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Prabowo Subianto

January 01, 1970

In this Indonesian name, the person is referred to by his given name, Prabowo, and not by his surname, Djojohadikusumo.

Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (EYD: Prabowo Subianto Joyohadikusumo, born 17 October 1951) is an Indonesian politician, businessman and retired honorary army general who is the president-elect of Indonesia and current Minister of Defense.[1] Prabowo will be the third Indonesian president who had military background after Suharto and Susilo Bambang Yudhyono. In 1998, he was discharged from the military and subsequently banned from entering the United States for allegedly committing human rights abuses.[2][3][4][5][6]

General (Honorary) (Ret.)
Prabowo Subianto
Election portrait, 2023
President-elect of Indonesia
Assuming office
20 October 2024
Vice PresidentGibran Rakabuming Raka (elect)
SucceedingJoko Widodo
26th Minister of Defense
Assumed office
23 October 2019
PresidentJoko Widodo
Deputy
Preceded byRyamizard Ryacudu
2nd Chairman of the Gerindra Party
Assumed office
20 September 2014
Preceded bySuhardi
22nd Commander of Kostrad
In office
20 March 1998 – 22 May 1998
President
Preceded byLieutenant General Sugiono
Succeeded by
  • Lieutenant General Johnny Lumintang (acting)
  • Lieutenant General Djamari Chaniago
15th General Commander of Kopassus
In office
1 December 1995 – 20 March 1998
PresidentSuharto
Preceded byBrigadier General Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo
Succeeded byMajor General Muchdi Purwopranjono
Personal details
Born
Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo

(1951-10-17) 17 October 1951 (age 72)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Political partyGerindra
Other political
affiliations		Golkar (until 2008)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1983; div. 1998)​
ChildrenDidit Hediprasetyo Djohohadikusumo
Parents
Relatives
EducationThe American School in London
Alma materIndonesian Military Academy
Occupation
Signature
Website
Military service
AllegianceIndonesia
Branch/serviceIndonesian Army
Years of service1974–1998
RankGeneral (honorary)
UnitKopassus
Commands
Battles/wars
Service no.27082

Prabowo Subianto graduated from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1970 and mostly served in the Special Forces (Kopassus) until he was appointed to lead the Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad) in 1998. He has been described as a right-wing nationalist.[7][8][9]

In early 2008, Prabowo's inner circle established the Gerindra Party. In the 2009 presidential election, he ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency as Megawati Sukarnoputri's running mate.[10] He contested the 2014 presidential election[11] and was defeated by Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo, which he initially disputed.[12] He made another unsuccessful run for the presidency in 2019 with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party.[13][14] His refusal to accept the result saw his followers stage protests that sparked deadly riots in Jakarta.[15] However, after a heated contestation, Prabowo Subianto joined the cabinet as Minister of Defense for the 2019 to 2024 period.[16]

On 10 October 2021, Gerindra announced Prabowo Subianto as their candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election.[17] On 12 August 2022, Prabowo Subianto announced that he accepted Gerindra's nomination to contest the 2024 presidential election.[18] Prabowo declared victory in the election on 14 February, as early unofficial polling showed him with a lead in the first round of voting.[19] On March 20, the General Election Commission certified the results and declared him as the president-elect of Indonesia.[1] Constitutional Court confirmed his status on 22 April 2024.[20][21][22] Joko Widodo's administration is currently preparing for the transitional process to Prabowo's future administration.[23]

Early life and family edit

 
Prabowo Subianto at 12 years old (standing right), with his siblings and grandparents, Margono Djojohadikusumo and Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo

Prabowo's father, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (1917-2001), was originally from Gombong, Kebumen, Central Java. He was an economist who served as former President Sukarno's minister for the economy and Suharto's minister for research and technology.[24] Sumitro named Prabowo after his own younger brother who was killed in an incident against Japanese forces in Lengkong, Tangerang during the Indonesian National Revolution.[25] Prabowo's mother, Dora Marie Sigar (1921–2008), was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent, who originated from the Sigar-Maengkom family in Langowan, North Sulawesi.[26] They were married in Utrecht, Netherlands.[27]

Prabowo Subianto has two older sisters, Bianti Djiwandono, who was born in 1948, and Maryani Djojohadikusumo, who was born in 1950.[27] His only brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, was born in 1954.[27] Prabowo's eldest sister, Bianti, is married to J. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Governor of Bank Indonesia from 1993 until 1998, while her older sister, Maryani, married a French entrepreneur Didier Lemaistre who died in 2018.[27] Prabowo's brother Hashim is one of the richest businessmen in Indonesia with assets across the globe from Indonesia to Europe and North America. Due to his father's political exile borne from differences with President Sukarno in the 1960s in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, Prabowo and his siblings have a cosmopolitan background. [28] During his high school years, he studied at Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[29] Between 1966 and 1968, the family lived in London, where Prabowo attended and graduated from The American School in London.[30] Sumitro subsequently encouraged his son to attend a military academy. One of Prabowo's role models was Turkish military figure Atatürk, and according to peers and observers, Prabowo was talented with a passion for stratagems and had an appetite for political power.[25]

Sumitro himself came from an elite background. His father, Margono Djojohadikusumo, was the founder of the country's first state bank Bank Negara Indonesia, the first leader of Indonesia's provisional Supreme Advisory Council, and a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence that drafted the steps for Indonesia's independence.[31] With the pedigrees of his father and grandfather, Prabowo is the third generation of a family that has served high positions in Indonesia since its establishment in 1945.

Prabowo and Titiek have a son, Didit Hediprasetyo, who lived in Boston before settling in Paris to pursue a career in fashion design. While his son has shown little interest in politics, Prabowo Subianto is uncle to Gerindra politicians Budi Djiwandono, Aryo Djojohadikusumo and Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo who together continue the Djojohadikusumo political lineage.[32]

Military career edit

Military academy and service edit

See also: Indonesian occupation of East Timor and Papua conflict
 
Indonesian Army's Nanggala commando unit in East Timor led by Prabowo Subianto

Prabowo Subianto enrolled in the Indonesian Military Academy in Magelang in 1970.[33] He graduated in 1974 with others who would gain senior leadership positions such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.[33]

In 1976, Prabowo Subianto served in the Indonesian National Army Special Force Kopassus and was assigned as the commander of Group 1 Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha (Kopassandha), which was one of the Indonesian Army's Nanggala commando units in East Timor, the former Portuguese territory that Indonesia had invaded the previous year.[33] Prabowo, then 26 years old, was the youngest Nanggala commander.[33] Prabowo led the mission to capture the vice president of Fretilin, who was the first Prime Minister of East Timor, Nicolau dos Reis Lobato.[33] Guiding Prabowo Subianto was Antonio Lobato – Nicolau's younger brother. On 31 December 1978, Prabowo's company found and fatally shot Nicolau in the stomach as he was being escorted in Maubisse, fifty kilometres south of Dili.[33]

It was claimed, in 1983 Prabowo commanded the special forces responsible for the Kraras massacres in East Timor.[34] The survivors of these massacres were locked up in a concentration camp guarded by Prabowo's men, where many died of starvation and ill-treatment.[35] Prabowo claimed he was nowhere near the Viqueque district when the massacre happened, and neither the UN nor the government of Timor Leste have ever proffered charges of human rights violations against him.[36] Jose Manuel Tesoro writing for Asiaweek in 2000, contacted four separate non-governmental organizations including TAPOL in London; Solidamor in Jakarta; the HAK Foundation, headquartered in Dili; and the East Timor Action Network (ETAN) in New York, and they could not provide any eyewitness reports, transcripts of intercepted communications, leaked papers or anything that could substantiate Prabowo's involvement.[37][34]

In 1985 Prabowo Subianto attended the Advanced Infantry Officers Course at Fort Benning, in the United States for commando training.[38] In the early 1990s, as the commander of Kopassus Group 3, the now Major General Prabowo attempted to crush the East Timorese independence movement by using irregular troops (hooded "ninja" gangs dressed in black and operating at night) and, in main towns and villages, militias trained and directed by Kopassus commanders. Human rights abuses rose. The Army's 1997 campaign was called Operation Eradicate.[39]

In 1996, Prabowo Subianto led the Mapenduma Operation in the mountainous terrain of Papua. The goal of the operation was the release of 11 scientific researchers, who had been taken hostage by the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The researchers were five Indonesians, four Britons, one Dutchman and his pregnant German wife. Two of the Indonesian male hostages were killed shortly before the rescue operation. The mission involved covert support from British Military Attache and SAS veteran Colonel Ivor Helberg.[40] Following the hostage transfer, Kopassus under Prabowo Subianto began a reprisal campaign against villages perceived to support OPM, in one incident at Geselema village attacking the villagers with a military helicopter disguised as a Red Cross helicopter.[41]

On 20 March 1998, Prabowo Subianto was appointed head of the 27,000-strong Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad), that Suharto had commanded in 1965.[42]

Role in the fall of Suharto edit

Less than three months after his appointment as head of Kostrad, on the first day of the May 1998 riots, Prabowo Subianto urged the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Wiranto, to let him bring his Strategic Reserve units from outside Jakarta into the city to help restore order.[43] Hundreds of men trained by Kopassus (Prabowo's former command) were flown from Dili to Yogyakarta in chartered planes, and then on to Jakarta by train.[44] Prabowo Subianto publicly urged Indonesians to join him to fight "traitors to the nation".[45] On the morning of 14 May, Kopassus troops escorted young thugs from Lampung in southern Sumatera into the capital.[46] Thus Prabowo Subianto was accused of using his contacts in his former command to import and create trouble, while Wiranto had declined to give Prabowo's current command, Kostrad, permission to quell the existing trouble, in line with classic Javanese tactic to stir chaos to discredit a rival and/or seize power.[44]

Troops under Prabowo's command kidnapped and tortured at least nine democracy activists in the months before the May 1998 riots.[47] In one testimony from Andi Arief, a former detainee told of being tortured for days in an unidentified location, allegedly a military camp where most of their time was spent blindfolded, while being forced to answer repeated questions, mainly concerning their political activities. The abuse included being punched, terrorised physically and mentally, and given electric shocks.[48] Later, in 2009, two of the nine men were candidates for Gerindra, Prabowo's political party, and another served as his media adviser.[49] By 2024, six out of the nine kidnapped (including Arief) have either worked for Prabowo, or backed him for the presidency.[50] Prabowo Subianto was also suspected of organising the kidnappings of another 13 activists (all of whom remain "missing") between February 1997 and May 1998.[51]

Later investigations into the May riots revealed that violence in Jakarta was the result of an internal struggle within the military elite to become Suharto's successor.[52] Many believed Prabowo Subianto, as Strategic Reserve commander, sought to become his father-in-law's successor and coveted the commander of the Armed Forces position held by General Wiranto, who was favoured to succeed Suharto. Together with Operations Commander for Greater Jakarta (Panglima Komando Operasi Jakarta Raya, Pangkoops Jaya) Major General Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, Prabowo Subianto aimed to terrorise opponents of the government and to show that Wiranto was "an incompetent commander who could not control disorder".[53][54] During August and September, the fact-finding team interviewed Prabowo Subianto, Sjafrie, and other military commanders regarding their movements during the Jakarta riots. Prabowo Subianto asserted that he was unsure of the precise movements of military forces in the capital and deferred to Sjafrie.[55] In its final report, the fact-finding team suspected that, on the night of 14 May, Prabowo Subianto met with several Armed Forces and prominent civilian figures at the Kostrad headquarters to discuss organization of the violence.[56] However, this was later refuted by several people who attended the meeting, including prominent human rights lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution and Joint Fact-Finding Team member Bambang Widjojanto.[57] Further testimonies by Prabowo Subianto[58] in the years following the investigation contradicted the team's report and led to scepticism of the team's allegations.[59]

Dismissal from the military edit

On 21 May 1998, Suharto announced his resignation from the presidency and Vice President B. J. Habibie took over as president. On the afternoon following Habibie's inauguration as president, Prabowo Subianto demanded of Habibie that he be put in charge of the Army in place of Wiranto. However, Habibie and Wiranto actually dismissed Prabowo from his position as Kostrad Commander, and the following day, announced Wiranto's appointment as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Indonesian National Army, which resulted in Prabowo's dismissal. There are two versions of how this happened: the first version states that a furious Prabowo Subianto went to the Presidential Palace carrying a gun and a truck with his Kostrad troops. Because he was prevented from entering Habibie's office, he went to Suharto, who instead reprimanded him.[60][61][62] Meanwhile, another version states that Prabowo was dismissed from his post because he was suspected of carrying out a coup against Habibie.[63] It is said that after Habibie's inauguration, Wiranto reported that there was movement from Kostrad troops appearing around Habibie's residence. Habibie then ordered Prabowo to be dismissed from his post just before sunset in that day.[64][65][66] However, Prabowo was later visited by Wiranto at his home on the weekend of 23 or 24 May and then reassigned to a non-combat role at the Armed Forces Command and General Staff College in Bandung.[67]

Following an ABRI investigation, in August 1998, the Dewan Kehormatan Perwira (Officers Council of Honor) found Prabowo guilty of "misinterpreting orders" in the kidnapping of nine anti-Suharto activists in 1998.[68] Prabowo Subianto acknowledged responsibility for the kidnapping of the nine activists,[69] and was discharged honorably from military service in November.[70] He and Wiranto denied that the discharge was a result of disciplinary action.[71] Later he went into voluntary exile in Jordan[71] where he knew that country's new young King Abdullah as a fellow commander of special forces.[69] In an interview with Asiaweek magazine in 2000, Prabowo Subianto said "I never threatened Habibie. I was not behind the riots. That is a great lie. I never betrayed Suharto. I never betrayed Habibie. I never betrayed my country. There was a certain group that wanted to make me a scapegoat, maybe to hide their involvement."[68] Rights groups have long questioned Prabowo's eligibility to run for president, noting that he was discharged from the Army in August 1998[Note 1] for "misinterpreting orders" in the abduction of the democracy activists. While that was the military's official statement, observers have long believed that it was a coup conspiracy that saw Prabowo, then the commander of the Army Strategic Reserves, given his marching orders.[72]

As a 2014 presidential candidate, Prabowo's past came under renewed scrutiny, with many organizations calling for him to step down. On 19 April, he was criticized by a poet made by Fahmi Habcyi which linked him to the disappearance of Widji Thukul and urged him to return Thukul as his wife is devastated hoping for her husband to return.[73] A coalition, which consisted of Imparsial, Kontras, the Setara Institute, and the Human Rights Working Group (HRWG), combined under the Civil Society Coalition Against Forgetting, visited the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) in Jakarta on 7 May 2014 to urge the commission to re-investigate Prabowo Subianto.[74] A 27 June 2014 report indicated that an investigative journalist, Allan Nairn, had been threatened with arrest "for revealing the former general's role in human rights abuses."[75]

During the 2024 presidential debate on 12 December 2023, Prabowo admitted implicitly that he had Budiman Sudjatmiko kidnapped, a violation of human rights, later Sudjatmiko had become one of his spokesperson.[76] Prior to the debate, Prabowo also admitted to Sudjatmiko, that he had released all activists he had kidnapped but didn't know of their later fates after released.[77] Explaining his decision, Budiman claimed people changed after 25 years, both him and Prabowo "moved to the middle."[50] Maria Catarina Sumarsih, whose son was shot dead during the Semanggi shootings on 13 November 1998, said that Prabowo was responsible for the tragedy.[78]

Business career edit

After being discharged from the military, Prabowo Subianto joined his brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo's business. He purchased Kiani Kertas, a paper pulp and plantation company based in Mangkajang, East Kalimantan.[79] Prior to Prabowo's purchase, Kiani was owned by Bob Hasan, a businessman close to former President Suharto.[79] Today, Prabowo's Nusantara Group controls 27 companies in Indonesia and abroad. Prabowo's companies include Nusantara Energy (oil and natural gas, coal), Tidar Kerinci Agung (palm oil plantations) and Jaladri Nusantara (fishery industry).[80]

Prabowo Subianto rebranded Kiani Kertas to Kertas Nusantara. The company was established in 1990 and is part of the Nusantara Energy. It controls an area of 3,400 hectares used for paper mills, employee housing, private schools, and various company facilities.[81] Kiani has been awarded ISO 900–2005 status as one of the highest quality management companies. It is reported that Kiani Kertas has been experiencing financial difficulties, and in early 2014, workers took to the streets to demand their wages which had not been paid in five months.[82]

Prabowo Subianto was the wealthiest presidential candidate in the 2009 election, with assets of Rp 1.5 trillion (about US$150 million) and US$7.5 million.[83]

In 2007, PT Ridlatama, whose majority stakeholder was British-based Churchill PLC, conducted a geo-survey of eastern Kalimantan for coal. Two months after the survey yielded positive results, East Kutai officials granted mining licenses to Nusantara Energy (a subsidiary of the Nusantara Group, a conglomerate owned by Prabowo's family) to operate in the area surveyed by Ridlatama. In 2010, Ridlatama's license was revoked, effectively completing Nusantara's take over of Churchill's operations. Churchill appealed to the Supreme Court of Indonesia but lost the case. In 2012, Churchill filed a case against the government of Indonesia at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, demanding $2 billion in compensation. Indonesia argued that ICSID had no authority to arbitrate. In 2014 ICSID ruled that it had the authority and the case is still ongoing.[84][85][86][87]

In 2014, the regent of East Kutai, Isran Noor, publicly endorsed Prabowo Subianto as a presidential candidate.[88] He also considered pressing criminal charges against Churchill, alleging that Churchill forged its license.[89]

Activisms edit

Farmers' rights (HKTI) edit

The Indonesian Farmers' Association (HKTI) was established in 1973 to advocate for the farmers' rights. Prabowo Subianto was elected President of HKTI in 5 December 2004,[90][91] and he was reappointed in 2010 for a second term.[92]

Market traders (APPSI) edit

The Indonesian Traditional Market Traders Association (APPSI) is a non-profit organization advocating for the welfare of traders in Indonesia's traditional markets. Prabowo was elected as president of APPSI in 2008.[93] As a chairman of the organization, Prabowo often calls for the government to limit hypermarkets by regulating their distances so as not to harm small traders. "So far, traditional market traders have always been ignored, so that when a modern market was established, the capital owners of the market traders had to be willing to be disbanded due to demolition," said Prabowo.[94]

Pencak silat (IPSI) edit

 
Prabowo Subianto opens the 2011 Pencak Silat SEA Games tournament held in Taman Mini, Jakarta. He is the Chairman of Indonesia's pencak silat organization.

Pencak silat is one of Indonesia's traditional martial arts. The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) oversees the regulation of the sport in Indonesia, develops athletes, and organises tournaments. Prabowo was elected as president of IPSI in 2004 and was re-elected in 2012 for a third consecutive term.[95]

At the 2011 SEA Games in Jakarta, the pencak silat sport managed to win the overall championship by winning 9 of the 18 events competed.[96] IPSI's achievements under Prabowo's chairmanship were very impressive at the 2018 Asian Games, where pencak silat succeeded in contributing 14 of the 31 gold medals won by the Indonesian contingent. Prabowo Subianto is also the President of the International Pencak Silat Federation (IPSF).[97]

Educational activism edit

Prabowo is known to like sending Indonesian talents abroad and also offering high positions to those who have graduated. One example is Sudaryono, his secretary, an alumnus of SMA Taruna Nusantara who went to Japan to study at the expense of the Ministry of Defense, but was rejected when he applied to join the Indonesian Navy. He invited Sudaryono to join and get an important position in the inner circle. Apart from that, he also succeeded in persuading Dirgayuza, who almost started his career in Australia, to join Gerindra.[98]

Migrant workers edit

The Indonesian Advocacy Service for Justice and Peace (Padma) in the East Nusa Tenggara region assessed that Prabowo played a major role in the release of Wilfrida Soik from the death penalty at the Kota Bahru Court, Kelantan, Malaysia.[99] Prabowo appointed Malaysian lawyer Tan Sri Mohammad Syafei to defend Wilfrida Soik. Wilfrida is a worker from East Nusa Tenggara who was sent illegally. Wilfrida was sentenced to death for killing her employer, Yeap Seok Pen, on December 7 2010.[100]

Political career edit

Early political career edit

Using his connections to President Suharto, Prabowo Subianto and his brother worked to silence journalistic and political critics in the 1990s. Hashim unsuccessfully pressured Goenawan Mohamad to sell his outspoken and banned Tempo magazine to him.[101] As a lieutenant colonel, Prabowo Subianto invited Gus Dur to his battalion headquarters in 1992 and warned him to stick to religion and to stay out of politics, or face unspecified actions if he continued to oppose the president.[102] He later warned the intellectual Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) to resign from the KIPP, the election monitoring unit set up by Goenawan Mohamad, which armed forces commander Feisal Tanjung had denounced as "obviously unconstitutional".[103]

In 2004, Prabowo Subianto was one of five contenders vying to become Golkar party's presidential candidate. He received the lowest number of votes, just 39, and was eliminated in the first round.[104] The second round of voting was won by Wiranto. After finishing last in the party convention, Prabowo served as a member of the Golkar Advisory Council until his resignation on 12 July 2008.

Gerindra Party edit

In February 2008, Prabowo's inner circle, including Fadli Zon, Muchdi Purwopranjono, and Prabowo's younger brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo, along with a few others established the Gerindra Party. Prabowo served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Central Leadership Council (DPP). He was later appointed general chairman of the party after the death of the party's previous chairman Suhardi in 2014.[105]

2009 general election edit

See also: 2009 Indonesian presidential election

In May 2009, Gerindra nominated Prabowo Subianto for the presidency in the 2009 elections.[106] However, having won 26 out of 560 seats in the Indonesian parliament, the party did not have the required numbers, and Prabowo Subianto ran as a vice presidential candidate to Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of Indonesia's first president Sukarno. Prabowo and Megawati signed the Batu Tulis Agreement, which stated that:[107]

  1. PDI-P and Gerindra nominated Megawati as presidential candidate and Prabowo as vice presidential candidate in the 2009 elections.
  2. If elected, Prabowo can control Indonesia's economic programs and policies which are "based on the principles of standing on one's own feet, being sovereign in the political field, and having a national personality in the cultural field within the framework of a presidential system"
  3. Prabowo can determine who will be Minister of Forestry, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Finance, Minister of State Owned Enterprises, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Minister of Industry, Minister of Manpower and Transmigration, Minister of Law and Human Rights, and Minister of Defense.
  4. The government that is formed will support the PDI-P's people's program and the Gerindra's eight action programs for the prosperity of the people
  5. Funding for the 2009 elections will be covered 50% by Megawati and 50% by Prabowo.
  6. Megawati shall back Prabowo as 2014 presidential election candidate.

The pair, referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega–Pro, earned 27% of the vote and lost to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate, economist Boediono.[108] The results of the KPU's manual calculation, which were announced on 25 July 2009, were not much different from the results of the quick count. Megawati and Prabowo were absent at the announcement of the official tally even though Law No. 42 of 2008 concerning Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections mandated each pair of candidates to be present in determining the official results of the presidential election.[109]

Presidential candidacies edit

2014 general election edit

See also: 2014 Indonesian presidential election

In November 2011, Prabowo Subianto announced his intention to run in the 2014 presidential election.[11] Surveys published by the Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development (Puskaptis)[110] and by the Indonesian Survey Institute published on 23 February 2012[111] gave him the lead – but observers and activists cast doubt on the polls.[112]

In March 2012, Gerindra named Prabowo Subianto its 2014 presidential candidate.[113] The party's slogan was then changed to Gerindra Menang Prabowo Presiden (Gerindra Wins, Prabowo Becomes President).[114] Prabowo Subianto said he would run an investment-friendly administration if he won and that Indonesia needed more energy exploration. Furthermore, he said he had been in close contact with labour unions and believed rising worker discontent could be managed with a wise national budget.[115] He promised to use military-style efficiency to push through chronically delayed infrastructure projects, as well as to create jobs in the archipelago's backwaters by improving agricultural productivity.[116] Another pillar to Prabowo's platform was that he was solidly secular, and his party planned to protect the rights of minority religious groups in the Muslim-majority country.[116]

According to numerous quick counts after the 9 April legislative election, Gerinda came in third place, positioning Prabowo Subianto as one of two leading presidential candidates for the election to be held 9 July, the other being Jakarta governor, Joko Widodo.[117] On Tuesday, 20 May 2014, Golkar, along with the United Development Party (PPP), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the Crescent Star Party (PBB), officially endorsed Prabowo to run for the 2014 presidential election; the coalition collected 48.9% of votes and 52.1 seats in the parliament.[118] The day before, Prabowo had picked former Coordinating Minister for Economics Hatta Rajasa as his vice-presidential running mate.[119]

 
Prabowo Subianto accepts the Gerindra Party's nomination rally for the 2014 presidential election in Lembah Hambalang, on 17 March 2012[113]

On 22 July 2014, the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo Subianto withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick counts were released, although the majority showed Jokowi ahead. He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia "failing in its duty to democracy" because of "massive cheating that is structured and systematic",[120] and stated that he and Hatta "exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional".[121] His speech, aired live, implied he would challenge the results in the Constitutional Court.[120] Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo Subianto had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count.[122]

According to Douglas Ramage of the Jakarta-based Bower's Asia Group, this was the first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of an election was questioned; he declared the country was entering "uncharted territory".[121] The legality of a Prabowo Subiantoro challenge is questionable, as – if he withdrew – he is no longer considered a presidential candidate.[121] If he can make the challenge, according to The Jakarta Post, the gap between the two is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult.[123] Under the presidential election law, Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah ($10 million) fine for withdrawing.[120][121] Later that evening, Joko Widodo was officially announced as president and began to receive congratulations from world leaders.[124]

Following the announcement, the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0.3%, and the JSX Composite fell by 0.9%.[122] Observers denied Prabowo's allegations of cheating, finding that the elections were "generally fair and free"; Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was "no sign of significant fraud", and that Prabowo's withdrawal simply reflected "the real attitudes of the elite, who are not yet ready to accept losing".[125] On 21 August 2014, the Indonesian Constitutional Court rejected his claim of fraud, confirming his election loss.[126]

2019 general election edit

See also: Prabowo Subianto 2019 presidential campaign

On 12 April 2018, Prabowo Subianto announced he would contest the 2019 presidential election if he could obtain sufficient support from other political parties.[127] Indonesian media had speculated on whether Prabowo Subianto would become a presidential candidate or a "king-maker" giving his support to another candidate.[128] Prabowo's brother Hashim in March 2018 said health and logistical factors had to be considered before the party announces a presidential candidate.[129]

In April 2018, John McBeth reported Maritime Coordinating Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan had held a series of meetings with Prabowo Subianto, culminating in the proposal of a joint Jokowi-Prabowo ticket for the 2019 election. Luhut reportedly lost his enthusiasm after Prabowo allegedly said he would want to be in charge of the military and seven seats in any new cabinet.[130] Fadli Zon denied Luhut and Prabowo had discussed politics, claiming they merely spoke about Europe's move to limit imports of Indonesian palm oil. Gerindra official Andre Rosiade also dismissed the report as a hoax.[131]

 
Prabowo Subianto and Indonesian President Joko Widodo on 11 October 2019

On 10 August 2018, Prabowo Subianto registered at the KPU office for the 2019 presidential election with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, PKS, PAN, the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party.[13] The Democratic Party had wanted Prabowo Subianto to choose Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as his running mate.[132] Following the election, 'quick counts' conducted at polling stations by independent institutions authorised by the government indicated Jokowi had won by a margin of about 10%, but Prabowo Subianto claimed victory, insisting a real count by his side showed he received 62% of the vote.[133] His unsubstantiated claims of widespread cheating prompted his supporters to stage protests in Jakarta, resulting in riots that left eight people dead and 737 injured.[134][135] The Constitutional Court in June 2019 unanimously rejected Prabowo's appeal against the election result.[136]

On 14 July 2019, Prabowo finally conceded to Jokowi in a train ride at Jakarta MRT, congratulated Jokowi and apologized for criticizing him during the campaign trail much to the criticism of his upset supporters who expressed that Prabowo should remain as part of the opposition.[137][138] His own party Gerindra eventually joined Jokowi's Onward Indonesia Coalition on 21 October 2019 with Prabowo himself appointed as Minister of Defense on 23 October 2019, therefore joining Jokowi's cabinet.[139][140]

2024 general election edit

See also: Prabowo Subianto 2024 presidential campaign

On 7 January 2023, Prabowo Subianto launched his third presidential campaign for the 2024 presidential election.[141] He is running as president, together with Gibran Rakabuming Raka (the eldest son of Joko Widodo, the current President of Indonesia), as his vice presidential candidate. Both he and Gibran registered at the KPU office on 25 October 2023 with the support of Gerindra, Golkar, PAN, PBB, the Democratic Party, Gelora Party, Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) and Garuda Party.[142]

In November 2023, Prabowo Subianto called for "rebalancing" where, in the past decades, Indonesia looked to the West; now they should learn from the East like China, India, Japan and South Korea.[143] Prabowo entertained the idea of Indonesia joining BRICS if it is advantageous for Indonesia's economy, citing BRICS' nature as an economic bloc, not a geopolitical one.[144]

On 14 February 2024, in an unofficial report, Prabowo succeeded in leading three voting lines by getting 58% of the vote.[145] Prabowo went on to win the quick count conducted by all surveys and called for unity as he pledged to be president for all Indonesians and will form a government that will be led by "the best sons and daughters of Indonesia".[146] Despite this, he also told his supporters to calmly but cautiously wait for the official results from KPU.[146]

Minister of Defense edit

 
Inauguration of Prabowo Subianto as Minister of Defense, 2019

Appointment edit

On 23 October 2019, Prabowo Subianto was inaugurated as Indonesia's Minister of Defense by president Joko Widodo.[139] He was aided by Sakti Wahyu Trenggono as Deputy Minister of Defense. According to Jokowi, Prabowo got the job because "Indeed, he has a lot of experience there".[147]

Military edit

Shortly after his inauguration, Prabowo Subianto began advocating for a "total people's war" doctrine for Indonesia's national defense.[148] In realization to this, he formed the Reserve Component on 7 October 2021 and appointed TV presenter Deddy Corbuzier as the reserve component ambassador to boost recruitment.[149]

Considering that some of the TNI's equipment are old, Prabowo made efforts to continue to modernize military capabilities. He believed that long term planning with the assumption that the defense budget is locked at 0.8% of Indonesia's GDP will allow Indonesia to purchase the most advanced weapons and also build a domestic defense industry.[150] The plan, which emerged to the public not long after the tragedy of the sinking of the KRI Nanggala (402) submarine, became a hot debate because the proposed figure reached Rp 1,700 trillion, or Rp 68 trillion per year.[151]

 
Prabowo Subianto inspecting Indonesian soldiers in October 2021

Prabowo used the certainty of the defense budget to purchase the main equipment for advanced weapons that the TNI had never had. He is planning to massively expand Indonesia's domestic ability to manufacture ammunition, as Indonesia's capacity to manufacture is only 450 million rounds of ammunition per year, despite a demand for one billion rounds of ammunition annually.[152] For the Indonesian Air Force, Prabowo is looking to strengthen Indonesia's military by acquiring newer fighter aircraft such as General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcons and Dassault Rafales from the US and France[153] while in the same time buying new transport aircraft such as Airbus A400M Atlas and newer Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules. For the Indonesian Navy, Prabowo signed contracts for newer surface combatants such as Arrowhead 140 and FREMM[154][155] while exploring possible local production on the Scorpene class submarines under PAL Indonesia.[156] He also ordered 500 Pindad Maung light utility vehicles on 2020.[157]

He also led renegotiation attempts regarding on the payment of the KAI KF-21 Boramae fighter program after his predecessor, Ryamizard Ryacudu stalled the payment of Indonesia's shares in the program.[158] He later attended the launch of the aircraft prototype together with South Korean President Moon Jae-in representing Indonesia.[159]

On 20 April 2022, together with Minister of State Owned Enterprise Erick Thohir, Prabowo strengthened the Indonesian defence industry by consolidating PT Len, Pindad, PAL Indonesia, Indonesian Aerospace and PT Dahana into a single holding, Defend ID.[160]

Food estate program edit

On 2020, Prabowo was appointed by Jokowi to spearhead the national food estate program. Jokowi's reasoning for Prabowo's appointment was that as Minister of Defense, Prabowo also plays important role on carrying out strategic projects such as food storage. The development of food barns in Central Kalimantan began in mid-2020, utilizing existing rice fields covering an area of around 30,000 hectares, with 10,000 hectares located in Pulang Pisau Regency and 20,000 hectares in Kapuas Regency. In 2021, this project will be expanded to 44,135 hectares.[161] Although Prabowo was selected as the project leader, he emphasize that the Ministry of Defense will only play a supporting role in the food estate work as the Minister of Agriculture will play the leading role, indicating that cross-sector collaboration is the key to the success of this project. This reflects the synergy between the agricultural and defense sectors in an effort to achieve sustainability and national food security.[161]

Foreign policy edit

 
Prabowo met with Minister Defense of UAE, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum on July 2022.

In his first 100 days as Minister of Defense, Prabowo visited 8 countries to meet the Ministers of Defense of Malaysia, Thailand, Turkey, China, Japan, the Philippines and France to strengthen military relations.[162][163]

Prabowo also made efforts to help state owned defense enterprises to export their products overseas. He succeeded in helping Indonesian Aerospace export CN-235 aircraft to Senegal and export NC-212i aircraft to Thailand,[164] as well as helping PAL Indonesia export landing platform dock-type warships to the Philippine Navy.[165]

South China Sea edit

 
Prabowo with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida in April 2024

Following an incident in late 2019 where Chinese vessels violated the Indonesian EEZ off the Natuna Islands, Prabowo Subianto called for a cautious response, referring to China as a "friendly nation".[166] He also ordered the deployment of additional navy vessels in the region in response to the incident.[167]

Despite the controversy of his inaction in Natuna Island, a poll by Indo Barometer on early January show that Prabowo Subianto is the most popular minister in Jokowi's cabinet.[168]

United States edit

 
Prabowo with U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin in August 2023

In October 2020, Prabowo Subianto visited the United States despite his previous ban from entering the country, in his capacity as Minister of Defense after being invited by his US counterpart Mark Esper and a visa was issued for him. Several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, had previously called for the Trump administration to cancel the visit.[169] From his frequent foreign visit overtures such as in the United States, Prabowo succeeded in convincing the United States Congress to approve the sale of the advanced F-15EX Eagle II supersonic fighter aircraft to Indonesia.[170]

Russo-Ukrainian War edit

On 3 June 2023, Prabowo Subianto proposed a multi-point peace plan to end the war between Russia and Ukraine at IISS Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore.[171][172] His proposal includes the following.[171]

  1. Immediate cessation of hostilities through cease-fire
  2. Establishment of demilitarized zones by withdrawing 15 kilometers from their forward positions
  3. UN referendums on disputed territories

Prabowo's proposal was dismissed outright by Ukrainian Defense Oleksii Reznikov, stating that the proposal was "a Russian plan, not an Indonesian plan".[173] This proposal was also criticized by EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell, saying that there must be a "just peace" not "peace of surrender".[173] It was also criticized by PDI-P as Secretary General Hasto Kristiyanto [id] said Indonesia does not need a leader who gives advice that deviates from the principle of "free and active" diplomacy.[174] However, his plan was well received by China, with former Chinese ambassador to the United States Cui Tiankai expressing appreciation for Prabowo's efforts while criticizing the West for mismanaging their own security situation.[175] Prabowo was later called by Jokowi for clarifications on the peace plan as Indonesia had officially condemned Russia for the invasion.[175][176] Jokowi then clarified that Prabowo's peace plan as "okay" because it was just a suggestion in an open dialogue and did not officially reflect Indonesia's stance.[177]

Gaza-Israel Conflict edit

During the Israel-Hamas Conflict in 2023, Prabowo Subianto called out his disappointment with the Western countries who seemed silent when they saw civilians and children becoming victims of war and blasted the west for a perceived double standards on human rights. He has donated Rp. 5 billion of his personal wealth to the Palestinian people[178] and joined President Jokowi, Secretary of State Pratikno, Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi and Ambassador to Indonesia from Palestine Zuhair Al Shun in sending off 51.5 tonnes of aid delivered by the Indonesian Air Force.[179] He had also communicated with the Egyptian Defense Minister Mohamed Ahmad Zaki to allow the passage of the Indonesian Navy hospital ship KRI dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat to dock near El Arish, Sinai in order to deliver further aid for Palestine.[180]

Education edit

One of Prabowo's first actions as Minister of Defense was to expand the field of study at the Indonesian Defense University (Unhan) [id]. In Prabowo's directive, Unhan opened the Bachelor of Military Medicine and Bachelor of Science and Mathematics and Military Science study programs.[181] He also waived tuition fees for distinguished cadets and ensure the welfare of students by providing laptop computers from campus.[182] On 25 March 2022, Jokowi and Prabowo expanded the campus by opening a branch outside Sentul [id], West Java, namely Ben Mboi Polytechnic, in Belu, East Nusa Tenggara.

Prabowo also personally received 22 Palestinian students to be enrolled at Unhan on 8 November 2023 with a 5 year term study in medicine, pharmacy, and engineering.[183] He gave them full scholarship and promised to enroll more Palestinian students into the university.[183] According to Prabowo, their enrollment is a part of Indonesia's own commitment to aid Palestine in their efforts to be a recognized sovereign country.[183]

Controversies edit

Paradise Papers edit

See also: Paradise Papers

In November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in "Paradise Papers" allegations.[184]

Mirage 2000 procurement edit

On 13 February 2024, the Corruption Eradication Commission had received a report of alleged corruption conducted by Prabowo in the purchase of ex-Qatar Emiri Air Force Dassault Mirage 2000-5 jet aircraft which was canceled by the Ministry of Defense due to fiscal limitations.[185][186] Allegedly, the purchased aircraft will be bought at a much higher price and there are gratification involved.[185][187] Deputy Minister of Defense Muhammad Herindra denied the allegations, dismissing the rumors as slanderous allegations and fake news.[187] In response, the Ministry of Defense appointed lawyer Hotman Paris Hutapea to lead the defense.[188] Despite being mentioned in a report that allegedly uncovered the corruption, Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) states that they "never have done any work related to Indonesia".[189]

Political gaffes edit

On 18 September 2017, at the launch of a book on his father's political economy theory, Prabowo Subianto made a speech warning Indonesia could break apart in 2030. "In other countries, they have made studies, where the Republic of Indonesia has been declared no more in 2030," he said. A video clip of the speech was posted to Gerindra's official Facebook page on 18 March 2018. When asked which studies Prabowo Subianto was referring to, Gerindra official Elnino M. Husein Mohi said, "Prabowo Subianto has read various writings of people that are outside the country, intellectual observers that exist. You can also see them online."[190] It was subsequently revealed the "studies" were actually a 2015 science-fiction war novel called Ghost Fleet by American authors August Cole and P. W. Singer. A note by the authors at the start of the book states: "The following was inspired by real-world trends and technologies. But, ultimately, it is a work of fiction, not prediction."[191] Bemused by Prabowo Subianto citing the book, Singer posted on Twitter: "Indonesian opposition leader cites #GhostFleet in fiery campaign speeches... There have been many unexpected twists and turns from this book experience, but this may take the cake."[192]

In late 2018, Prabowo Subianto was ridiculed after erroneously stating that Haiti, a republic in the Caribbean, is an African country. In a speech made on 23 December 2018 in Solo, Central Java, Prabowo Subianto said the Indonesian government had driven part of Indonesia's wealth offshore. "If this continues to go on, Indonesia will continue to be impoverished," he said. "We, Indonesians, are on par with African impoverished countries such as Rwanda, Haiti, and small islands like Kiribati, which we don't even know where it's located," he added.[193] On 17 January 2019, in the first debate between the candidates in Indonesia's April 2019 presidential election, Prabowo Subianto said some Indonesian governors deserve higher salaries considering the size of their provinces. He gave the example of Central Java province, which he claimed is larger than Malaysia. Local media reports pointed out that Central Java is 32,544.12 square kilometres, while Malaysia is 330,323 square kilometres.[194] After the media reported on the error, Prabowo's campaign team claimed he had actually been referring to the population totals of Malaysia and Central Java.[195] In the same debate, Prabowo Subianto claimed that terrorist attacks in Indonesia were caused by poverty and perpetrated by non-Muslims disguised as Muslims, sent by other countries and controlled by foreigners. Media reports refuted his claims, pointing out that some Indonesian terrorist bombers were not poor and were not manipulated by foreigners.[196]

On 12 December 2023, Prabowo went viral after his commentary about his rival Anies Baswedan on ethics by saying "Ndasmu etik!" (English: God damn ethics!) which is considered insulting him in an internal party congress held by Gerindra.[197] His spokesperson later stated that it was just a joke.[197]

Personal life edit

Prabowo is a cat lover and owned a cat named Bobby Kertanegara.[198] Bobby was adopted by Prabowo from the streets after a chance meeting,[198] and he often showed up in meetings that Prabowo attended in his residence at Kertanegara.[198] Aside from a cat, he also owned 18 horses in his hill estate in Jonggol Mountains, Bojong Koneng [id], Bogor Regency (southeast of Sentul City), and he often invited guests to ride one of his horses, including when Jokowi and Gibran visited.[199] He had once brought his horse to campaign rallies especially in Gelora Bung Karno Stadium.[200]

Prabowo usually wears khaki clothes with many pockets. He himself stated that he liked this suit for practical reasons. Prabowo started wearing it frequently when he was paired with Megawati in the 2009 presidential election.[201]

Religion edit

In an interview in 2018, Prabowo stated that he is a Muslim who adheres to nationalism view.[202] He added that he had insufficient knowledge about Islam.[202]

On 7 June 2014, Prabowo stated that he could not read the Quran fluently.[203]

On 13 May 2017, Prabowo said that he was not born into a family steeped in Islamic teachings but grew up with his colleagues who were members of various Islamic community organizations.[204]

On 13 May 2023, Prabowo said that he is proud to adhere to Islam which he considers to be the pioneer in many scientific and technological breakthroughs through the world.[205] On 19 November, he said that he feels suitable to adhere to Islamic beliefs from the teachings of Nahdlatul Ulama because he believes that the latter advocates for a form of Islam that is tolerant, protective of society, and moderate.[206]

Honours edit

 
Prabowo Subianto as chief of Indonesian Armed Forces Command and Staff School (Sesko ABRI) in his uniform with multiple decorations

National honours edit

As an Indonesian Army officer and Minister of Defence, Prabowo Subianto received the following awards and decorations:

  •   Grand Meritorious Military Order Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama)[207]
  •   Army Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama)[208]
  •   Navy Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Jalasena Utama)[209]
  •   Air Force Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Swa Bhuana Paksa Utama)[210]
  •   Grand Meritorious Military Order Star, 3rd Class (Indonesian: Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya)[211]
  •   Army Meritorious Service Star, 3rd Class (Indonesian: Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya)[212]
  •   Military Long Service Medal, 24 Years (Indonesian: Satyalancana Kesetiaan XIV Tahun)[213]
  •   Military Operation Service Medal in Aceh (Indonesian: Satyalancana G.O.M VII)
  •   Military Instructor Service Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha)[214]
  •    Military Operation Service Medal IX Raksaka Dharma (Indonesian: Satyalancana G.O.M. IX Raksaka Dharma) w/ 1 gold star[215]
  •     Timor Military Campaign Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Seroja) w/ 2 gold star[216]
  •   Role Model Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Wira Karya)[217]

Foreign honours edit

Other honours edit

On 17 June 2009, Prabowo was declared a member of the Lumban Tobing clan of Toba Batak people. The clan awarding was facilitated by the Punguan Siraja Lumban Tobing Association (PPSLB) and took place at the Lake Toba Convention Center, Medan.[224]

On 28 December 2011, Prabowo received the traditional title of Tongkonan from the indigenous people of Siguntu village, Rantepao, North Toraja. The presentation of the traditional title which was accompanied by the Rambu Solo' mourning ceremony was witnessed by the Governor of South Sulawesi Syahrul Yasin Limpo, Deputy Governor of South Sulawesi Agus Arifin Nu'mang, Commander of Kodam VII/Wirabuana Major General Muhammad Nizam, Regent of Tanah Toraja Theofilus Allorerung, Regent of North Toraja Frederik Batti Sorring, along with thousands of local residents.[225]

He also received the title of Friend of Indonesian Santri from the Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic Boarding School, Probolinggo on 2 January 2024.[226]

On 28 February 2024, Prabowo was awarded an honorary four-star general rank by President Joko Widodo.[227]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Keppres No. 62/ABRI/1998 dated 20 November 1998, states starting at the end of November, Prabowo Subianto was discharged honorably from the military.

References edit

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Sources edit

Further reading edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Prabowo Subianto.
  • ABC Foreign Correspondent: The Farmer Wants a Country
  • Jakarta Globe: Rebranding Brings Prabowo Into the Electoral Frame
  • Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia (Routledge Research on Southeast Asia)
Political offices
Preceded by President of Indonesia
Assuming office in 2024 		Succeeded by
Elect
Preceded by Minister of Defense
2019–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Suhardi
 Chairman of the Gerindra Party
2014–present 		Incumbent
Military offices
Preceded by
Sugiono
 Commander of Kostrad
1997–1998 		Succeeded by
Johny Lumintang (acting)
Djamari Chaniago
Preceded by
Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo
 General Commander of Kopassus
1995–1998 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
prabowo, subianto, this, indonesian, name, person, referred, given, name, prabowo, surname, djojohadikusumo, djojohadikusumo, joyohadikusumo, born, october, 1951, indonesian, politician, businessman, retired, honorary, army, general, president, elect, indonesi. In this Indonesian name the person is referred to by his given name Prabowo and not by his surname Djojohadikusumo Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo EYD Prabowo Subianto Joyohadikusumo born 17 October 1951 is an Indonesian politician businessman and retired honorary army general who is the president elect of Indonesia and current Minister of Defense 1 Prabowo will be the third Indonesian president who had military background after Suharto and Susilo Bambang Yudhyono In 1998 he was discharged from the military and subsequently banned from entering the United States for allegedly committing human rights abuses 2 3 4 5 6 General Honorary Ret Prabowo SubiantoElection portrait 2023President elect of IndonesiaAssuming office 20 October 2024Vice PresidentGibran Rakabuming Raka elect SucceedingJoko Widodo26th Minister of DefenseIncumbentAssumed office 23 October 2019PresidentJoko WidodoDeputySakti Wahyu Trenggono 2019 2020 Muhammad Herindra 2020 present Preceded byRyamizard Ryacudu2nd Chairman of the Gerindra PartyIncumbentAssumed office 20 September 2014Preceded bySuhardi22nd Commander of KostradIn office 20 March 1998 22 May 1998PresidentSuhartoB J HabibiePreceded byLieutenant General SugionoSucceeded byLieutenant General Johnny Lumintang acting Lieutenant General Djamari Chaniago15th General Commander of KopassusIn office 1 December 1995 20 March 1998PresidentSuhartoPreceded byBrigadier General Subagyo Hadi SiswoyoSucceeded byMajor General Muchdi PurwopranjonoPersonal detailsBornPrabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo 1951 10 17 17 October 1951 age 72 Jakarta IndonesiaPolitical partyGerindraOther politicalaffiliationsGolkar until 2008 SpouseSiti Hediati Hariyadi m 1983 div 1998 wbr ChildrenDidit Hediprasetyo DjohohadikusumoParentsSumitro Djojohadikusumo father Dora Marie Sigar mother RelativesHashim Djojohadikusumo brother Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo niece Aryo Djojohadikusumo nephew Budi Djiwandono nephew EducationThe American School in LondonAlma materIndonesian Military AcademyOccupationPoliticianarmy officerbusinesspersonSignatureWebsiteArchived websiteMilitary serviceAllegianceIndonesiaBranch serviceIndonesian ArmyYears of service1974 1998RankGeneral honorary UnitKopassusCommandsKopassusKostradBattles warsOperation Lotus Insurgency in East Timor Insurgency in Papua Mapenduma crisisService no 27082 Prabowo Subianto graduated from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1970 and mostly served in the Special Forces Kopassus until he was appointed to lead the Strategic Reserve Command Kostrad in 1998 He has been described as a right wing nationalist 7 8 9 In early 2008 Prabowo s inner circle established the Gerindra Party In the 2009 presidential election he ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency as Megawati Sukarnoputri s running mate 10 He contested the 2014 presidential election 11 and was defeated by Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo which he initially disputed 12 He made another unsuccessful run for the presidency in 2019 with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra the Prosperous Justice Party PKS the National Mandate Party PAN the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party 13 14 His refusal to accept the result saw his followers stage protests that sparked deadly riots in Jakarta 15 However after a heated contestation Prabowo Subianto joined the cabinet as Minister of Defense for the 2019 to 2024 period 16 On 10 October 2021 Gerindra announced Prabowo Subianto as their candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election 17 On 12 August 2022 Prabowo Subianto announced that he accepted Gerindra s nomination to contest the 2024 presidential election 18 Prabowo declared victory in the election on 14 February as early unofficial polling showed him with a lead in the first round of voting 19 On March 20 the General Election Commission certified the results and declared him as the president elect of Indonesia 1 Constitutional Court confirmed his status on 22 April 2024 20 21 22 Joko Widodo s administration is currently preparing for the transitional process to Prabowo s future administration 23 Contents 1 Early life and family 2 Military career 2 1 Military academy and service 2 2 Role in the fall of Suharto 2 3 Dismissal from the military 3 Business career 4 Activisms 4 1 Farmers rights HKTI 4 2 Market traders APPSI 4 3 Pencak silat IPSI 4 4 Educational activism 4 5 Migrant workers 5 Political career 5 1 Early political career 5 2 Gerindra Party 5 3 2009 general election 6 Presidential candidacies 6 1 2014 general election 6 2 2019 general election 6 3 2024 general election 7 Minister of Defense 7 1 Appointment 7 2 Military 7 3 Food estate program 7 4 Foreign policy 7 4 1 South China Sea 7 4 2 United States 7 4 3 Russo Ukrainian War 7 4 4 Gaza Israel Conflict 7 5 Education 8 Controversies 8 1 Paradise Papers 8 2 Mirage 2000 procurement 8 3 Political gaffes 9 Personal life 9 1 Religion 10 Honours 10 1 National honours 10 2 Foreign honours 10 3 Other honours 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Citations 12 2 Sources 13 Further readingEarly life and family edit nbsp Prabowo Subianto at 12 years old standing right with his siblings and grandparents Margono Djojohadikusumo and Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo Prabowo s father Sumitro Djojohadikusumo 1917 2001 was originally from Gombong Kebumen Central Java He was an economist who served as former President Sukarno s minister for the economy and Suharto s minister for research and technology 24 Sumitro named Prabowo after his own younger brother who was killed in an incident against Japanese forces in Lengkong Tangerang during the Indonesian National Revolution 25 Prabowo s mother Dora Marie Sigar 1921 2008 was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent who originated from the Sigar Maengkom family in Langowan North Sulawesi 26 They were married in Utrecht Netherlands 27 Prabowo Subianto has two older sisters Bianti Djiwandono who was born in 1948 and Maryani Djojohadikusumo who was born in 1950 27 His only brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo was born in 1954 27 Prabowo s eldest sister Bianti is married to J Soedradjad Djiwandono Governor of Bank Indonesia from 1993 until 1998 while her older sister Maryani married a French entrepreneur Didier Lemaistre who died in 2018 27 Prabowo s brother Hashim is one of the richest businessmen in Indonesia with assets across the globe from Indonesia to Europe and North America Due to his father s political exile borne from differences with President Sukarno in the 1960s in Singapore Malaysia Thailand Switzerland and the United Kingdom Prabowo and his siblings have a cosmopolitan background 28 During his high school years he studied at Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 29 Between 1966 and 1968 the family lived in London where Prabowo attended and graduated from The American School in London 30 Sumitro subsequently encouraged his son to attend a military academy One of Prabowo s role models was Turkish military figure Ataturk and according to peers and observers Prabowo was talented with a passion for stratagems and had an appetite for political power 25 Sumitro himself came from an elite background His father Margono Djojohadikusumo was the founder of the country s first state bank Bank Negara Indonesia the first leader of Indonesia s provisional Supreme Advisory Council and a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence that drafted the steps for Indonesia s independence 31 With the pedigrees of his father and grandfather Prabowo is the third generation of a family that has served high positions in Indonesia since its establishment in 1945 Prabowo and Titiek have a son Didit Hediprasetyo who lived in Boston before settling in Paris to pursue a career in fashion design While his son has shown little interest in politics Prabowo Subianto is uncle to Gerindra politicians Budi Djiwandono Aryo Djojohadikusumo and Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo who together continue the Djojohadikusumo political lineage 32 Military career editMilitary academy and service edit See also Indonesian occupation of East Timor and Papua conflict nbsp Indonesian Army s Nanggala commando unit in East Timor led by Prabowo Subianto Prabowo Subianto enrolled in the Indonesian Military Academy in Magelang in 1970 33 He graduated in 1974 with others who would gain senior leadership positions such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 33 In 1976 Prabowo Subianto served in the Indonesian National Army Special Force Kopassus and was assigned as the commander of Group 1 Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha Kopassandha which was one of the Indonesian Army s Nanggala commando units in East Timor the former Portuguese territory that Indonesia had invaded the previous year 33 Prabowo then 26 years old was the youngest Nanggala commander 33 Prabowo led the mission to capture the vice president of Fretilin who was the first Prime Minister of East Timor Nicolau dos Reis Lobato 33 Guiding Prabowo Subianto was Antonio Lobato Nicolau s younger brother On 31 December 1978 Prabowo s company found and fatally shot Nicolau in the stomach as he was being escorted in Maubisse fifty kilometres south of Dili 33 It was claimed in 1983 Prabowo commanded the special forces responsible for the Kraras massacres in East Timor 34 The survivors of these massacres were locked up in a concentration camp guarded by Prabowo s men where many died of starvation and ill treatment 35 Prabowo claimed he was nowhere near the Viqueque district when the massacre happened and neither the UN nor the government of Timor Leste have ever proffered charges of human rights violations against him 36 Jose Manuel Tesoro writing for Asiaweek in 2000 contacted four separate non governmental organizations including TAPOL in London Solidamor in Jakarta the HAK Foundation headquartered in Dili and the East Timor Action Network ETAN in New York and they could not provide any eyewitness reports transcripts of intercepted communications leaked papers or anything that could substantiate Prabowo s involvement 37 34 In 1985 Prabowo Subianto attended the Advanced Infantry Officers Course at Fort Benning in the United States for commando training 38 In the early 1990s as the commander of Kopassus Group 3 the now Major General Prabowo attempted to crush the East Timorese independence movement by using irregular troops hooded ninja gangs dressed in black and operating at night and in main towns and villages militias trained and directed by Kopassus commanders Human rights abuses rose The Army s 1997 campaign was called Operation Eradicate 39 In 1996 Prabowo Subianto led the Mapenduma Operation in the mountainous terrain of Papua The goal of the operation was the release of 11 scientific researchers who had been taken hostage by the Free Papua Movement OPM The researchers were five Indonesians four Britons one Dutchman and his pregnant German wife Two of the Indonesian male hostages were killed shortly before the rescue operation The mission involved covert support from British Military Attache and SAS veteran Colonel Ivor Helberg 40 Following the hostage transfer Kopassus under Prabowo Subianto began a reprisal campaign against villages perceived to support OPM in one incident at Geselema village attacking the villagers with a military helicopter disguised as a Red Cross helicopter 41 On 20 March 1998 Prabowo Subianto was appointed head of the 27 000 strong Army Strategic Reserve Command Kostrad that Suharto had commanded in 1965 42 Role in the fall of Suharto edit Less than three months after his appointment as head of Kostrad on the first day of the May 1998 riots Prabowo Subianto urged the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Wiranto to let him bring his Strategic Reserve units from outside Jakarta into the city to help restore order 43 Hundreds of men trained by Kopassus Prabowo s former command were flown from Dili to Yogyakarta in chartered planes and then on to Jakarta by train 44 Prabowo Subianto publicly urged Indonesians to join him to fight traitors to the nation 45 On the morning of 14 May Kopassus troops escorted young thugs from Lampung in southern Sumatera into the capital 46 Thus Prabowo Subianto was accused of using his contacts in his former command to import and create trouble while Wiranto had declined to give Prabowo s current command Kostrad permission to quell the existing trouble in line with classic Javanese tactic to stir chaos to discredit a rival and or seize power 44 Troops under Prabowo s command kidnapped and tortured at least nine democracy activists in the months before the May 1998 riots 47 In one testimony from Andi Arief a former detainee told of being tortured for days in an unidentified location allegedly a military camp where most of their time was spent blindfolded while being forced to answer repeated questions mainly concerning their political activities The abuse included being punched terrorised physically and mentally and given electric shocks 48 Later in 2009 two of the nine men were candidates for Gerindra Prabowo s political party and another served as his media adviser 49 By 2024 six out of the nine kidnapped including Arief have either worked for Prabowo or backed him for the presidency 50 Prabowo Subianto was also suspected of organising the kidnappings of another 13 activists all of whom remain missing between February 1997 and May 1998 51 Later investigations into the May riots revealed that violence in Jakarta was the result of an internal struggle within the military elite to become Suharto s successor 52 Many believed Prabowo Subianto as Strategic Reserve commander sought to become his father in law s successor and coveted the commander of the Armed Forces position held by General Wiranto who was favoured to succeed Suharto Together with Operations Commander for Greater Jakarta Panglima Komando Operasi Jakarta Raya Pangkoops Jaya Major General Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin Prabowo Subianto aimed to terrorise opponents of the government and to show that Wiranto was an incompetent commander who could not control disorder 53 54 During August and September the fact finding team interviewed Prabowo Subianto Sjafrie and other military commanders regarding their movements during the Jakarta riots Prabowo Subianto asserted that he was unsure of the precise movements of military forces in the capital and deferred to Sjafrie 55 In its final report the fact finding team suspected that on the night of 14 May Prabowo Subianto met with several Armed Forces and prominent civilian figures at the Kostrad headquarters to discuss organization of the violence 56 However this was later refuted by several people who attended the meeting including prominent human rights lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution and Joint Fact Finding Team member Bambang Widjojanto 57 Further testimonies by Prabowo Subianto 58 in the years following the investigation contradicted the team s report and led to scepticism of the team s allegations 59 Dismissal from the military edit On 21 May 1998 Suharto announced his resignation from the presidency and Vice President B J Habibie took over as president On the afternoon following Habibie s inauguration as president Prabowo Subianto demanded of Habibie that he be put in charge of the Army in place of Wiranto However Habibie and Wiranto actually dismissed Prabowo from his position as Kostrad Commander and the following day announced Wiranto s appointment as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Indonesian National Army which resulted in Prabowo s dismissal There are two versions of how this happened the first version states that a furious Prabowo Subianto went to the Presidential Palace carrying a gun and a truck with his Kostrad troops Because he was prevented from entering Habibie s office he went to Suharto who instead reprimanded him 60 61 62 Meanwhile another version states that Prabowo was dismissed from his post because he was suspected of carrying out a coup against Habibie 63 It is said that after Habibie s inauguration Wiranto reported that there was movement from Kostrad troops appearing around Habibie s residence Habibie then ordered Prabowo to be dismissed from his post just before sunset in that day 64 65 66 However Prabowo was later visited by Wiranto at his home on the weekend of 23 or 24 May and then reassigned to a non combat role at the Armed Forces Command and General Staff College in Bandung 67 Following an ABRI investigation in August 1998 the Dewan Kehormatan Perwira Officers Council of Honor found Prabowo guilty of misinterpreting orders in the kidnapping of nine anti Suharto activists in 1998 68 Prabowo Subianto acknowledged responsibility for the kidnapping of the nine activists 69 and was discharged honorably from military service in November 70 He and Wiranto denied that the discharge was a result of disciplinary action 71 Later he went into voluntary exile in Jordan 71 where he knew that country s new young King Abdullah as a fellow commander of special forces 69 In an interview with Asiaweek magazine in 2000 Prabowo Subianto said I never threatened Habibie I was not behind the riots That is a great lie I never betrayed Suharto I never betrayed Habibie I never betrayed my country There was a certain group that wanted to make me a scapegoat maybe to hide their involvement 68 Rights groups have long questioned Prabowo s eligibility to run for president noting that he was discharged from the Army in August 1998 Note 1 for misinterpreting orders in the abduction of the democracy activists While that was the military s official statement observers have long believed that it was a coup conspiracy that saw Prabowo then the commander of the Army Strategic Reserves given his marching orders 72 As a 2014 presidential candidate Prabowo s past came under renewed scrutiny with many organizations calling for him to step down On 19 April he was criticized by a poet made by Fahmi Habcyi which linked him to the disappearance of Widji Thukul and urged him to return Thukul as his wife is devastated hoping for her husband to return 73 A coalition which consisted of Imparsial Kontras the Setara Institute and the Human Rights Working Group HRWG combined under the Civil Society Coalition Against Forgetting visited the National Commission on Human Rights Komnas HAM in Jakarta on 7 May 2014 to urge the commission to re investigate Prabowo Subianto 74 A 27 June 2014 report indicated that an investigative journalist Allan Nairn had been threatened with arrest for revealing the former general s role in human rights abuses 75 During the 2024 presidential debate on 12 December 2023 Prabowo admitted implicitly that he had Budiman Sudjatmiko kidnapped a violation of human rights later Sudjatmiko had become one of his spokesperson 76 Prior to the debate Prabowo also admitted to Sudjatmiko that he had released all activists he had kidnapped but didn t know of their later fates after released 77 Explaining his decision Budiman claimed people changed after 25 years both him and Prabowo moved to the middle 50 Maria Catarina Sumarsih whose son was shot dead during the Semanggi shootings on 13 November 1998 said that Prabowo was responsible for the tragedy 78 Business career editAfter being discharged from the military Prabowo Subianto joined his brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo s business He purchased Kiani Kertas a paper pulp and plantation company based in Mangkajang East Kalimantan 79 Prior to Prabowo s purchase Kiani was owned by Bob Hasan a businessman close to former President Suharto 79 Today Prabowo s Nusantara Group controls 27 companies in Indonesia and abroad Prabowo s companies include Nusantara Energy oil and natural gas coal Tidar Kerinci Agung palm oil plantations and Jaladri Nusantara fishery industry 80 Prabowo Subianto rebranded Kiani Kertas to Kertas Nusantara The company was established in 1990 and is part of the Nusantara Energy It controls an area of 3 400 hectares used for paper mills employee housing private schools and various company facilities 81 Kiani has been awarded ISO 900 2005 status as one of the highest quality management companies It is reported that Kiani Kertas has been experiencing financial difficulties and in early 2014 workers took to the streets to demand their wages which had not been paid in five months 82 Prabowo Subianto was the wealthiest presidential candidate in the 2009 election with assets of Rp 1 5 trillion about US 150 million and US 7 5 million 83 In 2007 PT Ridlatama whose majority stakeholder was British based Churchill PLC conducted a geo survey of eastern Kalimantan for coal Two months after the survey yielded positive results East Kutai officials granted mining licenses to Nusantara Energy a subsidiary of the Nusantara Group a conglomerate owned by Prabowo s family to operate in the area surveyed by Ridlatama In 2010 Ridlatama s license was revoked effectively completing Nusantara s take over of Churchill s operations Churchill appealed to the Supreme Court of Indonesia but lost the case In 2012 Churchill filed a case against the government of Indonesia at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes demanding 2 billion in compensation Indonesia argued that ICSID had no authority to arbitrate In 2014 ICSID ruled that it had the authority and the case is still ongoing 84 85 86 87 In 2014 the regent of East Kutai Isran Noor publicly endorsed Prabowo Subianto as a presidential candidate 88 He also considered pressing criminal charges against Churchill alleging that Churchill forged its license 89 Activisms editFarmers rights HKTI edit The Indonesian Farmers Association HKTI was established in 1973 to advocate for the farmers rights Prabowo Subianto was elected President of HKTI in 5 December 2004 90 91 and he was reappointed in 2010 for a second term 92 Market traders APPSI edit The Indonesian Traditional Market Traders Association APPSI is a non profit organization advocating for the welfare of traders in Indonesia s traditional markets Prabowo was elected as president of APPSI in 2008 93 As a chairman of the organization Prabowo often calls for the government to limit hypermarkets by regulating their distances so as not to harm small traders So far traditional market traders have always been ignored so that when a modern market was established the capital owners of the market traders had to be willing to be disbanded due to demolition said Prabowo 94 Pencak silat IPSI edit nbsp Prabowo Subianto opens the 2011 Pencak Silat SEA Games tournament held in Taman Mini Jakarta He is the Chairman of Indonesia s pencak silat organization Pencak silat is one of Indonesia s traditional martial arts The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association IPSI oversees the regulation of the sport in Indonesia develops athletes and organises tournaments Prabowo was elected as president of IPSI in 2004 and was re elected in 2012 for a third consecutive term 95 At the 2011 SEA Games in Jakarta the pencak silat sport managed to win the overall championship by winning 9 of the 18 events competed 96 IPSI s achievements under Prabowo s chairmanship were very impressive at the 2018 Asian Games where pencak silat succeeded in contributing 14 of the 31 gold medals won by the Indonesian contingent Prabowo Subianto is also the President of the International Pencak Silat Federation IPSF 97 Educational activism edit Prabowo is known to like sending Indonesian talents abroad and also offering high positions to those who have graduated One example is Sudaryono his secretary an alumnus of SMA Taruna Nusantara who went to Japan to study at the expense of the Ministry of Defense but was rejected when he applied to join the Indonesian Navy He invited Sudaryono to join and get an important position in the inner circle Apart from that he also succeeded in persuading Dirgayuza who almost started his career in Australia to join Gerindra 98 Migrant workers edit The Indonesian Advocacy Service for Justice and Peace Padma in the East Nusa Tenggara region assessed that Prabowo played a major role in the release of Wilfrida Soik from the death penalty at the Kota Bahru Court Kelantan Malaysia 99 Prabowo appointed Malaysian lawyer Tan Sri Mohammad Syafei to defend Wilfrida Soik Wilfrida is a worker from East Nusa Tenggara who was sent illegally Wilfrida was sentenced to death for killing her employer Yeap Seok Pen on December 7 2010 100 Political career editEarly political career edit Using his connections to President Suharto Prabowo Subianto and his brother worked to silence journalistic and political critics in the 1990s Hashim unsuccessfully pressured Goenawan Mohamad to sell his outspoken and banned Tempo magazine to him 101 As a lieutenant colonel Prabowo Subianto invited Gus Dur to his battalion headquarters in 1992 and warned him to stick to religion and to stay out of politics or face unspecified actions if he continued to oppose the president 102 He later warned the intellectual Nurcholish Madjid Cak Nur to resign from the KIPP the election monitoring unit set up by Goenawan Mohamad which armed forces commander Feisal Tanjung had denounced as obviously unconstitutional 103 In 2004 Prabowo Subianto was one of five contenders vying to become Golkar party s presidential candidate He received the lowest number of votes just 39 and was eliminated in the first round 104 The second round of voting was won by Wiranto After finishing last in the party convention Prabowo served as a member of the Golkar Advisory Council until his resignation on 12 July 2008 Gerindra Party edit In February 2008 Prabowo s inner circle including Fadli Zon Muchdi Purwopranjono and Prabowo s younger brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo along with a few others established the Gerindra Party Prabowo served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Central Leadership Council DPP He was later appointed general chairman of the party after the death of the party s previous chairman Suhardi in 2014 105 2009 general election edit See also 2009 Indonesian presidential election In May 2009 Gerindra nominated Prabowo Subianto for the presidency in the 2009 elections 106 However having won 26 out of 560 seats in the Indonesian parliament the party did not have the required numbers and Prabowo Subianto ran as a vice presidential candidate to Megawati Sukarnoputri daughter of Indonesia s first president Sukarno Prabowo and Megawati signed the Batu Tulis Agreement which stated that 107 PDI P and Gerindra nominated Megawati as presidential candidate and Prabowo as vice presidential candidate in the 2009 elections If elected Prabowo can control Indonesia s economic programs and policies which are based on the principles of standing on one s own feet being sovereign in the political field and having a national personality in the cultural field within the framework of a presidential system Prabowo can determine who will be Minister of Forestry Minister of Agriculture Minister of Finance Minister of State Owned Enterprises Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Minister of Industry Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Minister of Law and Human Rights and Minister of Defense The government that is formed will support the PDI P s people s program and the Gerindra s eight action programs for the prosperity of the people Funding for the 2009 elections will be covered 50 by Megawati and 50 by Prabowo Megawati shall back Prabowo as 2014 presidential election candidate The pair referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega Pro earned 27 of the vote and lost to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate economist Boediono 108 The results of the KPU s manual calculation which were announced on 25 July 2009 were not much different from the results of the quick count Megawati and Prabowo were absent at the announcement of the official tally even though Law No 42 of 2008 concerning Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections mandated each pair of candidates to be present in determining the official results of the presidential election 109 Presidential candidacies edit2014 general election edit See also 2014 Indonesian presidential election In November 2011 Prabowo Subianto announced his intention to run in the 2014 presidential election 11 Surveys published by the Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development Puskaptis 110 and by the Indonesian Survey Institute published on 23 February 2012 111 gave him the lead but observers and activists cast doubt on the polls 112 In March 2012 Gerindra named Prabowo Subianto its 2014 presidential candidate 113 The party s slogan was then changed to Gerindra Menang Prabowo Presiden Gerindra Wins Prabowo Becomes President 114 Prabowo Subianto said he would run an investment friendly administration if he won and that Indonesia needed more energy exploration Furthermore he said he had been in close contact with labour unions and believed rising worker discontent could be managed with a wise national budget 115 He promised to use military style efficiency to push through chronically delayed infrastructure projects as well as to create jobs in the archipelago s backwaters by improving agricultural productivity 116 Another pillar to Prabowo s platform was that he was solidly secular and his party planned to protect the rights of minority religious groups in the Muslim majority country 116 According to numerous quick counts after the 9 April legislative election Gerinda came in third place positioning Prabowo Subianto as one of two leading presidential candidates for the election to be held 9 July the other being Jakarta governor Joko Widodo 117 On Tuesday 20 May 2014 Golkar along with the United Development Party PPP the National Mandate Party PAN the Prosperous Justice Party PKS and the Crescent Star Party PBB officially endorsed Prabowo to run for the 2014 presidential election the coalition collected 48 9 of votes and 52 1 seats in the parliament 118 The day before Prabowo had picked former Coordinating Minister for Economics Hatta Rajasa as his vice presidential running mate 119 nbsp Prabowo Subianto accepts the Gerindra Party s nomination rally for the 2014 presidential election in Lembah Hambalang on 17 March 2012 113 On 22 July 2014 the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally Prabowo Subianto withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick counts were released although the majority showed Jokowi ahead He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia failing in its duty to democracy because of massive cheating that is structured and systematic 120 and stated that he and Hatta exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional 121 His speech aired live implied he would challenge the results in the Constitutional Court 120 Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo Subianto had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count 122 According to Douglas Ramage of the Jakarta based Bower s Asia Group this was the first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of an election was questioned he declared the country was entering uncharted territory 121 The legality of a Prabowo Subiantoro challenge is questionable as if he withdrew he is no longer considered a presidential candidate 121 If he can make the challenge according to The Jakarta Post the gap between the two is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult 123 Under the presidential election law Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah 10 million fine for withdrawing 120 121 Later that evening Joko Widodo was officially announced as president and began to receive congratulations from world leaders 124 Following the announcement the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0 3 and the JSX Composite fell by 0 9 122 Observers denied Prabowo s allegations of cheating finding that the elections were generally fair and free Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was no sign of significant fraud and that Prabowo s withdrawal simply reflected the real attitudes of the elite who are not yet ready to accept losing 125 On 21 August 2014 the Indonesian Constitutional Court rejected his claim of fraud confirming his election loss 126 2019 general election edit See also Prabowo Subianto 2019 presidential campaign On 12 April 2018 Prabowo Subianto announced he would contest the 2019 presidential election if he could obtain sufficient support from other political parties 127 Indonesian media had speculated on whether Prabowo Subianto would become a presidential candidate or a king maker giving his support to another candidate 128 Prabowo s brother Hashim in March 2018 said health and logistical factors had to be considered before the party announces a presidential candidate 129 In April 2018 John McBeth reported Maritime Coordinating Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan had held a series of meetings with Prabowo Subianto culminating in the proposal of a joint Jokowi Prabowo ticket for the 2019 election Luhut reportedly lost his enthusiasm after Prabowo allegedly said he would want to be in charge of the military and seven seats in any new cabinet 130 Fadli Zon denied Luhut and Prabowo had discussed politics claiming they merely spoke about Europe s move to limit imports of Indonesian palm oil Gerindra official Andre Rosiade also dismissed the report as a hoax 131 nbsp Prabowo Subianto and Indonesian President Joko Widodo on 11 October 2019 On 10 August 2018 Prabowo Subianto registered at the KPU office for the 2019 presidential election with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra PKS PAN the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party 13 The Democratic Party had wanted Prabowo Subianto to choose Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as his running mate 132 Following the election quick counts conducted at polling stations by independent institutions authorised by the government indicated Jokowi had won by a margin of about 10 but Prabowo Subianto claimed victory insisting a real count by his side showed he received 62 of the vote 133 His unsubstantiated claims of widespread cheating prompted his supporters to stage protests in Jakarta resulting in riots that left eight people dead and 737 injured 134 135 The Constitutional Court in June 2019 unanimously rejected Prabowo s appeal against the election result 136 On 14 July 2019 Prabowo finally conceded to Jokowi in a train ride at Jakarta MRT congratulated Jokowi and apologized for criticizing him during the campaign trail much to the criticism of his upset supporters who expressed that Prabowo should remain as part of the opposition 137 138 His own party Gerindra eventually joined Jokowi s Onward Indonesia Coalition on 21 October 2019 with Prabowo himself appointed as Minister of Defense on 23 October 2019 therefore joining Jokowi s cabinet 139 140 2024 general election edit See also Prabowo Subianto 2024 presidential campaign On 7 January 2023 Prabowo Subianto launched his third presidential campaign for the 2024 presidential election 141 He is running as president together with Gibran Rakabuming Raka the eldest son of Joko Widodo the current President of Indonesia as his vice presidential candidate Both he and Gibran registered at the KPU office on 25 October 2023 with the support of Gerindra Golkar PAN PBB the Democratic Party Gelora Party Indonesian Solidarity Party PSI and Garuda Party 142 In November 2023 Prabowo Subianto called for rebalancing where in the past decades Indonesia looked to the West now they should learn from the East like China India Japan and South Korea 143 Prabowo entertained the idea of Indonesia joining BRICS if it is advantageous for Indonesia s economy citing BRICS nature as an economic bloc not a geopolitical one 144 On 14 February 2024 in an unofficial report Prabowo succeeded in leading three voting lines by getting 58 of the vote 145 Prabowo went on to win the quick count conducted by all surveys and called for unity as he pledged to be president for all Indonesians and will form a government that will be led by the best sons and daughters of Indonesia 146 Despite this he also told his supporters to calmly but cautiously wait for the official results from KPU 146 Minister of Defense edit nbsp Inauguration of Prabowo Subianto as Minister of Defense 2019 Appointment edit On 23 October 2019 Prabowo Subianto was inaugurated as Indonesia s Minister of Defense by president Joko Widodo 139 He was aided by Sakti Wahyu Trenggono as Deputy Minister of Defense According to Jokowi Prabowo got the job because Indeed he has a lot of experience there 147 Military edit Shortly after his inauguration Prabowo Subianto began advocating for a total people s war doctrine for Indonesia s national defense 148 In realization to this he formed the Reserve Component on 7 October 2021 and appointed TV presenter Deddy Corbuzier as the reserve component ambassador to boost recruitment 149 Considering that some of the TNI s equipment are old Prabowo made efforts to continue to modernize military capabilities He believed that long term planning with the assumption that the defense budget is locked at 0 8 of Indonesia s GDP will allow Indonesia to purchase the most advanced weapons and also build a domestic defense industry 150 The plan which emerged to the public not long after the tragedy of the sinking of the KRI Nanggala 402 submarine became a hot debate because the proposed figure reached Rp 1 700 trillion or Rp 68 trillion per year 151 nbsp Prabowo Subianto inspecting Indonesian soldiers in October 2021 Prabowo used the certainty of the defense budget to purchase the main equipment for advanced weapons that the TNI had never had He is planning to massively expand Indonesia s domestic ability to manufacture ammunition as Indonesia s capacity to manufacture is only 450 million rounds of ammunition per year despite a demand for one billion rounds of ammunition annually 152 For the Indonesian Air Force Prabowo is looking to strengthen Indonesia s military by acquiring newer fighter aircraft such as General Dynamics F 16 Fighting Falcons and Dassault Rafales from the US and France 153 while in the same time buying new transport aircraft such as Airbus A400M Atlas and newer Lockheed Martin C 130J Super Hercules For the Indonesian Navy Prabowo signed contracts for newer surface combatants such as Arrowhead 140 and FREMM 154 155 while exploring possible local production on the Scorpene class submarines under PAL Indonesia 156 He also ordered 500 Pindad Maung light utility vehicles on 2020 157 He also led renegotiation attempts regarding on the payment of the KAI KF 21 Boramae fighter program after his predecessor Ryamizard Ryacudu stalled the payment of Indonesia s shares in the program 158 He later attended the launch of the aircraft prototype together with South Korean President Moon Jae in representing Indonesia 159 On 20 April 2022 together with Minister of State Owned Enterprise Erick Thohir Prabowo strengthened the Indonesian defence industry by consolidating PT Len Pindad PAL Indonesia Indonesian Aerospace and PT Dahana into a single holding Defend ID 160 Food estate program edit On 2020 Prabowo was appointed by Jokowi to spearhead the national food estate program Jokowi s reasoning for Prabowo s appointment was that as Minister of Defense Prabowo also plays important role on carrying out strategic projects such as food storage The development of food barns in Central Kalimantan began in mid 2020 utilizing existing rice fields covering an area of around 30 000 hectares with 10 000 hectares located in Pulang Pisau Regency and 20 000 hectares in Kapuas Regency In 2021 this project will be expanded to 44 135 hectares 161 Although Prabowo was selected as the project leader he emphasize that the Ministry of Defense will only play a supporting role in the food estate work as the Minister of Agriculture will play the leading role indicating that cross sector collaboration is the key to the success of this project This reflects the synergy between the agricultural and defense sectors in an effort to achieve sustainability and national food security 161 Foreign policy edit nbsp Prabowo met with Minister Defense of UAE Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum on July 2022 In his first 100 days as Minister of Defense Prabowo visited 8 countries to meet the Ministers of Defense of Malaysia Thailand Turkey China Japan the Philippines and France to strengthen military relations 162 163 Prabowo also made efforts to help state owned defense enterprises to export their products overseas He succeeded in helping Indonesian Aerospace export CN 235 aircraft to Senegal and export NC 212i aircraft to Thailand 164 as well as helping PAL Indonesia export landing platform dock type warships to the Philippine Navy 165 South China Sea edit nbsp Prabowo with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida in April 2024 Following an incident in late 2019 where Chinese vessels violated the Indonesian EEZ off the Natuna Islands Prabowo Subianto called for a cautious response referring to China as a friendly nation 166 He also ordered the deployment of additional navy vessels in the region in response to the incident 167 Despite the controversy of his inaction in Natuna Island a poll by Indo Barometer on early January show that Prabowo Subianto is the most popular minister in Jokowi s cabinet 168 United States edit nbsp Prabowo with U S Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin in August 2023 In October 2020 Prabowo Subianto visited the United States despite his previous ban from entering the country in his capacity as Minister of Defense after being invited by his US counterpart Mark Esper and a visa was issued for him Several human rights organizations including Amnesty International had previously called for the Trump administration to cancel the visit 169 From his frequent foreign visit overtures such as in the United States Prabowo succeeded in convincing the United States Congress to approve the sale of the advanced F 15EX Eagle II supersonic fighter aircraft to Indonesia 170 Russo Ukrainian War edit On 3 June 2023 Prabowo Subianto proposed a multi point peace plan to end the war between Russia and Ukraine at IISS Shangri La Dialogue in Singapore 171 172 His proposal includes the following 171 Immediate cessation of hostilities through cease fire Establishment of demilitarized zones by withdrawing 15 kilometers from their forward positions UN referendums on disputed territories Prabowo s proposal was dismissed outright by Ukrainian Defense Oleksii Reznikov stating that the proposal was a Russian plan not an Indonesian plan 173 This proposal was also criticized by EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell saying that there must be a just peace not peace of surrender 173 It was also criticized by PDI P as Secretary General Hasto Kristiyanto id said Indonesia does not need a leader who gives advice that deviates from the principle of free and active diplomacy 174 However his plan was well received by China with former Chinese ambassador to the United States Cui Tiankai expressing appreciation for Prabowo s efforts while criticizing the West for mismanaging their own security situation 175 Prabowo was later called by Jokowi for clarifications on the peace plan as Indonesia had officially condemned Russia for the invasion 175 176 Jokowi then clarified that Prabowo s peace plan as okay because it was just a suggestion in an open dialogue and did not officially reflect Indonesia s stance 177 Gaza Israel Conflict edit During the Israel Hamas Conflict in 2023 Prabowo Subianto called out his disappointment with the Western countries who seemed silent when they saw civilians and children becoming victims of war and blasted the west for a perceived double standards on human rights He has donated Rp 5 billion of his personal wealth to the Palestinian people 178 and joined President Jokowi Secretary of State Pratikno Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi and Ambassador to Indonesia from Palestine Zuhair Al Shun in sending off 51 5 tonnes of aid delivered by the Indonesian Air Force 179 He had also communicated with the Egyptian Defense Minister Mohamed Ahmad Zaki to allow the passage of the Indonesian Navy hospital ship KRI dr Radjiman Wedyodiningrat to dock near El Arish Sinai in order to deliver further aid for Palestine 180 Education edit One of Prabowo s first actions as Minister of Defense was to expand the field of study at the Indonesian Defense University Unhan id In Prabowo s directive Unhan opened the Bachelor of Military Medicine and Bachelor of Science and Mathematics and Military Science study programs 181 He also waived tuition fees for distinguished cadets and ensure the welfare of students by providing laptop computers from campus 182 On 25 March 2022 Jokowi and Prabowo expanded the campus by opening a branch outside Sentul id West Java namely Ben Mboi Polytechnic in Belu East Nusa Tenggara Prabowo also personally received 22 Palestinian students to be enrolled at Unhan on 8 November 2023 with a 5 year term study in medicine pharmacy and engineering 183 He gave them full scholarship and promised to enroll more Palestinian students into the university 183 According to Prabowo their enrollment is a part of Indonesia s own commitment to aid Palestine in their efforts to be a recognized sovereign country 183 Controversies editThis section may lend undue weight to certain ideas incidents or controversies Please help to create a more balanced presentation Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message April 2019 Paradise Papers edit See also Paradise Papers In November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in Paradise Papers allegations 184 Mirage 2000 procurement edit On 13 February 2024 the Corruption Eradication Commission had received a report of alleged corruption conducted by Prabowo in the purchase of ex Qatar Emiri Air Force Dassault Mirage 2000 5 jet aircraft which was canceled by the Ministry of Defense due to fiscal limitations 185 186 Allegedly the purchased aircraft will be bought at a much higher price and there are gratification involved 185 187 Deputy Minister of Defense Muhammad Herindra denied the allegations dismissing the rumors as slanderous allegations and fake news 187 In response the Ministry of Defense appointed lawyer Hotman Paris Hutapea to lead the defense 188 Despite being mentioned in a report that allegedly uncovered the corruption Group of States against Corruption GRECO states that they never have done any work related to Indonesia 189 Political gaffes edit On 18 September 2017 at the launch of a book on his father s political economy theory Prabowo Subianto made a speech warning Indonesia could break apart in 2030 In other countries they have made studies where the Republic of Indonesia has been declared no more in 2030 he said A video clip of the speech was posted to Gerindra s official Facebook page on 18 March 2018 When asked which studies Prabowo Subianto was referring to Gerindra official Elnino M Husein Mohi said Prabowo Subianto has read various writings of people that are outside the country intellectual observers that exist You can also see them online 190 It was subsequently revealed the studies were actually a 2015 science fiction war novel called Ghost Fleet by American authors August Cole and P W Singer A note by the authors at the start of the book states The following was inspired by real world trends and technologies But ultimately it is a work of fiction not prediction 191 Bemused by Prabowo Subianto citing the book Singer posted on Twitter Indonesian opposition leader cites GhostFleet in fiery campaign speeches There have been many unexpected twists and turns from this book experience but this may take the cake 192 In late 2018 Prabowo Subianto was ridiculed after erroneously stating that Haiti a republic in the Caribbean is an African country In a speech made on 23 December 2018 in Solo Central Java Prabowo Subianto said the Indonesian government had driven part of Indonesia s wealth offshore If this continues to go on Indonesia will continue to be impoverished he said We Indonesians are on par with African impoverished countries such as Rwanda Haiti and small islands like Kiribati which we don t even know where it s located he added 193 On 17 January 2019 in the first debate between the candidates in Indonesia s April 2019 presidential election Prabowo Subianto said some Indonesian governors deserve higher salaries considering the size of their provinces He gave the example of Central Java province which he claimed is larger than Malaysia Local media reports pointed out that Central Java is 32 544 12 square kilometres while Malaysia is 330 323 square kilometres 194 After the media reported on the error Prabowo s campaign team claimed he had actually been referring to the population totals of Malaysia and Central Java 195 In the same debate Prabowo Subianto claimed that terrorist attacks in Indonesia were caused by poverty and perpetrated by non Muslims disguised as Muslims sent by other countries and controlled by foreigners Media reports refuted his claims pointing out that some Indonesian terrorist bombers were not poor and were not manipulated by foreigners 196 On 12 December 2023 Prabowo went viral after his commentary about his rival Anies Baswedan on ethics by saying Ndasmu etik English God damn ethics which is considered insulting him in an internal party congress held by Gerindra 197 His spokesperson later stated that it was just a joke 197 Personal life editPrabowo is a cat lover and owned a cat named Bobby Kertanegara 198 Bobby was adopted by Prabowo from the streets after a chance meeting 198 and he often showed up in meetings that Prabowo attended in his residence at Kertanegara 198 Aside from a cat he also owned 18 horses in his hill estate in Jonggol Mountains Bojong Koneng id Bogor Regency southeast of Sentul City and he often invited guests to ride one of his horses including when Jokowi and Gibran visited 199 He had once brought his horse to campaign rallies especially in Gelora Bung Karno Stadium 200 Prabowo usually wears khaki clothes with many pockets He himself stated that he liked this suit for practical reasons Prabowo started wearing it frequently when he was paired with Megawati in the 2009 presidential election 201 Religion edit In an interview in 2018 Prabowo stated that he is a Muslim who adheres to nationalism view 202 He added that he had insufficient knowledge about Islam 202 On 7 June 2014 Prabowo stated that he could not read the Quran fluently 203 On 13 May 2017 Prabowo said that he was not born into a family steeped in Islamic teachings but grew up with his colleagues who were members of various Islamic community organizations 204 On 13 May 2023 Prabowo said that he is proud to adhere to Islam which he considers to be the pioneer in many scientific and technological breakthroughs through the world 205 On 19 November he said that he feels suitable to adhere to Islamic beliefs from the teachings of Nahdlatul Ulama because he believes that the latter advocates for a form of Islam that is tolerant protective of society and moderate 206 Honours edit nbsp Prabowo Subianto as chief of Indonesian Armed Forces Command and Staff School Sesko ABRI in his uniform with multiple decorations National honours edit As an Indonesian Army officer and Minister of Defence Prabowo Subianto received the following awards and decorations nbsp Grand Meritorious Military Order Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama 207 nbsp Army Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama 208 nbsp Navy Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Jalasena Utama 209 nbsp Air Force Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Swa Bhuana Paksa Utama 210 nbsp Grand Meritorious Military Order Star 3rd Class Indonesian Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya 211 nbsp Army Meritorious Service Star 3rd Class Indonesian Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya 212 nbsp Military Long Service Medal 24 Years Indonesian Satyalancana Kesetiaan XIV Tahun 213 nbsp Military Operation Service Medal in Aceh Indonesian Satyalancana G O M VII nbsp Military Instructor Service Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha 214 nbsp nbsp Military Operation Service Medal IX Raksaka Dharma Indonesian Satyalancana G O M IX Raksaka Dharma w 1 gold star 215 nbsp nbsp nbsp Timor Military Campaign Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Seroja w 2 gold star 216 nbsp Role Model Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Wira Karya 217 Foreign honours edit Ribbon Distinction Country Date Reference nbsp Commander of the National Order of Merit nbsp France 1997 218 nbsp Knight of the Royal Order of Sahametrei nbsp Cambodia Unknown 219 nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of Military Merit nbsp Jordan Unknown 220 nbsp Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca nbsp Malaysia 26 July 2022 221 nbsp Distinguished Service Order Military nbsp Singapore 21 November 2023 222 nbsp Collar of the Order of Zayed nbsp UAE 13 May 2024 223 Other honours edit On 17 June 2009 Prabowo was declared a member of the Lumban Tobing clan of Toba Batak people The clan awarding was facilitated by the Punguan Siraja Lumban Tobing Association PPSLB and took place at the Lake Toba Convention Center Medan 224 On 28 December 2011 Prabowo received the traditional title of Tongkonan from the indigenous people of Siguntu village Rantepao North Toraja The presentation of the traditional title which was accompanied by the Rambu Solo mourning ceremony was witnessed by the Governor of South Sulawesi Syahrul Yasin Limpo Deputy Governor of South Sulawesi Agus Arifin Nu mang Commander of Kodam VII Wirabuana Major General Muhammad Nizam 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present Incumbent Party political offices Preceded bySuhardi Chairman of the Gerindra Party2014 present Incumbent Military offices Preceded bySugiono Commander of Kostrad1997 1998 Succeeded byJohny Lumintang acting Djamari Chaniago Preceded bySubagyo Hadi Siswoyo General Commander of Kopassus1995 1998 Succeeded byMuchdi Purwopranjono Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prabowo Subianto amp oldid 1223961748, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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