Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle
The wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle was held on Saturday 19 May 2018 in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in the United Kingdom. The groom is a member of the British royal family; the bride is American and previously worked as an actress, blogger,[1] charity ambassador,[2] and advocate.[3][note 1] On the morning of the wedding, Prince Harry's grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, conferred upon him the titles of Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel. Upon her marriage, Markle became a princess of the United Kingdom and gained the style Her Royal Highness and titles Duchess of Sussex, Countess of Dumbarton and Baroness Kilkeel. Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury, officiated at the wedding using the standard Anglican church service for Holy Matrimony published in Common Worship, a liturgical text of the Church of England.[4][5] The traditional ceremony was noted for the inclusion of African-American culture.[6]
Carriage procession in an Ascot Landau | |
| Date | 19 May 2018 |
|---|---|
| Venue | St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle |
| Location | Windsor, Berkshire, England |
| Participants | |
Announcement of engagement edit
Prince Harry is the second son of King Charles III (then the Prince of Wales) and Diana, Princess of Wales. He and Meghan Markle, an American actress best known for her role in the Canadian-American legal-drama television series Suits, began their relationship in mid-2016.[7] According to the couple, they first connected with each other via Instagram,[8] though they have also said that they were set up on a blind date by a mutual friend in July 2016.[7][9] The relationship was made public by the press on 31 October 2016,[10] and it was officially acknowledged on 8 November 2016, when a statement was released from the Prince's communications secretary addressing the "wave of abuse and harassment" directed toward Markle.[11]
On 27 November 2017, Clarence House announced that Harry would marry Markle in the spring of 2018.[12] They were engaged earlier in London after Harry asked Markle to marry him in Kensington Palace's north garden.[13] The Prince gave Markle a bespoke engagement ring made by Cleave and Company, the court jewellers and medallists to the Queen, consisting of a large central diamond from Botswana, with two smaller diamonds from his mother's jewellery collection.[14][note 2] At the same time, it was announced that they would live at Nottingham Cottage in the grounds of Kensington Palace following their marriage.[17]
Harry's grandparents Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip expressed their delight at the news, while congratulations came in from various political leaders, including the British prime minister, Theresa May, and the leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn. After the announcement, the couple gave an exclusive interview to Mishal Husain of BBC News.[17]
During the public announcement of the engagement at Kensington Palace's Sunken Gardens, Markle wore a bottle knee-length emerald green dress with bow detailing at the cinched waist by Italian label P.A.R.O.S.H and a white trench coat by Canadian brand Line the Label.[18][19] Hours after the announcement, the website of Line the Label crashed down due to the number of people who were trying to order the coat.[14][20]
Markle is the second American[note 3] and the first person of mixed race heritage to marry into the British royal family.[21] The engagement announcement prompted much comment about the possible social significance of Markle becoming a proudly mixed-race royal.[22][23][24][25][26]
Under the terms of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, the first six persons in the line of succession require the Sovereign's consent in order to marry. Harry was fifth in line at the time of his engagement.[27] The Queen's consent was declared to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom on 14 March 2018.[28][29]
Although Markle attended a private Catholic school in her early years, she is not Roman Catholic.[30] On 6 March 2018, she was baptised and confirmed into the Church of England by the archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, at St. James's Palace.[31] Although Markle was divorced, the Anglican Church has permitted marriage to divorced persons with a living former spouse since 2002.[32][33] After the engagement, Markle began the years-long process of becoming a British citizen.[34] She retained her U.S. citizenship during the process,[35] which was expected to create tax complications if she were to acquire dual nationality.[36] The couple was invited to celebrate Christmas 2017 with the royal family at the Queen's Sandringham estate.[37] The official engagement photographs were taken by Alexi Lubomirski (a former assistant to Mario Testino) at Frogmore House, and were issued by Kensington Palace on 21 December 2017.[38] In two of the three photographs that were released to the public, Meghan is shown wearing a black tulle gown with gold embroidery by Ralph & Russo.[38]
To mark the wedding of Harry and Meghan, the Royal Mint produced an official UK £5 coin, showing the couple in profile.[39] In May, a set of commemorative postage stamps, featuring the couple's official engagement photographs, was issued by Royal Mail.[40]
Wedding edit
Planning edit
Unlike the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the wedding day of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle was not declared a bank holiday.[41] The wedding was on the same date as the FA Cup Final, which Prince Harry's brother William normally attends in his role as President of the Football Association.[42] Holding the royal wedding on a weekend is a break with the royal tradition of having weddings on a weekday.[43] On 12 February 2018, Kensington Palace announced that the ceremony would commence at 12:00 Midday BST.
Venue edit
The wedding took place on Saturday, 19 May 2018, at St George's Chapel, Windsor.[44] The chapel had previously been the venue for the weddings of Prince Harry's uncle, the Earl of Wessex, as well as that of his cousin, Peter Phillips, and for the blessing of the marriage of the then Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, Harry's stepmother.[45]
Cost edit
The royal family announced that they would pay for the wedding.[46] The costs for the cake, the florist, and the catering had been estimated to be £50,000, £110,000, and £286,000 respectively,[47] and the overall cost was expected to be around £32 million.[48] The security costs were expected to be lower than those of the 2011 wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.[49] By the end of May, it was estimated that the security costs were "between £2 million and £4 million". The police and crime commissioner could also apply for special funding if the costs were to exceed 1% of the Thames Valley Police force's annual budget, but at the time the cost was "well below the £4 million required to make a claim".[50] The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead reportedly spent £2.6 million on cleaning the town and roads.[49] It was predicted that the wedding would trigger a tourism boom and boost the economy by up to £500 million.[51] It was later estimated that the wedding generated £1 billion for the British economy, including an additional £300 million brought in by foreign tourists for travel and accommodation and £50 million spent on merchandise and souvenirs.[52]
Wedding attire edit
The wedding invitations specified a dress code for men of "Dress Uniform, Morning Coat or Lounge Suit"; for women, "Day Dress and Hat".[53]
Bride and bridesmaids edit
The wedding dress was designed by the British designer Clare Waight Keller under the aegis of the fashion house Givenchy.[54] It was made of "double-bonded silk cady cushioned by an underskirt in triple silk organza" and had a boat neckline, long sleeves and sweeping train.[55][56] The silk veil was 16 feet (4.9 m) long and was embroidered with 55 flowers, representing the 53 countries of the Commonwealth,[55][57] as well as Wintersweet, which grows in front of Nottingham Cottage, where she and Harry lived, and the California Poppy, the state flower of California.[58] It was secured by a diamond bandeau tiara, made in 1932 for Queen Mary and lent to Markle by Queen Elizabeth II.[55][59] The centre brooch had been a wedding gift from the County of Lincoln in 1893. The tiara is a platinum band, made up of eleven sections, a detachable centre brooch with interlaced opals and diamonds.[60] The shoes were also from Givenchy, and had a pointed couture design.[55]
Other ensembles worn by the bride included white gold and diamond earrings and bracelet made by Cartier.[55][59][61] Markle's hair was rolled up with "face-framing fringe tucked behind her ears",[62] and was done by Serge Normant.[63] Dior make-up artist Daniel Martin did Markle's makeup for the occasion.[62][64] The look was described as "a soft brown eyeshadow" with minimal makeup on the face.[62] Her nails were painted in a "neutral pink-y beige" for the ceremony.[65] The bride's bouquet, designed by Philippa Craddock, contained "forget-me-nots, scented sweet peas, lily of the valley, astilbe, jasmine and astrantia, and sprigs of myrtle from a plant grown from the myrtle used in the Queen's wedding bouquet".[55] The flowers were chosen by the groom who handpicked forget-me-nots in honour of his late mother Diana, Princess of Wales.[55][66]
After the wedding the bridal bouquet was placed on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior at Westminster Abbey, following royal tradition that began with Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[67] For the customary bridal themes of "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue", Markle had a piece of fabric from Diana's wedding dress sewn into her dress (the "old"), her bracelet and earrings (the "new"), the Queen's tiara (the "borrowed"), and a piece of fabric from the dress she wore on their first date stitched into the veil (the "blue").[68][69][70] The young bridesmaids also wore high-waisted silk dresses designed by Clare Waight Keller which had puff sleeves.[71]
Groom, best man and page boys edit
Prince Harry and the Duke of Cambridge wore the frock coat uniform of the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons) in which both were commissioned,[note 4] and Prince Harry served for 10 years, including in combat in Afghanistan.[72] The uniforms were made by Dege & Skinner, gentleman's tailors and uniform makers, of Savile Row, London.[73][74] The groom asked for and received the Queen's permission to keep his beard, as beards are only permitted under exceptional circumstances in the British Army.[72] Prince Harry wore the rank of major with the star of the Royal Victorian Order, of which he is a Knight Commander, along with the ribbons of the Royal Victorian Order, Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan, Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal and Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and Army Air Corps wings.[75]
Prince William, also with the rank of major, had the EIIR cypher on his shoulder straps and gold aiguillettes on his right shoulder (indicating his position as an aide-de-camp to the Queen), and wore the star of the Order of the Garter, the ribbons of the two jubilee medals, and his RAF wings.[73][76] The pageboys wore uniforms by Dege & Skinner that resembled the uniform of the Blues and Royals worn by the groom and best man. Each page boy had his initials on the shoulders in place of rank badges.[73]
Wedding party edit
On 26 April 2018, Kensington Palace announced that Prince Harry had selected his older brother, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, as his best man.[77][78] There was initially no confirmation as to whether Prince William would miss the FA Cup Final, which he would normally attend in his role as President of The Football Association, or if he would be able to attend both the wedding and the football match. A statement from Kensington Palace that the timing of the wedding would not clash with the match was released in December 2017.[79] However, it was confirmed that the Duke would not be attending the final that day.[80][81]
There were suggestions that the bride's friend Jessica Mulroney, daughter-in-law of former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, would be her matron of honour.[82][83] In early May 2018, there was confirmation that there would be no maid or matron of honour, and that the bridesmaids and page boys would all be children.[84] A total of ten bridesmaids and page boys were chosen, with the bride and groom each selecting five: two of Markle's godchildren, seven-year old Rylan Litt and her six-year-old sister Remi, as well as Brian, John and Ivy Mulroney, the three children of her friend Jessica Mulroney, were chosen by the bride, while Prince Harry's nephew and niece, Prince George and Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, as well as his godchildren Florence van Cutsem, Zalie Warren and Jasper Dyer, were selected by the groom.[85][86]
On 18 May 2018, Kensington Palace announced Prince Charles would accompany Markle down the aisle, after she confirmed her father, Thomas Markle Sr., would not be attending the wedding due to his recent heart surgery.[87][88] The bride spent the night before the wedding at Cliveden House along with her mother, while the groom stayed at Coworth Park Hotel with his brother.[89][90] Markle made her way to the church accompanied by her mother.[91]
Approximately 250 members of the British Armed Forces were involved in the wedding, the majority coming from units that have a connection with Prince Harry:[92]
- Members of the Household Cavalry formed a staircase party at the chapel, and also rode as escort.[note 5]
- Street liners came from:
Wedding service edit
The wedding service was conducted according to the Christian liturgy for Holy Matrimony as set out in Common Worship of the Church of England, mother Church of the Anglican Communion.[5]
From 8.00 am, the public started to arrive at the grounds of Windsor Castle. The main congregation and the guests[95] all started to arrive at the chapel at 9.30 am, followed by members of the Royal Family. The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh were the last members of the Royal Family to depart for the ceremony, as is tradition, arriving at the chapel at 11.52 am.[96] Shortly after, Markle arrived with the party of junior attendants. She proceeded down the aisle followed by the attendants, where the Prince of Wales met her to escort her through the quire of the chapel. He accompanied her to the altar, where Prince Harry was standing.[97][98]
Prince Harry's maternal aunt, Baroness Fellowes, read a scripture lesson from The Song of Solomon in the Christian Bible. The Dean of Windsor, David Conner, conducted the service with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, performing the marriage ceremony. The sermon was delivered by Michael Curry, presiding bishop and primate of the Episcopal Church (the American member church of the Anglican Communion).[99][100] Curry's 14-minute address, which quoted Martin Luther King Jr., emphasised the redemptive property of love.[101][102] Chaplain to the Queen Rose Hudson-Wilkin and Coptic Orthodox Archbishop of London Anba Angaelos offered the prayers.[103]
The marriage vows were those published in Common Worship, and included the promise "to love and to cherish" each other.[104] This was sealed by the exchange of rings.[104] The wedding rings were created by Cleave and Company, with Markle's ring being fashioned out of Welsh gold and the Prince's ring made of platinum.[105] After the signing of the registers, Harry and Markle together with the guests sang the national anthem. The couple paused briefly to bow and curtsey to the Queen before walking down the aisle.[106] They were followed in procession by other members of the bridal party, and their families.[104] The couple shared a kiss on the steps outside the chapel.[107]
Music edit
Hymns sung at the wedding included "Lord of All Hopefulness" and "Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer".[108] Prince Harry was seen wiping away a tear during the congregational singing of the latter, which was a favourite of his mother, Diana, Princess of Wales, and was sung at her funeral in 1997;[109] it was also the opening hymn to William's wedding in 2011.
Two choirs, an orchestra, the chapel organ, played by Luke Bond, and fanfare trumpeters provided music for the service. The orchestra was made up of musicians from the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, the English Chamber Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra. In addition to the Choir of St George's Chapel, the Kingdom Choir, a gospel group led by Karen Gibson, sang "Stand By Me" in what was described as "an incredible and powerful moment", as the couple were sitting down.[110] The Kingdom Choir was asked by Prince Charles to perform at the service.[111] The State Trumpeters of the Household Cavalry, who played a fanfare, included Kate Sandford, the first female state trumpeter at a British royal wedding.[112] The music was under the overall direction of James Vivian, the chapel's Organist and Director of Music; and the orchestra was conducted by Christopher Warren-Green.[113][114]
The bride walked down the aisle to "Eternal source of light divine" (from Handel's Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne), sung by soprano Elin Manahan Thomas, with the trumpet obbligato performed by David Blackadder.[103] Other music during the service included the motet "If Ye Love Me" by Thomas Tallis; the song "Stand by Me" by Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller and Ben E. King, arranged for choir by Mark Delisser; and "The Lord bless you and keep you" by John Rutter. During the signing of the register, 19-year-old cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason and the orchestra played Sicilienne attributed to Maria Theresia von Paradis, Fauré's Après un rêve, and an arrangement for cello and orchestra of Schubert's "Ave Maria". For the procession, the musicians performed the Allegro from the Symphony No. 1 in B-flat major by William Boyce and "This Little Light of Mine" by Etta James, Jester Hairston and Harry Dixon Loes.[115]
Family celebrations edit
Following the ceremony, there was a carriage procession through Windsor. Two receptions were held; the first, for those attending the ceremony, was hosted by the Queen and took place in St George's Hall after the carriage procession. Singer Elton John performed for the guests, and the groom and the Prince of Wales each gave a speech.[72] A second reception at Frogmore House, for family and close friends and hosted by the Prince of Wales, occurred later in the day.[99] Harry drove his new wife to the reception at Frogmore in a loaned silver blue Jaguar E-Type Concept Zero.[116]
For the evening reception, the Duchess of Sussex wore a halter-neck, open back dress by Stella McCartney and an emerald cut aquamarine ring formerly belonging to Diana, Princess of Wales.[117][118] George Northwood was her hairstylist for the private party.[118] In a break with tradition, the bride made a speech at the event.[72] The Duke of Cambridge also gave a best man's speech. DJ Idris Elba and The Atlantic Soul Orchestra performed at the event.[119][120][121] Elba, who was invited by Harry, notably played "Still D.R.E." at Meghan's request during the reception.[122] The setlist given to him by Meghan also included Whitney Houston's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody".[123] The event ended with small fireworks displayed above Frogmore House.[124]
The wedding cake was a layered lemon and elderflower cake decorated with peonies in shades of white and cream.[125] The cake designer Claire Ptak, based in London, was chosen in March 2018.[126]
Three official wedding photos were released. They were taken by photographer Alexi Lubomirski at Windsor Castle following the ceremony.[127]
Guests edit
In April 2018, it was announced that an "official list" of domestic and international political leaders was not required for the wedding and that Prime Minister Theresa May, Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn, and other leaders would not attend the ceremony. President of the United States Donald Trump and former president Barack Obama were also not invited.[128] This was in contrast to the wedding of Prince Harry's elder brother, which had a large number of such guests due to his position as a future monarch.[129] The decision not to invite political leaders to the wedding was taken in part because of the limitations of the venue, and also took into account Prince Harry's position as sixth in line to the throne.[129] The only politician invited was the former Prime Minister Sir John Major as he previously was "a special guardian on legal matters to Princes William and Harry after the death of their mother".[72]
With a smaller ceremony and reception at St George's Hall, the guest list included approximately 600 people, most of whom have a "direct relationship" with the couple.[130] Also, 200 close friends of the couple were invited to attend the evening reception at Frogmore House.[131] Approximately 1,200 members of the public were invited to greet the couple outside the chapel in the grounds of Windsor Castle.[130] The invitees outside the chapel were "people from charities, Windsor Castle community members, people from the royal households and the Crown Estate, and local school children".[132]
Sarah, Duchess of York, the former wife of Prince Andrew, was invited to the wedding even though she had not been invited to the weddings of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011, Peter Phillips and Autumn Kelly in 2008, or Zara Phillips and Mike Tindall in 2011. However, she was not invited to the evening reception at Frogmore House hosted by Prince Charles and was reportedly "deeply upset" by her omission.[133]
Amongst non-royal notable guests were Harry's friends George and Amal Clooney, Idris Elba, Tom Hardy, James Corden, Sir Elton John, Joss Stone, Will Greenwood, James Haskell, Johnny Wilkinson, Clive Woodward, Nachos Figueras, David and Victoria Beckham, James Blunt, Marcus Mumford and wife Carey Mulligan. Markle's Suits co-stars Patrick J. Adams, Gina Torres, Abigail Spencer, Sarah Rafferty, Rick Hoffman and Gabriel Macht, as well as her non-work friends Serena Williams, Ben and Jessica Mulroney, Jill Smoller, Janina Gavankar, Misha Nonoo and Oprah Winfrey. Two ex-girlfriends of Harry's, Cressida Bonas and Chelsy Davy, were also invited. Members of the Middleton and Spencer families were also present.[134][135][136][137][138]
Foreign royal guests included Prince Seeiso of Lesotho, Harry's friend with which he co-founded the charity Sentebale to help AIDS-stricken orphans in Lesotho, along with his wife Princess Mabereng.[139]
Gifts for guests edit
The 2,640 members of the public invited to Windsor Castle for the wedding were gifted gift bags to commemorate the event. The bag had the initials of the couple, date and venue location printed on the exterior. Inside was an order of service booklet for the wedding, a gold chocolate coin, a bottle of water, a fridge magnet, a 20% off voucher for the Windsor Castle gift shop and a tube of handbag shortbread.[140]
Charitable donations edit
In April 2018, the couple requested that, rather than sending wedding gifts, people should make a donation to one of seven charitable organisations, none of which they had a formal association with:[141][142]
- CHIVA (Children's HIV Association): The small charity supports more than 1,000 young people living with HIV in the UK and Ireland.
- Crisis: The national homeless body works with thousands of people a year to help rebuild their lives.
- The Myna Mahila Foundation: The organisation, based in Mumbai, helps empower women through offering stable employment and breaking cultural taboos around menstrual hygiene. Myna Mahila also teaches women life skills such as maths, English and self-defence.
- Scotty's Little Soldiers: The charity supports children who have lost a parent while serving in the British Armed Forces.
- StreetGames: The organisation uses sport to help young people and communities become healthier and safer.
- Surfers Against Sewage: The national marine conservation body works to protect oceans, beaches, waves and wildlife.
- The Wilderness Foundation UK: Vulnerable teenagers from urban communities are taught about the great outdoors and rural employment opportunities.
The Sytner Group also made a MINI 3dr Hatch known as the Harry and Meghan Royal Wedding Memorabilia Car, which was sold at an auction in 2018 and its proceeds were donated to HIV charities at the couple's request.[143]
Coverage edit
Peak viewing figures of 27.7 million were reported in the UK, while the average audience was reported as 11.5 million in the country.[144][145] About 29 million were reported to have watched in the United States, up from the 23 million Americans who watched the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.[146] The global audience was estimated to be in the hundreds of millions.[147]
Coverage of the royal wedding in the UK was shown on BBC One, ITV, Sky News, CNN and E![148] The wedding was also streamed live online on YouTube via the British Monarchy's official The Royal Channel.[149] The BBC's chief news anchor Huw Edwards hosted coverage for BBC TV with Desert Island Discs host Kirsty Young and BBC Radio 2 DJ Dermot O'Leary. The BBC Radio coverage was co-hosted by Claire Balding, Jonny Dymond, Gemma Cairney, Jane Garvey, Paddy O'Connell, Aasmah Mir, Rachel Burden, Alistair Bruce-Ball and Julian Worricker.[150] Phillip Schofield and Julie Etchingham hosted coverage for ITV.[151] Kay Burley, Anna Botting and Alastair Bruce, among others, hosted coverage for Sky.[152] Giuliana Rancic, Sarah-Jane Crawford, Melanie Bromley and Brad Goreski hosted coverage for E!.[153]
CBC broadcast the wedding in Canada with Adrienne Arsenault and retired broadcaster Peter Mansbridge presented live coverage that was simulcast on CBC Television, CBC Radio One and CBC News Network.[154] TVNZ screened it in New Zealand along with SBS and Nine in Australia.[148][155] The wedding received 4 million views in Australia.[156]
In Fiji, Fiji Television broadcast the event via the BBC with coverage starting from 8:30 pm FJT on 19 May and finishing at 12:30 am on 20 May, when it switched back to normal programming.
In the United States coverage aired on ABC, FOX, NBC, CBS, PBS, E!, BBC America, TLC, HBO & CNN.[157] CBS's coverage began at 4 a.m. EDT with CBS Presents "The Royal Wedding"[158] and Gayle King provided commentary during the broadcast. ABC began its coverage at 5 a.m. EDT with a special edition of Good Morning America.[159] NBC aired the ceremony at 4:30 a.m. EDT with a special edition of The Today Show.[160] The pay subscription network HBO hosted a live broadcast titled "The Royal Wedding Live with Cord and Tish!" starting at 7:30 a.m. EDT.[161] The parody hosts were Cord Hosenbeck and Tish Cattigan, played by former Saturday Night Live actors Will Ferrell and Molly Shannon. BBC America provided a live simulcast of BBC One's coverage, albeit with limited commercial breaks.[162]
The wedding was also aired on the Republic of Ireland's national broadcaster RTÉ.[163]
Some media included comments in a "posh" British accent by a self-claimed British expert, Thomas Mace-Archer-Mills, who was later found to be an American.[164]
In April 2020, it was announced that $112,000 in profits from the BBC broadcast of the Duke and Duchess's wedding would be donated to Feeding Britain amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.[165]
In his witness statement for his case against News Group Newspapers (NGN), Harry stated that he contemplated the idea of having tabloid journalists blocked from attending his wedding to "force an apology" from NGN for hacking into his phone years earlier.[166] There was no resolution, but while royal reporters and commentators from the UK covered the event they were not allowed inside the chapel.[166]
Titles edit
Traditionally, royal princes have been awarded peerages prior to their marriages; this occurred with both of Prince Harry's uncles, the Duke of York and the Earl of Wessex, as well as his elder brother, the Duke of Cambridge.[167] Hours before the wedding, Prince Harry was granted the titles Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton, and Baron Kilkeel, and Markle assumed the style "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex" upon marriage.[168]
Reactions edit
The wedding was widely reported as being significant for its departure from tradition typically associated with the royal family and for its inclusion of African-American culture in the service.[169][170][171][172][173] It was described as a "landmark for African Americans", for Black British, black and mixed-race women, and for the royal family itself.[174][175][176][177] Other reports cited more limited impact, including that "Markle being biracial as opposed to African American impeded black people embracing her as one of their own".[178][179]
The wedding, particularly Markle's choice of dress, as well as the cake and flowers, were speculated to be influential of the choices of other British brides for their weddings.[180]
The wedding inspired a 2019 television film entitled, Harry & Meghan: Becoming Royal.
Honeymoon edit
The couple delayed their honeymoon until a week after their wedding, to attend various private engagements and Prince Charles' 70th Birthday Patronage celebration at Buckingham Palace on 22 May,[181] their first public appearance as a married couple.[182] Their honeymoon destination was kept private but it was speculated by the press that they would travel to East Africa, as they had for their third date.[183][184][185]
Preceding private ceremony edit
In March 2021, Meghan said in the televised interview Oprah with Meghan and Harry that three days before their public wedding they "got married" in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby. "We called the archbishop and we just said, look, this thing, this spectacle is for the world, but we want our union between us," she said. "So the vows that we have framed in our room are just the two of us in our backyard with the Archbishop of Canterbury."[186] The Church of England sources commented that this was not a legally recognised marriage ceremony, which requires two witnesses.[187][188] A spokesperson for the couple again confirmed that they exchanged "personal vows", and the private event was not claimed by them to be a "legal" nor "official" service.[189] The couple's marriage certificate states that they were married on 19 May, with Harry's father and Meghan's mother as witnesses.[189] The Archbishop of Canterbury commented, stating "The legal wedding was on the Saturday [May 19], [when] I signed the wedding certificate."[190] He would not give details of private meetings with the couple, but said he "had a number of private and pastoral meetings with the duke and duchess before the wedding".[190]
Footnotes edit
- ^ On official statements and wedding invitations, the couple were referred to as His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales and Ms. Meghan Markle.
- ^ Later in 2019, at Harry's request, Lorraine Schwartz changed the simple gold band with a slimmer band of pavé diamonds.[15][16]
- ^ American Wallis Simpson married Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, in 1937, after his abdication, becoming the Duchess of Windsor, but without the style 'Royal Highness'.
- ^ The Duke of Cambridge was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the British Army in December 2006 before joining the Blues and Royals as a troop commander. In January 2009, he transferred his commission to the Royal Air Force.
- ^ Prince Harry served as an officer in the Blues and Royals.
- ^ a b Prince Harry served with these units in Afghanistan.[92]
- ^ Two officers of the Royal Gurkha Rifles, Major Prakash Gurung MVO and Major Chandrabahadur Pun, served at the steps of the chapel as door openers. Major Pun served with Prince Harry during his first tour of Afghanistan; Major Gurung was the Prince's guide and escort during an official visit to Nepal in 2016.[93]
- ^ Prince Harry held the appointment of Commodore-in-Chief, Small Ships and Diving.[92]
- ^ Prince Harry held the appointment of Captain General Royal Marines.[92]
- ^ Prince Harry held the appointment of Honorary Air Commandant, RAF Honington.[92]
References edit
- ^ "Farewell, Darling". The Tig. from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Meghan Markle's Charity Work". www.worldvision.org.uk. from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ . www.oneyoungworld.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ Ruffini, Karen (2018). "Who's Officiating The Royal Wedding? Justin Welby Is The Archbishop Of Canterbury". Elite Daily. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b "What time does the royal wedding start: Full order of service". CNN. 19 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Prince Harry, duke of Sussex – Biography, Facts, & Wedding". Encyclopedia Britannica. from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ a b Sager, Jessica (8 December 2022). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Relationship Timeline". People. from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
Prince Harry and Meghan said in their engagement interview that they first met on a blind date in early July 2016 after being set up by a mutual friend that they've kept anonymous. However, Meghan later told Vanity Fair that she and Harry were dating quietly for about six months before it became public — which would point to their dating as early as late April or early May 2016, not July.
- ^ Lowe, Lindsay (8 December 2022). "Harry and Meghan first met on Instagram after he saw her with a dog-ears filter". Today. from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ Kashner, Sam (October 2017). "Meghan Markle, Wild About Harry!". Vanity Fair. from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ Tominey, Camilla (27 March 2021). "Harry, Meghan and me: my truth as a royal reporter". The Telegraph. from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- ^ Vallance, Adam (8 November 2016). "A Statement by the Communications Secretary to Prince Harry". The Royal Family. from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ Clarence House [@ClarenceHouse] (27 November 2017). "The Prince of Wales is delighted to announce the engagement of Prince Harry to Ms. Meghan Markle. pic.twitter.com/zdaHR4mcY6" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017 – via Twitter.
- ^ Burack, Emily (10 December 2022). "Prince Harry & Meghan Markle Share the Real Story Behind Their Proposal". Town & Country. from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ a b Furness, Hannah; Boyle, Danny (27 November 2017). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle engaged: Royal knew fiancee was 'the one' from 'very first time we met'". The Telegraph. from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ Royce-Greensill, Sarah (24 June 2019). "Has the Duchess of Sussex redesigned her engagement ring?". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ Scobie, Omid (29 June 2019). "The Moving Story Behind Duchess Meghan's Stunning Lorraine Schwartz Eternity Ring". Harper's Bazaar. from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ a b Siddique, Haroon; Watt, Holly; Booth, Robert (27 November 2017). "Prince Harry to marry Meghan Markle". The Guardian. from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Wallace, Francesca (28 November 2017). "All the details on Meghan Markle's engagement outfit". Vogue Australia. from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Newbold, Alice (27 November 2017). "Prince Harry And Meghan Markle Are Engaged". British Vogue. from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Sutcliffe, Laura (27 November 2017). "Meghan Markle's engagement look- how it differs from Duchess Kate". Hello! Fashion. from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Palace: Prince Harry and Meghan Markle announce engagement". USA Today. 27 November 2017. from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Markle, Meghan (17 August 2015). "I'm More Than An 'Other'". Elle UK. from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
My dad is Caucasian and my mom is African American ... I have come to embrace [this and] say who I am, to share where I'm from, to voice my pride in being a strong, confident, mixed-race woman.
- ^ DeNeen L. Brown (27 November 2017). "Britain's black queen: Will Meghan Markle really be the first mixed-race royal?". The Washington Post. from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ Gregory Katz, Associated Press (27 November 2017). . ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ James Rodger (27 November 2017). "Mixed-race Meghan Markle tells of family encounters with racism". Birmingham Mail. from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ Elaine Musiwa (28 November 2017). "The Problem With Calling Meghan Markle the 'First Black Princess'". Vogue. from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ Luckel, Madeleine (15 February 2017). "Why Prince Harry Would Have to Get the Queen's Permission to Propose to Meghan Markle". Vogue. from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Dunn, Charlotte (11 May 2018). "Instrument of Consent". The Royal Family. Royal Household, Buckingham Palace. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "The Queen Just Officially Gave Her Consent to Harry and Meghan — Using Their Real Names!". from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick (28 November 2017). "Royal Engagement Seen as Symbol of Change, With Asterisks". The New York Times. from the original on 1 January 2018.
- ^ Walter, Stephen (8 March 2018). "Meghan Markle 'baptised by Archbishop of Canterbury ahead of wedding to Prince Harry'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ "Divorce in Christianity". BBC Religions. 23 June 2009. from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "From Wallis Simpson to Meghan Markle: How the Royals Came to Accept a Divorced Fiancée". 4 December 2017. from the original on 16 December 2017.
- ^ "Is Meghan Markle Jewish? Actress is getting baptized to marry Prince Harry". Newsweek. 28 November 2017. from the original on 20 December 2017.
- ^ "Prince Harry, Meghan Markle wedding date set for May 19". from the original on 24 December 2017.
- ^ Konish, Lorie (28 April 2018). "Meghan Markle's tax bill will get a lot more complicated after royal wedding". CNBC. from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Britain's Prince Harry and Meghan Markle to marry on May 19". Reuters. 15 December 2017. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ a b "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle engagement photos released". BBC News. 21 December 2017. from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "Royal Wedding 2018 UK £5 Brilliant Uncirculated Coin". The Royal Mint. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Pearl, Diana (17 May 2018). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Are Getting Two Commemorative Stamps in Honor of Their Wedding". People. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Prince Harry and Meghan: No wedding bank holiday planned". BBC News. 27 November 2017. from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ "Harry and Meghan to marry on 19 May 2018". BBC News. 15 December 2017. from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ^ TimeInc. . Rumble. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ^ . St George's Chapel. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017.
- ^ "This Is What Royal Weddings at Windsor Are Really Like". Town & Country. 25 January 2018. from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- ^ Adam Whitty (28 November 2017). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle to wed at Windsor Castle in May". BBC News. from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
The Royal Family will pay for the wedding, including the service, music, flowers and reception
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Who's paying?". BBC. 17 May 2018. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ McGoogan, Cara (9 May 2018). "How much will Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Royal wedding cost?". The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ a b Petroff, Alanna (17 May 2018). "The Royal Wedding: Who's picking up the tab?". CNN. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Grant 'may cover cost of policing'". BBC. 30 May 2018. from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Prince Harry's wedding to Meghan Markle 'set to boost UK economy'". Reuters. 3 January 2018. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ Paton, Elizabeth (9 January 2020). "Losing Meghan, Prince Harry and (Potentially) Billions of Pounds". The New York Times. from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
- ^ "See Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding invitations". NBC News. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "The Wedding Dress, Bridesmaids' Dresses and Page Boys' Uniforms". The Royal Family. 19 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Royal wedding 2018: Meghan Markle's Givenchy dress in detail". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Friedman, Vanessa (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Was Made for a Person, Not a Princess". The New York Times. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Petit, Stephanie (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's 16-Foot Wedding Veil Has a Surprise Connection to the Commonwealth". People. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "The Wedding Dress, Bridesmaids' Dresses and Page Boys' Uniforms". The Royal Household. 19 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- ^ a b Engel Bromwich, Jonah (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Tiara: It's Sparkly". The New York Times. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan Markle's Wedding Tiara: Everything You Need to Know". Brides. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ DeMarco, Anthony. "Meghan Markle's Royal Wedding Jewelry". Forbes. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b c Shunatona, Brooke (19 May 2018). "4 Ways Meghan Markle's Wedding Hair and Makeup Is Totally Different From Princess Diana and Kate's". Cosmopolitan. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan Markle's hair at her wedding had the internet freaking out". AOL Lifestyle. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Rosenstein, Jenna (19 May 2018). "How Meghan Markle's Royal Wedding Makeup Was Different From Kate Middleton's". Harper's Bazaar. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Nussbaum, Rachel; Schallon, Lindsay (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle Followed the Queen's Nail Polish Rule for the Royal Wedding". Glamour. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Pearl, Diana (19 May 2018). "Prince Harry Picked Flowers for Meghan Markle's Bouquet — Plus, the Sweet Tribute to Princess Diana". People. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Bouquet laid on tomb of unknown warrior". BBC News. 20 May 2018. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Abraham, Tamara (20 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Old, New, Borrowed and Blue Wedding Details". Harper's Bazaar. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ Royce-Greensill, Sarah (21 May 2018). "Meghan Markle wears Diana's Asprey ring to her evening reception – a 'something blue' gift from Prince Harry". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan's first date dress was her 'something blue'". BBC. 23 September 2018. from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ Mackintosh, Eliza (19 May 2018). "Meet Meghan's adorable bridal party". CNN. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Royal wedding 2018: Prince Harry and Meghan married at Windsor". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b c . Henley Standard. 28 May 2018. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ Prince Harry wears frock-coat uniform of the Blues and Royals 24 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 19 May 2018
- ^ Bruner, Raisa (19 May 2018). "Everything to Know About Prince Harry and Prince William's Matching Royal Wedding Outfits". Time. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Wedding Princes: Harry and William Wear Military Uniforms". The New York Times. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Revenge is sweet, says best man William". BBC News. 26 April 2018. from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ Kensington Palace [@KensingtonRoyal] (26 April 2018). "Prince Harry has asked his brother The Duke of Cambridge to be his Best Man at his wedding to Ms. Meghan Markle" (Tweet). Retrieved 9 May 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ Flanagan, Aaron (18 December 2017). "Why Prince William will leave Harry's wedding early – despite brothers being incredibly close". The Mirror. from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
- ^ Ship, Chris (27 March 2018). "Prince William will miss the FA Cup final to attend Harry and Meghan's wedding". ITV News. from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Duke to miss FA Cup final for wedding". BBC Sport. from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ Szklarski, Cassandra (3 May 2018). "The royal wedding coronation of Jessica Mulroney". The Hamilton Spectator. from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ Kindelan, Katie; Durand, Carolyn (5 April 2018). "Everything to know about Meghan Markle's stylist, close friend and wedding planner Jessica Mulroney". ABC News. from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Meghan Markle's father to walk her down aisle". BBC News. 4 May 2018. from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Princess Charlotte to be bridesmaid". BBC News. 16 May 2018. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ Furness, Hannah (16 May 2018). "Who are the bridesmaids and pageboys at the royal wedding? From Prince George to the Mulroneys". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ Boyle, Danny; Furness, Hannah (18 May 2018). "Royal wedding live updates: Prince Charles to walk Meghan Markle down aisle but not give her away to Prince Harry". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ Kensington Palace [@KensingtonRoyal] (17 May 2018). "A statement from Ms. Meghan Markle" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Where will Meghan and Harry spend night before?". BBC. 14 May 2018. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Harry greets fans, Meghan arrives at hotel". BBC. 18 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Princes Harry and William meet Windsor crowds". BBC. 18 May 2018. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d e . The Royal Family. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ "Royal Wedding support by the Brigade of Gurkhas". Brigade of Gurkhas. 16 May 2018. from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ Ali, Taz (10 May 2018). "RAF personnel prepare for special Royal wedding ceremonial duties". from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ Nwobodo, Beatrice (19 May 2018). . Fellow Press. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: All you need to know". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Max Foster; Judith Vonberg. "Meghan Markle will begin bridal procession alone, in bold feminist statement". CNN. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ Kensington Palace [@KensingtonRoyal] (18 May 2018). "An update on the Royal Wedding" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ a b "Harry and Meghan reveal wedding plans". BBC News. 12 February 2018. from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ "Bishop Michael Bruce Curry to give sermon at royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle". CBS News. from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding preacher: Who is Michael Curry?". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ Love is the way: Bishop Michael Curry's captivating sermon – The Royal Wedding – BBC on YouTube
- ^ a b "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal wedding: the order of service in full". The Telegraph. 19 May 2018. ISSN 0307-1235. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b c "Royal wedding 2018: Order of service". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Sciarretto, Amy. "Meghan Markle's Wedding Jewelry Was Both A Nod To Tradition & A Break From It". Bustle. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Shahid, Sharnaz (19 May 2018). "Did Prince Harry and Meghan Markle forget to curtsy to the Queen?". Hello!. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Prince Harry and Meghan's first kiss". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "What music was played at the Royal Wedding?". Classic FM. from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "Emotion overcomes Prince Harry during hymn also sung at Princess Diana's funeral". www.cbsnews.com. 21 May 2018. from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "This Gospel Choir Singing 'Stand By Me' Was an Incredible and Powerful Moment at the Royal Wedding". 19 May 2018. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Ross, Martha (12 March 2021). "Royal pushback: Gospel wedding choir defends Charles, addresses reports Meghan was difficult". The Mercury News. from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ Furness, Hannah (13 May 2018). "Harry and Meghan to include first female state trumpeter at a Royal Wedding as she stands by her husband's side". The Telegraph. from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "Music at the St George's Chapel Wedding Service". royal.gov.uk. 24 April 2018. from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Teenage cellist and gospel choir to perform". BBC News. 24 April 2018. from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "The Marriage of His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales with Ms Meghan Markle – Order of Service" (PDF). St.George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. (PDF) from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Petter, Olivia (21 May 2018). "Royal Wedding: The one-of-a kind electric Jaguar Harry and Meghan drove to their after-party". The Independent. from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Meghan's evening dress revealed". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b Fernandez, Alexia (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle Honors Princess Diana by Wearing Her Aquamarine Ring for Wedding Reception". People. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Horton, Helena; Ward, Victoria (22 May 2018). "Meghan Markle and Prince Harry wedding speeches: The most moving lines and best jokes". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Adams, Callum; Sawer, Patrick; Evans, Martin (22 May 2018). "Inside the royal wedding evening reception: Idris Elba turned DJ as Prince Harry and Meghan Markle danced to 1980s hits and R&B". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan Markle Streamed This 'Chill' Spotify Playlist While Getting Ready for the Royal Wedding". PEOPLE.com. from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- ^ Parkel, Inga (2 April 2022). "Idris Elba says Meghan Markle asked him to play Dr Dre at the Royal Wedding". The Independent. from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ^ Petit, Stephanie (4 April 2022). "Idris Elba Reveals Meghan Markle's Unexpected Song Request at Her Royal Wedding Reception". People. from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Video, Telegraph (20 May 2018). "Reception fireworks above Frogmore House kicks off party". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Sandringham elderflower cordial used in royal wedding cake". BBC. 18 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Prince Harry and Meghan Markle choose cake". BBC. 20 March 2018. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Harry and Meghan release wedding photos". BBC News. 21 May 2018. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Trump and Obama not attending 15 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine". CNN. 10 April 2018.
- ^ a b "Royal wedding: Barack Obama and Donald Trump not among guests". bbc.co.uk. 10 April 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ a b "World leaders to miss union of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle". The Guardian. 11 April 2018. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding reception venue revealed". Hello!. 22 March 2018. from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Windsor Castle invitation for public". BBC. 2 March 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Brean, Joseph (10 May 2018). "Sarah, Duchess of York 'deeply upset' over snub from 'inner sanctum' royal wedding party". National Post.
- ^ "Royal Wedding 2018: Pictures of the guests, from Oprah to Elton John". BBC. 19 May 2018. from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Delap, Leanne (19 May 2018). "Gabriel Macht suits up for the royal wedding". The Star. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "All the Celebrities at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Royal Wedding". Elle. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal Wedding: Sports stars Serena Williams & David Beckham among guests". BBC Sport. 19 May 2018. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "People Are Confused By Ben Mulroney's Front-Row Seat At Royal Wedding". HuffPost Canada. 19 May 2018. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ Hughes, Roxanne (19 May 2018). "Royal Wedding 2018: Was Princess 'secretly sleeping' – TV viewers are in stitches". from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding guests sell gift bags online". BBC News. 21 May 2018. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Harry and Meghan ask for charity donations". BBC. 9 April 2018. from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Dunn, Charlotte (4 April 2018). "Royal Wedding Charitable Donations". The Royal Family. The Royal Household. from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan Markle, Harry's wedding car is available to buy". Geo News. 29 January 2022. from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
- ^ "TV since 1981 | BARB". from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ Griffiths, Eleanor Bley (21 May 2018). "The BBC won the UK royal wedding ratings battle – but Prince Harry and Meghan Markle were an even bigger hit in America". Radio Times. from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Patten, Dominic; Ramos, Dino-Ray (20 May 2018). "America's Mad About Harry and Meghan; Nearly 30M Watch Royal Wedding Live". Deadline. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- ^ Waterson, Jim (20 May 2018). "Royal wedding confirmed as year's biggest UK TV event". The Guardian. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ a b Spocchia, Gino (16 May 2018). "How to watch Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal wedding this Saturday". The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ Minard, Jenny (18 May 2018). "The Royal Wedding of Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle online". The Royal Family. from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "BBC announces coverage for the Royal Wedding across TV and radio". BBC. 4 May 2018. from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ "ITV announces Royal Wedding coverage plans". ITV. 24 April 2018. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ Mills, Rhiannon (8 May 2018). "World first for Sky News UHD royal wedding coverage". Sky News. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ Durkan, Deirdre (14 May 2018). "How to Watch the Royal Wedding of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry". The Hollywood Reporter. from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ "How to watch the royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle on CBC". from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Where to watch the Royal Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in Australia". 9Honey. 16 May 2018. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Begley, Patrick (20 May 2018). "Seven Network crowned ratings winner for royal wedding coverage". The Sydney Morning Herald. from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ Petski, Denise (15 May 2018). "How To Watch The Royal Wedding Of Prince Harry & Meghan Markle". Deadline. from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ "How to watch the royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle". CBS News. 11 May 2018. from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ Kindelan, Katie; Durand, Carolyn (14 May 2018). "Everything you need to know about Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal wedding". ABC. from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ Kim, Eun Kyung (11 April 2018). "TODAY is heading to Windsor for live coverage of royal wedding". The Today Show. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ "The Royal Wedding Live with Cord and Tish!". Home Box Office. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Everything You Need to Know About Royal Wedding Week on BBC America". BBC America. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "WATCH: What people on the streets of Dublin think of the royal wedding and RTÉ's decision to show it – Independent.ie". 19 May 2018. from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ "Posh British commentator on royal wedding coverage was actually Tommy from New York". Stuff (Fairfax). 2 June 2018. from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ Vivinetto, Gina; Dasrath, Diana (15 April 2020). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle donate wedding profits to hunger charity". Today. from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ a b Kirk, Tristan (25 April 2023). "Prince Harry wanted journalists blocked from wedding to Meghan Markle". Evening Standard. from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Essential Guide to the Peerage – Dukes". Debrett's. from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ Minard, Jenny (19 May 2018). "Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle: Announcement of Titles". The Royal Family. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Boyle, Laura King, Christina. "A royal wedding for the 21st century: Prince Harry weds Meghan Markle amid calls for social justice". Los Angeles Times. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Davies, Caroline (20 May 2018). "'It really was a black service': world reaction to royal wedding". The Guardian. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Foster, Angela (19 May 2018). "The diversity of this royal wedding reveals a Britain far removed from 1981". The Guardian. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding 2018: Black bishop makes history, mentions slavery in American-style sermon". USA TODAY. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "African-Americans hail royal wedding's nod to black history, culture". from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Pitner, Barrett Holmes (20 May 2018). "Wedding 'landmark' for African Americans". BBC News. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "What Meghan Markle means to black Brits". Washington Post. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Helmore, Edward; Wallace, Shenelle (12 May 2018). "The Markle effect: black women see the royal wedding as workplace inspiration". The Guardian. from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Hazarika, Ayesha. "A woman of color joining the royal family is a big moment for Britain". CNN. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Meghan Markle's potential impact – or lack of – on black Britain". Sky News. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (18 May 2018). "'It ain't no biggie': LA's black community responds to royal wedding". The Guardian. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Gillett, Francesca (25 June 2018). "Will British brides be influenced by Meghan?". BBC News. from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ "Why Prince Charles Has Had So Many 70th Birthday Parties". Time. from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Boyle, Danny (22 May 2018). "Royal wedding latest news: Meghan Markle and Prince Harry delay honeymoon to go straight back to work". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Jacobs, Sherelle (21 May 2018). "Royal honeymoon: Where will the Duke and Duchess of Sussex go?". The Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Hardingham-Gill, Tamara (19 May 2018). "Where will Prince Harry and Meghan spend their honeymoon?". CNN. from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Mackelden, Amy (19 May 2018). "Where Will Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Honeymoon?". Harper's Bazaar. from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "5 key points from Harry and Meghan's explosive TV interview". Associated Press. from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Swerling, Gabriella; Ward, Victoria; Tominey, Camilla (8 March 2021). "Prince Harry and Meghan's 'secret wedding' an exchange of vows and not legal ceremony". The Daily Telegraph.
sources within both the Church of England and those working for the Sussexes moved to clarify that the vows presided over by the Most Rev Justin Welby in the garden did not constitute a legal marriage. Instead, the "marriage" was merely a personal and private exchange of vows between the couple.
- ^ Siddique, Haroon (8 March 2021). "Meghan's claim of private garden wedding sparks confusion". The Guardian. from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ^ a b Ross, Martha (22 March 2021). "Meghan and Harry finally admit there was no secret backyard wedding". The Mercury News. from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ a b Campbell, Lucy (30 March 2021). "Archbishop of Canterbury: Harry and Meghan's legal wedding was on Saturday". The Guardian. from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
External links edit
- Official Website of the Royal Wedding 2018 on the Official Website of the British Royal Family
- The Royal Wedding 2018: Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle – The Royal Family on YouTube
- BBC Coverage
- Order of Service for the wedding