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Wikipedia

Qt (software)

March 22, 2023

For the company formerly known as Qt Software, see The Qt Company.
Not to be confused with QuickTime.

Qt (pronounced "cute"[7][8][9]) is cross-platform software for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross-platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux, Windows, macOS, Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed.

Qt
Screenshot
GUI designing in Qt Creator using the embedded Qt Designer on Windows 10
Original author(s)Haavard Nord and Eirik Chambe-Eng[1]
Developer(s)
Initial release20 May 1995; 27 years ago (1995-05-20)[1]
Stable release
6.4.3[2]  / 16 March 2023; 5 days ago (16 March 2023)
Repository
  • code.qt.io/cgit/qt/qtbase.git/
Written inC++ (C++17)
Operating systemAndroid, iOS, Linux (embedded, Wayland, X11), macOS, Microsoft Windows, WebAssembly, ...[3]
PlatformCross-platform
TypeCross-platform software and Software development tools
License
Websitewww.qt.io

Qt is currently being developed by The Qt Company, a publicly listed company, and the Qt Project under open-source governance, involving individual developers and organizations working to advance Qt.[10][11][12] Qt is available under both commercial licenses[4] and open-source[13] GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, and LGPL 3.0 licenses.[5][6]

Purposes and abilities

Qt is used for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and multi-platform applications that run on all major desktop platforms and most mobile or embedded platforms. Most GUI programs created with Qt have a native-looking interface, in which case Qt is classified as a widget toolkit. Non-GUI programs can also be developed, such as command-line tools and consoles for servers. An example of such a non-GUI program using Qt is the Cutelyst web framework.[14]

Qt supports various compilers, including the GCC C++ compiler, the Visual Studio suite, PHP via an extension for PHP5,[15] and has extensive internationalization support. Qt also provides Qt Quick, that includes a declarative scripting language called QML that allows using JavaScript to provide the logic. With Qt Quick, rapid application development for mobile devices became possible, while logic can still be written with native code as well to achieve the best possible performance.

Other features include SQL database access, XML parsing, JSON parsing, thread management and network support.

Qt releases

See also: Qt version history

The latest version of Qt is 6.4.

Also still supported, for commercial users, are 5.15 LTS, released on 26 May 2020, and 6.2 LTS,[16] released on 30 September 2021 – long-term support (LTS) versions are generally supported for three years, with a commercial license, while 5.15 support was extended to five years, so it is supported for longer or until 26 May 2025. In addition the KDE project provides unofficial support for, at least, Qt 5.15, i.e. not just for commercial users.

Qt in use

In 2017, the Qt Company estimated a community of about 1 million developers worldwide[17] in over 70 industries.[18]

Desktop UIs

 
KDE's mascot Konqi showing his Qt heart

Graphical user-interfaces and desktop environments that utilize Qt/QML as widget toolkit:

Embedded and mobile UIs

  • Actively developed or maintained
    • AsteroidOS, an open source operating system designed for smartwatches
    • Avionics, Panasonic's in-flight entertainment system[29][30]
    • Blackberry 10, a touchscreen-based mobile OS by Blackberry Ltd.
    • Sailfish OS, a mobile operating system developed by Jolla
    • Plasma Mobile, a touch-based GUI developed by KDE
    • LuneOS, community-driven successor for Palm/HP webOS
    • Nemo Mobile, based on Mer
    • Lomiri, formerly known as Unity8, a phone UI developed by Ubports, originally by Canonical
    • Tesla Model S in-car UI[31]
    • webOS, a multitask operating system from LG for smart devices like TVs and smartwatches
    • Sky Q, the home entertainment system of Sky plc[32]
  • Available, but inactive
    • MeeGo handset & tablet UX
    • Qtopia, a system by Nokia for embedded and mobile devices

Applications using Qt

See also: Category:Software that uses Qt and Category:Proprietary software that uses Qt

Many notable open-source or proprietary cross-platform software are using Qt or QML:

Organizations using Qt

Qt is utilized by a wide range of companies and organizations such as

Qt software architecture

 
Example of Qt usage in Linux-based systems

Qt concepts

Qt is built on these key concepts:

Complete abstraction of the GUI
When first released, Qt used its own paint engine and controls, emulating the look of the different platforms it runs on when it drew its widgets. This made the porting work easier because very few classes in Qt really depended on the target platform; however, this occasionally led to slight discrepancies where that emulation was imperfect. Recent versions of Qt use the native style APIs of the different platforms, on platforms that have a native widget set, to query metrics and draw most controls, and do not suffer from such issues as often.[87] On some platforms (such as MeeGo and KDE) Qt is the native API. Some other portable graphical toolkits have made different design decisions; for example, wxWidgets uses the toolkits of the target platform for its implementations.
Signals and slots
A language construct introduced in Qt for communication between objects[88] which makes it easy to implement the observer pattern while avoiding boilerplate code. The concept is that GUI widgets can send signals containing event information which can be received by other controls using special functions known as slots.
Metaobject compiler
The metaobject compiler, termed moc, is a tool that is run on the sources of a Qt program. It interprets certain macros from the C++ code as annotations, and uses them to generate added C++ code with meta information about the classes used in the program. This meta information is used by Qt to provide programming features not available natively in C++: signals and slots, introspection and asynchronous function calls.
Language bindings
Qt can be used in several programming languages other than C++, such as Python, Javascript, C# and Rust[89] via language bindings; many languages have bindings for Qt 5 and bindings for Qt 4.

Qt modules

Starting with Qt 4.0 the framework was split into individual modules.[90][91] With Qt 5.0 the architecture was modularized even further.[92][93] Qt is now split into essential and add-on modules.[94]

Qt essentials

Module Description
Qt Core The only required Qt module, containing classes used by other modules, including the meta-object system, concurrency and threading, containers, event system, plugins and I/O facilities.
Qt GUI The central GUI module. In Qt 5 this module now depends on OpenGL, but no longer contains any widget classes.
Qt Widgets Contains classes for classic widget based GUI applications and the QSceneGraph classes. Was split off from QtGui in Qt 5.
Qt QML Module for QML and JavaScript languages.
Qt Quick The module for GUI application written using QML2.
Qt Quick Controls Widget like controls for Qt Quick intended mainly for desktop applications.
Qt Quick Layouts Layouts for arranging items in Qt Quick.
Qt Network Network abstraction layer. Complete with support for TCP, UDP, HTTP, TLS, SSL (in Qt 4) and SPDY (since Qt 5.3).
Qt Multimedia Classes for audio, video, radio and camera functionality.
Qt Multimedia Widgets The widgets from Qt Multimedia.
Qt SQL Contains classes for database integration using SQL.
Qt WebEngine A new set of Qt Widget and QML webview APIs based on Chromium.
Qt Test Classes for unit testing Qt applications and libraries.

Qt add-ons

Module Description
Active Qt Classes for applications which use ActiveX.
Qt Charts Provides functionality and widgets to plot charts of many kinds
Qt Bluetooth Classes accessing Bluetooth hardware.
Qt D-Bus Classes for IPC using the D-Bus protocol.
Qt NFC Classes accessing NFC hardware. Only officially supported on BlackBerry hardware so far (or N9 in the MeeGo port).
Qt OpenGL Legacy module containing the OpenGL classes from Qt 4. In Qt 5 the similar functionality in Qt GUI is recommended.
Qt Location Classes for accessing GPS and other location services and for mapping and navigation. Split off from the Qt 4 Mobility module of Qt Location. Supported on Android, BlackBerry, iOS, Linux (using GeoClue), Windows and Sailfish OS.
Qt Quick 3D Classes for rendering 3D models, video games, simulations and 3D user interfaces, with a Qt QML API, into a mixed 2D and 3D scene graph.
Qt Script Legacy module for scripting Qt application using ECMAScript/JavaScript. In Qt 5, using similar classes in Qt QML is recommended.
Qt Sensors Classes for accessing various mobile hardware sensors. Used to be part of Qt Mobile in Qt 4. Supported on Android, BlackBerry, iOS, WinRT, Mer and Linux.
Qt Serial Port Classes for access to hardware and virtual serial ports. Supported on Windows, Linux and macOS.
Qt WebChannel Provides access to Qt objects to HTML/Js over WebSockets.
Qt WebKit Qt's WebKit implementation and API.
Qt WebKit Widgets The widget API for Qt WebKit
Qt WebSockets Provides a WebSocket implementation.
Qt XML Legacy module containing classes for SAX and DOM style XML APIs. Replaced with QXmlStreamReader and QXmlStreamWriter classes in Qt Core.
Qt XML Patterns Support for XPath, XQuery, XSLT and XML Schema validation.

Editions

There are four editions of Qt available: Community, Indie Mobile, Professional and Enterprise.[95] The Community version is under the open source licenses, while the Indie Mobile, Professional and Enterprise versions, which contain additional functionality and libraries, e.g. Enterprise Controls[95] are commercially sold by The Qt Company.

Supported platforms

Main article: List of platforms supported by Qt

Qt works on many different platforms; the following are officially supported:

Platform Description
Linux/Unix
X11 Qt for X Window System (Linux);[96] FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD have community support.
Wayland Qt applications can switch between graphical backends like X and Wayland at load time with the -platform command line option.[97][98] This allows a seamless transition of Qt applications from X11 to Wayland. SailfishOS uses Wayland only as it doesn't have X11.[99]
Android Qt for Android[100] (formerly known as Necessitas).[101]
Embedded Linux Qt for embedded platforms: personal digital assistant, smartphone, etc.[102] Exists as multiple platforms depending on display technology. DirectFB, LinuxFB and EGLFS (EGL Full Screen).
Microsoft platforms
Windows Qt for Microsoft Windows 7,[103] 8 and 10[104]
Windows RT Support for WinRT-based Windows 10 Mobile apps and Windows 10 IoT[105]
Apple platforms
macOS Qt for Apple macOS; supports applications on Cocoa[106]
iOS Qt for iOS platforms (iPhone, iPad)[107]
Other embedded platforms
Integrity Qt for Integrity[108]
QNX Qt for QNX[109][110]
VxWorks Qt for VxWorks.[111][112] Only available under a proprietary (commercial) license. Qt 5.5.

After Nokia opened the Qt source code to the community on Gitorious, various ports appeared. There are also some ports of Qt that may be available, but are not supported anymore. These platforms are listed in List of platforms supported by Qt. See also there for current community support for other lesser known platforms, such as SailfishOS.

Licensing

Qt is available under the following free software licenses:[13] GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, LGPL 3.0 and LGPL 2.1 (with Qt special exception).[5][113] Note that some modules are available only under a GPL license, which means that applications which link to these modules need to comply with that license.[114]

In addition, Qt has always been available under a commercial license, like the Qt Commercial License,[4] that allows developing proprietary applications with no restrictions on licensing.

Qt tools

See also: Qt Creator

Qt comes with its own set of tools to ease cross-platform development, which can otherwise be cumbersome due to different set of development tools.

Qt Creator is a cross-platform IDE for C++ and QML. Qt Designer's GUI layout/design functionality is integrated into the IDE, although Qt Designer can still be started as a standalone tool.

In addition to Qt Creator, Qt provides qmake, a cross-platform build script generation tool that automates the generation of Makefiles for development projects across different platforms. There are other tools available in Qt, including the Qt Designer interface builder and the Qt Assistant help browser (which are both embedded in Qt Creator), the Qt Linguist translation tool, uic (user interface compiler), and moc (Meta-Object Compiler).

History of Qt

Early developments

In the summer of 1990, Haavard Nord and Eirik Chambe-Eng (the original developers of Qt and the CEO and President, respectively, of Trolltech) were working together on a database application for ultrasound images written in C++ and running on Mac OS, Unix, and Microsoft Windows.[1][115] They began development of "Qt" in 1991, three years before the company was incorporated as Quasar Technologies, then changed the name to Troll Tech and then to Trolltech.[1]

The toolkit was called Qt because the letter Q looked appealing in Haavard's Emacs typeface, and "t" was inspired by Xt, the X toolkit.[1]

The first two versions of Qt had only two flavors: Qt/X11 for Unix and Qt/Windows for Windows.

On 20 May 1995 Troll Tech publicly released Qt 0.90 for X11/Linux with the source code under the Qt Free Edition License.[116][117][118] This license was viewed as not compliant with the free software definition by Free Software Foundation because, while the source was available, it did not allow the redistribution of modified versions. Trolltech used this license until version 1.45. Controversy erupted around 1998 when it became clear that the K Desktop Environment was going to become one of the leading desktop environments for Linux. As it was based on Qt, many people in the free software movement worried that an essential piece of one of their major operating systems would be proprietary.

The Windows platform was available only under a proprietary license, which meant free/open source applications written in Qt for X11 could not be ported to Windows without purchasing the proprietary edition.

Becoming free software–friendly

With the release of version 2.0 of the toolkit in mid-1999, the license was changed to the Q Public License (QPL), a free software license, but one regarded by the Free Software Foundation as incompatible with the GPL. Compromises were sought between KDE and Trolltech whereby Qt would not be able to fall under a more restrictive license than the QPL, even if Trolltech was bought out or went bankrupt. This led to the creation of the KDE Free Qt foundation,[119] which guarantees that Qt would fall under a BSD-style license should no free/open source version of Qt be released during 12 months.[120][121]

In 2000, Qt/X11 2.2 was released under the GPL v2,[122] ending all controversy regarding GPL compatibility.

At the end of 2001, Trolltech released Qt 3.0, which added support for Mac OS X (now known as macOS). The Mac OS X support was available only in the proprietary license until June 2003, when Trolltech released Qt 3.2 with Mac OS X support available under the GPL.

In 2002, members of the KDE on Cygwin project began porting the GPL licensed Qt/X11 code base to Windows.[123] This was in response to Trolltech's refusal to license Qt/Windows under the GPL on the grounds that Windows was not a free/open source software platform.[124][125] The project achieved reasonable success although it never reached production quality.

This was resolved when Trolltech released Qt 4.0 also for Windows under the GPL in June 2005.[126] Qt 4 supported the same set of platforms in the free software/open source editions as in the proprietary edition, so it is possible, with Qt 4.0 and later releases, to create GPL-licensed free/open source applications using Qt on all supported platforms. The GPL v3 with special exception[127] was later added as an added licensing option. The GPL exception allows the final application to be licensed under various GPL-incompatible free software/open source licenses such as the Mozilla Public License 1.1.

Acquisition by Nokia

Nokia acquired Trolltech ASA on 17 June 2008 and changed the name first to Qt Software, then to Qt Development Frameworks.

Nokia focused on turning Qt into the main development platform for its devices, including a port to the Symbian S60 platform. Version 1.0 of the Nokia Qt SDK was released on 23 June 2010.[128] The source code was made available over Gitorious, a community oriented git source code repository, with a goal of creating a broader community using and improving Qt.

On 14 January 2009, Qt version 4.5 added another option, the LGPL,[129] to make Qt more attractive for both non-GPL open source projects and closed applications.[130]

In February 2011, Nokia announced its decision to drop Symbian technologies and base their future smartphones on the Windows Phone platform instead (and since then support for that platform has also been dropped).[131] One month later, Nokia announced the sale of Qt's commercial licensing and professional services to Digia, with the immediate goal of taking Qt support to Android, iOS and Windows 8 platforms, and to continue focusing on desktop and embedded development, although Nokia was to remain the main development force behind the framework at that time.

Merging and demerging with Digia

In March 2011, Nokia sold the commercial licensing part of Qt to Digia, creating Qt Commercial.[132] In August 2012, Digia announced that it would acquire Qt from Nokia.[133] The Qt team at Digia started their work in September 2012.[134] They released Qt 5.0 within a month and newer versions every six months with new features and additional supported platforms.

In September 2014, Digia transferred the Qt business and copyrights to their wholly owned subsidiary, The Qt Company, which owns 25 brands[135] related to Qt. In May 2016, Digia and Qt demerged completely into two independent companies.[136]

The Qt Project and open governance

Main article: Qt Project

Qt 5 was officially released on 19 December 2012. This new version marked a major change in the platform, with hardware-accelerated graphics, QML and JavaScript playing a major role. The traditional C++-only QWidgets continued to be supported, but did not benefit from the performance improvements available through the new architecture.[137] Qt 5 brings significant improvements to the speed and ease of developing user interfaces.[138]

Framework development of Qt 5 moved to open governance at qt-project.org, which made it possible for developers outside Digia to submit patches for review.[139]

Qt contributors

 
Distribution of non-Digia Qt contributors (2013, Week 18)

Aside from The Qt Company, many organizations and individuals using Qt as their development platform participate in the open development of Qt via the Qt Project.[140]

One such Qt contributor is Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB, a Swedish Qt consulting company.[141] KDAB is involved in many areas, including maintenance of several components.[142][143]

Together with RIM/BlackBerry, KDAB is maintaining the QNX and BlackBerry 10 ports of Qt.[140][144]

Another participator is Intel, contributing for example Wayland support.[145] AudioCodes maintains IBM ClearCase support in Qt Creator.[146]

As a heavy user of Qt, the KDE project submits many patches and features from its developer library KDE Frameworks back to Qt.[147]

See also

Bibliography

Qt Wiki provides a comprehensive list of English books about Qt.[148] This is a list of notable books:

  • Bocklage-Ryannel, Juergen; Thelin, Johan (12 May 2015). "Qt 5 Cadaques" (1st ed.).
  • Blanchette, Jasmin; Summerfield, Mark (14 February 2008). C++ GUI Programming with Qt 4 (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-235416-5.
  • Summerfield, Mark (23 August 2010). Advanced Qt Programming: Creating Great Software with C++ and Qt 4 (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-321-63590-7.
  • Fitzek, Frank H. P.; Mikkonen, Tommi; Torp, Tony (17 May 2010). (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-75010-0. Archived from the original on 19 December 2009.
  • Summerfield, Mark (28 October 2007). Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt (1st ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-235418-9.
  • Molkentin, Daniel (19 July 2007). The Book of Qt 4: The Art of Building Qt Applications (1st ed.). No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-147-3.
  • Thelin, Johan (3 August 2007). (1st ed.). Apress. ISBN 978-1-59059-831-3. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  • Dalheimer, Matthias (January 2002). Programming with Qt (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-00064-6.
  • Ezust, Alan; Ezust, Paul (10 September 2006). An Introduction to Design Patterns in C++ with Qt 4 (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-187905-8.

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External links

 
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  • Official website  

March 22, 2023
software, company, formerly, known, software, company, confused, with, quicktime, pronounced, cute, cross, platform, software, creating, graphical, user, interfaces, well, cross, platform, applications, that, various, software, hardware, platforms, such, linux. For the company formerly known as Qt Software see The Qt Company Not to be confused with QuickTime Qt pronounced cute 7 8 9 is cross platform software for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux Windows macOS Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed QtScreenshotGUI designing in Qt Creator using the embedded Qt Designer on Windows 10Original author s Haavard Nord and Eirik Chambe Eng 1 Developer s Trolltech 1991 2008 Nokia 2008 2011 Qt Project 2011 present Digia 2012 2014 The Qt Company 2014 present Initial release20 May 1995 27 years ago 1995 05 20 1 Stable release6 4 3 2 16 March 2023 5 days ago 16 March 2023 Repositorycode wbr qt wbr io wbr cgit wbr qt wbr qtbase wbr git wbr Written inC C 17 Operating systemAndroid iOS Linux embedded Wayland X11 macOS Microsoft Windows WebAssembly 3 PlatformCross platformTypeCross platform software and Software development toolsLicenseQt Commercial License 4 GPL 2 0 3 0 5 LGPL 3 0 6 Websitewww wbr qt wbr ioQt is currently being developed by The Qt Company a publicly listed company and the Qt Project under open source governance involving individual developers and organizations working to advance Qt 10 11 12 Qt is available under both commercial licenses 4 and open source 13 GPL 2 0 GPL 3 0 and LGPL 3 0 licenses 5 6 Contents 1 Purposes and abilities 2 Qt releases 3 Qt in use 3 1 Desktop UIs 3 2 Embedded and mobile UIs 3 3 Applications using Qt 3 4 Organizations using Qt 4 Qt software architecture 4 1 Qt concepts 4 2 Qt modules 4 2 1 Qt essentials 4 2 2 Qt add ons 4 3 Editions 4 4 Supported platforms 4 5 Licensing 4 6 Qt tools 5 History of Qt 5 1 Early developments 5 2 Becoming free software friendly 5 3 Acquisition by Nokia 5 4 Merging and demerging with Digia 5 5 The Qt Project and open governance 5 6 Qt contributors 6 See also 7 Bibliography 8 References 9 External linksPurposes and abilities EditQt is used for developing graphical user interfaces GUIs and multi platform applications that run on all major desktop platforms and most mobile or embedded platforms Most GUI programs created with Qt have a native looking interface in which case Qt is classified as a widget toolkit Non GUI programs can also be developed such as command line tools and consoles for servers An example of such a non GUI program using Qt is the Cutelyst web framework 14 Qt supports various compilers including the GCC C compiler the Visual Studio suite PHP via an extension for PHP5 15 and has extensive internationalization support Qt also provides Qt Quick that includes a declarative scripting language called QML that allows using JavaScript to provide the logic With Qt Quick rapid application development for mobile devices became possible while logic can still be written with native code as well to achieve the best possible performance Other features include SQL database access XML parsing JSON parsing thread management and network support Qt releases EditSee also Qt version history The latest version of Qt is 6 4 Also still supported for commercial users are 5 15 LTS released on 26 May 2020 and 6 2 LTS 16 released on 30 September 2021 long term support LTS versions are generally supported for three years with a commercial license while 5 15 support was extended to five years so it is supported for longer or until 26 May 2025 In addition the KDE project provides unofficial support for at least Qt 5 15 i e not just for commercial users Qt in use EditIn 2017 the Qt Company estimated a community of about 1 million developers worldwide 17 in over 70 industries 18 Desktop UIs Edit KDE s mascot Konqi showing his Qt heart Graphical user interfaces and desktop environments that utilize Qt QML as widget toolkit KDE Plasma a libre desktop environment for various computing devices 19 DDE Deepin Desktop Environment of Linux Deepin 20 21 UKUI Ubuntu Kylin User Interface 22 CutefishDE 23 LXQt Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment Lumina a desktop environment designed for BSD based TrueOS 24 Lomiri formerly Unity8 25 a convergent desktop environment started by Canonical maintained by Ubports 26 Maui Shell a DE that also features their own app suite 27 Unity 2D a desktop shell written in Qt and Qml Trinity DE a continuously developed fork based on KDE3 28 SDDM a display manager that is X11 and Wayland compatible written in QML This is a display manager and not a desktop environment Embedded and mobile UIs Edit Actively developed or maintained AsteroidOS an open source operating system designed for smartwatches Avionics Panasonic s in flight entertainment system 29 30 Blackberry 10 a touchscreen based mobile OS by Blackberry Ltd Sailfish OS a mobile operating system developed by Jolla Plasma Mobile a touch based GUI developed by KDE LuneOS community driven successor for Palm HP webOS Nemo Mobile based on Mer Lomiri formerly known as Unity8 a phone UI developed by Ubports originally by Canonical Tesla Model S in car UI 31 webOS a multitask operating system from LG for smart devices like TVs and smartwatches Sky Q the home entertainment system of Sky plc 32 Available but inactive MeeGo handset amp tablet UX Qtopia a system by Nokia for embedded and mobile devicesApplications using Qt Edit See also Category Software that uses Qt and Category Proprietary software that uses Qt Many notable open source or proprietary cross platform software are using Qt or QML 010 Editor a commercial hex editor and text editor for Microsoft Windows Linux and macOS Ableton Live Adobe Photoshop Album 33 Adobe Photoshop Elements 34 AMD s Radeon Software Crimson Edition driver tool application 35 Audacious a music player for Linux Microsoft Windows and other Unix like operating systems Autodesk Maya 36 Autodesk 3ds Max 37 Bitcoin Core the reference bitcoin implementation Most bitcoin forks also provide the reference GUI Calibre ebook collection application 38 Celestia real time 3D simulator of the entire known universe Qt only available with v1 7 0 CryEngine V editor 39 DaVinci Resolve a video editor Dolphin emulator an emulator for the Wii and GameCube Dorico notation software Dragonframe 40 stop motion animation software EAGLE by CadSoft Computer Autodesk an EDA application with schematic capture PCB layout auto router and CAM features FreeMat free open source numerical computing environment Gambas free open source BASIC integrated development environment GoldenDict 41 Google Earth 42 Igor Pro a data analysis software Krita graphics editing and digital painting software 43 LMMS a cross platform music production software Mathematica a mathematical symbolic computation program sometimes termed a computer algebra system or program used in many scientific engineering mathematical and computing fields 44 Monero a privacy focused cryptocurrency implements its official desktop wallet software using Qt 45 MuseScore an open source multiplatform notation software OBS a libre cross platform screencast software Orange data mining suite 46 ParaView open source cross platform application for interactive scientific visualization 47 qBittorrent cross platform free and open source BitTorrent client 48 QGIS geographic information system 49 Qtractor Audio multitrack recorder and editing software QuiteRSS Feed Reader Retroshare F2F communication platform Roblox Studio a game creation tool used on the Roblox platform Scribus desktop publishing software 50 Sibelius music composition and notation software 51 Source 2 engine tools 52 a 3D video game engine developed by Valve Stellarium a planetarium program Subsurface a software for logging and planning scuba dives initially designed and developed by Linus Torvalds 53 SuperCollider an environment and programming language for real time audio synthesis and algorithmic composition Teamviewer a computer software package for remote control desktop sharing online meetings web conferencing and file transfer between computers 54 Telegram a messaging client available for Windows Mac and Linux 55 VirtualBox OS virtualization software 56 VLC media player 57 Wireshark a packet analyzer 58 WPS Office 59 XaoS a real time fractal zoomer XnView MP 60 Organizations using Qt Edit Qt is utilized by a wide range of companies and organizations such as AMD 61 Blizzard Entertainment 62 BMW 63 Crytek 39 Daimler AG 64 65 Electronic Arts 66 European Space Agency 67 DreamWorks 68 69 LG 70 Lucasfilm 71 72 Microsoft 73 Panasonic 74 Philips 75 Robert Bosch GmbH 76 Samsung 77 Siemens 78 Tesla 79 Tomtom 80 Volvo 81 German Air Traffic Control 82 HP 83 Walt Disney Animation Studios 84 Valve 85 Nokta 86 Qt software architecture Edit Example of Qt usage in Linux based systems Qt concepts Edit Qt is built on these key concepts Complete abstraction of the GUI When first released Qt used its own paint engine and controls emulating the look of the different platforms it runs on when it drew its widgets This made the porting work easier because very few classes in Qt really depended on the target platform however this occasionally led to slight discrepancies where that emulation was imperfect Recent versions of Qt use the native style APIs of the different platforms on platforms that have a native widget set to query metrics and draw most controls and do not suffer from such issues as often 87 On some platforms such as MeeGo and KDE Qt is the native API Some other portable graphical toolkits have made different design decisions for example wxWidgets uses the toolkits of the target platform for its implementations Signals and slots A language construct introduced in Qt for communication between objects 88 which makes it easy to implement the observer pattern while avoiding boilerplate code The concept is that GUI widgets can send signals containing event information which can be received by other controls using special functions known as slots Metaobject compiler The metaobject compiler termed moc is a tool that is run on the sources of a Qt program It interprets certain macros from the C code as annotations and uses them to generate added C code with meta information about the classes used in the program This meta information is used by Qt to provide programming features not available natively in C signals and slots introspection and asynchronous function calls Language bindings Qt can be used in several programming languages other than C such as Python Javascript C and Rust 89 via language bindings many languages have bindings for Qt 5 and bindings for Qt 4 Qt modules Edit Starting with Qt 4 0 the framework was split into individual modules 90 91 With Qt 5 0 the architecture was modularized even further 92 93 Qt is now split into essential and add on modules 94 Qt essentials Edit Module DescriptionQt Core The only required Qt module containing classes used by other modules including the meta object system concurrency and threading containers event system plugins and I O facilities Qt GUI The central GUI module In Qt 5 this module now depends on OpenGL but no longer contains any widget classes Qt Widgets Contains classes for classic widget based GUI applications and the QSceneGraph classes Was split off from QtGui in Qt 5 Qt QML Module for QML and JavaScript languages Qt Quick The module for GUI application written using QML2 Qt Quick Controls Widget like controls for Qt Quick intended mainly for desktop applications Qt Quick Layouts Layouts for arranging items in Qt Quick Qt Network Network abstraction layer Complete with support for TCP UDP HTTP TLS SSL in Qt 4 and SPDY since Qt 5 3 Qt Multimedia Classes for audio video radio and camera functionality Qt Multimedia Widgets The widgets from Qt Multimedia Qt SQL Contains classes for database integration using SQL Qt WebEngine A new set of Qt Widget and QML webview APIs based on Chromium Qt Test Classes for unit testing Qt applications and libraries Qt add ons Edit Module DescriptionActive Qt Classes for applications which use ActiveX Qt Charts Provides functionality and widgets to plot charts of many kindsQt Bluetooth Classes accessing Bluetooth hardware Qt D Bus Classes for IPC using the D Bus protocol Qt NFC Classes accessing NFC hardware Only officially supported on BlackBerry hardware so far or N9 in the MeeGo port Qt OpenGL Legacy module containing the OpenGL classes from Qt 4 In Qt 5 the similar functionality in Qt GUI is recommended Qt Location Classes for accessing GPS and other location services and for mapping and navigation Split off from the Qt 4 Mobility module of Qt Location Supported on Android BlackBerry iOS Linux using GeoClue Windows and Sailfish OS Qt Quick 3D Classes for rendering 3D models video games simulations and 3D user interfaces with a Qt QML API into a mixed 2D and 3D scene graph Qt Script Legacy module for scripting Qt application using ECMAScript JavaScript In Qt 5 using similar classes in Qt QML is recommended Qt Sensors Classes for accessing various mobile hardware sensors Used to be part of Qt Mobile in Qt 4 Supported on Android BlackBerry iOS WinRT Mer and Linux Qt Serial Port Classes for access to hardware and virtual serial ports Supported on Windows Linux and macOS Qt WebChannel Provides access to Qt objects to HTML Js over WebSockets Qt WebKit Qt s WebKit implementation and API Qt WebKit Widgets The widget API for Qt WebKitQt WebSockets Provides a WebSocket implementation Qt XML Legacy module containing classes for SAX and DOM style XML APIs Replaced with QXmlStreamReader and QXmlStreamWriter classes in Qt Core Qt XML Patterns Support for XPath XQuery XSLT and XML Schema validation Editions Edit There are four editions of Qt available Community Indie Mobile Professional and Enterprise 95 The Community version is under the open source licenses while the Indie Mobile Professional and Enterprise versions which contain additional functionality and libraries e g Enterprise Controls 95 are commercially sold by The Qt Company Supported platforms Edit Main article List of platforms supported by Qt Qt works on many different platforms the following are officially supported Platform DescriptionLinux UnixX11 Qt for X Window System Linux 96 FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD have community support Wayland Qt applications can switch between graphical backends like X and Wayland at load time with the platform command line option 97 98 This allows a seamless transition of Qt applications from X11 to Wayland SailfishOS uses Wayland only as it doesn t have X11 99 Android Qt for Android 100 formerly known as Necessitas 101 Embedded Linux Qt for embedded platforms personal digital assistant smartphone etc 102 Exists as multiple platforms depending on display technology DirectFB LinuxFB and EGLFS EGL Full Screen Microsoft platformsWindows Qt for Microsoft Windows 7 103 8 and 10 104 Windows RT Support for WinRT based Windows 10 Mobile apps and Windows 10 IoT 105 Apple platformsmacOS Qt for Apple macOS supports applications on Cocoa 106 iOS Qt for iOS platforms iPhone iPad 107 Other embedded platformsIntegrity Qt for Integrity 108 QNX Qt for QNX 109 110 VxWorks Qt for VxWorks 111 112 Only available under a proprietary commercial license Qt 5 5 After Nokia opened the Qt source code to the community on Gitorious various ports appeared There are also some ports of Qt that may be available but are not supported anymore These platforms are listed in List of platforms supported by Qt See also there for current community support for other lesser known platforms such as SailfishOS Licensing Edit Qt is available under the following free software licenses 13 GPL 2 0 GPL 3 0 LGPL 3 0 and LGPL 2 1 with Qt special exception 5 113 Note that some modules are available only under a GPL license which means that applications which link to these modules need to comply with that license 114 In addition Qt has always been available under a commercial license like the Qt Commercial License 4 that allows developing proprietary applications with no restrictions on licensing Qt tools Edit See also Qt Creator Qt comes with its own set of tools to ease cross platform development which can otherwise be cumbersome due to different set of development tools Qt Creator is a cross platform IDE for C and QML Qt Designer s GUI layout design functionality is integrated into the IDE although Qt Designer can still be started as a standalone tool In addition to Qt Creator Qt provides qmake a cross platform build script generation tool that automates the generation of Makefiles for development projects across different platforms There are other tools available in Qt including the Qt Designer interface builder and the Qt Assistant help browser which are both embedded in Qt Creator the Qt Linguist translation tool uic user interface compiler and moc Meta Object Compiler History of Qt EditEarly developments Edit In the summer of 1990 Haavard Nord and Eirik Chambe Eng the original developers of Qt and the CEO and President respectively of Trolltech were working together on a database application for ultrasound images written in C and running on Mac OS Unix and Microsoft Windows 1 115 They began development of Qt in 1991 three years before the company was incorporated as Quasar Technologies then changed the name to Troll Tech and then to Trolltech 1 The toolkit was called Qt because the letter Q looked appealing in Haavard s Emacs typeface and t was inspired by Xt the X toolkit 1 The first two versions of Qt had only two flavors Qt X11 for Unix and Qt Windows for Windows On 20 May 1995 Troll Tech publicly released Qt 0 90 for X11 Linux with the source code under the Qt Free Edition License 116 117 118 This license was viewed as not compliant with the free software definition by Free Software Foundation because while the source was available it did not allow the redistribution of modified versions Trolltech used this license until version 1 45 Controversy erupted around 1998 when it became clear that the K Desktop Environment was going to become one of the leading desktop environments for Linux As it was based on Qt many people in the free software movement worried that an essential piece of one of their major operating systems would be proprietary The Windows platform was available only under a proprietary license which meant free open source applications written in Qt for X11 could not be ported to Windows without purchasing the proprietary edition Becoming free software friendly Edit With the release of version 2 0 of the toolkit in mid 1999 the license was changed to the Q Public License QPL a free software license but one regarded by the Free Software Foundation as incompatible with the GPL Compromises were sought between KDE and Trolltech whereby Qt would not be able to fall under a more restrictive license than the QPL even if Trolltech was bought out or went bankrupt This led to the creation of the KDE Free Qt foundation 119 which guarantees that Qt would fall under a BSD style license should no free open source version of Qt be released during 12 months 120 121 In 2000 Qt X11 2 2 was released under the GPL v2 122 ending all controversy regarding GPL compatibility At the end of 2001 Trolltech released Qt 3 0 which added support for Mac OS X now known as macOS The Mac OS X support was available only in the proprietary license until June 2003 when Trolltech released Qt 3 2 with Mac OS X support available under the GPL In 2002 members of the KDE on Cygwin project began porting the GPL licensed Qt X11 code base to Windows 123 This was in response to Trolltech s refusal to license Qt Windows under the GPL on the grounds that Windows was not a free open source software platform 124 125 The project achieved reasonable success although it never reached production quality This was resolved when Trolltech released Qt 4 0 also for Windows under the GPL in June 2005 126 Qt 4 supported the same set of platforms in the free software open source editions as in the proprietary edition so it is possible with Qt 4 0 and later releases to create GPL licensed free open source applications using Qt on all supported platforms The GPL v3 with special exception 127 was later added as an added licensing option The GPL exception allows the final application to be licensed under various GPL incompatible free software open source licenses such as the Mozilla Public License 1 1 Acquisition by Nokia Edit Nokia acquired Trolltech ASA on 17 June 2008 and changed the name first to Qt Software then to Qt Development Frameworks Nokia focused on turning Qt into the main development platform for its devices including a port to the Symbian S60 platform Version 1 0 of the Nokia Qt SDK was released on 23 June 2010 128 The source code was made available over Gitorious a community oriented git source code repository with a goal of creating a broader community using and improving Qt On 14 January 2009 Qt version 4 5 added another option the LGPL 129 to make Qt more attractive for both non GPL open source projects and closed applications 130 In February 2011 Nokia announced its decision to drop Symbian technologies and base their future smartphones on the Windows Phone platform instead and since then support for that platform has also been dropped 131 One month later Nokia announced the sale of Qt s commercial licensing and professional services to Digia with the immediate goal of taking Qt support to Android iOS and Windows 8 platforms and to continue focusing on desktop and embedded development although Nokia was to remain the main development force behind the framework at that time Merging and demerging with Digia Edit In March 2011 Nokia sold the commercial licensing part of Qt to Digia creating Qt Commercial 132 In August 2012 Digia announced that it would acquire Qt from Nokia 133 The Qt team at Digia started their work in September 2012 134 They released Qt 5 0 within a month and newer versions every six months with new features and additional supported platforms In September 2014 Digia transferred the Qt business and copyrights to their wholly owned subsidiary The Qt Company which owns 25 brands 135 related to Qt In May 2016 Digia and Qt demerged completely into two independent companies 136 The Qt Project and open governance Edit Main article Qt Project Qt 5 was officially released on 19 December 2012 This new version marked a major change in the platform with hardware accelerated graphics QML and JavaScript playing a major role The traditional C only QWidgets continued to be supported but did not benefit from the performance improvements available through the new architecture 137 Qt 5 brings significant improvements to the speed and ease of developing user interfaces 138 Framework development of Qt 5 moved to open governance at qt project org which made it possible for developers outside Digia to submit patches for review 139 Qt contributors Edit Distribution of non Digia Qt contributors 2013 Week 18 Aside from The Qt Company many organizations and individuals using Qt as their development platform participate in the open development of Qt via the Qt Project 140 One such Qt contributor is Klaralvdalens Datakonsult AB a Swedish Qt consulting company 141 KDAB is involved in many areas including maintenance of several components 142 143 Together with RIM BlackBerry KDAB is maintaining the QNX and BlackBerry 10 ports of Qt 140 144 Another participator is Intel contributing for example Wayland support 145 AudioCodes maintains IBM ClearCase support in Qt Creator 146 As a heavy user of Qt the KDE project submits many patches and features from its developer library KDE Frameworks back to Qt 147 See also EditList of widget toolkits Android software development iOS SDK Wt web toolkit Bibliography EditQt Wiki provides a comprehensive list of English books about Qt 148 This is a list of notable books Bocklage Ryannel Juergen Thelin Johan 12 May 2015 Qt 5 Cadaques 1st ed Blanchette Jasmin Summerfield Mark 14 February 2008 C GUI Programming with Qt 4 2nd ed Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 235416 5 Summerfield Mark 23 August 2010 Advanced Qt Programming Creating Great Software with C and Qt 4 1st ed Addison Wesley ISBN 978 0 321 63590 7 Fitzek Frank H P Mikkonen Tommi Torp Tony 17 May 2010 Qt for Symbian 1st ed Wiley ISBN 978 0 470 75010 0 Archived from the original on 19 December 2009 Summerfield Mark 28 October 2007 Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt 1st ed Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 235418 9 Molkentin Daniel 19 July 2007 The Book of Qt 4 The Art of Building Qt Applications 1st ed No Starch Press ISBN 978 1 59327 147 3 Thelin Johan 3 August 2007 Foundations of Qt Development 1st ed Apress ISBN 978 1 59059 831 3 Archived from the original on 20 January 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Dalheimer Matthias January 2002 Programming with Qt 2nd ed O Reilly Media ISBN 978 0 596 00064 6 Ezust Alan Ezust Paul 10 September 2006 An Introduction to Design Patterns in C with Qt 4 2nd ed Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 187905 8 References Edit a b c d e Blanchette Jasmin Summerfield Mark June 2006 A Brief History of Qt C GUI Programming with Qt 4 1st ed Prentice Hall pp xv xvii Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 Retrieved 5 August 2013 Qt 6 4 3 Released 16 March 2023 Retrieved 16 March 2023 Supported Platforms a b c Licenses a b c New agreement with the KDE Free Qt Foundation and changes for the open source version The Qt Company a b Adding LGPL v3 to Qt 20 August 2014 Qt About Us Archived from the original on 22 February 2017 That Smartphone Is So Qt Ashlee Vance 16 February 2010 Retrieved 19 February 2010 The Qt 4 Dance video YouTube Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 Retrieved 7 September 2015 Pintscher Lydia 21 October 2011 KDE Applauds Qt s Move to Open Governance KDE News Retrieved 8 May 2013 Meyer David 24 October 2011 Nokia gives Qt open source governance ZDNet Retrieved 8 May 2013 Knoll Lars 6 August 2014 Defragmenting Qt and Uniting Our Ecosystem a b Company The Qt Legal FAQ Qt www qt io Retrieved 25 April 2019 Cutelyst Home PHP Qt the Qt extension for php www php qt org 10 October 2020 Archived from the original on 12 October 2020 Retrieved 12 October 2020 Qt 6 2 2 Released Qt The Qt Company 1 December 2021 Retrieved 6 December 2021 QT GROUP OYJ Managers Transactions 12 4 2017 12 April 2017 Retrieved 8 June 2017 Shneor Rotem 2012 Handbook of Research on Born Globals Chapter 10 Born Global Firms Internet and New Forms of Internationalization ISBN 9780857938046 Retrieved 8 June 2017 The KDE development platform Marius Nestor 24 December 2015 Beautifully Crafted Deepin 15 Linux OS Drops Ubuntu for Debian Sid RC Out Now The Deepin desktop environment has been refactored in the latest Qt GUI toolkit replacing the HTML5 and WebKit frameworks while Go is still used for the backend 深度操作系统 15 RC 用真心捕获你的芳心 深度科技社区 Deepin org 23 December 2015 Retrieved 15 June 2017 Joey Sneddon 5 February 2020 Wowser the UKUI 3 0 Desktop Looks Phenomenal Updated omg ubuntu OMGUbuntu Review 11 June 2021 Lumina Homepage Lomiri New name Same Great Unity8 ubports com 12 July 2019 Unity8 Code Repository on Github Github com 13 September 2022 Review by Tylers Tech channel YouTube About Trinity www trinitydesktop org Retrieved 25 April 2019 X Series Qt based graphical user interface Archived from the original on 23 February 2016 Retrieved 14 March 2016 Avionics powered by Qt 17 June 2015 Qt Interface Sky teams up with The QT Company on Sky Q 19 April 2016 Blanchette Jasmin Summerfield Mark 4 February 2008 C GUI Programming with Qt4 By Jasmin Blanchette Mark Summerfield ISBN 9780132703000 Zerfos Petros Montanari Rebecca Phan Thomas 11 May 2010 Mobile Computing Applications and Services First International ICST Conference MobiCASE 2009 San Diego CA USA October 26 29 2009 Revised Selected Papers Edited by Petros Zerfos Rebecca Montanari Thomas Phan ISBN 9783642126062 Walton Mark 2 November 2015 AMD Radeon Software Crimson A new name and a new look for Catalyst Qt in Autodesk Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 What s New 3ds Max 2018 SDK help autodesk com Retrieved 14 June 2019 3ds Max 2018 now uses Qt 5 6 2 and plug ins can build UIs in Qt using the standard GPL Qt 5 6 2 distribution and the Visual Studio 2015 Qt add on Plugin devs Upcoming migration to Qt 6 MobileRead Forums a b An update on our Sandbox interface and the Legacy Editor Dyami Caliri Qt Champion 2014 GitHub GoldenDict Google Earth Includes a Web Browser Googlesystem Blogspot de 15 June 2010 Retrieved 8 April 2013 Krita 3 0 Released 31 May 2016 Retrieved 5 September 2017 Mathematica by Wolfram Research Archived from the original on 29 May 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Monero GUI GitHub 2 June 2022 Orange3 Data Mining Suite GitHub 3 June 2022 Parallel Data Analysis and Visualization Application based on VTK Qbittorrent GitHub 18 February 2022 PyQGIS Developer Cookbook Introduction qgis org Retrieved 1 March 2017 the whole QGIS code depends on Qt libraries Scribus Development Sibelius the leading music composition and notation software www sibelius com Retrieved 19 October 2016 Panorama Valve Developer Community Retrieved 28 April 2017 Subsurface 4 0 has been released 15 December 2013 TeamViewer 13 Telegram desktop messaging app GitHub 17 February 2022 VBoxMainLogging Oracle VM VirtualBox Qt Interface Qt Application Framework wps community 14 June 2017 wps i18n KSO WPS internationalization support Retrieved 15 June 2017 via GitHub XnView MP AMD s Radeon Software Crimson Edition Retrieved 30 June 2016 Blizzard s additions modifications to Qt GitHub 28 April 2021 QtWS16 Qt Creator as BMW Car IT Automotive IDE Helio Chissini de Castro BMW Car IT Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 Qt selected for In Vehicle Infotainment IVI Systems by leading automotive OEMs Press release Built with Qt Mercedes Benz Generation EQ Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 Open Source Electronic Arts Qt in the European Space Agency Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Behind the Scenes at DreamWorks Animation Making the Apps that Make the Movies Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 UI amp System Design Challenges for the NxG Lighting Tool Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 Porter Jon 26 June 2019 LG tries to bring webOS to cars robots and the smart home with new partnership The Verge Retrieved 28 April 2020 Lucasfilm Entertainment Company Ltd Qt in Visual Effects Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Qt World Summit talk Panasonic selects Qt for HD video system Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Qt in IP Communications Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Bosch DruckMessWT built with Qt January 2019 Qt in Home Media Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Qt helped Siemens deliver a C development platform for manufacturing 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Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Qt software amp oldid 1145814486, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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