Saharanpur
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Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.
Saharanpur | |
|---|---|
Saharanpur Location in Uttar Pradesh, India Saharanpur Saharanpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°57′50″N 77°32′46″E / 29.964°N 77.546°ECoordinates: 29°57′50″N 77°32′46″E / 29.964°N 77.546°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Saharanpur |
| Government | |
| • MP | Haji Fazlur Rehman |
| • Mayor | Sanjeev Walia[1] |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 705,478 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 247001/02 |
| Telephone code | 0132 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-11 |
| Airport | Sarsawa Airport |
| Sex ratio | 1000/898 ♂/♀ |
| Website | saharanpur |
Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.[2]
Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by MOUD as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India.
Geography and climate
Saharanpur is located at 29°58′N 77°33′E / 29.97°N 77.55°E, about 140 kilometres (87 mi) south-southeast of Chandigarh, 170 kilometres (110 mi) north-northeast of Delhi, 65 kilometres (40 mi) north-northeast of Shamli and about 61 kilometres (38 mi) south-west of Dehradun. It has an average elevation of 269 metres (883 ft). Saharanpur is a part of a geographical doab region. Saharanpur district join four states together Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana.
| Climate data for Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 22 (72) | 28 (82) | 35 (95) | 38 (100) | 37 (99) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 26 (79) | 21 (70) | 30 (86) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13 (55) | 15 (59) | 20 (68) | 26 (79) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 23 (73) | 18 (64) | 13 (55) | 23 (73) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 6 (43) | 8 (46) | 12 (54) | 18 (64) | 23 (73) | 26 (79) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 22 (72) | 16 (61) | 10 (50) | 6 (43) | 16 (61) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) | 40 (1.6) | 20 (0.8) | 10 (0.4) | 10 (0.4) | 70 (2.8) | 240 (9.4) | 200 (7.9) | 120 (4.7) | 20 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.4) | 830 (32.7) |
| Average precipitation days | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 30.3 |
| Source: Weatherbase[3] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 66,254 | — |
| 1911 | 62,850 | −5.1% |
| 1921 | 62,261 | −0.9% |
| 1931 | 78,665 | +26.3% |
| 1941 | 105,622 | +34.3% |
| 1951 | 148,435 | +40.5% |
| 1961 | 185,213 | +24.8% |
| 1971 | 225,396 | +21.7% |
| 1981 | 295,355 | +31.0% |
| 1991 | 374,945 | +26.9% |
| 2001 | 455,754 | +21.6% |
| 2011 | 705,478 | +54.8% |
| Source: [4]: 470–471 | ||
According to the 2011 Indian census, Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits.[5]: 26–27 The city is spread over an area of 46.74 km2 (18.05 sq mi) and with a population density of 15,093.67/km2 (39,092.4/sq mi), is the eleventh most populous city in Uttar Pradesh.[6] Saharanpur had a population of 455,754 in 2001 and 374,945 in 1991.[4]
Males constitute of 52.7% of the total population while females constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a sex ratio of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively.[5] There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.[4]
Roughly half of the city's population are Hindus, who form a slight majority, while Muslims constitute about forty five percent of the total population. Sikhs and Jains are also present in smaller numbers.[7]
The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is Hindi, which along with Urdu is the official language of Uttar Pradesh.[8] There are significant numbers of Urdu and Punjabi speakers, while Haryanvi is also spoken by some people.[9] The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the Khari Boli dialect.[10]
Government and politics
Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.[11] The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 wards,[12] represented by 70 councillors who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.[13] The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Ms.Gazal Bharadwaj[14] while the head of the elected wing is the Mayor Sanjeev Walia from the BJP.[15][16]
The city is also part of the Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency, which elected Haji Fazlur Rehman from the Bahujan Samaj Party in 2019 as the Member of Parliament,[17][18] and part of the Saharanpur Assembly constituency that elected Ashu Malik from the Samajwadi Party in 2022 as the MLA.[19]
Civic utilities
There is only one sewage treatment plant located in Saharanpur,[20] while most of the waste water is discharged into the Hindon river, further polluting it.[21]
Culture
Places of interest
Company Garden
The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the British East India Company[22] and placed under the authority of the District Surgeon. Joseph Dalton Hooker says of this Botanical Garden that "Amongst its greatest triumphs may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that the establishment of the tea-trade in the Himalaya and Assam is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of Calcutta and Seharunpore."[23]
In 1887, when the Botanical Survey of India was set up to reform the country's botanical sciences, Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian flora. The Garden is seen historically as being second only to the Calcutta Gardens for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers.[24]
Shakumbari Devi Temple
Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh.[25] It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit the temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth of maa Durga.[26]
Transport
Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur — NH 709B and NH 344. The NH 709B originates in Saharanpur and connects it to Delhi via Shamli and Baghpat,[27] while the NH 344 connects Saharanpur with Ambala, Yamunanagar and Roorkee.[28] Uttar Pradesh State Highway 57, commonly known as Delhi-Yamunotri highway, also passes through the city.[29] The Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway has also been proposed, which will be ready by March 2024.[30][31]
Saharanpur Junction is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of Ambala railway division of the Northern Railways,[32] and is located at the junction of Moradabad–Ambala line, Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line and the Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line. Saharanpur was connected with rail lines when the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the 483-kilometre-long (300 mi) Amritsar–Ambala–Saharanpur–Ghaziabad line in 1870 connecting Multan (now in Pakistan) with Delhi.[33] Another line connecting Saharanpur with Moradabad was completed in 1886.[34][35]
The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting Shahdara in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway was built in 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge and total length was 94.24 miles (151.66 km).[36][37][38] However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s.[37][38][39] Saharanpur falls on the route of the proposed 1,839-kilometre (1,143 mi) Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor project.[40]
See also
References
- ^ "Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2017: BJP's Sanjeev Walia wins by 1200 votes". Financialexpress. www.financialexpress.com. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "History | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India".
- ^ "Saharanpur, India Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
- ^ a b c District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-A (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh.
- ^ a b District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B (PDF). Lucknow: Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Saharanpur Religion Census 2011". Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
- ^ (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
- ^ Syed Abdul Latif (1958), An Outline of the cultural history of India, Oriental Books, 1979,
... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...
- ^ "Municipalities | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ . Saharanpur Nagar Nigam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Desk, India com News (2 December 2017). "Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List". India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "UP's unique ATMs installed to sensitize hands and discharge Masks for only ₹5, initiative receives praises". The Youth. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Sanjeev Walia(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2017: BJP's Sanjeev Walia wins by 1200 votes". The Financial Express. 1 December 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "BSP announces first list of candidates, banks on Gujjar-Jat-Muslim support". Hindustan Times. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Members : Lok Sabha". loksabhaph.nic.in. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Ashu-malik in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022".
- ^ "Untapped drains, under-used STPs continue to pollute Hindon, Yamuna rivers". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "New plan on the anvil to restore polluted stretches of Hindon river". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Sharad Singh Negi, Biodiversity and its conservation in India 2nd revised ed. New Delhi, Indus Publishing (2008) ISBN 978-81-7387-211-2
- ^ "Joseph Dalton Hooker, Himalayan Journals, or Notes of a Naturalist ..., Kew (1854), vol. I, p. 5.
- ^ Saharanpur Botanic Garden
- ^ "Shakumbhari Devi Temple | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India".
- ^ "मां शाकम्भरी मन्दिर पर उमड़ा श्रद्धा का सैलाब, जानिए सिद्ध पीठ का पौराणिक महत्व".
- ^ "New National Highway 709B notification - GOI" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ (PDF). Department of Road Transport and Highways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ (PDF). Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ goyal, raghav (25 February 2020). "Centre Gives In-Principle Approval For Dehradun-Delhi Expressway". TheQuint. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ K. Dash, Dipak. "23 new expressways and highways coming up in next 5 years | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Ambala Division map and history.
- ^ "IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899)". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
- ^ "Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway". Management Ebooks. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ "IR History – Early Days II (1870–1899)". IRFCA. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ "Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway". fibis. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ a b R. Sivaramakrishnan. "Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway". IRFCA. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ a b "IR History Part V (1970–1995)". IRFCA. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ^ "Speech of Shri Lalit Narayan Mishra introducing the Railway Budget for 1973-74, on 20th February 1973" (PDF). Light Railways. Indian Railways. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ^ Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine