Surinamese people are people who identify with the country of Suriname. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Surinamese, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Surinamese.
Suriname is a multiethnic and multilingual society, home to people of various ethnic, racial, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. As a result, the Surinamese do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Suriname. Aside from the indigenous population, nearly all Surinamese or their ancestors arrived since the Age of Discovery and establishment of the colony of Surinam, primarily from Africa, Europe and Asia.
Afro-Surinamese form about 37% of the population, and are usually divided into two groups:
The Creoles (15.7%). These are descendants of enslaved Africans who also have some admixture from the European (mostly Dutch), Spanish, Portuguese and Jewish colonists
The Maroons (21.7%). These are descendants of enslaved Africans who managed to escape and set up a living in the Amazon jungle. The two main Maroon tribes are the Aukan and Saramaccans. Other smaller tribes include the Aluku, Paramaccan, Kwinti and Matawai tribe.
Chinese Surinamese, mainly descendants of the earliest 19th-century indentured workers. The 1990s and early 21st century saw renewed immigration on a large scale. In the year 2011 there were over 40,000 Chinese in Suriname.[12]
The Boeroes (derived from boer, the Dutch word for "farmer") make up the largest group of European Surinamese. They are descendants of 19th-century immigrant Dutch farmers.
Multiracial Surinamese form 13.4% of the Surinamese population.[13]
Populationedit
Most of the inhabitants live in the north of the country, in the districts of Paramaribo, Wanica and Nickerie. The least populated county is Sipaliwini, which covers most of the nation's interior and is sparsely inhabited. More than half of the population lives in and around the capital.
Migration to the Netherlands began during the colonial era. Initially this was mainly the colonial elite but expanded during the 1920s and 1930s to include other inhabitants looking for better education, employment, or other opportunities.[14]
Approximately 350,000 individuals of Surinamese descent now live in the Netherlands, with mass migration beginning in the years leading up to Suriname's independence in 1975, and continuing during military rule in the 1980s and for largely economic reasons extended throughout the 1990s. Other emigration destinations include French Guiana and the United States.
Languagesedit
In Suriname, there are no fewer than twenty languages spoken. Most Surinamese are multilingual. In terms of numbers of speakers are the main languages in Suriname, successively the Dutch language, Sranan Tongo (Surinamese Creole), Sarnami (Surinamese Hindustani), Surinamese-Javanese, and different Maroon languages (especially Saramaccan and Aukan). Since most Surinamese people are multilingual (for instance Dutch and Sranan Tongo), the society functions as a diglossia, where Dutch is the standardized and formal prestige register and Sranan Tongo generally the informal street vernacular.[15] Dutch serves as the language of law, government, business, media and education.[16]
According to the results of the seventh general population and housing census, which was held in 2004, Dutch is the most spoken home language in the country, at around 60% of the population speaking it at home.[17] A further 24% of the population speaks Dutch as a second language.[18][17] Sranan Tongo, is spoken primarily as a second language in 46% of households, along with 22% Sarnami Hindustani and 11% Javanese.
Religionedit
The following religious statistics have been reported as of 2012:[19]
^As Surinamese is primarily a national identity made up of various ethnic and religious groups, a large number of mutually unintelligible languages are spoken in the country and by the Surinamese diaspora. Other than Dutch and Sranan Tongo, these are not spoken by the majority but rather only within the racial or ethnic minority group, even though Sranan Tongo is mostly spoken by the Creoles. Dutch, as the language of law, education, media and business, and Sranan Tongo, as the most widely spoken vernacular.
^"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
^"CBS StatLine - Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en , 1 januari". Statline.cbs.nl. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
^"The Netherlands and Suriname are closely linked". Government.nl. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
^. Parbode. Archived from the original on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
^ abc "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination".
^"Surinamesi in Italia 2023". Retrieved 26 December 2023.
^(in Indonesian)Orang Jawa di Suriname (Javanese in Suriname) 2011-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, kompasiana. Access date:26 March 2011
^Romero, Simon. "With Aid and Migrants, China Expands Its Presence in a South American Nation", The New York Times, 10 April 2011.
^"Census statistieken 2012". Statistics-suriname.org. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^Gert Oostindie en Emy Maduro, In het land van de overheerser - II - Antillianen en Surinamers in Nederland 1634/1667-1954 (KITLV; Leiden 1986)
^Romero, Simon (23 March 2008). "In Babel of Tongues, Suriname Seeks Itself". The New York Times.
^"Suriname". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
^ ab"Het Nederlandse taalgebied" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 2005. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
^Source: Zevende algemene volks- en woningtelling 2004, Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek
^2012 Suriname Census Definitive Results. Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek – Suriname.
January 19, 2024
surinamese, people, people, identify, with, country, suriname, this, connection, residential, legal, historical, cultural, most, surinamese, several, these, connections, exist, collectively, source, their, being, surinamese, flag, surinametotal, populationc, 0. Surinamese people are people who identify with the country of Suriname This connection may be residential legal historical or cultural For most Surinamese several or all of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Surinamese Surinamese peopleFlag of SurinameTotal populationc 1 000 000Regions with significant populations Suriname612 985 1 2 Netherlands349 978 3 4 French Guiana32 412 5 Belgium20 000 6 United States14 555 5 Guyana4 662 7 Aruba3 000 8 Canada1 005 5 Indonesia1 000 5 Guyana3 000 9 France28 000 9 Belgium5 000 9 Italy7 10 LanguagesDutch Sranan Tongo a Sarnami Hindustani English Ndyuka Saramaccan Matawai Aluku Paramaccan Kwinti Surinamese Javanese Chinese Hakka Akurio Arawak Lokono Carib Kari nja Sikiana Kashuyana Tiro Tiriyo Waiwai Warao WayanaReligionChristianity Hinduism Islam Winti Kejawen Indigenous Amerindian religion IrreligiousSuriname is a multiethnic and multilingual society home to people of various ethnic racial religious and national origins with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants As a result the Surinamese do not equate their nationality with ethnicity but with citizenship and allegiance to Suriname Aside from the indigenous population nearly all Surinamese or their ancestors arrived since the Age of Discovery and establishment of the colony of Surinam primarily from Africa Europe and Asia Contents 1 Ethnic groups 2 Population 3 Emigration 4 Languages 5 Religion 6 ReferencesEthnic groups editThe population of Suriname is made up of various distinguishable ethnic groups Indigenous Surinamese the original inhabitants of Suriname form 3 7 of the population The main groups are the Akurio Arawak Kalina Caribs Tiriyo and Wayana Afro Surinamese form about 37 of the population and are usually divided into two groups The Creoles 15 7 These are descendants of enslaved Africans who also have some admixture from the European mostly Dutch Spanish Portuguese and Jewish colonists The Maroons 21 7 These are descendants of enslaved Africans who managed to escape and set up a living in the Amazon jungle The two main Maroon tribes are the Aukan and Saramaccans Other smaller tribes include the Aluku Paramaccan Kwinti and Matawai tribe Indo Surinamese form 27 of the population They are descendants of 19th century indentured workers from British India who came to work on the sugar estates of Surinam They are mostly from the present day Indian states of Bihar Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh in Northern India Javanese Surinamese descendants of indentured workers from the Dutch East Indies present Indonesia on the island of Java 11 form 14 of the population Chinese Surinamese mainly descendants of the earliest 19th century indentured workers The 1990s and early 21st century saw renewed immigration on a large scale In the year 2011 there were over 40 000 Chinese in Suriname 12 European Surinamese make up 1 of the Surinamese population The Boeroes derived from boer the Dutch word for farmer make up the largest group of European Surinamese They are descendants of 19th century immigrant Dutch farmers The Portuguese Surinamese from Madeira are descendants of indentured workers from Madeira in 1853 Lebanese Surinamese primarily Maronites from Lebanon Jews of Sephardic and Ashkenazi origin In their history Jodensavanne plays a major role Many Jews are mixed with other ethnicities Multiracial Surinamese form 13 4 of the Surinamese population 13 Population editMost of the inhabitants live in the north of the country in the districts of Paramaribo Wanica and Nickerie The least populated county is Sipaliwini which covers most of the nation s interior and is sparsely inhabited More than half of the population lives in and around the capital Emigration editFurther information Surinamese people in the Netherlands Migration to the Netherlands began during the colonial era Initially this was mainly the colonial elite but expanded during the 1920s and 1930s to include other inhabitants looking for better education employment or other opportunities 14 Approximately 350 000 individuals of Surinamese descent now live in the Netherlands with mass migration beginning in the years leading up to Suriname s independence in 1975 and continuing during military rule in the 1980s and for largely economic reasons extended throughout the 1990s Other emigration destinations include French Guiana and the United States Languages editIn Suriname there are no fewer than twenty languages spoken Most Surinamese are multilingual In terms of numbers of speakers are the main languages in Suriname successively the Dutch language Sranan Tongo Surinamese Creole Sarnami Surinamese Hindustani Surinamese Javanese and different Maroon languages especially Saramaccan and Aukan Since most Surinamese people are multilingual for instance Dutch and Sranan Tongo the society functions as a diglossia where Dutch is the standardized and formal prestige register and Sranan Tongo generally the informal street vernacular 15 Dutch serves as the language of law government business media and education 16 According to the results of the seventh general population and housing census which was held in 2004 Dutch is the most spoken home language in the country at around 60 of the population speaking it at home 17 A further 24 of the population speaks Dutch as a second language 18 17 Sranan Tongo is spoken primarily as a second language in 46 of households along with 22 Sarnami Hindustani and 11 Javanese Religion editThe following religious statistics have been reported as of 2012 19 48 4 Christianity 26 8 Protestant and 21 6 Roman Catholic 22 3 Hinduism Sanatani and Arya Samaj 13 9 Islam Sunnism Sufism and Ahmadiyya 4 7 Other 10 7 NoneReferences edit As Surinamese is primarily a national identity made up of various ethnic and religious groups a large number of mutually unintelligible languages are spoken in the country and by the Surinamese diaspora Other than Dutch and Sranan Tongo these are not spoken by the majority but rather only within the racial or ethnic minority group even though Sranan Tongo is mostly spoken by the Creoles Dutch as the language of law education media and business and Sranan Tongo as the most widely spoken vernacular World Population Prospects 2022 population un org United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Retrieved July 17 2022 World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region subregion and country annually for 1950 2100 XSLX population un org Total Population as of 1 July thousands United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Retrieved July 17 2022 CBS StatLine Bevolking generatie geslacht leeftijd en 1 januari Statline cbs nl Retrieved 5 October 2017 The Netherlands and Suriname are closely linked Government nl Retrieved 18 November 2011 a b c d International Organization for Migration Radio 10 Precieze cijfers illegale Surinamers in Belgie nu in kaart gebracht Guyana Migration Profiles PDF Surinamers op Aruba Parbode Archived from the original on 2016 08 25 Retrieved 15 April 2015 a b c Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination Surinamesi in Italia 2023 Retrieved 26 December 2023 in Indonesian Orang Jawa di Suriname Javanese in Suriname Archived 2011 03 16 at the Wayback Machine kompasiana Access date 26 March 2011 Romero Simon With Aid and Migrants China Expands Its Presence in a South American Nation The New York Times 10 April 2011 Census statistieken 2012 Statistics suriname org Retrieved 13 July 2014 Gert Oostindie en Emy Maduro In het land van de overheerser II Antillianen en Surinamers in Nederland 1634 1667 1954 KITLV Leiden 1986 Romero Simon 23 March 2008 In Babel of Tongues Suriname Seeks Itself The New York Times Suriname The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency 2013 Retrieved 4 August 2013 a b Het Nederlandse taalgebied in Dutch Nederlandse Taalunie 2005 Retrieved 4 November 2008 Source Zevende algemene volks en woningtelling 2004 Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek 2012 Suriname Census Definitive Results Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek Suriname Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Surinamese people amp oldid 1195890007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
