violate the First Amendment by targeting speakers rather than speech 179 2018 On May 4 governor Kim Reynolds signed into law a bill that would ban abortion in Iowa after a fetal heartbeat is detected starting July 1 2018 208 209 2019 2019 On January 1 a law came into force in Arizona that required women to provide detailed medical information that was to be submitted to the state before they were allowed to have an abortion Among the information the law required abortion providers to collect was whether the abortion was elective or therapeutic the number of abortions they have had in the past and information on any medical complications they have as a result of the abortion This information is then collected by the Department of Health Services which provides the state with an annual report on abortions along with information on how abortions are paid for 146 2019 The Health Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy Act 2018 Act No 31 of 2018 previously Bill No 105 of 2018 came into effect it is an Act of the Oireachtas which defines the circumstances and processes within which abortion may be legally performed in Ireland It permits terminations to be carried out up to 12 weeks of pregnancy or where there is a risk to the life or of serious harm to the health of the pregnant woman or where there is a risk to the life or of serious harm to the health of the pregnant woman in an emergency or where there is a condition present which is likely to lead to the death of the fetus either before or within 28 days of birth 2018 On May 4 governor Kim Reynolds signed into law a bill that would ban abortion in Iowa after a fetal heartbeat is detected starting July 1 2018 208 On January 22 2019 a county district judge declared the law to be in violation of Iowa s State Constitution and entered a permanent injunction prohibiting its enforcement 209 2019 The government of South Korea criminalized abortion in the 1953 Criminal Code in all circumstances This law was later amended but not repealed However the Constitutional Court on 11 April 2019 ruled the abortion law unconstitutional and ordered the law s revision by the end of 2020 210 2019 New York state passed the Reproductive Health Act RHA which repealed a pre Roe v Wade provision that banned third trimester abortions except in cases where the continuation of the pregnancy endangered a pregnant woman s life 211 212 213 The law said The legislature finds that comprehensive reproductive health care including contraception and abortion is a fundamental component of a woman s health privacy and equality 213 The bill also allowed qualified health practitioners to perform abortions not just licensed medical doctors 213 214 215 2019 Box v Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky Inc Docket 18 483 was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the constitutionality of a 2016 anti abortion law passed in the state of Indiana Indiana s law sought to ban abortions performed solely on the basis of the fetus gender race ethnicity or disabilities Lower courts had blocked enforcement of the law for violating a woman s right to abortion under privacy concerns within the Fourteenth Amendment as previously found in the landmark cases Roe v Wade and Planned Parenthood v Casey The lower courts also blocked enforcement of another portion of the law that required the disposal of aborted fetuses through burial or cremation The per curiam decision by the Supreme Court overturned the injunction on the fetal disposal portion of the law but otherwise did not challenge or confirm the lower courts ruling on the non discrimination clauses leaving these in place 2019 In the United States in June the Trump administration was allowed by a federal court of appeals to implement while legal appeals continue a policy restricting taxpayer dollars given to family planning facilities through Title X This policy requires that companies receiving Title X funding must not mention abortion to patients provide abortion referrals or share space with abortion providers 216 217 2019 A federal judge in the United States declared unconstitutional the Trump administration s conscience rule that would have allowed providers of health care to refuse to participate in sterilizations abortions or other types of care they disagreed with on moral or religious grounds 218 2019 The newly elected government in Argentina issued a protocol expanding access to abortion to include cases of rape 219 2019 The California State Senate passed Senate Bill 24 the College Student Right to Access Act The Act requires public state universities to offer mifepristone the abortion pill to female students at zero cost by January 1 2023 funding for the program will be paid for through insurance and private grants with 200 000 to each University of California and California State University health clinic for training and equipment University clinics also have to set aside an additional 200 000 each to set up a student hotline to provide information to women seeking advice and assistance 220 The bill was approved by both the California State Assembly and California State Senate as amended on September 13 2019 was enacted by Governor Gavin Newsom on October 11 2019 and went into effect on January 1 2020 221 2019 Illinois passed bills known as the Illinois Reproductive Health Act that provided statutory protections for abortions and rescinded previous legislation that banned some late term abortions and a 45 year old law that had made performing such abortions a criminal offense 222 223 224 The Illinois Reproductive Health Act says that women have the fundamental right to access abortion services and that a fertilized egg embryo or fetus does not have independent rights 225 2019 The Indiana Legislature passed a ban on the most common type of second trimester abortion procedure in the state in April 226 2019 In April the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that the right to abortion is inherent within the state s constitution and bill of rights such that even if Roe v Wade was overturned and the federal protection of abortion rights was withdrawn the right would still be allowed within Kansas barring a change in the state constitution 227 2019 Prior to 2019 Kentucky law prohibited abortions after week 22 This changed when the state legislature passed a law that moved the prohibition to week 6 in the early part of the year 228 2019 An early pregnancy abortion bill was signed into law by Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant 229 2019 The Trust Nevada Women Act SB 179 was signed into law by Democratic Governor Steve Sisolak The new law made several changes to existing abortion laws in the state of Nevada including decriminalizing the performing of abortion procedures and removing informed consent laws that said doctors needed to tell women of the emotional implications of having an abortion and what women should do after the procedure to avoid post op complications the latter was changed to require doctors to describe the nature and consequences of the procedure of abortion to women getting abortions The law also meant doctors no longer had to collect data about women getting abortions related to their marital status and age 230 231 2019 U S District Judge William Osteen formally struck down North Carolina s life of the mother only 20 week abortion ban in 2019 His judgement pushed the date of which abortions could be performed to the date of viability which is later for many women 232 233 2019 The Reproductive Privacy Act banned Rhode Island from restricting an individual person from preventing commencing continuing or terminating that individual s pregnancy prior to fetal viability or after fetal viability to preserve the health or life of the pregnant individual It also forbade state restrictions on contraceptives in Rhode Island repealed bans on partial birth abortions in Rhode Island forbade medical professionals from being charged with felony assault for performing abortions in Rhode Island and repealed requirements for abortion providers to notify a husband before giving his wife an abortion in Rhode Island 234 2019 Ohio Governor Mike DeWine signed the Human Rights and Heartbeat Protection Act which bans abortion in the state after a fetal heartbeat is detectable On June 24 2022 after the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Roe v Wade judge Michael R Barrett lifted a preliminary injunction that had blocked state officials from enforcing the law against certain abortion providers allowing the Human Rights and Heartbeat Protection Act to take full effect 235 236 2019 The Utah legislature passed a bill limiting abortions after 18 weeks of pregnancy 237 2020s 2020 2020 Democratic Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed bills removing regulations that had required abortion seekers to have an ultrasound at least 24 hours before receiving an abortion and to get counseling on alternatives to abortion removing the requirement that facilities providing more than five abortions each year be designated as hospitals and allowing nurse practitioners to perform first trimester abortions 238 2020 In March 2020 Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed an executive order to limit elective medical procedures later confirming that all types of abortion services were included except for those necessary in a medical emergency or to prevent serious health risks to the pregnant woman However on April 6 federal judge Charles Barnes Goodwin blocked the executive order ruling that the state acted in an arbitrary unreasonable and oppressive way which posed an undue burden on abortion access in Oklahoma 239 2020 On March 24 2020 Governor Brad Little of Idaho signed into law S1385 which is a trigger law stating that if and when states are again allowed to ban abortion on their own authority then abortion would be illegal in Idaho except for cases of the life of the mother rape or incest 240 241 242 2020 After the passage of the ROE Act in 2020 which codified abortion rights in the state of Massachusetts abortions can be performed after 24 weeks in cases of fetal anomalies and risks to a patient s mental or physical health The ROE Act also lowered the age patients can have abortions without parental consent from 18 to 16 243 2020 June Medical Services LLC v Russo formerly June Medical Services LLC v Gee 591 U S 2020 was a U S Supreme Court case which ruled that a Louisiana state law placing hospital admission requirements on abortion clinics doctors which had mirrored a Texas state law previously found unconstitutional under Whole Woman s Health v Hellerstedt 579 U S 2016 WWH was also unconstitutional 2020 A law was enacted in Mississippi banning abortions based on the sex race or genetic abnormality of the fetus 244 2020 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of the United States tried to require employers to offer health insurance plans that paid for contraceptives The law specifically exempted churches but not faith based ministries Due to that religious non profits like Little Sisters of the Poor were fined if they did not comply 245 On October 6 2017 Health amp Human Services issued a new rule with an updated religious exemption that protected religious non profits 246 But federal judge Wendy Beetlestone issued an injunction temporarily stopping the enforcement of that exemption 200 201 As well following the new rule announcement the state of Pennsylvania sued the federal government to take away the exemption 247 Pennsylvania asked a judge to order that the Little Sisters of the Poor must comply with the federal mandate or pay tens of millions of dollars in fines 248 The state alleged that the religious organization violated the Constitution federal anti discrimination law and the Administrative Procedure Act APA 249 On July 8 2020 in Little Sisters of the Poor v Pennsylvania the U S Supreme Court ruled against that and in favor of Little Sisters of the Poor 249 250 2020 Poland s constitutional court ruled that abortion due to fetal defects was unconstitutional 251 2020 Louisiana voters passed a measure to amend the state constitution to omit any language implying that a woman has a right to get an abortion or that any abortion that does occur should be funded 252 2020 Tennessee banned abortions because of a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome or because of the gender or race of the fetus 253 2020 In Argentina abortion was legalized up to fourteen weeks of pregnancy on 30 December 2020 254 255 2020 A bill was signed into law in Ohio requiring all aborted fetal tissue to be cremated or buried 256 2021 2021 In January 2021 New Jersey governor Phil Murphy signed the Freedom of Reproductive Choice Act into law preserving the legal right to obtain an abortion fulfilling a reelection campaign promise 257 2021 A law went into effect in Indiana mandating an ultrasound 18 hours or more before an abortion is performed 258 2021 The Supreme Court of the United States reinstated federal rules mandating anyone having a medication abortion to acquire the pills for it from a medical provider in person 259 2021 President Biden rescinded the Mexico City policy 260 2021 Honduras added its abortion ban to its constitution and set the number of votes required in order to change it at three quarters of Congress 87 2021 In 2021 the city of Lebanon Ohio passed an ordinance whereby abortion at all stages of pregnancy was outlawed 261 2021 Mason Ohio 262 banned abortion at all stages in 2021 but its ordinance doing so was repealed later that year 263 2021 In February 2021 South Carolina passed a law which would outlaw almost all abortions in that state after a fetal heartbeat is detected however that law was blocked by a judge in March 2021 264 2021 In fall 2021 the Illinois General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the Parental Notice of Abortion Act 265 Governor Pritzker signed it into law on December 17 2021 266 2021 South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem signed an executive order requiring in person medical visits not merely telehealth appointments for the prescription of medication abortions 267 2022 2022 On 1 January 2022 a bill passed that required patients receiving abortion care at a health center in New Hampshire to have an ultrasound 268 2022 In February 2022 Colombia s highest court decriminalizes abortion in the first 24 weeks of the pregnancy 269 2022 In April 2022 Colorado passed the Reproductive Health Equity Act which guarantees access to reproductive care and affirms the rights of pregnant women to continue or terminate a pregnancy The act prohibits public entities from restricting or denying those rights 270 271 2022 On April 14 2022 House Bill 3 was passed in Kentucky 272 it banned all abortions in the state after 15 weeks post conception and introduced a number of regulations and restrictions including a prohibition on mailing abortion pills new systems to certify monitor and publicly name physicians who conduct abortion procedures dignified care for the terminated remains of pregnancy loss and mandatory disclosure of patient information 273 As the infrastructure was not in place for these new requirements the two abortion clinics operating in Kentucky had to shut down making abortion de facto illegal in the state In response abortion rights activists sued the state to challenge the law with Planned Parenthood and the ACLU stating that the law unconstitutionally bans abortion by introducing requirements that can t be followed or are too arduous to comply with and that it violates patient privacy protections this led to the law being blocked in federal court later in 2022 274 275 2022 On June 17 2022 the Iowa Supreme Court ruled that the state constitution does not protect the right to an abortion 276 Justice Edward Mansfield wrote in the majority that All we hold today is that the Iowa Constitution is not the source of a fundamental right to an abortion necessitating a strict scrutiny standard of review for regulations affecting that right 276 The court s decision is a reversal of its 2018 ruling where it found that the constitution protects the right to an abortion 276 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women s Health Organization No 19 1392 597 U S 2022 is a decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer any right to abortion thus overruling both Roe v Wade 1973 and Planned Parenthood v Casey 1992 277 278 2022 The 2019 trigger law in Kentucky took effect after the ruling for Dobbs v Jackson Women s Health Organization was delivered which overturned Roe v Wade It made all abortions illegal in Kentucky except when medically mandatory to prevent the patient from dying or getting a life sustaining organ permanently impaired Both clinics in the state temporarily stopped providing abortions 279 280 2022 Jefferson County Circuit Judge Mitch Perry issued a temporary restraining order blocking enforcement of Kentucky s abortion banning trigger law pending further hearings to determine if the ban violates the Kentucky Constitution This order temporarily allows both of Kentucky s elective abortion providers which are both located in Louisville to temporarily resume elective abortions 281 2022 President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14076 which directs the Department of Health and Human Services to expand access to contraceptives requests the Federal Trade Commission protect patients reproductive health privacy and directs the Department of Justice to organize a group of pro bono lawyers to defend women charged with having an abortion 282 283 2022 The Biden administration issued guidance stating that due to federal law pharmacies are not allowed to turn away people who have a prescription for a drug that might end a pregnancy 284 2022 New regulations went into effect in Israel stating that those seeking abortions could send their requests online and would no longer be asked about their use of birth control As well under the new regulations they no longer have to meet with a social worker and may obtain a medication abortion if medically possible under the oversight of a community health clinic rather than having to go to hospitals to receive the medication as they did previously 285 2022 In 2022 a legislative committee passed to the House floor in Louisiana a proposed law that would have potentially criminalized abortion seekers as well as abortion providers which was met with vehement opposition by both pro and anti abortion advocates and ultimately amended by the full House to remove criminal sanctions for abortion seekers passed into law and signed by Governor John Bel Edwards D 286 2022 The Abortion Care Access Act was enacted in Maryland it allows a broader range of healthcare workers nurse practitioners nurse midwives and physician assistants to perform abortions and allocates 3 5 million to a new program within the Maryland Department of Health to train healthcare workers Additionally it requires the majority of health insurance plans including private health insurance plans to cover abortions cost free 287 2022 Oklahoma s abortion ban took effect on May 25 2022 when Governor Kevin Stitt signed HB 4327 into law and abortion providers ceased offering services in Oklahoma as of that date 288 289 HB 4327 is modeled after the Texas Heartbeat Act and is enforced solely through civil lawsuits brought by private citizens making it exceedingly difficult for abortion providers to challenge the constitutionality of the statute in court 290 291 Oklahoma thus became the first state to ban abortion from the moment of fertilization since Roe v Wade 292 2022 Wisconsin banned abortion immediately after the 2022 Supreme Court decision Dobbs v Jackson Women s Health Organization overturning Roe v Wade per a state law that automatically caused abortion to be banned if Roe v Wade was repealed 293 2022 On 24 June 2022 following the United States Supreme Court s ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women s Health Organization Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt signed a proclamation bringing into effect the state s trigger law banning all non medically necessary abortions 294 2022 According to HB136 which is effective Utah state law from June 28 2022 abortions are banned following 18 weeks of gestation 295 2022 A law outlawing abortion in Mississippi took effect on July 7 2022 after Mississippi State Attorney General Lynn Fitch on June 27 of that year certified the June 24 2022 Supreme Court decision on Dobbs v Jackson Women s Health Organization 296 2022 Due to the trigger law prohibiting abortion from the point of fertilization which was adopted on April 22 2019 abortion became illegal from the point of conception in Tennessee on July 25 2022 30 days after the overturning of Roe v Wade 297 2022 Wyoming s legislature passed HB92 in the 2022 legislative session a trigger law meant to ban abortion soon after the overturn of Roe v Wade except for cases of rape incest reported to law enforcement and serious risk of death or substantial and irreversible physical impairments for the pregnant woman 298 However this law was blocked by 9th District Court Judge Melissa Owens the day it took effect July 27 2022 299 300 2022 Abortion in North Dakota has been mostly illegal since July 28 2022 301 302 when the state s trigger law following the United States Supreme Court ruling to overturn Roe v Wade on June 24 2022 went into effect 303 The trigger law bans all abortions except to save the life of the mother or in the case of rape or incest reported to law enforcement 304 2022 A three judge bench of the Supreme Court of India in Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 made a ruling on 29 September 2022 305 The ruling defined woman as all persons who require access to safe abortion along with cisgender women thus including transpersons and other gender diverse persons as well as cisgender women 306 The Court remarked that medical practitioners should refrain from imposing extra legal conditions on those seeking abortion such as obtaining the consent of the abortion seeker s family producing documentary proofs or judicial authorization and that only the abortion seeker s consent was material unless she was a minor or mentally ill 307 It also stated that every pregnant woman has the intrinsic right to choose to undergo or not to undergo abortion without any consent or authorization from a third party 308 and that a woman is the only and ultimate decision maker on the question of whether she wants to undergo an abortion 309 On the topic of the difference between the gestation period considered legal for married and unmarried women 24 weeks for the former and 20 weeks for the latter the Court ruled that the distinction was discriminatory artificial unsustainable and in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution of India 310 and that all women are entitled to the benefit of safe and legal abortion 311 On the subject of pregnancies resulting from marital rape the Court ruled that women can seek an abortion in the term of 20 to 24 weeks under the ambit of survivors of sexual assault or rape 312 2022 In the city of Hobbs New Mexico a local ordinance was passed in November 2022 to prevent abortion clinics from operating 313 See alsoAbortion law Birth control movement in the United States List of sex related court cases in the United States The Eastview Birth Control TrialNotes Closely held corporations are defined by the Internal Revenue Service as those which a have more than 50 of the value of their outstanding stock owned directly or indirectly by 5 or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of the tax year and b are not personal service corporations By this definition approximately 90 of U S corporations are closely held and approximately 52 of the U S workforce is employed by closely held corporations See Blake Aaron 30 June 2014 A LOT of people could be affected by the Supreme Court s birth control decision theoretically The 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only if the woman granted permission and only if the fetus was not old enough to survive outside the womb It is unclear if either of these qualifications was enforced Arnot Margaret Cornelie Usborne 1999 Gender and Crime in Modern Europe New York City Routledge p 241 ISBN 1 85728 745 2 OCLC 249726924 Facing History and Ourselves n d Timeline Hitler s Notion of Building a Racial State Archived September 28 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 22 2006 Proctor Robert E 1989 Racial Hygiene Medicine Under the Nazis Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press pp 122 123 ISBN 0 674 74578 7 OCLC 20760638 Abortion in other words could be allowed if it was in the interest of racial hygiene the Nazis did allow and in some cases even required abortions for women deemed racially inferior On November 10 1938 a Luneberg court declared abortion legal for Jews Tierney Helen 1999 Women s studies encyclopedia Westport Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group p 589 ISBN 0 313 31072 6 OCLC 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October 2013 Goldstein H 1998 Legal abortion in Denmark during the past 25 years Aspects of public health and ethics The European Journal of Contraception amp Reproductive Health Care 3 3 155 159 doi 10 3109 13625189809051419 PMID 9853207 Republic of Korea Abortion Policies A Global Review DOC Vol 2 United Nations Population Division 2002 Retrieved 25 December 2017 Sung Woong Kyu 1 December 2012 Abortion in South Korea The Law and the Reality International Journal of Law Policy and the Family 26 3 278 305 doi 10 1093 lawfam ebs011 Constitution of Ireland in the departement of the taoiseach PDF The Library of Trinity College Dublin Off Campus Access to e Resources Justcite com elib tcd ie Retrieved 7 May 2018 a b SIBEAL No 383 of 21 October 1974 SBA Administration Ordinance a b c Chellgren Mark 27 January 1987 Law Limiting Abortions Out of Line Opinion Says Lexington Herald Leader p B1 2005 Illinois Code Chapter 720 Criminal Offenses 720 ILCS 510 Illinois Abortion Law of 1975 Justia com Retrieved 30 May 2022 a b Drash Wayne When you wish your baby had never been born Video by Madeleine Stix Photographs by Matthew Busch CNN Bill would end wrongful birth suits 27 February 2017 a b c Drash Wayne Texas wrongful birth bill would allow doctors to lie critics say CNN Facts About Pregnancy Discrimination Eeoc gov 8 September 2008 Retrieved 29 June 2011 da Silva Pascal Rocha 2006 La politique de l enfant unique en Republique populaire de Chine The politics of one child in the People s Republic of China Universite de Geneve University of Geneva p 22 8 in French Timeline of abortion laws and events chicagotribune com 29 March 2001 Retrieved 23 May 2019 Larson Jordan 17 January 2017 Timeline The 200 Year Fight for Abortion Access The Cut Retrieved 25 May 2019 deCourcy Hind Michael 21 February 1992 The 1992 Campaign Pennsylvania Trouble Shadows Specter in Senate Race The New York Times Retrieved 15 August 2009 Loi n 82 1172 du 31 decembre 1982 Relative A La Couverture Des Frais Afferents A L Interruption Volontaire De Grossesse Non Therapeutique Et Aux Modalites De Financement De Cette Mesure in fr a b de Londras amp Enright Repealing the 8th Reforming Abortion Law in Ireland 2018 a b Irish abortion referendum Ireland overturns abortion ban BBC News BBC com 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2018 a b Duke Jacqueline 27 August 1987 Killer May Be Charged in Death of Fetus Lexington Herald Leader p B1 Circuit Court Brief a b c d Code Annotated www asbar org Retrieved 29 May 2019 a b Honduras hardened its abortion ban These women remain undeterred EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION IS NOT AN ABORTION PILL www samoanews com 27 June 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Duke Jacqueline 8 April 1986 New Legislation Varies in Effect On Typical Kentuckian Lexington Herald Leader p B1 Rutherford Glen 26 August 1988 Court Upholds Consent Law for Abortions Civil Liberties Union Expected to Challenge Ruling Lexington Herald Leader p C1 a b No abortion providers on Guam Pacific Daily News 30 June 2018 Retrieved 29 May 2019 a b Lewin Tamar 21 March 1990 Guam s Abortion Law Tested By A C L U Lawyer s Speech The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 11 May 2020 a b Lewis Neil A Times Special To the New York 24 August 1990 Judge in Guam Rejects Strict Law on Abortion The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 11 May 2020 Nevada Abortion Statute Referendum Question 7 1990 Ballotpedia Retrieved 2 September 2021 Statute affirmation Ballotpedia Retrieved 2 September 2021 Ruadhan Mac Cormaic 6 July 2013 X Case judge says ruling is moot in current abortion debate Irish Times a b Are there any states working to protect abortion rights Well Good 17 May 2019 Retrieved 25 May 2019 Title 22 1598 Abortions legislature maine gov Retrieved 25 May 2019 R v Morgentaler 1993 CanLII 74 1993 3 SCR 463 30 September 1993 Madsen v Women s Health Center Inc 512 U S 753 1994 nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from this U S government document Wohlstadter Jennifer 1995 Madsen v Women s Health Center Inc The Constitutionality of Abortion Clinic Buffer Zones Golden Gate University Law Review 25 3 18 Retrieved 28 March 2012 Legal opinion backs abortion Saipan News Headlines Events Ads Saipan Tribune 12 May 2000 Retrieved 29 May 2019 750 ILCS 70 Parental Notice of Abortion Act of 1995 Illinos Compiled Statutes Illinois General Assembly No person shall knowingly perform an abortion upon a minor or upon an incompetent person unless the physician or his or her agent has given at least 48 hours actual notice to an adult family member of the pregnant minor or incompetent person of his or her intention to perform the abortion unless that person or his or her agent has received a written statement by a referring physician certifying that the referring physician or his or her agent has given at least 48 hours notice to an adult family member of the pregnant minor or incompetent person ACLU of Illinois Welcomes Governor s Approval of Measure to Repeal the Dangerous Parental Notice of Abortion Law ACLU of Illinois 17 December 2021 Retrieved 30 May 2022 Cassens Weiss Debra 6 September 2013 5th Circuit finds no undue burden in law curbing liability protection for abortion providers ABA Journal Retrieved 8 October 2013 Catalanello Rebecca 5 September 2013 Abortion providers challenging Louisiana law suffer setback at 5th Circuit Times Picayune Retrieved 8 October 2013 a b DeWitt Ethan 18 May 2019 Capital Beat Here s where New Hampshire stands on abortion laws Concord Monitor Retrieved 2 June 2019 Compilation of Provisions of the Kansas Statutes Annotated Related to Health Care Providers Kansas Hospital Association How lawmakers made it nearly impossible to legalize abortion in Honduras Ouellet Nicky 3 October 2018 Nurses Fight To Expand Abortion Access In Montana www mtpr org Retrieved 28 May 2019 Irving Helen 2008 Gender and the constitution equity and agency in comparative constitutional design Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 205 ISBN 978 0 521 88108 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cette hypothese vous devrez vous faire accompagner dans votre demarche par une personne majeure de votre choix California Health and Safety Code 123462 California Office of Legislative Counsel Retrieved 17 May 2021 Are there any states working to protect abortion rights Well Good 17 May 2019 Retrieved 25 May 2019 a b Introduced as House Bill 763 FN The act passed with a vote of 12 11 in the New Hampshire Senate and 187 181 in the New Hampshire House of Representatives a b Planned Parenthood to have attorney s fees paid Archived 4 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine Seacoastonline com Scheidler v National Organization for Women 537 U S 393 2003 Chaffee v Seslar 786 N E 2d 705 Ind 2003 By contrast more than a decade ago this jurisdiction determined that the cause of action labeled wrongful pregnancy existed in Indiana S D Makes Abortion Rare Through Laws And Stigma The Washington Post 26 December 2005 Alford Jeremy 7 June 2006 Louisiana Governor Plans to Sign Anti Abortion Law The New 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Retrieved 22 January 2018 Archived copy Archived from the original on 31 August 2018 Retrieved 25 May 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Birth Control Free for All New Insurance Rules Affect Millions of Women ABC News 1 August 2011 U S says insurers must fully cover birth control Reuters 1 August 2011 Can the Government Require Doctors to Provide Misleading Information to Patients Seeking Abortions A Federal Appeals Court Says No but Means Yes verdict justia com Guam Legal Code PDF Center Pacific News 31 March 2014 DPHSS Enforcement of The Women s Reproductive Health Information Act Will Begin June 2 PNC News First Retrieved 11 May 2020 Oklahoma governor signs fetal heartbeat bill NewsOK com 28 April 2012 Retrieved 4 March 2019 Adolescence Committee On 1 February 2017 The Adolescent s Right to Confidential Care When Considering Abortion Pediatrics 139 2 e20163861 doi 10 1542 peds 2016 3861 ISSN 0031 4005 PMID 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Becomes Law Huffington Post Retrieved 31 July 2013 Ark heartbeat abortion law blocked Washington Times The Washington Times a b AP 15 March 2014 U S judge strikes Arkansas 12 week abortion ban USA Today Retrieved 20 September 2014 3 States Trying To Follow In Texas Footsteps And Shut Down Abortion Clinics ThinkProgress Retrieved 27 May 2019 Advocate The Politics News from The Advocate The Advocate Willis David 30 June 2014 Hobby Lobby case Court curbs contraception mandate BBC News Retrieved 30 June 2014 O Donoghue Amy Joi 5 July 2014 Group protests Hobby Lobby decision on birth control Deseret News Retrieved 30 July 2014 Haberkorn Jennifer Gerstein Josh 30 June 2014 Supreme Court sides with Hobby Lobby on contraception mandate Politico Retrieved 30 June 2014 See Wolf Richard 30 June 2014 Justices rule for Hobby Lobby on contraception mandate USA Today Mears Bill Tom Cohen 30 June 2014 Supreme Court rules against Obama in contraception case CNN Barrett Paul 7 July 2014 A Supreme Feud Over Birth Control Four Blunt Points BusinessWeek See LoGiurato Brett 3 July 2014 Female Justices Issue Scathing Dissent In The First Post Hobby Lobby Birth Control Exemption Business Insider Commencement Order and Regulations for the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Department of Health and Children 20 December 2013 Archived from the original on 20 December 2013 Retrieved 20 December 2013 Brennan Michael 2 January 2014 Reilly criticised over abortion guidelines delay Evening Herald Retrieved 2 January 2014 President Higgins signs abortion bill into law Irish Independent 30 July 2013 Retrieved 30 July 2013 a b Legislation Signed by President Higgins 2013 Office of the President Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 Retrieved 3 August 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Number 66 of 2013 Bills 1992 2013 Oireachtas Retrieved 12 July 2013 Wisconsin Legislature 2013 Wisconsin Act 37 docs legis wisconsin gov Retrieved 29 July 2020 Beguin Francois 9 April 2015 IVG l Assemblee vote la suppression du delai de reflexion de sept jours Le Monde in French Retrieved 29 January 2017 48 hour abortion waiting period signed into Tennessee law The Tennessean Kansas governor signs nation s 1st ban on abortion procedure Yahoo News News yahoo com 2015 04 07 Retrieved on 2015 04 12 Alter Charlotte 22 January 2016 Kansas Court Strikes Down Second Trimester Abortion Ban TIME com Retrieved 20 October 2016 a b National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v Becerra SCOTUSblog a b Supreme Court Sides With California Anti Abortion Pregnancy Centers NPR org Retrieved 26 June 2018 McEvers Kelly 5 November 2015 California Law Adds New Twist To Abortion Religious Freedom Debate All Things Considered NPR Retrieved 15 March 2018 National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v Harris 839 F 3d 823 9th Cir 2016 Sausser Lauren As national abortion rate drops SC women increasingly terminate pregnancies elsewhere Post and Courier Retrieved 26 May 2019 Green Emma 13 November 2015 A New Supreme Court Challenge The Erosion of Abortion Access in Texas Atlantic Retrieved 26 January 2016 a b Trump administration rescinds Obama guidance on defunding Planned Parenthood TheHill 19 January 2018 Retrieved 22 January 2018 Liptak Adam 23 March 2016 Justices Seem Split in Case on Birth Control Mandate The New York Times Zubik v Burwell No 14 1418 578 U S slip op at 3 5 2016 per curiam Zubik slip op at 3 4 Zubik slip op at 4 Zubik slip op at 2 3 Sotomayor J concurring Maltese women go to Court to legalise morning after pill TVM News TVM English Retrieved 6 November 2019 Updated Women s rights group goes to court to demand morning after pill MaltaToday com mt Retrieved 6 November 2019 Morning after pill to be sold over the counter Times of Malta Retrieved 6 November 2019 Morning after pill available at pharmacies as of today MaltaToday com mt Retrieved 6 November 2019 Malta ECEC Retrieved 6 November 2019 a b Alabama NARAL Pro Choice America Archived from the original on 28 June 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2021 a b Jackson Daniel Eleventh Circuit Begrudgingly Allows Alabama Abortions Courthouse News Service Retrieved 21 November 2021 Trump reinstates ban on US funds promoting abortion overseas TheHill 23 January 2017 Retrieved 23 January 2017 Gardenswartz Jacob 26 January 2017 Trump s global abortion gag rule goes much further than any previous administration Vox Retrieved 26 January 2017 Daniel Boffey in Brussels 2017 Polish government widely condemned over morning after pill law World news The Guardian Retrieved 27 June 2017 a b c Trump rolls back free birth control BBC News 6 October 2017 a b Federal judge in Pennsylvania temporarily blocks new Trump rules on birth control Associated Press 16 December 2017 Bill Detail Delaware General Assembly legis delaware gov Retrieved 25 May 2019 Vinicky Amanda 28 September 2017 Rauner Signs Controversial Abortion Bill WTTW Retrieved 29 May 2022 Are there any states working to protect abortion rights Well 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rights Well Good 17 May 2019 Retrieved 25 May 2019 Bump Bethany 22 January 2019 Cuomo signs Reproductive Health Act after Legislature votes Times Union Retrieved 25 May 2019 New York passes bill expanding abortion access 22 January 2019 Belluck Pam 22 February 2019 Trump Administration Blocks Funds for Planned Parenthood and Others Over Abortion Referrals The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 22 June 2019 Trump abortion rules on referrals clinic locations can take effect during appeals court rules NBC News 22 June 2019 Retrieved 25 August 2019 Trump s conscience rule for health providers blocked by federal judge The Washington Post 6 November 2019 Retrieved 12 December 2019 Argentina Moves to Guarantee Abortion Access in Rape Cases The New York Times 12 December 2019 California Senate advances bill to provide abortion pill access for public university students at no cost www cbsnews com Retrieved 2 June 2019 An act to add Chapter 5 5 commencing with Section 99250 to Part 65 of Division 14 of Title 3 of the Education Code relating to public health and making an appropriation therefor California Office of Legislative Counsel 11 October 2019 Retrieved 17 May 2021 Illinois lawmakers rush to finish big to do list including new marijuana abortion laws USA Today Retrieved 2 June 2019 O connor John 29 May 2019 Illinois may expand abortion rights as other states restrict The Associated Press Retrieved 2 June 2019 Sfondeles Tina 28 May 2019 After emotional debate Illinois House OKs abortion rights measure Chicago Sun Times Retrieved 2 June 2019 Veronica Stracqualursi and Chris Boyette June 2019 Illinois and Nevada approve abortion rights bills that remove long standing criminal penalties CNN Retrieved 2 June 2019 Tavernise Sabrina 15 May 2019 The Time Is Now States Are Rushing to Restrict Abortion or to Protect It The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 24 May 2019 Margolies Dan Llopis Jepsen Celia 26 April 2019 Kansas Supreme Court Rules State Constitution Protects Right To Abortion NPR Retrieved 26 April 2019 Lai K K Rebecca 15 May 2019 Abortion Bans 8 States Have Passed Bills to Limit the Procedure This Year The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 24 May 2019 Singman Brooke 22 March 2019 Mississippi Gov Bryant signs heartbeat bill enacting one of strictest abortion laws in nation Fox News Retrieved 23 March 2019 Veronica Stracqualursi and Chris Boyette June 2019 Illinois and Nevada approve abortion rights bills that remove long standing criminal penalties CNN Retrieved 2 June 2019 Kelly Caroline 22 May 2019 Nevada passes bill to no longer require doctors to tell women the emotional implications of an abortion CNN Retrieved 28 May 2019 North Carolina 20 Week Abortion Limit Formally Struck Down Chapelboro com 28 May 2019 Archived from the original on 28 May 2019 Retrieved 28 May 2019 Federal judge ends North Carolina ban on abortions after 20 weeks Reuters 26 March 2019 Archived from the original on 28 May 2019 Retrieved 28 May 2019 Kelly Caroline 21 June 2019 Rhode Island governor signs abortion protection bill CNN Politics CNN Hancock Laura 24 June 2022 Federal judge allows blocked heartbeat bill to take effect banning abortion around six weeks in Ohio cleveland Retrieved 25 June 2022 Knight Anna Staver and Cameron Ohio s six week abortion ban becomes law hours after Supreme Court s Dobbs decision The Enquirer Retrieved 25 June 2022 Schott Ryan 11 May 2022 Gov Cox says he opposes abortion restrictions beyond Utah s trigger law The Salt Lake Tribune Retrieved 23 June 2022 Virginia governor signs abortion protections into law CNN Politics CNN 10 April 2020 Kelly Caroline 6 April 2020 Oklahoma judge blocks state order restricting abortion during coronavirus outbreak CNN Retrieved 7 April 2020 Brown Nathan Trigger law to ban abortion passes Senate Post Register Idaho governor signs bill outlawing abortion if Roe v Wade is reversed The Spokesman Review www spokesman com SENATE BILL 1385 Idaho State Legislature Romo Vanessa 29 December 2020 Massachusetts Senate Overrides Veto Passes Law Expanding Abortion Access NPR Retrieved 18 August 2022 Mississippi bans abortion on sex race genetic disability www catholicnewsagency com Alvare Helen 5 May 2020 Opinion The Endless War on the Little Sisters of the Poor Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 13 May 2020 Trump Administration Issues Rules Protecting the Conscience Rights of All Americans hhs gov 6 October 2017 Retrieved 13 May 2020 Little Sisters of the Poor v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Becket Retrieved 13 May 2020 Malhi Sabrina 12 May 2020 The Little Sisters of the Poor should finally get their win TheHill Retrieved 13 May 2020 a b Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v Pennsylvania Oyez Retrieved 14 June 2020 Breaking Supreme Court Rules 7 2 in Favor of Little Sisters of the Poor in ObamaCare Contraception Case Space Coast Daily Poland rules abortion due to foetal defects unconstitutional the Guardian 22 October 2020 Lisa Andrew Notable ballot measures from the 2020 election and how they could reshape America The Desert Review permanent dead link Court Tennessee can enforce Down syndrome abortion ban The Associated Press 21 November 2020 Goni Uki Phillips Tom 30 December 2020 Argentina legalises abortion in landmark moment for women s rights Country becomes only the third in South America to permit elective abortions Abortion The Guardian Archived from the original on 30 December 2020 Retrieved 30 December 2020 Politi Daniel Londono Ernesto 30 December 2020 Argentina Legalizes Abortion a Milestone in a Conservative Region The Senate vote on Wednesday was a major victory for Latin America s growing feminist movement and its ripple effects are likely to be widespread Americas The New York Times Retrieved 30 December 2020 DeWine signs bill that requires women to choose burial or cremation of aborted fetal tissue WEWS 31 December 2020 Livio Susan K Johnson Brent 13 January 2022 Murphy signs law protecting abortion rights in N J NJ com Retrieved 6 May 2022 Law requiring ultrasound before abortion goes into effect Jan 1 www wthr com 31 December 2020 Supreme Court reinstates restrictions on abortion pill www politico com Lucey Catherine Peterson Kristina 28 January 2021 Biden Targets Abortion Restrictions as Fight Looms in Congress Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 28 January 2021 Endale Brook 25 May 2021 Lebanon is first city in Ohio to ban abortions www cincinnati com Retrieved 25 May 2021 Glynn Erin Mason council passes ordinance criminalizing abortions in city limits after tense meeting close vote The Enquirer Retrieved 14 December 2021 Lair Mollie 14 December 2021 Mason city council votes to repeal abortion ban WLWT Retrieved 14 December 2021 Judge blocks baffling South Carolina abortion ban says it wasn t even a close call Teens seeking abortions in Illinois won t need parental notification in 2022 St Louis Public Radio 2 November 2021 HB 370 Youth Health and Safety Act ACLU of Illinois 26 October 2021 Retrieved 30 May 2022 Karanth Sanjana 7 September 2021 South Dakota Bans Clinicians From Using Telemedicine To Provide Medication Abortions HuffPost Retrieved 8 September 2021 Timmins Annmarie 12 December 2021 The personal medical and political consequences of N H s new abortion law New Hampshire Public Radio Retrieved 9 May 2022 Otis John Colombia legalized abortions for the first 24 weeks of pregnancy A backlash ensued NPR Hernandez Joe 5 April 2022 The right to abortion in Colorado is now guaranteed under state law NPR Retrieved 21 April 2022 Colorado governor signs bill codifying the right to abortion in state law CBS News Retrieved 21 April 2022 Rickert Aprile 13 April 2022 Updated Ky legislature overrides veto on 15 week abortion ban lawsuits announced 89 3 WFPL News Louisville Archived from the original on 15 April 2022 Retrieved 15 April 2022 Acquisto Alex 14 April 2022 KY Republicans override Beshear s veto of sweeping abortion bill It takes effect immediately Lexington Herald Leader Archived from the original on 16 April 2022 Retrieved 15 April 2022 Schreiner Bruce Blackburn Piper Hudspeth 14 April 2022 Abortions stop in Kentucky as groups seek to block new law ABC News AP Archived from the original on 15 April 2022 Retrieved 15 April 2022 Planned Parenthood ACLU sue to block restrictive Kentucky abortion bill Here s why Archived from the original on 6 May 2022 Retrieved 18 April 2022 a b c Stracqualursi Veronica 17 June 2022 Iowa Supreme Court rules state constitution does not protect right to abortion CNN Retrieved 26 June 2022 de Vogue Arinne 24 June 2022 Supreme Court overturns Roe v Wade CNN Archived from the original on 24 June 2022 Retrieved 24 June 2022 Howe Amy 24 June 2022 Supreme Court overturns constitutional right to abortion SCOTUSblog Archived from the original on 24 June 2022 Retrieved 24 June 2022 Yetter Deborah Abortion ends in Kentucky as Supreme Court strikes down Roe v Wade due to trigger law The Courier Journal Retrieved 24 June 2022 Rickert Aprile 24 June 2022 After Dobbs decision nearly all abortions now illegal in Kentucky 89 3 WFPL News Louisville Retrieved 24 June 2022 Judge temporarily blocks KY s trigger law banning abortions Procedure can continue for now MSN Ollstein Alice Miranda 8 July 2022 Biden signs abortion rights executive order amid pressure POLITICO Retrieved 8 July 2022 Sullivan Kate 8 July 2022 Here s what s in Biden s executive order on abortion rights CNN Retrieved 8 July 2022 Christensen Jen 13 July 2022 Biden administration says pharmacies can t turn away people who have a prescription for a drug that may end a pregnancy CNN Days after U S ends right to abortion Israel makes access easier 28 June 2022 Rojas Rick Mzezewa Tariro 12 May 2022 After Tense Debate Louisiana Scraps Plan to Classify Abortion as Homicide The New York Times Retrieved 27 June 2022 Archie Ayana 11 April 2022 Maryland lawmakers expand who can perform abortions after overriding governor s veto NPR Smith Karen Stracqualursi Veronica 25 May 2022 Oklahoma GOP governor signs one of nation s strictest abortion bills into law CNN Retrieved 25 May 2022 DiMartino Jessie 25 May 2022 Oklahoma governor signs the nation s strictest abortion ban abcnews go com Retrieved 25 May 2022 Vander Ploeg Luke 25 May 2022 Oklahoma Governor Signs Bill That Bans Most Abortions New York Times Retrieved 25 May 2022 Whole Woman s Health v Jackson No 21 463 PDF supremecourt gov 10 December 2021 Retrieved 26 December 2021 Borter Gabriella 20 May 2022 Oklahoma lawmakers pass near total abortion ban Reuters Retrieved 5 June 2022 Beck Molly Roe decision means an immediate halt to abortion in Wisconsin setting the stage for the state s 1849 ban to take effect Journal Sentinel Abortion ends in Missouri following SCOTUS ruling 24 June 2022 While Utah s abortion ban is on hold a new law takes effect 28 June 2022 AG Lynn Fitch certifies trigger law Mississippi abortions to be illegal in 10 days www wlbt com 27 June 2022 Retrieved 27 June 2022 Senate Bill 1257 PDF General Assembly of the State of Tennessee Retrieved 17 November 2022 Supreme Court ruling to trigger Wyoming abortion ban County 17 25 June 2022 Teton County at heart of Wyoming abortion battle Jackson Hole News amp Guide Judge temporarily blocks Wyoming abortion ban on day it took effect The Colorado Sun 27 July 2022 Abortion Will be Illegal in North Dakota in One Month The Daily Beast 28 June 2022 ND sets date for when abortion will be illegal 28 June 2022 Huebner Robin 24 June 2022 North Dakota s lone abortion clinic to move to Minnesota after Supreme Court ruling InForum Retrieved 24 June 2022 Burgum releases statement on U S Supreme Court opinion that returns abortion issue to the states KM Ashok 29 September 2022 Consent Of Woman s Family Not Needed For Abortion Doctors Cannot Impose Extra Legal Conditions Supreme Court LiveLaw Retrieved 30 September 2022 X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 11 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 23 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 98 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 108 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 121 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 56 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 Text X vs Principal Secretary Health and Family Welfare Department Govt of NCT Of Delhi Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 Para 71 76 Supreme Court of India 29 September 2022 A woman may become pregnant as a result of non consensual sexual intercourse performed upon her by her husband Text Brooks Brad 8 November 2022 New Mexico city passes ordinance to block abortion clinics from operating Reuters Retrieved 8 November 2022 External links in Spanish Los anticonceptivos en la Antiguedad Clasica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Timeline of reproductive rights legislation amp oldid 1171439157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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