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Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013

The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Act No.35 of 2013;[1] previously Bill No.66 of 2013[2]) was an Act of the Oireachtas which, until 2018, defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed. The act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment Attorney General v. X (the "X case"). That judgment allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman's life, including through a risk of suicide. The provisions relating to suicide had been the most contentious part of the bill. Having passed both Houses of the Oireachtas in July 2013, it was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D. Higgins, the President of Ireland,[3] and commenced on 1 January 2014.[4][5] The 2013 Act was repealed by the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, which commenced on 1 January 2019.[6]

Background Edit

Under section 58 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861, unlawfully attempting to procure a miscarriage was a crime punishable by up to life imprisonment.[7][8] A 1983 amendment to the 1937 Constitution guaranteed to vindicate the "right to life of the unborn" with due regard for "the equal right to life of the mother". Proponents of the amendment believed that it would guarantee abortion could never be allowed in any circumstances. However, in 1992 the Supreme Court ruled in Attorney General v. X that abortion was permitted where pregnancy presented "a real and substantial risk to the life, as distinct from the health, of the mother", including where the risk was through suicide.[9] There were two attempts to amend the Constitution to explicitly rule out suicide as grounds for abortion. These were rejected at referendums in 1992 and in 2002; some no-voters felt the restriction was too strong and others that it was not strong enough. No legislation was passed to amend the 1861 Act in the light of the 1992 judgment.

In December 2010, in the case A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ruled that the State had infringed a complainant's rights by not providing clear information on whether she was entitled to an abortion.[10] The state had a year to respond officially, and after the 2011 general election, the coalition government decided in December 2011 to appoint an expert group to advise on how to implement the ECtHR judgment. Following the death of Savita Halappanavar in Galway on 28 October 2012 of maternal sepsis after a miscarriage, her husband and friends told local pro-choice groups they blamed her death on the denial of her request for an abortion; The Irish Times broke the story on 12 November and it fed into the wider abortion debate.[11][12][13] On the day the story broke, the Irish government confirmed that the expert group handed in its report to the Department of Health the night before.[14][15] The committee offered four possibilities: 1) non-statutory guidelines 2) statutory regulations 3) legislation only and 4) legislation plus regulations.[16] In December, the government decided to pursue option 4 in the expert group's report: legislation plus regulations.[17]

Provisions Edit

The Act specified the number and specialty of medical practitioners who concurred that a termination was necessary to prevent a risk of death. Those criteria differed in three scenarios:

Risk of loss of life from physical illness
Two physicians, one an obstetrician and the other a specialist in the field of the relevant condition, concurred.[18] For example, if the woman had cancer, the two physicians were an obstetrician and an oncologist. Where relevant, the specialists also consulted the woman's general practitioner (GP). The termination was an elective procedure performed at an appropriate institution.
Risk of loss of life from physical illness in emergency
In a medical emergency, a single physician provided the diagnosis and perform the termination.[19]
Risk of loss of life from suicide
Three physicians concurred; an obstetrician, a psychiatrist with experience treating women during or after pregnancy, and another psychiatrist.[20] At least one of them should consult the woman's GP with her consent. The termination was an elective procedure performed at an appropriate institution.

The physicians' diagnosis had to be "an opinion formed in good faith which has regard to the need to preserve unborn human life as far as practicable".[21] Normal informed consent was required.[22] Medical personnel with conscience objections to abortion were not required to participate in terminations, but had to transfer care of a patient in such cases.[23] All terminations were notified to the Minister for Health within 28 days.[24] The Minister made an annual report of such notifications.[25]

Where a termination was requested but refused, a woman could appeal to the Health Service Executive (HSE).[26] The HSE established a panel of at least 10 physicians,[27] from whom a committee of two or three reviewed any application within three days.[28] The committee members' specialties depended on whether the condition was physical or mental, in the same way as for the initial assessment.[28] The HSE published an annual report on the review process.[29]

The Act also repealed sections 58 and 59 of the 1861 Act;[30] these criminalised attempted or actual procurement of miscarriage, and assisting such procurement. It replaced them with a new offence of "destruction of unborn human life", with a maximum penalty of 14 years' imprisonment.[31][32] The director of a body corporate which performed such a procedure could be guilty of a similar offence.[33] As required by the Constitution, the right to travel abroad for abortion (13th amendment), and to provide information about foreign abortion (14th amendment), were protected.[34][35]

The Act defined the "unborn" whose life is protected as existing from implantation in the uterus until "complete emergence ... from the body of the woman".[36] Beginning at implantation conformed to a 2009 Supreme Court judgment on the beginning of pregnancy,[37][38] rather than the Catholic view that personhood begins at conception. The aim of specifying the uterus was to avoid criminalising emergency contraception or treatment of ectopic pregnancy.[39]

The Act empowered the Minister for Health to produce regulations detailing the procedures for all its provisions.[40]

A "senior source" at the National Maternity Hospital (NMH) told The Irish Times that terminations had been carried out there prior to the 2013 Act, and that the change brought about by the Act would be to remove the "fear of a possible Medical Council case".[41]

Approved locations Edit

Except in an emergency, a termination could only be carried out in an "appropriate institution". The Act listed several of these, and empowered the Minister to specify others.[42] The draft bill's list of approved institutions included only maternity hospitals, but was extended to include other hospitals with intensive care units where the nearest maternity hospital did not have emergency medicine facilities.[43]

Dublin
Provincial

Enactment Edit

The bill was drafted by the Government and then introduced by it into the Oireachtas or parliament. After both Houses of the Oireachtas passed it, it was signed into law by the President.

Draft Edit

In January 2013, the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Health and Children held three days of discussions with interest groups on the government's plans.[44][45][46] The meeting was held in the chamber of the Seanad (upper House), rather than a committee room, to allow more people to attend. Journalist Stephen Collins commented that it was an unusual and positive step to hold such a discussion before the drafting of a bill by the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel to Government.[47] Health Minister James Reilly said in January 2014 that the process had "become now the standard for many bills".[48]

The draft of the bill was published in April 2013.[49] The official announcement stated that the provisions of the proposed legislation being published were strictly within the parameters of the X case.[50] In May 2013, the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Health and Children held three days of discussions on the draft bill with healthcare and legal professionals.[51][52][53] Its report was laid before the Dáil on 30 May.[54]

Dáil stages Edit

The bill was introduced in Dáil Éireann, the lower House of the Oireachtas, on 16 June 2013. It was the subject of vigorous debate. From the government parties, TDs Terence Flanagan, Peter Mathews, Billy Timmins, and Brian Walsh were expelled from the Fine Gael parliamentary party on 2 July 2013 after voting against the bill's second stage in defiance of a party whip.[55][56] Lucinda Creighton was likewise expelled on 11 July for voting against the bill's report stage;[57] she was also forced to resign as Minister of State for European Affairs.[58] Michael McNamara of Labour also voted against the bill,[59] but the party later explained this had been a mistake.[58] From the opposition parties, Peadar Tóibín was suspended by Sinn Féin for six months after voting no against the whip.[60] While Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin favoured the bill, the party's TDs demanded a free vote, and 13 of 19 voted against. This contributed to media reports that Martin's continued leadership of the party was in doubt.[61]

Six pro-choice technical group TDs voted against the bill: Clare Daly, Joan Collins, Richard Boyd Barrett, Mick Wallace, Joe Higgins and Luke 'Ming' Flanagan.[62][63] They argued instead for a referendum to repeal the 1983 Constitutional amendment which places the life of the mother and the unborn on an equal footing.[63] Boyd Barrett criticised the exclusion of fatal foetal abnormality in the bill, which he said “will force women whose pregnancies will inevitably end in tragedy to go full term or travel overseas for terminations".[63]

At the bill's report stage, 165 amendments were proposed.[64][65] Faced with such a large number, the government decided to let the debate run over the originally allocated time, rather than using a guillotine motion to curtail it. Such a motion might have prevented discussion of the bill's most contentious sections, thereby increasing controversy.[64] The report stage began at 11.50am on 10 July,[66] and was adjourned at 5am the following morning.[67]

At about 2.40am, as deputies were awaiting a division, Tom Barry pulled Áine Collins, a fellow Fine Gael TD for Cork East, onto his lap. Barry apologised publicly and was reprimanded by Fine Gael.[68][69][70] He admitted having drunk alcohol before the incident but denied being drunk.[71] Some politicians called for an end to the practice of the Oireachtas members' private bar remaining open and serving alcohol whenever Oireachtas business is being conducted.[72][73]

Debate resumed at 5pm that evening,[74] and concluded with the final vote at 12.25am on the morning of 12 July.[62] The bill was finally approved by 127 votes to 31.[62][75][76]

Seanad stages Edit

Six days were set aside for the bill's passage through the Seanad.[75][77] It was introduced on Monday 15 July 2013 and passed its second stage the next day by 41 votes to 15.[78] The No voters were: 10 of the 14 Fianna Fáil senators; independents Feargal Quinn and Rónán Mullen; Taoiseach's nominee Mary Ann O'Brien; and Fidelma Healy Eames and Paul Bradford, who lost the Fine Gael whip.[79] Jim Walsh quoted an anti-abortion pamphlet's description of dilation and evacuation,[80] which the bill's supporters criticised as inappropriate.[81][82] Fianna Fáil's Brian Ó Domhnaill claimed that allowing abortions in the case of foetal anomalies would deprive Ireland of future Special Olympics athletes. He also remarked that Down Syndrome babies could be "left to die on sterilised trays".[83] The bill passed its final stage unamended on 23 July 2013, by 39 votes to 14.[84] If the Seanad had rejected or amended the bill, the Dáil would have had to be recalled from its summer recess to consider the Seanad's changes.[75][77]

President Edit

A bill passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas is sent to the President of Ireland to be signed into law. There were suggestions that the Seanad might petition President Michael D. Higgins to call an ordinary referendum on the bill.[85]

Paschal Donohoe suggested Higgins might refer the bill to the Supreme Court under Article 26 of the Constitution, to test whether it is constitutional.[86] The President is required to summon a meeting of the Council of State before any referral, and on 24 July he called such a meeting for 29 July.[87] Of the 24 members of the Council, 21 attended.[88][89] Of the three absentees, Mary Robinson and John Bruton both made written submissions;[89] the third, Albert Reynolds, had Alzheimer's disease.[90] A bill allowed by the Supreme Court under Article 26 can never subsequently have its constitutionality challenged in court.[89] News reports suggested that, for this reason, most members of the Council advised the President not to refer the bill, to allow the Supreme Court to consider it in the light of specific future cases rather than abstract hypothetical cases.[89] Higgins had until 31 July 2013 to either sign or refer the bill;[88][89] in the event, he signed it on 30 July without referral.[3]

Debate Edit

The bill was criticised by commentators on both sides of the Irish abortion debate, both for being too restrictive, and for not being restrictive enough.

Jurist Gerry Whyte listed and critiqued five hypothetical grounds on which the Act could be argued to be unconstitutional: the lack of explicit time limits; the lack of an opt-out for institutions (as opposed to individuals) with conscience objections; the fact that a refused abortion can be appealed but an allowed abortion cannot; the lack of allowance for fatal foetal abnormality; and the possibility that the X-case judgment is not binding with regard to allowing suicide as grounds.[91]

The Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference wrote a series of pastoral letters condemning the bill.[92] In May 2013, Fine Gael TD Tom Barry wrote to Cardinal Seán Brady and the nuncio, Charles John Brown, asking whether TDs would be excommunicated if they voted for the bill.[93] Derek Keating's parish priest stopped him serving as minister of the Eucharist after he voted for the Act.[94]

Anti-abortion commentators criticised the bill's lack of time limits. Breda O'Brien suggested doctors might induce labour of a borderline-viable fetus, resulting in permanent health problems associated with premature birth.[95] Rónán Mullen suggested the prospect of medical malpractice lawsuits from such births might make doctors prefer late-term abortion instead.[96]

Professor Fiona de Londras objected to the criteria for establishing risk being more onerous for suicide than for physical illness.[97]

Implementation Edit

While the bill was still in progress, the Department of Health published drafts of the Statutory Instruments for regulations to be introduced by the Minister for Health.[98] Separate regulations deal with certification of appropriate institutions, reporting of procedures performed, and application for review of refused termination.[98]

In August 2013, Kevin Doran, a priest on the board of governors of Mater Misericordiae University Hospital told The Irish Times it could not comply with the Act because of its Catholic ethos, while a hospital spokesperson said it had not yet formulated a policy on the Act.[99] The Irish Times suggested that opting out was permissible, due to the deletion from the bill of an explicit requirement for approved institutions to facilitate terminations.[43] The board held a four-hour meeting on 17 September,[100] and announced on 24 September that it would comply with the Act.[101] Doran resigned from the board, while a nun on the board said the hospital "would not be performing abortions" and expressed uncertainty about future decisions.[100][102] A spokesperson for St. Vincent's University Hospital, which had Religious Sisters of Charity management, said in August it would "be following the law of the land".[43] The other approved hospitals were managed by the HSE, and so provided facilities as a matter of course.[43]

The Irish Times reported on 23 August 2013 that the first abortion under the terms of the Act had been performed several weeks earlier at the NMH.[41][103] In fact, although the act had been passed, it had not commenced.[104] The NMH story was investigated for possible breach of information privacy law.[105] On 31 August, The Irish Times withdrew its story and stated "the case described in the article did not happen".[103]

The Department of Health stated that commencement of the Act would not occur until the finalisation of the regulations required to implement its provisions.[106] The department established an expert committee comprising twelve people, including ten medical specialists.[5] It first met on 24 September 2013 and was originally expected to report within three months.[5][106] One task was appointing doctors to the review and appeals panels required by the Act, which was accomplished by December.[5][107] On 19 December 2013, Minister Reilly signed several statutory instruments: those specifying regulations for certification, review, and notification of decisions, and a commencement order specifying 1 January 2014 as the date the Act and regulations would come into force.[4][108][109][110][111]

Separate from the administrative regulations are the clinical guidelines for physicians to determine whether a given case met the legal criteria specified by the Act.[5][106] These were not in place when the Act commenced.[112] There was criticism of the decision to commence the Act and regulations before the guidelines have been established.[5] The College of Psychiatrists advised members not to participate in assessments for risk of loss of life from suicide until the guidelines had been published.[113] The Irish Times reported in January 2014 that the guidelines were being drafted by the Medical Council;[112] on 3 July 2014 it reported that they had been drawn up by the Department of Health and circulated to healthcare professionals.[114] In August 2014 media reported on "Ms Y", who in July had a Caesarean section after 24 weeks' gestation, despite having requested an abortion and being suicidal.[115] A revised version of the June guidelines was published on 19 September 2014.[116] The Irish Times commented that the guidelines differed from those circulated in July, and "appear to go further than the Act in prescribing C-section and early induction"; Minister for Health Leo Varadkar denied the "Ms Y" case had influenced them.[117]

ON 29 October 2014, the Government made a submission to the Council of Europe on its response to the A, B and C v Ireland judgment, summarizing the Act and ensuing regulations and publicity, and stating that the Health Service Executive would be producing a patient information leaflet for women.[118] On 4 December 2014, the Council's Committee of Ministers closed the case as resolved.[119][120]

The first annual report on the Act's operation, covering the calendar year 2014, was laid before the Dáil on 29 June 2015 by the Minister for Health.[121] The report revealed that in 2014 there had been 26 terminations in the state under the Act's provisions, of which three were on grounds of risk of suicide.[121][122][123]

Annual Reports of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act, 2013
For
year
Report date Number of terminations by risk Appeals Refs
Suicide Emergency Other illness Total Made Upheld
2014 29 June 2015 3 9 14 26 1 0 [124]
2015 29 June 2016 3 9 14 26 1 1 [125]
2016 29 June 2017 1 16 8 25 1 1 [126]
2017 28 June 2018 2 5 8 15 1 1 [127]
2018 27 June 2019 1 13 18 32 0 0 [128]

In 2017, news media reported the case of an adolescent who was detained for several days under the Mental Health Act by the District Court on the evidence of psychiatrist that her distress at being pregnant placed her at risk of suicide. The girl had asked for a termination and became agitated upon discovering she was being transferred to a mental health unit rather than to an abortion facility. She was discharged after a psychiatrist employed by her guardian ad litem found "no evidence of a mental health disorder". Pro-choice advocates said the incident highlighted the deficiencies of the 2013 act.[129][130] The Irish Times quoted psychiatrists describing the act as "unworkable" or "a lottery".[131]

Repeal Edit

In February 2015, Clare Daly's private member's bill, to amend the 2013 act to allow abortion in cases of fatal foetal abnormality, was rejected in the Dáil; the government argued that the bill was unconstitutional, which Daly disputed.[132][133][134] The Protection of Life During Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill 2017, introduced by pro-choice TDs from AAA–PBP and the Green Party, proposed to reduce the prescribed punishment for "unlawful destruction of human life" from the maximum 14-year prison sentence specified in the 2013 Act to a fine of up to €1.[135] The intention was to provide minimal compliance with the constitutional requirement to outlaw abortion while removing any deterrent effect. The bill was rejected by the Fine Gael–independent coalition, that the bill was unconstitutional as the new penalty would not "defend and vindicate" the unborn's right to life "as far as practicable". Simon Harris, the Minister for Health, said, "The clear advice of the Attorney General, which I am sharing with the House, is that this Bill fails to discharge the State's obligations under Article 40.3.3° of the Constitution and would, if passed, be likely to be subject to immediate successful legal challenge."[136][137] The Dáil resolved to decline a second reading for the bill and to wait for the Citizens' Assembly to report on the 8th Amendment.[138]

The Citizens' Assembly voted on 22 April 2017 to recommend replacing the text of Article 40.3.3° with a mandate for the Oireachtas to regulate terminations.[139] The recommendation was formally reported to the Oireachtas on 29 June 2017,[139] and effected by the 36th Amendment of the Constitution, approved at a referendum on 25 May 2018 by 66.4% of voters, and signed into law on 18 September 2018. The Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 was then enacted by the Oireachtas. It repealed the 2013 Act while re-enacting a similar regulatory framework for terminations between 12 weeks' gestation and viability, which are permitted for "a risk to the life, or of serious harm to the health, of the pregnant woman". The 2018 Act also permits terminations before 12 weeks for any reason, and at any time for fatal foetal abnormality. The 2018 Act was signed into law on 20 December 2018 and commenced on 1 January 2019, whereupon the 2013 Act was repealed.

See also Edit

References Edit

Sources Edit

  • "General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013" (PDF). Irish Government News Service. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  • Department of Health (June 2013). "Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 (as initiated): Explanatory Memorandum" (PDF). Oireachtas. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  • "Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Number 35 of 2013)". Irish Statute Book. Attorney-General of Ireland. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.

Citations Edit

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External links Edit

  • "Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Number 35 of 2013)". Irish Statute Book. Attorney-General of Ireland. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
  • "Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 (Number 66 of 2013)". Bills 1992 - 2013. Oireachtas. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

protection, life, during, pregnancy, 2013, this, article, about, 2013, 2001, protection, life, during, pregnancy, bill, twenty, fifth, amendment, constitution, bill, 2002, 2013, previously, bill, 2013, oireachtas, which, until, 2018, defined, circumstances, pr. This article is about the 2013 Act For the 2001 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill see Twenty fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2002 The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Act No 35 of 2013 1 previously Bill No 66 of 2013 2 was an Act of the Oireachtas which until 2018 defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed The act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment Attorney General v X the X case That judgment allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman s life including through a risk of suicide The provisions relating to suicide had been the most contentious part of the bill Having passed both Houses of the Oireachtas in July 2013 it was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D Higgins the President of Ireland 3 and commenced on 1 January 2014 4 5 The 2013 Act was repealed by the Health Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy Act 2018 which commenced on 1 January 2019 6 Contents 1 Background 2 Provisions 2 1 Approved locations 3 Enactment 3 1 Draft 3 2 Dail stages 3 3 Seanad stages 3 4 President 4 Debate 5 Implementation 6 Repeal 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Sources 8 2 Citations 9 External linksBackground EditMain article Abortion in the Republic of Ireland Under section 58 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 unlawfully attempting to procure a miscarriage was a crime punishable by up to life imprisonment 7 8 A 1983 amendment to the 1937 Constitution guaranteed to vindicate the right to life of the unborn with due regard for the equal right to life of the mother Proponents of the amendment believed that it would guarantee abortion could never be allowed in any circumstances However in 1992 the Supreme Court ruled in Attorney General v X that abortion was permitted where pregnancy presented a real and substantial risk to the life as distinct from the health of the mother including where the risk was through suicide 9 There were two attempts to amend the Constitution to explicitly rule out suicide as grounds for abortion These were rejected at referendums in 1992 and in 2002 some no voters felt the restriction was too strong and others that it was not strong enough No legislation was passed to amend the 1861 Act in the light of the 1992 judgment In December 2010 in the case A B and C v Ireland the European Court of Human Rights ECtHR ruled that the State had infringed a complainant s rights by not providing clear information on whether she was entitled to an abortion 10 The state had a year to respond officially and after the 2011 general election the coalition government decided in December 2011 to appoint an expert group to advise on how to implement the ECtHR judgment Following the death of Savita Halappanavar in Galway on 28 October 2012 of maternal sepsis after a miscarriage her husband and friends told local pro choice groups they blamed her death on the denial of her request for an abortion The Irish Times broke the story on 12 November and it fed into the wider abortion debate 11 12 13 On the day the story broke the Irish government confirmed that the expert group handed in its report to the Department of Health the night before 14 15 The committee offered four possibilities 1 non statutory guidelines 2 statutory regulations 3 legislation only and 4 legislation plus regulations 16 In December the government decided to pursue option 4 in the expert group s report legislation plus regulations 17 Provisions EditThe Act specified the number and specialty of medical practitioners who concurred that a termination was necessary to prevent a risk of death Those criteria differed in three scenarios Risk of loss of life from physical illness Two physicians one an obstetrician and the other a specialist in the field of the relevant condition concurred 18 For example if the woman had cancer the two physicians were an obstetrician and an oncologist Where relevant the specialists also consulted the woman s general practitioner GP The termination was an elective procedure performed at an appropriate institution Risk of loss of life from physical illness in emergency In a medical emergency a single physician provided the diagnosis and perform the termination 19 Risk of loss of life from suicide Three physicians concurred an obstetrician a psychiatrist with experience treating women during or after pregnancy and another psychiatrist 20 At least one of them should consult the woman s GP with her consent The termination was an elective procedure performed at an appropriate institution The physicians diagnosis had to be an opinion formed in good faith which has regard to the need to preserve unborn human life as far as practicable 21 Normal informed consent was required 22 Medical personnel with conscience objections to abortion were not required to participate in terminations but had to transfer care of a patient in such cases 23 All terminations were notified to the Minister for Health within 28 days 24 The Minister made an annual report of such notifications 25 Where a termination was requested but refused a woman could appeal to the Health Service Executive HSE 26 The HSE established a panel of at least 10 physicians 27 from whom a committee of two or three reviewed any application within three days 28 The committee members specialties depended on whether the condition was physical or mental in the same way as for the initial assessment 28 The HSE published an annual report on the review process 29 The Act also repealed sections 58 and 59 of the 1861 Act 30 these criminalised attempted or actual procurement of miscarriage and assisting such procurement It replaced them with a new offence of destruction of unborn human life with a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment 31 32 The director of a body corporate which performed such a procedure could be guilty of a similar offence 33 As required by the Constitution the right to travel abroad for abortion 13th amendment and to provide information about foreign abortion 14th amendment were protected 34 35 The Act defined the unborn whose life is protected as existing from implantation in the uterus until complete emergence from the body of the woman 36 Beginning at implantation conformed to a 2009 Supreme Court judgment on the beginning of pregnancy 37 38 rather than the Catholic view that personhood begins at conception The aim of specifying the uterus was to avoid criminalising emergency contraception or treatment of ectopic pregnancy 39 The Act empowered the Minister for Health to produce regulations detailing the procedures for all its provisions 40 A senior source at the National Maternity Hospital NMH told The Irish Times that terminations had been carried out there prior to the 2013 Act and that the change brought about by the Act would be to remove the fear of a possible Medical Council case 41 Approved locations Edit Except in an emergency a termination could only be carried out in an appropriate institution The Act listed several of these and empowered the Minister to specify others 42 The draft bill s list of approved institutions included only maternity hospitals but was extended to include other hospitals with intensive care units where the nearest maternity hospital did not have emergency medicine facilities 43 DublinBeaumont Hospital Coombe Women amp Infants University Hospital Mater Misericordiae University Hospital National Maternity Hospital Rotunda Hospital St James s Hospital St Vincent s University Hospital Tallaght University HospitalProvincialCavan General Hospital Cork University Hospital and Cork University Maternity Hospital Galway University Hospitals Kerry General Hospital Tralee Letterkenny General Hospital Mayo General Hospital Castlebar Midland Regional Hospital Mullingar Midland Regional Hospital Portlaoise Mid Western Regional Hospital Dooradoyle Mid Western Regional Maternity Hospital Limerick Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda Portiuncula Hospital Ballinasloe Sligo General Hospital St Luke s Hospital Kilkenny Tipperary University Hospital Clonmel Waterford Regional Hospital Wexford General HospitalEnactment EditThe bill was drafted by the Government and then introduced by it into the Oireachtas or parliament After both Houses of the Oireachtas passed it it was signed into law by the President Draft Edit In January 2013 the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Health and Children held three days of discussions with interest groups on the government s plans 44 45 46 The meeting was held in the chamber of the Seanad upper House rather than a committee room to allow more people to attend Journalist Stephen Collins commented that it was an unusual and positive step to hold such a discussion before the drafting of a bill by the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel to Government 47 Health Minister James Reilly said in January 2014 that the process had become now the standard for many bills 48 The draft of the bill was published in April 2013 49 The official announcement stated that the provisions of the proposed legislation being published were strictly within the parameters of the X case 50 In May 2013 the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Health and Children held three days of discussions on the draft bill with healthcare and legal professionals 51 52 53 Its report was laid before the Dail on 30 May 54 Dail stages Edit The bill was introduced in Dail Eireann the lower House of the Oireachtas on 16 June 2013 It was the subject of vigorous debate From the government parties TDs Terence Flanagan Peter Mathews Billy Timmins and Brian Walsh were expelled from the Fine Gael parliamentary party on 2 July 2013 after voting against the bill s second stage in defiance of a party whip 55 56 Lucinda Creighton was likewise expelled on 11 July for voting against the bill s report stage 57 she was also forced to resign as Minister of State for European Affairs 58 Michael McNamara of Labour also voted against the bill 59 but the party later explained this had been a mistake 58 From the opposition parties Peadar Toibin was suspended by Sinn Fein for six months after voting no against the whip 60 While Fianna Fail leader Micheal Martin favoured the bill the party s TDs demanded a free vote and 13 of 19 voted against This contributed to media reports that Martin s continued leadership of the party was in doubt 61 Six pro choice technical group TDs voted against the bill Clare Daly Joan Collins Richard Boyd Barrett Mick Wallace Joe Higgins and Luke Ming Flanagan 62 63 They argued instead for a referendum to repeal the 1983 Constitutional amendment which places the life of the mother and the unborn on an equal footing 63 Boyd Barrett criticised the exclusion of fatal foetal abnormality in the bill which he said will force women whose pregnancies will inevitably end in tragedy to go full term or travel overseas for terminations 63 At the bill s report stage 165 amendments were proposed 64 65 Faced with such a large number the government decided to let the debate run over the originally allocated time rather than using a guillotine motion to curtail it Such a motion might have prevented discussion of the bill s most contentious sections thereby increasing controversy 64 The report stage began at 11 50am on 10 July 66 and was adjourned at 5am the following morning 67 At about 2 40am as deputies were awaiting a division Tom Barry pulled Aine Collins a fellow Fine Gael TD for Cork East onto his lap Barry apologised publicly and was reprimanded by Fine Gael 68 69 70 He admitted having drunk alcohol before the incident but denied being drunk 71 Some politicians called for an end to the practice of the Oireachtas members private bar remaining open and serving alcohol whenever Oireachtas business is being conducted 72 73 Debate resumed at 5pm that evening 74 and concluded with the final vote at 12 25am on the morning of 12 July 62 The bill was finally approved by 127 votes to 31 62 75 76 Seanad stages Edit Six days were set aside for the bill s passage through the Seanad 75 77 It was introduced on Monday 15 July 2013 and passed its second stage the next day by 41 votes to 15 78 The No voters were 10 of the 14 Fianna Fail senators independents Feargal Quinn and Ronan Mullen Taoiseach s nominee Mary Ann O Brien and Fidelma Healy Eames and Paul Bradford who lost the Fine Gael whip 79 Jim Walsh quoted an anti abortion pamphlet s description of dilation and evacuation 80 which the bill s supporters criticised as inappropriate 81 82 Fianna Fail s Brian o Domhnaill claimed that allowing abortions in the case of foetal anomalies would deprive Ireland of future Special Olympics athletes He also remarked that Down Syndrome babies could be left to die on sterilised trays 83 The bill passed its final stage unamended on 23 July 2013 by 39 votes to 14 84 If the Seanad had rejected or amended the bill the Dail would have had to be recalled from its summer recess to consider the Seanad s changes 75 77 President Edit A bill passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas is sent to the President of Ireland to be signed into law There were suggestions that the Seanad might petition President Michael D Higgins to call an ordinary referendum on the bill 85 Paschal Donohoe suggested Higgins might refer the bill to the Supreme Court under Article 26 of the Constitution to test whether it is constitutional 86 The President is required to summon a meeting of the Council of State before any referral and on 24 July he called such a meeting for 29 July 87 Of the 24 members of the Council 21 attended 88 89 Of the three absentees Mary Robinson and John Bruton both made written submissions 89 the third Albert Reynolds had Alzheimer s disease 90 A bill allowed by the Supreme Court under Article 26 can never subsequently have its constitutionality challenged in court 89 News reports suggested that for this reason most members of the Council advised the President not to refer the bill to allow the Supreme Court to consider it in the light of specific future cases rather than abstract hypothetical cases 89 Higgins had until 31 July 2013 to either sign or refer the bill 88 89 in the event he signed it on 30 July without referral 3 Debate EditThe bill was criticised by commentators on both sides of the Irish abortion debate both for being too restrictive and for not being restrictive enough Jurist Gerry Whyte listed and critiqued five hypothetical grounds on which the Act could be argued to be unconstitutional the lack of explicit time limits the lack of an opt out for institutions as opposed to individuals with conscience objections the fact that a refused abortion can be appealed but an allowed abortion cannot the lack of allowance for fatal foetal abnormality and the possibility that the X case judgment is not binding with regard to allowing suicide as grounds 91 The Irish Catholic Bishops Conference wrote a series of pastoral letters condemning the bill 92 In May 2013 Fine Gael TD Tom Barry wrote to Cardinal Sean Brady and the nuncio Charles John Brown asking whether TDs would be excommunicated if they voted for the bill 93 Derek Keating s parish priest stopped him serving as minister of the Eucharist after he voted for the Act 94 Anti abortion commentators criticised the bill s lack of time limits Breda O Brien suggested doctors might induce labour of a borderline viable fetus resulting in permanent health problems associated with premature birth 95 Ronan Mullen suggested the prospect of medical malpractice lawsuits from such births might make doctors prefer late term abortion instead 96 Professor Fiona de Londras objected to the criteria for establishing risk being more onerous for suicide than for physical illness 97 Implementation EditMain article Abortion in the Republic of Ireland While the bill was still in progress the Department of Health published drafts of the Statutory Instruments for regulations to be introduced by the Minister for Health 98 Separate regulations deal with certification of appropriate institutions reporting of procedures performed and application for review of refused termination 98 In August 2013 Kevin Doran a priest on the board of governors of Mater Misericordiae University Hospital told The Irish Times it could not comply with the Act because of its Catholic ethos while a hospital spokesperson said it had not yet formulated a policy on the Act 99 The Irish Times suggested that opting out was permissible due to the deletion from the bill of an explicit requirement for approved institutions to facilitate terminations 43 The board held a four hour meeting on 17 September 100 and announced on 24 September that it would comply with the Act 101 Doran resigned from the board while a nun on the board said the hospital would not be performing abortions and expressed uncertainty about future decisions 100 102 A spokesperson for St Vincent s University Hospital which had Religious Sisters of Charity management said in August it would be following the law of the land 43 The other approved hospitals were managed by the HSE and so provided facilities as a matter of course 43 The Irish Times reported on 23 August 2013 that the first abortion under the terms of the Act had been performed several weeks earlier at the NMH 41 103 In fact although the act had been passed it had not commenced 104 The NMH story was investigated for possible breach of information privacy law 105 On 31 August The Irish Times withdrew its story and stated the case described in the article did not happen 103 The Department of Health stated that commencement of the Act would not occur until the finalisation of the regulations required to implement its provisions 106 The department established an expert committee comprising twelve people including ten medical specialists 5 It first met on 24 September 2013 and was originally expected to report within three months 5 106 One task was appointing doctors to the review and appeals panels required by the Act which was accomplished by December 5 107 On 19 December 2013 Minister Reilly signed several statutory instruments those specifying regulations for certification review and notification of decisions and a commencement order specifying 1 January 2014 as the date the Act and regulations would come into force 4 108 109 110 111 Separate from the administrative regulations are the clinical guidelines for physicians to determine whether a given case met the legal criteria specified by the Act 5 106 These were not in place when the Act commenced 112 There was criticism of the decision to commence the Act and regulations before the guidelines have been established 5 The College of Psychiatrists advised members not to participate in assessments for risk of loss of life from suicide until the guidelines had been published 113 The Irish Times reported in January 2014 that the guidelines were being drafted by the Medical Council 112 on 3 July 2014 it reported that they had been drawn up by the Department of Health and circulated to healthcare professionals 114 In August 2014 media reported on Ms Y who in July had a Caesarean section after 24 weeks gestation despite having requested an abortion and being suicidal 115 A revised version of the June guidelines was published on 19 September 2014 116 The Irish Times commented that the guidelines differed from those circulated in July and appear to go further than the Act in prescribing C section and early induction Minister for Health Leo Varadkar denied the Ms Y case had influenced them 117 ON 29 October 2014 the Government made a submission to the Council of Europe on its response to the A B and C v Ireland judgment summarizing the Act and ensuing regulations and publicity and stating that the Health Service Executive would be producing a patient information leaflet for women 118 On 4 December 2014 the Council s Committee of Ministers closed the case as resolved 119 120 The first annual report on the Act s operation covering the calendar year 2014 was laid before the Dail on 29 June 2015 by the Minister for Health 121 The report revealed that in 2014 there had been 26 terminations in the state under the Act s provisions of which three were on grounds of risk of suicide 121 122 123 Annual Reports of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Foryear Report date Number of terminations by risk Appeals RefsSuicide Emergency Other illness Total Made Upheld2014 29 June 2015 3 9 14 26 1 0 124 2015 29 June 2016 3 9 14 26 1 1 125 2016 29 June 2017 1 16 8 25 1 1 126 2017 28 June 2018 2 5 8 15 1 1 127 2018 27 June 2019 1 13 18 32 0 0 128 In 2017 news media reported the case of an adolescent who was detained for several days under the Mental Health Act by the District Court on the evidence of psychiatrist that her distress at being pregnant placed her at risk of suicide The girl had asked for a termination and became agitated upon discovering she was being transferred to a mental health unit rather than to an abortion facility She was discharged after a psychiatrist employed by her guardian ad litem found no evidence of a mental health disorder Pro choice advocates said the incident highlighted the deficiencies of the 2013 act 129 130 The Irish Times quoted psychiatrists describing the act as unworkable or a lottery 131 Repeal EditMain article Health Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy Act 2018 In February 2015 Clare Daly s private member s bill to amend the 2013 act to allow abortion in cases of fatal foetal abnormality was rejected in the Dail the government argued that the bill was unconstitutional which Daly disputed 132 133 134 The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Amendment Bill 2017 introduced by pro choice TDs from AAA PBP and the Green Party proposed to reduce the prescribed punishment for unlawful destruction of human life from the maximum 14 year prison sentence specified in the 2013 Act to a fine of up to 1 135 The intention was to provide minimal compliance with the constitutional requirement to outlaw abortion while removing any deterrent effect The bill was rejected by the Fine Gael independent coalition that the bill was unconstitutional as the new penalty would not defend and vindicate the unborn s right to life as far as practicable Simon Harris the Minister for Health said The clear advice of the Attorney General which I am sharing with the House is that this Bill fails to discharge the State s obligations under Article 40 3 3 of the Constitution and would if passed be likely to be subject to immediate successful legal challenge 136 137 The Dail resolved to decline a second reading for the bill and to wait for the Citizens Assembly to report on the 8th Amendment 138 The Citizens Assembly voted on 22 April 2017 to recommend replacing the text of Article 40 3 3 with a mandate for the Oireachtas to regulate terminations 139 The recommendation was formally reported to the Oireachtas on 29 June 2017 139 and effected by the 36th Amendment of the Constitution approved at a referendum on 25 May 2018 by 66 4 of voters and signed into law on 18 September 2018 The Health Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy Act 2018 was then enacted by the Oireachtas It repealed the 2013 Act while re enacting a similar regulatory framework for terminations between 12 weeks gestation and viability which are permitted for a risk to the life or of serious harm to the health of the pregnant woman The 2018 Act also permits terminations before 12 weeks for any reason and at any time for fatal foetal abnormality The 2018 Act was signed into law on 20 December 2018 and commenced on 1 January 2019 whereupon the 2013 Act was repealed See also EditAbortion in the Republic of Ireland Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Twenty fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2001 Death of Savita Halappanavar Attorney General v X Ms Y A B and C v IrelandReferences EditSources Edit General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 PDF Irish Government News Service 30 April 2013 Retrieved 11 February 2015 Department of Health June 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 as initiated Explanatory Memorandum PDF Oireachtas Retrieved 3 November 2015 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Number 35 of 2013 Irish Statute Book Attorney General of Ireland 30 July 2013 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Citations Edit Legislation Signed by President Higgins 2013 Office of the President Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 Retrieved 3 August 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Number 66 of 2013 Bills 1992 2013 Oireachtas Retrieved 12 July 2013 a b President Higgins signs abortion bill into law Irish Independent 30 July 2013 Retrieved 30 July 2013 a b Commencement Order and Regulations for the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Department of Health and Children 20 December 2013 Archived from the original on 20 December 2013 Retrieved 20 December 2013 a b c d e f Brennan Michael 2 January 2014 Reilly criticised over abortion guidelines delay Evening Herald Retrieved 2 January 2014 Abortion the law Citizens Information 24 December 2018 Retrieved 28 December 2018 Department of Health 21 December 2018 Tweet 1076101494284390401 Twitter Retrieved 2 January 2019 Minister for Health SimonHarrisTD has signed the commencement orders for the Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy New services will be available from January 1st 2019 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 sec 58 UK Statute Law Database Retrieved 12 July 2013 1861 British Public Statutes Irish Statute Book Attorney General of Ireland Retrieved 12 July 2013 A G v X 1992 IESC 1 1992 1 IR 1 BAILII 5 March 1992 Retrieved 12 July 2013 CASE OF A B AND C v IRELAND Application no 25579 05 HUDOC ECtHR Retrieved 12 July 2013 Galway Pro Choice Were Approached by Savita s Friends Galway Pro Choice 21 November 2012 Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 11 February 2015 Holland Kitty 2013 Savita The Tragedy that Shook a Nation Transworld Ireland p 70 ISBN 978 1848271838 Reilly Jerome 18 November 2012 Pro choice activists got tip off on tragic death Irish Independent Taoiseach Expert group delivered abortion report last night Breaking News ie 14 November 2012 Retrieved 10 March 2017 Taoiseach Expert group delivered abortion report last night Irish Examiner 14 November 2012 Retrieved 10 March 2017 REPORT OF THE EXPERT GROUP ON THE JUDGMENT IN A B AND C V IRELAND PDF Department of Health and Children November 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 2 December 2012 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Reilly Gavan 18 December 2012 Government will legislate to allow abortion in line with X Case ruling Retrieved 12 July 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 7 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 8 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 9 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 7 1 a ii 8 1 b 9 1 a ii Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 16 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 17 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 20 1 3 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 20 4 7 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 10 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 11 a b Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 12 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 15 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 5 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 22 General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 pp 33 34 Head 19 Offence Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 23 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 18 General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 p 25 Head 13 Travel and Information Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 2 1 General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 p 5 Unborn Roche v Roche amp ors 2009 IESC 82 BAILII 15 December 2009 Retrieved 16 July 2013 General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 p 4 Implantation Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 3 4 a b Cullen Paul 23 August 2013 First abortion carried out under new legislation The Irish Times p 1 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 3 and Schedule a b c d Holland Kitty 8 August 2013 Late change could allow Mater opt out of providing abortions The Irish Times Retrieved 8 August 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children Implementation of Government Decision Following Expert Group Report into Matters Relating to A B and C v Ireland 8 January 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children 9 January 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children 10 January 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Collins Stephen 13 July 2013 Abortion debate points way to long overdue Dail reform The Irish Times Retrieved 14 July 2013 Sheehan Fionnan 1 January 2014 Abortion law comes into effect without guidelines Independent ie Irish Independent Retrieved 2 January 2014 General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Government Publishes General Scheme of the Protection of Life during Pregnancy Bill 2013 Irish Government News Service 30 April 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children Table of Contents 17 May 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children Table of Contents 20 May 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children Table of Contents 21 May 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Joint Committee on Health and Children 30 May 2013 Report on Protection of life in pregnancy bill 2013 heads of volume 1 PDF Documents laid Oireachtas Retrieved 10 July 2014 and Joint Committee on Health and Children 30 May 2013 Report on Protection of life in pregnancy bill 2013 heads of volume 2 PDF Documents laid Oireachtas Retrieved 10 July 2014 Abortion law moves one step closer Irish Independent 2 July 2013 Fine Gael expels four TDs for voting against abortion Bill The Irish Times 3 July 2013 Creighton votes against Govt in abortion debate RTE News 11 July 2013 a b Byrne Luke 12 July 2013 Taoiseach forced me to quit says Lucinda Evening Herald Retrieved 13 July 2013 Hand Lise 11 July 2013 McNamara vote provides last minute shock in sea of predictability Irish Independent Retrieved 13 July 2013 TD Toibin out of Sinn Fein for six months Meath Chronicle 12 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Corcoran Jody 4 August 2013 Fianna Fail group aims to oust Micheal Martin Irish Independent Retrieved 5 August 2013 a b c Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Report Stage Resumed and Final Stage Continued Dail Eireann debates 11 12 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 a b c Six pro choice TDs will vote against the abortion bill tonight TheJournal ie 10 July 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 a b 165 amendments to abortion legislation submitted RTE News RTE ie 9 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Report Amendments PDF Oireachtas 12 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Business of Dail Dail Eireann debates 10 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Report Stage Resumed Dail Eireann debates 10 11 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 TD Barry apologises for pulling Collins onto lap Irish Times 2013 07 11 Horseplay TD Tom Barry mortified by his actions Irish Independent 2013 07 12 Tom Barry severely reprimanded by Fine Gael RTE ie 12 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Riegel Ralph 16 July 2013 Lapgate TD Tom Barry slams heavy drinking claims BelfastTelegraph co uk The Belfast Telegraph Retrieved 16 July 2013 Adams Dail bar should be subject to normal licensing laws Irish Examiner 13 July 2013 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Murphy Cormac 15 July 2013 Lapgate stirs critics of late Dail boozing Evening Herald Retrieved 16 July 2013 Thirty third Amendment of the Constitution Court of Appeal Bill 2013 Second Stage Continued Dail Eireann debates 11 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Sitting suspended at 4 p m and resumed at 5 p m a b c Dail votes in favour of abortion legislation RTE ie 12 July 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Ireland s parliament approves life saving abortion BBC News 12 July 2013 a b O Halloran Marie 12 July 2013 Six days set aside for Seanad abortion Bill debate The Irish Times Retrieved 12 July 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Second Stage Resumed Continued Seanad Eireann debates Oireachtas 16 July 2013 p 41 Retrieved 17 July 2013 Carbery Genevieve 16 July 2013 Two Fine Gael senators vote against whip on abortion The Irish Times Retrieved 16 July 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Second Stage Resumed Continued Seanad Eireann debates 16 July 2013 p 36 Retrieved 17 July 2013 Crosbie Judith 17 July 2013 Graphic description of abortion inappropriate says Gilmore The Irish Times Retrieved 17 July 2013 Lord Miriam 17 July 2013 The air froze in the chamber Walsh s input was disgusting The Irish Times Retrieved 17 July 2013 Senator Abortions would deprive future Special Olympians of life Irish Times Retrieved 18 July 2013 O Halloran Marie 23 July 2013 Seanad passes abortion legislation by 39 votes to 14 The Irish Times Retrieved 23 July 2013 TDs to bring abortion legislation to referendum Irish Examiner 23 June 2013 Retrieved 23 June 2013 Donohoe Supreme Court referral would clarify issues on abortion bill Irish Examiner 12 July 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 McGee Harry 24 July 2013 Higgins to consult Council of State on abortion Bill The Irish Times Retrieved 24 July 2013 a b McGee Harry 30 July 2013 Higgins to announce decision on abortion Bill tomorrow The Irish Times Retrieved 30 July 2013 a b c d e Sheahan Fionnan 30 July 2013 Higgins urged by advisers to sign abortion bill into law Irish Independent Retrieved 30 July 2013 Bray Allison 4 March 2013 Reynolds on the mend after weeks in intensive care Irish Independent Retrieved 30 July 2013 Whyte Gerry 18 July 2013 Five issues could prompt referral of abortion legislation to Supreme Court The Irish Times Retrieved 18 July 2013 Issue 8 of Choose Life Newsletter now available Irish Catholic Bishops Conference 11 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Barry questions Cardinal Will Government TDs be excommunicated Cork Independent 16 May 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 McDowell Michael 27 October 2013 Church and politics both need doctrine of reform Irish Independent Retrieved 6 January 2014 O Brien Breda 6 July 2013 Fatally flawed legislation will not put abortion to bed The Irish Times Retrieved 16 July 2013 In a couple of decades there will be young adults appearing before tribunals passionately demanding to know why they as perfectly healthy unborn children were singled out for deliberate premature delivery and left blind disabled or suffering from cerebral palsy O Halloran Marie 16 July 2013 Doctors may use abortion over early delivery to avoid liability if baby disabled Seanad told The Irish Times Retrieved 16 July 2013 de Londras Fiona 2013 Suicide and Abortion Analysing the Legislative Options in Ireland Medico Legal Journal of Ireland 19 1 4 a b Preliminary draft of regulations to be made under the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Publications Ireland Department of Health Archived from the original on 5 August 2013 Retrieved 5 August 2013 Holland Kitty 7 August 2013 Priest on Mater board says hospital cannot carry out abortions The Irish Times Retrieved 7 August 2013 a b Holland Kitty Mater won t be performing abortions religious board member stresses The Irish Times Retrieved 3 October 2013 Holland Kitty 25 September 2013 Mater hospital to comply with legislation Hospital says it has carefully considered Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act The Irish Times Retrieved 27 September 2013 Fr Kevin Doran resigns from Mater Hospital board over new abortion law Irish Independent 2 October 2013 Retrieved 2 October 2013 a b Correction National Maternity Hospital The Irish Times 31 August 2013 p 7 Retrieved 1 September 2013 Termination of twins did not take place under new abortion laws breakingnews ie 23 August 2013 Retrieved 27 August 2013 Hospital contacted over abortion report data leak RTE ie 27 August 2013 Retrieved 27 August 2013 a b c O Regan Eilish 27 September 2013 Abortion rules won t be ready for three months Irish Independent Retrieved 27 September 2013 Cullen Paul 24 August 2013 Abortion legislation not yet commenced The Irish Times Retrieved 1 September 2013 S I No 537 of 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Commencement Order Statutory Instruments Attorney General s office 19 December 2013 Retrieved 20 February 2014 S I No 538 of 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Certification Regulations Statutory Instruments Attorney General s office 19 December 2013 Retrieved 20 February 2014 S I No 539 of 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Section 10 Application for review of medical opinion Regulations Statutory Instruments Attorney General s office 19 December 2013 Retrieved 20 February 2014 S I No 546 of 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Section 20 Notifications Regulations Statutory Instruments Attorney General s office 19 December 2013 Retrieved 20 February 2014 a b Gartland Fiona 2 January 2014 Medical Council to bring out new guidelines following commencement of abortion law The Irish Times Retrieved 2 January 2014 Holland Kitty 3 January 2014 College tells psychiatrists not to do abortion assessments The Irish Times Retrieved 3 January 2014 Holland Kitty 3 July 2014 Detailed guidelines on legal abortion released The Irish Times Retrieved 3 July 2014 Holland Kitty 23 August 2014 Rape victim didn t have a choice The Irish Times Retrieved 21 September 2014 Implementation of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Guidance Document for Health Professionals Department of Health 19 September 2014 Retrieved 21 September 2014 Holland Kitty 20 September 2014 Abortion guidelines provide for induction or Caesarean section The Irish Times Retrieved 21 September 2014 Communication from Ireland concerning the A B and C case against Ireland Application n 25579 09 Committee of Ministers 1214 meeting 2 4 December 2014 Council of Europe 29 October 2014 pp DH DD 2014 1314 Retrieved 5 December 2014 Committee of Ministers 4 December 2014 Resolution CM ResDH 2014 273 Case no 9 A B and C v Ireland 1214th meeting Council of Europe Retrieved 5 December 2014 Lynch Suzanne 5 December 2014 Council of Europe closes case against Ireland on abortion The Irish Times Retrieved 5 December 2014 a b 26 pregnancies terminated in Ireland last year Irish Examiner 29 June 2015 Retrieved 29 June 2015 Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Press release Department of Health 29 June 2015 Retrieved 29 June 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2014 PDF Notifications in Accordance with Section 20 of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Department of Health 29 June 2015 Retrieved 29 June 2015 Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Press release Department of Health 29 June 2015 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Second Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Press release Department of Health 29 June 2016 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Third Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 laid before the Houses of the Oireachtas Press release Department of Health 29 June 2017 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Press release Department of Health 28 June 2018 Retrieved 2 January 2019 Annual Report of notifications in accordance with the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Press release Department of Health 27 June 2019 Retrieved 27 June 2019 12 Order detaining pregnant girl seeking abortion discharged Case Histories 2017 Volume 1 Child Care Law Reporting Project June 2017 Pregnant young girl detained under Mental Health Act after seeking abortion report Irish Examiner 12 June 2017 Retrieved 12 June 2017 Holland Kitty 13 June 2017 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act is unworkable The Irish Times Retrieved 13 June 2017 Protection of Life in Pregnancy Amendment Fatal Foetal Abnormalities Bill 2013 Second Stage Resumed Private Members Dail Eireann debates 10 February 2015 Retrieved 11 February 2015 O Connell Hugh 10 February 2015 A shameful abandonment Just one Labour TD defies party as Clare Daly s abortion bill voted down TheJournal ie Retrieved 11 February 2015 Protection of Life in Pregnancy Amendment Fatal Foetal Abnormalities Bill 2013 PMB Bills 1997 2015 Oireachtas Retrieved 23 October 2022 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Amendment Bill 2017 PMB Bills Oireachtas Retrieved 23 October 2022 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Amendment Bill 2017 Second Stage Private Members Dail debates KildareStreet com 7 March 2017 Retrieved 8 March 2017 Zappone to support abortion bill reasoned amendment RTE ie 8 March 2017 Retrieved 8 March 2017 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Amendment Bill 2017 Second Stage Resumed Private Members Dail debates Oireachtas 9 March 2017 Retrieved 10 March 2017 a b The Citizens Assembly Publishes Report and Recommendations on the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution Press release Citizens Assembly 29 June 2017 Retrieved 29 June 2017 External links Edit Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 Number 35 of 2013 Irish Statute Book Attorney General of Ireland 30 July 2013 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 Number 66 of 2013 Bills 1992 2013 Oireachtas Retrieved 12 July 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 amp oldid 1162007019, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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