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TERENA

January 01, 1970

This article is about the not-for-profit organization. For other uses, see Terena (disambiguation).

The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, /təˈreɪnə/ tə-RAY-nə) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally formed on 13 June 1986 as Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) and changed its name to TERENA in October 1994. In October 2015, it again changed its name to GÉANT and at the same time acquired the shares of GEANT Limited (previously known as DANTE).

Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
AbbreviationTERENA
Formation13 June 1986 as Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE)
Legal statusAssociation
PurposeTo promote and participate in the development of a high-quality international information and telecommunications infrastructure for the benefit of research and education
HeadquartersAmsterdam, Netherlands
Region served
Europe
President
Pierre Bruyère
Main organ
TERENA General Assembly
Websitewww.terena.org

Purpose edit

The objectives of TERENA are to promote and develop high-quality international network infrastructures to support European research and education. This includes:

  • investigating, evaluating and deploying new network, middleware and application technologies;
  • supporting new networking services where appropriate;
  • knowledge transfer, among others in the shape of conferences, seminars and training events;
  • advising governments and other authorities on networking issues;
  • liaising with networking organisations in other parts of the world.

Full membership of TERENA is open to NRENs (one per member country of the ITU) and international public sector organisations. Associate membership is available for other organisations (commercial or otherwise) with an interest in research and education networking. A complete list of the current members can be found on the TERENA website.

Similar organisations elsewhere in the world include Internet2, APAN, UbuntuNet Alliance and CLARA (Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas). In addition, DANTE operates the pan-European research and education backbone network.

History edit

RARE edit

TERENA was founded under the name Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) on 13 June 1986.[1] It was created by several European networking organisations to promote open computer networking standards (specifically the OSI protocols).[2] The first few years were dominated by the Co-operation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe (COSINE) project.[3] COSINE led to the implementation of some of the first standardised network-related services, for example X.400 email and X.500 directory service. X.25 technology was generally used for connectivity.[4] This technology was also used in a network called IXI (International X.25 Infrastructure Backbone Service), which was the first generation of the backbone network interconnecting the national research networks in Europe, known today as GÉANT.[5] To run the European backbone, RARE's Operational Unit was later split off from the association under the name DANTE.

Meanwhile, the need to choose between the OSI protocols and the Internet Protocol (IP) became the subject of a long-lasting controversy known as the Protocol Wars.[6][7][8] By the early 1990s, IP became the dominant protocol in data networking.[9] By 1991, a project called Ebone was proposed as an interim solution while the European research networking community made the transition from OSI to IP.[10][11] The Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) was created by RARE in 1992, and was split off five years later as a separate legal entity.

EARN edit

At the end of 1983 IBM had taken the initiative for the European Academic and Research Network (EARN), which would link selected computer centres in Europe via leased lines.[12] It used similar technology to the BITNET in the US, and included email gateway capability.[13][14] The EARN Association was set up as a legal entity in France in 1985.[15] By 1993 it was clear that the EARN Association needed to merge with RARE, which it did on 20 October 1994.[16][17] At the same time, RARE changed its name to TERENA.

Outreach edit

TERENA publishes annual editions of the TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe, which contain information about the organisation, staffing, finances, user base, capacity, services and developments of NRENs, and serve as a benchmarking tool.[18]

TERENA supports the development of research and education networking in less advanced countries and regions in and around Europe by studying their needs and by providing advice, consultancy and training.

TERENA organises foresight studies to look into the future development of European research and education networking. These studies included SERENATE (2002-2003), EARNEST (2006-2008) and ASPIRE (2011-2012).[19][20][21]

Task forces and projects edit

TERENA supports joint European work in the development and testing of new networking, middleware and application technologies. It brings together specialists and engineers from TERENA member organisations and the wider research networking community. This work is organised in task forces and projects.

Task forces are groups where specialists in a certain field exchange information, discuss best practices and work together to investigate technologies for the development and deployment of services for the research and education community. Usually task forces are open for participation by any individual who can bring appropriate expertise and resources. By 2011, TERENA was supporting eight task forces: TF-CPR (communications and public relations), TF-CSIRT (collaboration of security incident response teams), TF-EMC2 (European middleware coordination and collaboration), TF-Media (media management and distribution), TF-MNM (mobility and network middleware), TF-MSP (management of service portfolios), TF-NOC (network operation centres) and TF-Storage (storage and cloud services).[22]

TERENA projects are carried out by experts and engineers on the basis of a contract with TERENA. This requires funding from TERENA members and/or other interested organisations, possibly combined with a contribution from TERENA's own resources. A current example is REFEDS (Research and Education Federations).[23][24][25]

In addition, the TERENA Secretariat staff participates in projects that are co-funded by the European Union, for example, the project that also provides EU funding for the GÉANT network.[26]

Services edit

A number of services have been established as spin-offs of the work in the TERENA task forces and projects. eduroam provides researchers, teachers and students easy and secure network access when visiting other institutions than their own; the global governance of eduroam is under the auspices of TERENA.[27][28] The TERENA Certificate Service provides digital certificates that are recognised by the major browsers and devices to the user communities of participating NRENs in a cost-effective manner. The TERENA Academic Certification Authority Repository (TACAR) is a trusted online store of trust anchor certificates, related certificate policies and certificate practice statements registered by the Certification Authorities of organisations in the academic community.[29] The eduGAIN service allows Authentication and Authorisation Infrastructures to interact, enabling the sharing of data between federations and providing an interconnection framework to applications willing to provide their services, content or resources to multiple federations.[30] NRENum.net provides an ENUM service for academia. TERENA's Trusted Introducer service offers an accreditation and certification scheme for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs).[31]

Conference edit

TERENA runs an annual conference for academic networkers called the TERENA Networking Conference. Usually held in late May or early June, the conference is hosted by a member NREN and attended by around 500 delegates from academic backgrounds including networking specialists and managers from European networking and research organisations, universities, worldwide sister institutions and industry representatives.

Conference locations: Tirana (2023), Trieste (2022), online (2021), Brighton (2020 - canceled), Tallinn (2019), Trondheim (2018), Linz (2017), Prague (2016), Porto (2015), Dublin (2014), Maastricht (2013), Reykjavík (2012), Prague (2011), Vilnius (2010), Málaga (2009), Bruges (2008), Kgs. Lyngby (2007), Catania (2006), Poznań (2005), Rhodes (2004), Zagreb (2003), Limerick (2002), Antalya (2001), Lisbon (2000), Lund (joint with NORDUnet conference; 1999), Dresden (1998).

The TERENA Networking Conference is the successor to the Joint European Networking Conference (JENC), which ran from 1990 to 1997.[32][33] Locations: Edinburgh (1997), Budapest (1996), Tel Aviv (1995), Prague (joint with Internet Society's INET conference; 1994), Trondheim (1993), Innsbruck (1992), Blois (1991), Killarney (1990).

The JENC, in turn, was the successor to the RARE Networkshop, which ran from 1986 to 1989. Locations: Trieste (1989), Les Diablerets (1988), Valencia (1987), Copenhagen (1986). At the first workshop in this series, held in Luxembourg in May 1985, it was decided to create RARE.[34][35]

Workshops and training edit

TERENA regularly organises workshops for information exchange and training. Training workshops include the TRANSITS workshops aimed at staff members of CSIRTs and the EuroCAMP workshops to teach NREN and campus staff how to implement federated identity infrastructure.[36][37]

References edit

  1. ^ Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010). A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 13. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
  2. ^ John S. Quarterman (1990). The matrix: Computer networks and conferencing systems worldwide. Digital Press. pp. 192–195. ISBN 978-1-55558-033-9.
  3. ^ Carpenter, Brian E. (16 May 1988). COSINE implementation phase: the view from a major site (PDF). 4th European RARE workshop: Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. Vol. 16. Les Diablerets, Switzerland. doi:10.1016/0169-7552(88)90033-5. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  4. ^ Dai R.H. Davies (1992). The COSINE Project (PDF). INET conference. Internet Society. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  5. ^ Kaarina Lehtisalo (2005). The History of NORDUnet (PDF). NORDUnet A/S. pp. 81–85. ISBN 87-990712-0-7.
  6. ^ Karel Vietsch (1998). "Technologies for Dissemination of Scientific Information: the Internet and the Research Networking Infrastructure". In Rachel Walker; Marcia Freed Taylor (eds.). Information Dissemination and Access in Russia and Eastern Europe. Amsterdam: IOS Press. pp. 187–200. ISBN 90-5199-420-6.
  7. ^ Karel Vietsch (1999). "The European Research Networking Infrastructure: Problems and Opportunities". In Jack Meadows; Heinz-Dieter Böcker (eds.). Electronic Communication and Research in Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. pp. 35–46. ISBN 92-828-6874-5.
  8. ^ "Kees Neggers: Global Networking Requires Global Collaboration | Internet Hall of Fame". www.internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  9. ^ Tomaz Kalin (1992). Europe: Organizational Overview (PDF). INET conference. Internet Society. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  10. ^ Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010). A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 86–89. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
  11. ^ Carl Malamud (1993). Exploring the Internet: a technical travelogue. Prentice-Hall. pp. 247–252. ISBN 0-13-296898-3. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  12. ^ Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010). A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
  13. ^ Günter Müller; R. Holliday; G. Schulze (September 1985). "A message-handling gateway between EARN/BITNET and DFN". TC 6 International Symposium on Computer Message Systems. Washington, DC: International Federation for Information Processing. ISBN 9780444879745. Also IBM Deutschland GmbH technical report 438604, Heidelberg, 1986.
  14. ^ Donnalyn Frey; Rick Adams; Richard L. Adams (June 1994). !%@:: a directory of electronic mail addressing & networks. O'Reilly & Associates. pp. 16, 18, 98. ISBN 978-1-56592-046-0.
  15. ^ Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010). A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 17, 180. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
  16. ^ Frode Greisen (1995). RARE/TERENA Annual Report 1994. TERENA. p. 7.
  17. ^ Jeroen Verhoog (2008). SURFnet 1988-2008. SURFnet. p. 70.
  18. ^ Bert van Pinxteren (2013). TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe (PDF) (2013 ed.). TERENA.
  19. ^ David Williams; Marko Bonač; Ian Butterworth; Dai Davies; Sabine Jaume-Rajaonia; Tony Mayer; Knud Erik Skouby & Karel Vietsch (2003). Networks for Knowledge and Innovation - A strategic study of European research and education networking (PDF). TERENA. ISBN 90-77559-01-9.
  20. ^ Dorte Olesen; Robin Arak; Patrick Bressler; Valentino Cavalli; John Dyer; Licia Florio; Sabine Jaume-Rajaonia; Jean-Paul Le Guigner; Thibaut Lery; Kevin Meynell; Martin Price; Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.; Karel Vietsch & Nikos Vogiatzis (2008). Innovation, Integration and Deployment - Challenges for European research and education networking (PDF). TERENA. ISBN 978-90-77559-18-5.
  21. ^ John Dyer; Magda Haver & Michael Nowlan (2012). ASPIRE. A Study on the Prospects of the Internet for Research and Education 2014-2020 (PDF). TERENA. ISBN 978-90-77559-22-2.
  22. ^ Laura Durnford & Karel Vietsch (2012). TERENA Annual Report 2011 (PDF). TERENA. pp. 15–17, 21–31.
  23. ^ Laura Durnford & Karel Vietsch (2012). TERENA Annual Report 2011 (PDF). TERENA. pp. 22–23.
  24. ^ Licia Florio; Susan Reilly; Yuri Demchenko; Tamás Varga & Gabriella Harangi (2012). Advancing technologies and Federating communities (PDF). European Union. p. 5.
  25. ^ Daan Broeder; Bob Jones; David Kelsey; Philp Kershaw; Stefan Lüders; Andrew Lyall; Tommi Nyrönen; Romain Wartel & Heinz J. Weyer (2012). Federated Identity Management for Research Collaborations (PDF). CERN. p. 2.
  26. ^ "Multi-Gigabit European Research and Education Network and Associated Services (GN3PLUS)". 1 April 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  27. ^ Klaas Wierenga & Licia Florio (2005). "eduroam: past, present and future". Computational Methods in Science and Technology. 11 (2): 169–173. doi:10.12921/cmst.2005.11.02.169-173.
  28. ^ Mark Grayson; Kevin Shatzkamer & Klaas Wierenga (2011). Building the Mobile Internet. Cisco Press. pp. 45–48. ISBN 978-1-58714-243-7.
  29. ^ Licia Florio & Diego R. Lopez (2009). European Federated Validation Service Study. Solution Profile – TERENA Academic CA Repository (TACAR) (PDF). European Commission.
  30. ^ Licia Florio; Susan Reilly; Yuri Demchenko; Tamás Varga & Gabriella Harangi (2012). Advancing technologies and Federating communities (PDF). European Union. pp. 37–38.
  31. ^ Miroslav Maj; Roeland Reijers & Don Stikvoort (2010). Good Practice Guide for Incident Management. ENISA. p. 86.
  32. ^ Manfred Bogen (1998). "Are you ready for the year 2001?". Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 30 (16–18): iii–iv.
  33. ^ Karel Vietsch (1999). "TERENA - Organisation and Activities". In Oliver B. Popov (ed.). The Avant-Garde of Information Society. Vienna: CEENet Publishing. pp. 21–29. ISBN 9989-769-08-7.
  34. ^ Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010). A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 181. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
  35. ^ Christopher S. Cooper (2010). JANET: The First 25 Years. The JNT Association. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-0-9549207-2-2.
  36. ^ Henk Bronk; Marco Thorbruegge & Mehis Hakkaja (2006). A Step-by-Step Approach on How to Set Up a CSIRT. ENISA. pp. 54–55. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  37. ^ . 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.

External links edit

  • Official website  

January 01, 1970
terena, this, article, about, profit, organization, other, uses, terena, disambiguation, trans, european, research, education, networking, association, profit, association, european, national, research, education, networks, nrens, incorporated, amsterdam, neth. This article is about the not for profit organization For other uses see Terena disambiguation The Trans European Research and Education Networking Association TERENA t e ˈ r eɪ n e te RAY ne was a not for profit association of European national research and education networks NRENs incorporated in Amsterdam The Netherlands The association was originally formed on 13 June 1986 as Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne RARE and changed its name to TERENA in October 1994 In October 2015 it again changed its name to GEANT and at the same time acquired the shares of GEANT Limited previously known as DANTE Trans European Research and Education Networking AssociationAbbreviationTERENAFormation13 June 1986 as Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne RARE Legal statusAssociationPurposeTo promote and participate in the development of a high quality international information and telecommunications infrastructure for the benefit of research and educationHeadquartersAmsterdam NetherlandsRegion servedEuropePresidentPierre BruyereMain organTERENA General AssemblyWebsitewww wbr terena wbr org Contents 1 Purpose 2 History 2 1 RARE 2 2 EARN 3 Outreach 4 Task forces and projects 5 Services 6 Conference 7 Workshops and training 8 References 9 External linksPurpose editThe objectives of TERENA are to promote and develop high quality international network infrastructures to support European research and education This includes investigating evaluating and deploying new network middleware and application technologies supporting new networking services where appropriate knowledge transfer among others in the shape of conferences seminars and training events advising governments and other authorities on networking issues liaising with networking organisations in other parts of the world Full membership of TERENA is open to NRENs one per member country of the ITU and international public sector organisations Associate membership is available for other organisations commercial or otherwise with an interest in research and education networking A complete list of the current members can be found on the TERENA website Similar organisations elsewhere in the world include Internet2 APAN UbuntuNet Alliance and CLARA Cooperacion Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas In addition DANTE operates the pan European research and education backbone network History editRARE edit TERENA was founded under the name Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne RARE on 13 June 1986 1 It was created by several European networking organisations to promote open computer networking standards specifically the OSI protocols 2 The first few years were dominated by the Co operation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe COSINE project 3 COSINE led to the implementation of some of the first standardised network related services for example X 400 email and X 500 directory service X 25 technology was generally used for connectivity 4 This technology was also used in a network called IXI International X 25 Infrastructure Backbone Service which was the first generation of the backbone network interconnecting the national research networks in Europe known today as GEANT 5 To run the European backbone RARE s Operational Unit was later split off from the association under the name DANTE Meanwhile the need to choose between the OSI protocols and the Internet Protocol IP became the subject of a long lasting controversy known as the Protocol Wars 6 7 8 By the early 1990s IP became the dominant protocol in data networking 9 By 1991 a project called Ebone was proposed as an interim solution while the European research networking community made the transition from OSI to IP 10 11 The Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre RIPE NCC was created by RARE in 1992 and was split off five years later as a separate legal entity EARN edit At the end of 1983 IBM had taken the initiative for the European Academic and Research Network EARN which would link selected computer centres in Europe via leased lines 12 It used similar technology to the BITNET in the US and included email gateway capability 13 14 The EARN Association was set up as a legal entity in France in 1985 15 By 1993 it was clear that the EARN Association needed to merge with RARE which it did on 20 October 1994 16 17 At the same time RARE changed its name to TERENA Outreach editTERENA publishes annual editions of the TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe which contain information about the organisation staffing finances user base capacity services and developments of NRENs and serve as a benchmarking tool 18 TERENA supports the development of research and education networking in less advanced countries and regions in and around Europe by studying their needs and by providing advice consultancy and training TERENA organises foresight studies to look into the future development of European research and education networking These studies included SERENATE 2002 2003 EARNEST 2006 2008 and ASPIRE 2011 2012 19 20 21 Task forces and projects editTERENA supports joint European work in the development and testing of new networking middleware and application technologies It brings together specialists and engineers from TERENA member organisations and the wider research networking community This work is organised in task forces and projects Task forces are groups where specialists in a certain field exchange information discuss best practices and work together to investigate technologies for the development and deployment of services for the research and education community Usually task forces are open for participation by any individual who can bring appropriate expertise and resources By 2011 TERENA was supporting eight task forces TF CPR communications and public relations TF CSIRT collaboration of security incident response teams TF EMC2 European middleware coordination and collaboration TF Media media management and distribution TF MNM mobility and network middleware TF MSP management of service portfolios TF NOC network operation centres and TF Storage storage and cloud services 22 TERENA projects are carried out by experts and engineers on the basis of a contract with TERENA This requires funding from TERENA members and or other interested organisations possibly combined with a contribution from TERENA s own resources A current example is REFEDS Research and Education Federations 23 24 25 In addition the TERENA Secretariat staff participates in projects that are co funded by the European Union for example the project that also provides EU funding for the GEANT network 26 Services editA number of services have been established as spin offs of the work in the TERENA task forces and projects eduroam provides researchers teachers and students easy and secure network access when visiting other institutions than their own the global governance of eduroam is under the auspices of TERENA 27 28 The TERENA Certificate Service provides digital certificates that are recognised by the major browsers and devices to the user communities of participating NRENs in a cost effective manner The TERENA Academic Certification Authority Repository TACAR is a trusted online store of trust anchor certificates related certificate policies and certificate practice statements registered by the Certification Authorities of organisations in the academic community 29 The eduGAIN service allows Authentication and Authorisation Infrastructures to interact enabling the sharing of data between federations and providing an interconnection framework to applications willing to provide their services content or resources to multiple federations 30 NRENum net provides an ENUM service for academia TERENA s Trusted Introducer service offers an accreditation and certification scheme for Computer Security Incident Response Teams CSIRTs 31 Conference editTERENA runs an annual conference for academic networkers called the TERENA Networking Conference Usually held in late May or early June the conference is hosted by a member NREN and attended by around 500 delegates from academic backgrounds including networking specialists and managers from European networking and research organisations universities worldwide sister institutions and industry representatives Conference locations Tirana 2023 Trieste 2022 online 2021 Brighton 2020 canceled Tallinn 2019 Trondheim 2018 Linz 2017 Prague 2016 Porto 2015 Dublin 2014 Maastricht 2013 Reykjavik 2012 Prague 2011 Vilnius 2010 Malaga 2009 Bruges 2008 Kgs Lyngby 2007 Catania 2006 Poznan 2005 Rhodes 2004 Zagreb 2003 Limerick 2002 Antalya 2001 Lisbon 2000 Lund joint with NORDUnet conference 1999 Dresden 1998 The TERENA Networking Conference is the successor to the Joint European Networking Conference JENC which ran from 1990 to 1997 32 33 Locations Edinburgh 1997 Budapest 1996 Tel Aviv 1995 Prague joint with Internet Society s INET conference 1994 Trondheim 1993 Innsbruck 1992 Blois 1991 Killarney 1990 The JENC in turn was the successor to the RARE Networkshop which ran from 1986 to 1989 Locations Trieste 1989 Les Diablerets 1988 Valencia 1987 Copenhagen 1986 At the first workshop in this series held in Luxembourg in May 1985 it was decided to create RARE 34 35 Workshops and training editTERENA regularly organises workshops for information exchange and training Training workshops include the TRANSITS workshops aimed at staff members of CSIRTs and the EuroCAMP workshops to teach NREN and campus staff how to implement federated identity infrastructure 36 37 References edit Howard Davies amp Beatrice Bressan 2010 A History of International Research Networking The People who made it happen Wiley Blackwell p 13 ISBN 978 3 527 32710 2 John S Quarterman 1990 The matrix Computer networks and conferencing systems worldwide Digital Press pp 192 195 ISBN 978 1 55558 033 9 Carpenter Brian E 16 May 1988 COSINE implementation phase the view from a major site PDF 4th European RARE workshop Computer Networks and ISDN Systems Vol 16 Les Diablerets Switzerland doi 10 1016 0169 7552 88 90033 5 Retrieved 8 October 2011 Dai R H Davies 1992 The COSINE Project PDF INET conference Internet Society Retrieved 8 October 2011 Kaarina Lehtisalo 2005 The History of NORDUnet PDF NORDUnet A S pp 81 85 ISBN 87 990712 0 7 Karel Vietsch 1998 Technologies for Dissemination of Scientific Information the Internet and the Research Networking Infrastructure In Rachel Walker Marcia Freed Taylor eds Information Dissemination and Access in Russia and Eastern Europe Amsterdam IOS Press pp 187 200 ISBN 90 5199 420 6 Karel Vietsch 1999 The European Research Networking Infrastructure Problems and Opportunities In Jack Meadows Heinz Dieter Bocker eds Electronic Communication and Research in Europe Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities pp 35 46 ISBN 92 828 6874 5 Kees Neggers Global Networking Requires Global Collaboration Internet Hall of Fame www internethalloffame org Retrieved 2020 04 03 Tomaz Kalin 1992 Europe Organizational Overview PDF INET conference Internet Society Retrieved 8 October 2011 Howard Davies amp Beatrice Bressan 2010 A History of International Research Networking The People who made it happen Wiley Blackwell pp 86 89 ISBN 978 3 527 32710 2 Carl Malamud 1993 Exploring the Internet a technical travelogue Prentice Hall pp 247 252 ISBN 0 13 296898 3 Retrieved 8 October 2011 Howard Davies amp Beatrice Bressan 2010 A History of International Research Networking The People who made it happen Wiley Blackwell p 17 ISBN 978 3 527 32710 2 Gunter Muller R Holliday G Schulze September 1985 A message handling gateway between EARN BITNET and DFN TC 6 International Symposium on Computer Message Systems Washington DC International Federation for Information Processing ISBN 9780444879745 Also IBM Deutschland GmbH technical report 438604 Heidelberg 1986 Donnalyn Frey Rick Adams Richard L Adams June 1994 a directory of electronic mail addressing amp networks O Reilly amp Associates pp 16 18 98 ISBN 978 1 56592 046 0 Howard Davies amp Beatrice Bressan 2010 A History of International Research Networking The People who made it happen Wiley Blackwell pp 17 180 ISBN 978 3 527 32710 2 Frode Greisen 1995 RARE TERENA Annual Report 1994 TERENA p 7 Jeroen Verhoog 2008 SURFnet 1988 2008 SURFnet p 70 Bert van Pinxteren 2013 TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe PDF 2013 ed TERENA David Williams Marko Bonac Ian Butterworth Dai Davies Sabine Jaume Rajaonia Tony Mayer Knud Erik Skouby amp Karel Vietsch 2003 Networks for Knowledge and Innovation A strategic study of European research and education networking PDF TERENA ISBN 90 77559 01 9 Dorte Olesen Robin Arak Patrick Bressler Valentino Cavalli John Dyer Licia Florio Sabine Jaume Rajaonia Jean Paul Le Guigner Thibaut Lery Kevin Meynell Martin Price Jorge A Sanchez P Karel Vietsch amp Nikos Vogiatzis 2008 Innovation Integration and Deployment Challenges for European research and education networking PDF TERENA ISBN 978 90 77559 18 5 John Dyer Magda Haver amp Michael Nowlan 2012 ASPIRE A Study on the Prospects of the Internet for Research and Education 2014 2020 PDF TERENA ISBN 978 90 77559 22 2 Laura Durnford amp Karel Vietsch 2012 TERENA Annual Report 2011 PDF TERENA pp 15 17 21 31 Laura Durnford amp Karel Vietsch 2012 TERENA Annual Report 2011 PDF TERENA pp 22 23 Licia Florio Susan Reilly Yuri Demchenko Tamas Varga amp Gabriella Harangi 2012 Advancing technologies and Federating communities PDF European Union p 5 Daan Broeder Bob Jones David Kelsey Philp Kershaw Stefan Luders Andrew Lyall Tommi Nyronen Romain Wartel amp Heinz J Weyer 2012 Federated Identity Management for Research Collaborations PDF CERN p 2 Multi Gigabit European Research and Education Network and Associated Services GN3PLUS 1 April 2013 Retrieved 25 September 2013 Klaas Wierenga amp Licia Florio 2005 eduroam past present and future Computational Methods in Science and Technology 11 2 169 173 doi 10 12921 cmst 2005 11 02 169 173 Mark Grayson Kevin Shatzkamer amp Klaas Wierenga 2011 Building the Mobile Internet Cisco Press pp 45 48 ISBN 978 1 58714 243 7 Licia Florio amp Diego R Lopez 2009 European Federated Validation Service Study Solution Profile TERENA Academic CA Repository TACAR PDF European Commission Licia Florio Susan Reilly Yuri Demchenko Tamas Varga amp Gabriella Harangi 2012 Advancing technologies and Federating communities PDF European Union pp 37 38 Miroslav Maj Roeland Reijers amp Don Stikvoort 2010 Good Practice Guide for Incident Management ENISA p 86 Manfred Bogen 1998 Are you ready for the year 2001 Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 30 16 18 iii iv Karel Vietsch 1999 TERENA Organisation and Activities In Oliver B Popov ed The Avant Garde of Information Society Vienna CEENet Publishing pp 21 29 ISBN 9989 769 08 7 Howard Davies amp Beatrice Bressan 2010 A History of International Research Networking The People who made it happen Wiley Blackwell p 181 ISBN 978 3 527 32710 2 Christopher S Cooper 2010 JANET The First 25 Years The JNT Association pp 127 128 ISBN 978 0 9549207 2 2 Henk Bronk Marco Thorbruegge amp Mehis Hakkaja 2006 A Step by Step Approach on How to Set Up a CSIRT ENISA pp 54 55 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Improving access to e resources through federated identity 26 August 2011 Archived from the original on 27 March 2012 Retrieved 20 July 2012 External links editOfficial website nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title TERENA amp oldid 1190550288, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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