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Wikipedia

Internet2

October 15, 2023

Not to be confused with Web 2.0.

Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government.[2] The Internet2 consortium administrative headquarters are located in Ann Arbor, Michigan, with offices in Washington, D.C., and Emeryville, California.[1]

Internet2
Formation1997 (as University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development)
PurposeResearch and testing network
HeadquartersAnn Arbor, Michigan, US[1]
Websiteinternet2.edu

As of November 2013, Internet2 has over 500 members including 251 institutions of higher education,[3] 9 partners and 76 members from industry,[4] over 100 research and education networks or connector organizations,[5][6] and 67 affiliate members.[7]

Internet2 operates the Internet2 Network,[8] an Internet Protocol network using optical fiber that delivers network services for research and education, and provides a secure network testing and research environment. In late 2007, Internet2 began operating its newest dynamic circuit network, the Internet2 DCN, an advanced technology that allows user-based allocation of data circuits over the fiber-optic network.

The Internet2 Network, through its regional network and connector members, connects over 60,000 U.S. educational, research, government and "community anchor" institutions, from primary and secondary schools to community colleges and universities, public libraries and museums to health care organizations.[9]

The Internet2 community develops and deploys network technologies for the future of the Internet. These technologies include large-scale network performance measurement and management tools,[10] secure identity and access management tools[11] and capabilities such as scheduling high-bandwidth, high-performance circuits.[12]

Internet2 members serve on several advisory councils,[13] collaborate in a variety of working groups and special interest groups,[14] gather at spring and fall member meetings,[15] and are encouraged to participate in the strategic planning process.[16]

History

As the Internet gained in public recognition and popularity, universities were among the first institutions to outgrow the Internet's bandwidth limitations because of the data transfer requirements faced by academic researchers who needed to collaborate with their colleagues. Some universities wanted to support high-performance applications like data mining, medical imaging and particle physics. This resulted in the creation of the very-high-performance Backbone Network Service, or vBNS, developed in 1995 by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and MCI for supercomputers at educational institutions. After the expiration of the NSF agreement, vBNS largely transitioned to providing service to the government. As a result, the research and education community founded Internet2 to serve its networking needs.

The Internet2 Project was originally established by 34 university researchers in 1996 under the auspices of EDUCOM (later EDUCAUSE), and was formally organized as the not-for-profit University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) in 1997. It later changed its name to Internet2. Internet2 is a registered trademark.[17]

The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail (NLR) project.[18] During 2004–2006, Internet2 and NLR held extensive discussions regarding a possible merger.[19] Those talks paused in spring, 2006, resumed in March, 2007, but eventually ceased in the fall of 2007,[20] due to unresolved differences.

In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network, boosting its capacity from 10 Gbit/s to 100 Gbit/s.[21] In October, 2007, Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network.

In 2010, Internet2 received a $62.5 million American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant,[22] which allowed Internet2 to put in place a long term IRU for fiber and upgrade the network with its own DWDM optical network system. Ciena later announced that this was the first 100G nationwide optical network.[23] The upgrade to the new optical system was completed in December 2012.[24]

Objectives

Internet2 provides the U.S. research and education community with a network that satisfies their bandwidth-intensive requirements. The network itself is a dynamic, robust and cost-effective hybrid optical and packet network. It furnishes a 100 Gbit/s network backbone to more than 210 U.S. educational institutions, 70 corporations and 45 non-profit and government agencies.

The objectives of the Internet2 consortium are:

  • Developing and maintaining a leading-edge network.
  • Fully exploiting the capabilities of broadband connections through the use of new-generation applications.
  • Transferring new network services and applications to all levels of educational use, and eventually the broader Internet community.

The uses of the network span from collaborative applications, distributed research experiments, grid-based data analysis to social networking. Some of these applications are in varying levels of commercialization, such as IPv6, open-source middleware for secure network access, Layer 2 VPNs and dynamic circuit networks.

Achievements

These technologies and their organizational counterparts were not only created to make a faster alternative to the Internet. Many fields have been able to use the Abilene network to foster creativity, research, and development in a way that was not previously possible. Users of poor quality libraries can now download not only text but sound recordings, animations, videos, and other resources, which would be otherwise unavailable. Another application is the robust video conferencing now available to Internet2 participants. Neurosurgeons can now video conference with other experts in the field during an operation in a high resolution format with no apparent time lag.[citation needed]

Application awards

The Internet2 Driving Exemplary Applications (IDEA) award (not to be confused with IDEA awards) was first announced by Internet2 in 2006 as a way of recognizing those who create and use advanced network applications at their best.[25] The judging is conducted by many universities and based upon the following criteria:

  • Magnitude of the positive impact of the application for its (current) users
  • Technical merit of the application.
  • Breadth of impact, as indicated by current user base and likelihood of broader adoption by its full natural community of potential users

Winners of the award are announced each year at the Spring member meeting: 2006,[26] 2007,[27] 2008.[28]

See also

  • AARNet (Australia's Academic and Research Network)
  • CANARIE (Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education)
  • CERNET (China Education and Research Network)
  • CLARA (Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzandas)
  • DFN (Deutsches Forschungsnetz), a German research network
  • DREN, U.S. Department of Defense Research and Engineering Network
  • ESnet (Energy Sciences Network)
  • GÉANT, the pan-European research network
  • HEAnet, Irish higher education network
  • JANET, British academic network
  • Kennisnet, Dutch public Internet organization
  • LEARN (Lanka Education and Research Network)
  • Merit Network, State of Michigan Triad Network
  • NLR (National LambdaRail), U.S. research and education network
  • NASK, Polish academic and research network
  • NORDUnet (Nordic Infrastructure for Research & Education)
  • Renater, French research network
  • SURFnet, Dutch research network
  • TERENA, defunct association of European national research and education networks

References

  1. ^ a b "Contact Us - Internet2". Internet2. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  2. ^ "About Internet2", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  3. ^ "Internet2 University Members List", Retrieved on 2013-11-14
  4. ^ "Internet2 Corporate Members", Retrieved on 2013-11-14
  5. ^ "Internet2 members: Research & Education Networks" 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2013-11-14
  6. ^ "Internet2 members: Communities & Groups", Retrieved on 2013-11-14
  7. ^ "Internet2 Affiliate Members List", Retrieved on 2013-11-14
  8. ^ "Internet2 Network", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  9. ^ "Internet2 K20 Connectivity Data", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  10. ^ "Internet2 Performance Initiative", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  11. ^ "Internet2 Security Directory and Related Links", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  12. ^ "Internet2 Dynamic Circuit Network" 2010-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  13. ^ "Internet2 Advisory Councils" 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  14. ^ "Internet2 Working Groups, SIGs, and Advisory Groups" 2010-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  15. ^ "Internet2 Member Meetings" 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  16. ^ "Internet2 Strategic Planning" 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  17. ^ "Internet2 - Terms of Use" 2006-10-20 at the Wayback Machine, Internet2.
  18. ^ "Optical networking: The next generation - CNET News.com, By Marguerite Reardon (Staff Writer), Published October 11, 2004 4:00 AM PDT
  19. ^ "Internet2, National Lambda Rail, In Merger Talks (July 18, 2005)"
  20. ^
  21. ^ "Speedy Internet2 gets 10x boost - USAToday.com, By Anick Jesdanun (AP Internet Writer), Published October 11, 2007 8:16 AM", Retrieved on 2009-06-26
  22. ^ "University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development | BTOP / SBI Archived Grant Program".
  23. ^ "Internet2: Building America's First National 100G Network - Ciena".
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  25. ^ Internet2 IDEA Awards 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  28. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2008-06-02.

Further reading

  • Barnes, Christopher, and Terresa E. Jackson . INTERNET2: The Backbone of the Future. Brooks Air Force Base, Tex.: Air Force Research Laboratory, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA406627[permanent dead link] (9 February 2007).
  • Grush, Mary, "Internet2: Extending Identity and Access Around the Globe with InCommon." CampusTechnology, December 13, 2021
  • Matlis, Jan. "Internet2." Computerworld, 28 August 2006, 30.
  • Moschovitis, Christos, Hilary Poole, Tami Schuyler, and Theresa M. Senft. History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. Santa Barbara, Cal.: ABC-CLIO, 1999.
  • Van Houweling, Douglas and Ted Hanss, "Internet2: The Promise of Truly Advanced Broadband," in The Broadband Explosion, R. Austin and S. Bradley, Editors, Harvard Business School Press, 2005.

External links

  • Internet2's homepage
  • Internetnews.com: Scientists Set Internet2 Speed Record
  • Internet2 FAQs, from Qwest 2013-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
  • Internet2 Talk:The Development of the Internet, Implications for our Future, by Douglas E Van Houweling PhD, President and CEO of Internet2, Feb 4th, 2009 at the University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California USA[permanent dead link]

October 15, 2023
internet2, confused, with, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, contains, content, that, written, like, advertisement, please, help, improve, . Not to be confused with Web 2 0 This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Internet2 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Internet2 is a not for profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities industry and government 2 The Internet2 consortium administrative headquarters are located in Ann Arbor Michigan with offices in Washington D C and Emeryville California 1 Internet2Formation1997 as University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development PurposeResearch and testing networkHeadquartersAnn Arbor Michigan US 1 Websiteinternet2 wbr eduAs of November 2013 Internet2 has over 500 members including 251 institutions of higher education 3 9 partners and 76 members from industry 4 over 100 research and education networks or connector organizations 5 6 and 67 affiliate members 7 Internet2 operates the Internet2 Network 8 an Internet Protocol network using optical fiber that delivers network services for research and education and provides a secure network testing and research environment In late 2007 Internet2 began operating its newest dynamic circuit network the Internet2 DCN an advanced technology that allows user based allocation of data circuits over the fiber optic network The Internet2 Network through its regional network and connector members connects over 60 000 U S educational research government and community anchor institutions from primary and secondary schools to community colleges and universities public libraries and museums to health care organizations 9 The Internet2 community develops and deploys network technologies for the future of the Internet These technologies include large scale network performance measurement and management tools 10 secure identity and access management tools 11 and capabilities such as scheduling high bandwidth high performance circuits 12 Internet2 members serve on several advisory councils 13 collaborate in a variety of working groups and special interest groups 14 gather at spring and fall member meetings 15 and are encouraged to participate in the strategic planning process 16 Contents 1 History 2 Objectives 3 Achievements 4 Application awards 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistoryAs the Internet gained in public recognition and popularity universities were among the first institutions to outgrow the Internet s bandwidth limitations because of the data transfer requirements faced by academic researchers who needed to collaborate with their colleagues Some universities wanted to support high performance applications like data mining medical imaging and particle physics This resulted in the creation of the very high performance Backbone Network Service or vBNS developed in 1995 by the National Science Foundation NSF and MCI for supercomputers at educational institutions After the expiration of the NSF agreement vBNS largely transitioned to providing service to the government As a result the research and education community founded Internet2 to serve its networking needs The Internet2 Project was originally established by 34 university researchers in 1996 under the auspices of EDUCOM later EDUCAUSE and was formally organized as the not for profit University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development UCAID in 1997 It later changed its name to Internet2 Internet2 is a registered trademark 17 The Internet2 community in partnership with Qwest built the first Internet2 Network called Abilene in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail NLR project 18 During 2004 2006 Internet2 and NLR held extensive discussions regarding a possible merger 19 Those talks paused in spring 2006 resumed in March 2007 but eventually ceased in the fall of 2007 20 due to unresolved differences In 2006 Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network boosting its capacity from 10 Gbit s to 100 Gbit s 21 In October 2007 Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network In 2010 Internet2 received a 62 5 million American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant 22 which allowed Internet2 to put in place a long term IRU for fiber and upgrade the network with its own DWDM optical network system Ciena later announced that this was the first 100G nationwide optical network 23 The upgrade to the new optical system was completed in December 2012 24 ObjectivesInternet2 provides the U S research and education community with a network that satisfies their bandwidth intensive requirements The network itself is a dynamic robust and cost effective hybrid optical and packet network It furnishes a 100 Gbit s network backbone to more than 210 U S educational institutions 70 corporations and 45 non profit and government agencies The objectives of the Internet2 consortium are Developing and maintaining a leading edge network Fully exploiting the capabilities of broadband connections through the use of new generation applications Transferring new network services and applications to all levels of educational use and eventually the broader Internet community The uses of the network span from collaborative applications distributed research experiments grid based data analysis to social networking Some of these applications are in varying levels of commercialization such as IPv6 open source middleware for secure network access Layer 2 VPNs and dynamic circuit networks AchievementsThese technologies and their organizational counterparts were not only created to make a faster alternative to the Internet Many fields have been able to use the Abilene network to foster creativity research and development in a way that was not previously possible Users of poor quality libraries can now download not only text but sound recordings animations videos and other resources which would be otherwise unavailable Another application is the robust video conferencing now available to Internet2 participants Neurosurgeons can now video conference with other experts in the field during an operation in a high resolution format with no apparent time lag citation needed Application awardsThe Internet2 Driving Exemplary Applications IDEA award not to be confused with IDEA awards was first announced by Internet2 in 2006 as a way of recognizing those who create and use advanced network applications at their best 25 The judging is conducted by many universities and based upon the following criteria Magnitude of the positive impact of the application for its current users Technical merit of the application Breadth of impact as indicated by current user base and likelihood of broader adoption by its full natural community of potential usersWinners of the award are announced each year at the Spring member meeting 2006 26 2007 27 2008 28 See alsoAARNet Australia s Academic and Research Network CANARIE Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research Industry and Education CERNET China Education and Research Network CLARA Cooperacion Latino Americana de Redes Avanzandas DFN Deutsches Forschungsnetz a German research network DREN U S Department of Defense Research and Engineering Network ESnet Energy Sciences Network GEANT the pan European research network HEAnet Irish higher education network JANET British academic network Kennisnet Dutch public Internet organization LEARN Lanka Education and Research Network Merit Network State of Michigan Triad Network NLR National LambdaRail U S research and education network NASK Polish academic and research network NORDUnet Nordic Infrastructure for Research amp Education Renater French research network SURFnet Dutch research network TERENA defunct association of European national research and education networksReferences a b Contact Us Internet2 Internet2 Retrieved 2013 11 14 About Internet2 Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 University Members List Retrieved on 2013 11 14 Internet2 Corporate Members Retrieved on 2013 11 14 Internet2 members Research amp Education Networks Archived 2013 11 03 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2013 11 14 Internet2 members Communities amp Groups Retrieved on 2013 11 14 Internet2 Affiliate Members List Retrieved on 2013 11 14 Internet2 Network Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 K20 Connectivity Data Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Performance Initiative Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Security Directory and Related Links Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Dynamic Circuit Network Archived 2010 02 24 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Advisory Councils Archived 2009 03 12 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Working Groups SIGs and Advisory Groups Archived 2010 02 06 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Member Meetings Archived 2009 08 13 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Strategic Planning Archived 2009 03 12 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009 06 26 Internet2 Terms of Use Archived 2006 10 20 at the Wayback Machine Internet2 Optical networking The next generation CNET News com By Marguerite Reardon Staff Writer Published October 11 2004 4 00 AM PDT Internet2 National Lambda Rail In Merger Talks July 18 2005 Internate archive of now defunct www internet2 nlr org site Speedy Internet2 gets 10x boost USAToday com By Anick Jesdanun AP Internet Writer Published October 11 2007 8 16 AM Retrieved on 2009 06 26 University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development BTOP SBI Archived Grant Program Internet2 Building America s First National 100G Network Ciena Internet2 Community s New Owned Optical Infrastructure Fully Deployed Internet2 Blogs Archived from the original on 2020 08 01 Retrieved 2019 05 22 Internet2 IDEA Awards Archived 2008 06 05 at the Wayback Machine IDEA Award Winners 2006 Archived from the original on 2008 05 12 Retrieved 2008 06 02 IDEA Award Winners 2007 Archived from the original on 2008 08 29 Retrieved 2008 06 02 IDEA Award Winners 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 05 14 Retrieved 2008 06 02 Further readingBarnes Christopher and Terresa E Jackson INTERNET2 The Backbone of the Future Brooks Air Force Base Tex Air Force Research Laboratory 2002 http handle dtic mil 100 2 ADA406627 permanent dead link 9 February 2007 Grush Mary Internet2 Extending Identity and Access Around the Globe with InCommon CampusTechnology December 13 2021 Matlis Jan Internet2 Computerworld 28 August 2006 30 Moschovitis Christos Hilary Poole Tami Schuyler and Theresa M Senft History of the Internet A Chronology 1843 to the Present Santa Barbara Cal ABC CLIO 1999 Van Houweling Douglas and Ted Hanss Internet2 The Promise of Truly Advanced Broadband in The Broadband Explosion R Austin and S Bradley Editors Harvard Business School Press 2005 External linksInternet2 s homepage Internetnews com Scientists Set Internet2 Speed Record Internet2 FAQs from Qwest Archived 2013 06 27 at the Wayback Machine Internet2 Talk The Development of the Internet Implications for our Future by Douglas E Van Houweling PhD President and CEO of Internet2 Feb 4th 2009 at the University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Internet2 amp oldid 1174277533, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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