Pole vault
Pole vaulting, also known as pole jumping, is a track and field event in which an athlete uses a long and flexible pole, usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber, as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the Mycenaean Greeks, Minoan Greeks and Celts[citation needed]. It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and since 2000 for women.
| Athletics Pole vault | |
|---|---|
Vaulting phases of world record holder Armand Duplantis | |
| World records | |
| Men | Armand Duplantis 6.22 m (20 ft 4+3⁄4 in) i (2023) |
| Women | Yelena Isinbayeva 5.06 m (16 ft 7 in) (2009) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men | Thiago Braz 6.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in) (2016) |
| Women | Yelena Isinbayeva 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (2008) |
| World Championship records | |
| Men | Armand Duplantis 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (2022) |
| Women | Yelena Isinbayeva 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) (2005) |
It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in athletics, alongside the high jump, long jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate, even at a basic level. A number of elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds in gymnastics, including world record breakers Yelena Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg, reflecting the similar physical attributes required for the sports.[1][2] Running speed, however, may be the most dominant factor. Physical attributes such as speed, agility and strength are essential to pole vaulting effectively, but technical skill is an equally if not more important element. The object of pole vaulting is to clear a bar or crossbar supported upon two uprights (standards) without knocking it down.
History
Poles were used as a practical means of passing over natural obstacles in marshy places such as the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, along the North Sea, and the great level of the Fens in England across Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk. Artificial draining of these marshes created a network of open drains or canals intersecting each other. To cross these without getting soaked, while avoiding tedious roundabout journeys over bridges, a stack of jumping poles was kept at every house and used for vaulting over the canals.[citation needed]
Distance pole vaulting competitions continue to be held annually in the lowlands around the North Sea. These far-jumping competitions (Frisian: Fierljeppen) are not based on height.[3]
In his book The Mechanics of the Pole Vault, Richard Ganslen reports that the London Gymnastic Society under Professor Voelker held measured pole vaulting events in 1826, involving 1,300 participants and recording heights up to 10 ft 10 in (3.3 m).[4] Other early pole vaulting competitions where height was measured took place at the Ulverston Football and Cricket Club, Lancashire, north of the sands (now Cumbria) in 1843.[5] Modern competition began around 1850 in Germany, when pole vaulting was added to the exercises of the Turner gymnastic clubs by Johann C. F. GutsMuths and Friedrich L. Jahn. In Great Britain, it was first practiced at the Caledonian Games.
Initially, vaulting poles were made from stiff materials such as bamboo or aluminum.[6] The introduction of flexible vaulting poles in the early 1950s made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve greater height.[7]
In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof". This rule was not applied retroactively.[8] With many indoor facilities not conforming to outdoor track specifications for size and flatness, the pole vault was the only world record set indoors until 2022.
Modern vaulting
Today, athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field. Because the high jump and pole vault are both vertical jumps, the competitions are conducted similarly. Each athlete can choose at what height they would like to enter the competition. Once they enter, they have three attempts to clear the height. If a height is cleared, the vaulter advances to the next height, where they will have three more attempts. Once the vaulter has three consecutive misses, they are out of the competition and the highest height they cleared is their result. A "no height", often denoted "NH", refers to the failure of a vaulter to clear any bar during the competition.
Once the vaulter enters the competition, they can choose to pass heights. If a vaulter achieves a miss on their first attempt at a height, they can pass to the next height, but they will only have two attempts at that height, as they will be out once they achieve three consecutive misses. Similarly, after earning two misses at a height, they could pass to the next height, when they would have only one attempt.
The competitor who clears the highest height is the winner. If two or more vaulters have finished with the same height, the tie is broken by the number of misses at the final height. If the tied vaulters have the same number of misses at the last height cleared, the tie is broken by the total number of misses in the competition.
If there is still a tie for first place, a jump-off occurs to break the tie. Marks achieved in this type of jump-off are considered valid and count for any purpose that a mark achieved in a normal competition would.
If a tie in the other places still exists, a jump-off is not normally conducted, unless the competition is a qualifying meet, and the tie exists in the final qualifying spot. In this case, an administrative jump-off is conducted to break the tie, but the marks are not considered valid for any other purpose than breaking the tie.
A jump-off is a sudden death competition in which the tied vaulters attempt the same height, starting with the last attempted height. If both vaulters miss, the bar goes down by a small increment, and if both clear, the bar goes up by a small increment. A jump-off ends when one vaulter clears and the other misses. Each vaulter gets one attempt at each height until one makes and one misses.
The equipment and rules for pole vaulting are similar to the high jump. Unlike high jump, however, the athlete in the vault has the ability to select the horizontal position of the bar before each jump and can place it a distance beyond the back of the box, the metal pit that the pole is placed into immediately before takeoff. The range of distance the vaulter may place the standards varies depending on the level of competition.
If the pole used by the athlete dislodges the bar from the uprights, a foul attempt is ruled, even if the athlete has cleared the height. An athlete does not benefit from quickly leaving the landing pad before the bar has fallen. The exception to this rule if the vaulter is vaulting outdoors and has made a clear effort to throw the pole back, but the wind has blown the pole into the bar; this counts as a clearance. This call is made at the discretion of the pole vault official. If the pole breaks during the execution of a vault, it is considered an equipment failure and is ruled a non-jump, neither a make nor a miss. Other types of equipment failure include the standards slipping down or the wind dislodging the bar when no contact was made by the vaulter.
Each athlete has a set amount of time in which to make an attempt. The amount of time varies by level of competition and the number of vaulters remaining. If the vaulter fails to begin an attempt within this time, the vaulter is charged with a time foul and the attempt is a miss.
Poles are manufactured with ratings corresponding to the vaulter's maximum weight. As a safety precaution, some organizations forbid use of poles rated below the vaulter's weight. The recommended weight roughly corresponds to a flex rating that is determined by the manufacturer by applying a standardized amount of stress (most commonly a 50 lb (23 kg) weight) on the pole and measuring how much the center of the pole is displaced. Therefore, two poles rated at the same weight are not necessarily the same stiffness.
Pole stiffness and length are important factors to a vaulter's performance. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an elite vaulter to carry as many as ten poles to a competition. The effective length of a pole can be changed by gripping the pole higher or lower in relation to the top of the pole. The left and right handgrips are typically a bit more than shoulder width apart. Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels and body sizes, with lengths between 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) and 5.30 m (17 ft 5 in) and a wide range of weight ratings. Each manufacturer determines the weight rating for the pole and the location of the maximum handhold band.
Speed is an essential element to high jumps. The horizontal kinetic energy produced by the run is converted to vertical propulsion . Assuming no loss of energy , this means that .
Technology
Competitive pole vaulting began using solid ash poles. As the heights attained increased, bamboo poles gave way to tubular aluminum,[9] which was tapered at each end. Today's pole vaulters benefit from poles produced by wrapping pre-cut sheets of fiberglass that contains resin around a metal pole mandrel, to produce a slightly curved pole that bends more easily under the compression caused by an athlete's take-off. The shape of the fiberglass sheets and the amount of fiberglass used is carefully planned to provide the desired length and stiffness of pole. Different fiber types, including carbon-fiber, are used to give poles specific characteristics intended to promote higher jumps. In recent years, carbon fiber has been added to the commonly used E-glass (E for initial electrical use) and S-glass (S for solid) materials to create a lighter pole.
As in the high jump, the landing area was originally a heap of sawdust or sand where athletes landed on their feet. As technology enabled higher vaults, mats evolved into bags of large chunks of foam. Today's mats are foam usually 1–1.5 meters (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) thick. They are usually built up with two cross-laid square section logs with gaps between them, topped by a solid layer of foam of the same thickness. This lattice construction is wrapped in a close-fitting cover topped with nylon mesh, which allows some air to escape, thus combining both foam and a measure of air cushioning. The final layer is a large mat of mesh-covered foam which is clipped around the edges of the complete pit and prevents the athlete from falling between the individual bags. Mats are growing larger in area as well to minimize risk of injury. Proper landing technique is on the back or shoulders. Landing on the feet should be avoided, to eliminate the risk of injury to the lower extremities, particularly ankle sprains.
Rule changes over the years have resulted in larger landing areas and additional padding of all hard and unyielding surfaces.
The pole vault crossbar has evolved from a triangular aluminum bar to a round fiberglass bar with rubber ends. This is balanced on standards and can be knocked off when it is hit by a pole vaulter or the pole. Rule changes have led to shorter pegs and crossbar ends that are semi-circular.
Technique
Although many techniques are used by vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar, the generally accepted technical model can be broken down into several phases.
Approach
During the approach the pole vaulter sprints down the runway in such a way as to achieve maximum speed and correct position to initiate takeoff at the end of the approach. Top class vaulters use approaches with 18 to 22 strides, often referred to as a "step" in which every other foot is counted as one step. The run-up to the vaulting pit begins forcefully with the vaulter running powerfully in a relaxed, upright position with knees lifted and torso leaning very slightly forward. The head, shoulders and hips are aligned, the vaulter increasing speed as the body becomes erect. The tip of the vaulting pole is angled higher than eye level until three paces from takeoff, when the pole tip descends efficiently, amplifying run speed as the pole is planted into the vault box. The faster the vaulter can run and the more efficient their take-off is, the greater the kinetic energy that can be achieved and used during the vault.
Plant and take-off
The plant and take-off is initiated typically three steps out from the final step. Vaulters will usually count their steps backwards from their starting point to the box only counting the steps taken on the left foot (vice versa for left-handers) except for the second step from the box, which is taken by the right foot. For example, a vaulter on a "ten count" (referring to the number of counted steps from the starting point to the box) would count backwards from ten, only counting the steps taken with the left foot, until the last three steps taken and both feet are counted as three, two, one. These last three steps are normally quicker than the previous strides and are referred to as the "turn-over". The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole, and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground. The plant starts with the vaulter raising their arms up from around the hips or mid-torso until they are fully outstretched above the head, with the right arm extended directly above the head and the left arm extended perpendicular to the pole (vice versa for left-handed vaulters). At the same time, the vaulter is dropping the pole tip into the box. On the final step, the vaulter jumps off the trail leg which should always remain straight and then drives the front knee forward. As the pole slides into the back of the box the pole begins to bend and the vaulter continues up and forward, leaving the trail leg angled down and behind.
Swing up
The swing and row simply consists of the vaulter swinging the trail leg forward and rowing the pole, bringing the top arm down to the hips, while trying to keep the trail leg straight to store more potential energy into the pole, the rowing motion also keeps the pole bent for a longer period of time for the vaulter to get into optimum position. Once in a "U" shape the left arm hugs the pole tight to efficiently use the recoil within the pole. The goal is to carry out these motions as thoroughly and as quickly as possible; it is a race against the unbending of the pole. Effectively, this causes a double pendulum motion, with the top of the pole moving forward and pivoting from the box, while the vaulter acts as a second pendulum pivoting from the right hand. This action gives the vaulter the best position possible to be "ejected" off the pole. The swing continues until the hips are above the head and the arms are pulling the pole close to the chest; from there the vaulter shoots their legs up over the cross bar while keeping the pole close.[10][11]
Extension
The extension refers to the extension of the hips upward with outstretched legs as the shoulders drive down, causing the vaulter to be positioned upside down. This position is often referred to as "inversion". While this phase is executed, the pole begins to recoil, propelling the vaulter quickly upward. The hands of the vaulter remain close to the body as they move from the shins back to the region around the hips and upper torso.
Turn
The turn is executed immediately after or even during the end of the rockback. As the name implies, the vaulter turns 180° toward the pole while extending the arms down past the head and shoulders. Typically the vaulter will begin to angle their body toward the bar as the turn is executed, although ideally the vaulter will remain as vertical as possible. A more accurate description of this phase of the vault may be "the spin" because the vaulter spins around an imaginary axis from head to toe.
Fly-away
This is often highly emphasized by spectators and novice vaulters, but it is the easiest phase of the vault and is a result of proper execution of previous phases. This phase mainly consists of the vaulter pushing off the pole and releasing it so it falls away from the bar and mats. As the torso goes over and around the bar, the vaulter is facing the bar. Rotation of the body over the bar occurs naturally, and the vaulter's main concern is making sure that their arms, face and any other appendages do not knock the bar off as they go over. The vaulter should land near the middle of the foam landing mats, or pits, face up.
Terminology
- Bar
- The cross bar that is suspended above the ground by the standards.
- Box
- A trapezoidal indentation in the ground with a metal or fiberglass covering at the end of the runway in which vaulters "plant" their pole. The back wall of the box is nearly vertical and is approximately 8 inches (20 cm) in depth. The bottom of the box gradually slopes upward approximately 3 feet (90 cm) until it is level with the runway. The covering in the box ensures the pole will slide to the back of the box without catching on anything. The covering's lip overlaps onto the runway and ensures a smooth transition from all-weather surface so a pole being planted does not catch on the box.
- Drive knee
- During the plant phase, the knee is driven forward at the time of "takeoff" to help propel the vaulter upward.
- Grip
- The location of the vaulter's top hand on the pole. As the vaulter improves, their grip may move up the pole incrementally. The other hand is typically placed shoulder-width down from the top hand. Hands are not allowed to grip the very top of the pole (their hand perpendicular to the pole) for safety reasons.
- Jump foot
- The foot that the vaulter uses to leave the ground as they begin their vault. It is also referred to as the take-off foot.
- Pit
- The mats used for landing in pole vault.
- Plant position
- The position a vaulter is in the moment the pole reaches the back of the box and the vaulter begins their vault. Their arms are fully extended and their drive knee begins to come up as they jump.
- Pole
- The fiberglass equipment used to propel the vaulter up and over the bar. One side is stiffer than the other to facilitate the bending of the pole after the plant. A vaulter may rest the pole on their arm to determine which side is the stiff side.
- Standards
- The equipment that holds the bar at a particular height above the ground. Standards may be adjusted to raise and lower the bar and also to adjust the horizontal position of the bar.
- Steps
- Since the box is in a fixed position, vaulters must adjust their approach to ensure they are in the correct position when attempting to vault.
- Swing leg or trail leg
- The swing leg is also the jump foot. After a vaulter has left the ground, the leg that was last touching the ground stays extended and swings forward to help propel the vaulter upwards.
- Volzing
- A method of holding or pushing the bar back onto the pegs while jumping over a height. This takes considerable skill, although it is now against the rules and counted as a miss. The technique is named after U.S. Olympian Dave Volz, who made an art form of the practice and surprised many by making the U.S. Olympic team in 1992.
All-time top 25
Men (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) | Armand Duplantis | Sweden | 24 JUL 2022 | Eugene | |
| 2 | 6.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #2 | 30 JUN 2022 | Stockholm | [16] | ||
| 3 | 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in) | Duplantis #3 | 17 SEP 2020 | Rome | |||
| 2 | 4 | 6.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in) A | Sergey Bubka | Ukraine | 31 JUL 1994 | Sestriere | |
| 5 | 6.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #2 | 19 SEP 1992 | Tokyo | |||
| 6 | 6.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in) | Bubka #3 | 30 AUG 1992 | Padua | |||
| 7 | 6.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in) | Bubka #4 | 13 JUN 1992 | Dijon | |||
| 8 | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) | Bubka #5 | 05 AUG 1991 | Malmö | |||
| Duplantis #4 | 06 JUN 2021 | Hengelo | |||||
| Duplantis #5 | 06 AUG 2022 | Chorzów | [17] | ||||
| Duplantis #6 | 25 AUG 2022 | Lausanne | [18] | ||||
| 12 | 6.09 m (19 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | Bubka #6 | 08 JUL 1991 | Formia | |||
| 13 | 6.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #7 | 09 JUN 1991 | Moscow | |||
| 14 | 6.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Bubka #8 | 06 MAY 1991 | Shizuoka | |||
| Duplantis #7 | 02 SEP 2020 | Lausanne | |||||
| Duplantis #8 | 08 SEP 2022 | Zürich | [19] | ||||
| 17 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Bubka #9 | 10 JUL 1988 | Nice | |||
| 3 | 17 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Sam Kendricks | United States | 27 JUL 2019 | Des Moines | [20] |
| 17 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #9 | 09 SEP 2021 | Zürich | [21] | ||
| Duplantis #10 | 24 JUL 2022 | Eugene | |||||
| Duplantis #11 | 20 AUG 2022 | Munich | [22] | ||||
| 22 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Bubka #10 | 09 JUN 1988 | Bratislava | |||
| Bubka #11 | 10 SEP 1993 | London | |||||
| Bubka #12 | 30 AUG 1994 | Berlin | |||||
| Bubka #13 | 13 SEP 1997 | Fukuoka | |||||
| 4 | 22 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Maksim Tarasov | Russia | 16 JUN 1999 | Athens | |
| Dmitri Markov | Australia | 09 AUG 2001 | Edmonton | ||||
| Renaud Lavillenie | France | 30 MAY 2015 | Eugene | ||||
| 22 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Duplantis #12 | 12 AUG 2018 | Berlin | |||
| Duplantis #13 | 03 SEP 2021 | Brussels | [23] | ||||
| 7 | 6.04 m (19 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Brad Walker | United States | 08 JUN 2008 | Eugene | ||
| 8 | 6.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Okkert Brits | South Africa | 18 AUG 1995 | Cologne | ||
| Jeff Hartwig | United States | 14 JUN 2000 | Jonesboro | ||||
| Thiago Braz | Brazil | 15 AUG 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [24] | |||
| 11 | 6.02 m (19 ft 9 in) | Piotr Lisek | Poland | 12 JUL 2019 | Monaco | [25] | |
| 12 | 6.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Igor Trandenkov | Russia | 03 JUL 1996 | St. Petersburg | ||
| Timothy Mack | United States | 18 SEP 2004 | Monaco | ||||
| Yevgeny Lukyanenko | Russia | 01 JUL 2008 | Bydgoszcz | ||||
| Björn Otto | Germany | 05 SEP 2012 | Aachen | ||||
| 16 | 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Radion Gataullin | Soviet Union | 16 SEP 1989 | Tokyo | ||
| Tim Lobinger | Germany | 24 AUG 1997 | Cologne | ||||
| Toby Stevenson | United States | 08 MAY 2004 | Modesto | ||||
| Paul Burgess | Australia | 26 FEB 2005 | Perth | ||||
| Steve Hooker | Australia | 27 JAN 2008 | Perth | ||||
| Timur Morgunov | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 12 AUG 2018 | Berlin | [26] | |||
| Chris Nilsen | United States | 06 MAY 2022 | Sioux Falls | [27] | |||
| 23 | 5.98 m (19 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | Lawrence Johnson | United States | 25 MAY 1996 | Knoxville | ||
| Jean Galfione | France | 23 JUL 1999 | Amiens | ||||
| 25 | 5.97 m (19 ft 7 in) | Scott Huffman | United States | 18 JUN 1994 | Knoxville |
Women (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 5.06 m (16 ft 7 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 28 AUG 2009 | Zürich | |
| 2 | 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #2 | 18 AUG 2008 | Beijing | |||
| 3 | 5.04 m (16 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #3 | 29 JUL 2008 | Monaco | |||
| 4 | 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) | Isinbayeva #4 | 11 JUL 2008 | Rome | |||
| 5 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Isinbayeva #5 | 12 AUG 2005 | Helsinki | |||
| 2 | 5 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 09 SEP 2021 | Zürich | [28] |
| 7 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #6 | 22 JUL 2005 | London | |||
| 3 | 7 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Sandi Morris | United States | 09 SEP 2016 | Brussels | [29] |
| 9 | 4.96 m (16 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #7 | 22 JUL 2005 | London | |||
| 10 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #8 | 16 JUL 2005 | Madrid | |||
| Morris #2 | 27 JUL 2018 | Greenville | |||||
| Sidorova #2 | 29 SEP 2019 | Doha | [30] | ||||
| 4 | 10 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Katie Nageotte | United States | 26 JUN 2021 | Eugene | |
| 5 | 14 | 4.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Eliza McCartney | New Zealand | 17 JUL 2018 | Jockgrim | [31] |
| 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Isinbayeva #9 | 05 JUL 2005 | Lausanne | |||
| Isinbayeva #10 | 26 AUG 2005 | Brussels | |||||
| Isinbayeva #11 | 25 JUL 2008 | London | |||||
| Morris #3 | 23 JUL 2016 | Houston | |||||
| 6 | 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Jennifer Suhr | United States | 14 APR 2018 | Austin | |
| 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Nageotte #2 | 23 MAY 2021 | Marietta | |||
| 21 | 4.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Isinbayeva #12 | 03 SEP 2004 | Brussels | |||
| Suhr #2 | 06 JUL 2008 | Eugene | |||||
| McCartney #2 | 23 JUN 2018 | Mannheim | |||||
| Nageotte #3 | 01 AUG 2020 | Marietta | |||||
| 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #13 | 24 AUG 2004 | Athens | |||
| Isinbayeva #14 | 28 JUL 2006 | London | |||||
| Isinbayeva #15 | 06 JUL 2007 | Saint-Denis | |||||
| Suhr #3 | 26 JUL 2011 | Rochester | |||||
| Suhr #4 | 14 JUN 2013 | Lyndonville | |||||
| 7 | 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Yarisley Silva | Cuba | 02 AUG 2015 | Beckum | |
| Katerina Stefanidi | Greece | 06 AUG 2017 | London | [32] | |||
| 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Suhr #5 | 30 MAR 2019 | Austin | |||
| Sidorova #3 | 10 JUN 2021 | Florence | |||||
| Sidorova #4 | 02 AUG 2022 | Cheboksary | |||||
| 9 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Holly Bradshaw | Great Britain | 26 JUN 2021 | Manchester | ||
| 10 | 4.88 m (16 ft 0 in) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia | 04 JUL 2004 | Herakleion | ||
| 11 | 4.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Fabiana Murer | Brazil | 03 JUL 2016 | São Bernardo do Campo | [33] | |
| 12 | 4.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Wilma Murto | Finland | 17 AUG 2022 | Munich | [34] | |
| 13 | 4.83 m (15 ft 10 in) | Stacy Dragila | United States | 08 JUN 2004 | Ostrava | ||
| Anna Rogowska | Poland | 26 AUG 2005 | Brussels | ||||
| Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou | Greece | 04 JUL 2015 | Paris | [35] | |||
| Michaela Meijer | Sweden | 01 AUG 2020 | Norrköping | [36] | |||
| 17 | 4.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Monika Pyrek | Poland | 22 SEP 2007 | Stuttgart | ||
| Silke Spiegelburg | Germany | 20 JUL 2012 | Monaco | ||||
| Alysha Newman | Canada | 24 AUG 2019 | Paris | [37] | |||
| Nina Kennedy | Australia | 13 MAR 2021 | Sydney | [38] | |||
| 21 | 4.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Alana Boyd | Australia | 12 JUN 2008 | Ostrava | [39] | |
| 22 | 4.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in) | Martina Strutz | Germany | 30 AUG 2011 | Daegu | ||
| Angelica Bengtsson | Sweden | 29 SEP 2019 | Doha | ||||
| 24 | 4.78 m (15 ft 8 in) | Tatyana Polnova | Russia | 19 SEP 2004 | Monaco | ||
| Nicole Büchler | Switzerland | 06 MAY 2016 | Doha |
Men (indoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 6.22 m (20 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Armand Duplantis | Sweden | 25 FEB 2023 | Clermont-Ferrand | [40] |
| 2 | 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) | Duplantis #2 | 20 MAR 2022 | Belgrade | [41] | ||
| 3 | 6.19 m (20 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #3 | 07 MAR 2022 | Belgrade | [42] | ||
| 4 | 6.18 m (20 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | Duplantis #4 | 15 FEB 2020 | Glasgow | |||
| 5 | 6.17 m (20 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Duplantis #5 | 08 FEB 2020 | Toruń | |||
| 2 | 6 | 6.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | Renaud Lavillenie | France | 15 FEB 2014 | Donetsk | [43] |
| 3 | 7 | 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in) | Sergey Bubka | Ukraine | 21 FEB 1993 | Donetsk | |
| 8 | 6.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Bubka #2 | 13 FEB 1993 | Liévin | |||
| 9 | 6.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #3 | 21 FEB 1992 | Berlin | |||
| 10 | 6.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in) | Bubka #4 | 23 MAR 1991 | Grenoble | |||
| 11 | 6.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in) | Bubka #5 | 19 MAR 1991 | Donetsk | |||
| 12 | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) | Bubka #6 | 15 MAR 1991 | San Sebastián | |||
| Duplantis #6 | 24 FEB 2021 | Belgrade | |||||
| Duplantis #7 | 02 FEB 2023 | Uppsala | [44] | ||||
| 15 | 6.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #7 | 09 FEB 1991 | Volgograd | |||
| Lavillenie #2 | 31 JAN 2014 | Bydgoszcz | |||||
| 17 | 6.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Duplantis #8 | 19 FEB 2020 | Liévin | |||
| 4 | 18 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Steve Hooker | Australia | 07 FEB 2009 | Boston | |
| 18 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Lavillenie #3 | 27 FEB 2021 | Aubière | |||
| Duplantis #9 | 10 FEB 2023 | Berlin | [45] | ||||
| 21 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Bubka #8 | 17 MAR 1990 | Donetsk | |||
| Bubka #9 | 05 MAR 1993 | Berlin | |||||
| Bubka #10 | 06 FEB 1994 | Grenoble | |||||
| Duplantis #10 | 07 MAR 2021 | Toruń | |||||
| Duplantis #11 | 19 FEB 2022 | Birmingham | [46] | ||||
| 5 | 21 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Chris Nilsen | United States | 05 MAR 2022 | Rouen | [47][48] |
| 6 | 6.02 m (19 ft 9 in) | Radion Gataullin | Soviet Union | 04 FEB 1989 | Gomel | ||
| Jeff Hartwig | United States | 10 MAR 2002 | Sindelfingen | ||||
| 8 | 6.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Sam Kendricks | United States | 08 FEB 2020 | Rouen | ||
| 9 | 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Maksim Tarasov | Russia | 05 FEB 1999 | Budapest | ||
| Jean Galfione | France | 06 MAR 1999 | Maebashi | ||||
| Danny Ecker | Germany | 11 FEB 2001 | Dortmund | ||||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) A | Shawnacy Barber | Canada | 15 JAN 2016 | Reno | |||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Piotr Lisek | Poland | 04 FEB 2017 | Potsdam | |||
| KC Lightfoot | United States | 13 FEB 2021 | Lubbock | [49] | |||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) A | Sondre Guttormsen | Norway | 10 MAR 2023 | Albuquerque | [50] | ||
| 16 | 5.96 m (19 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | Lawrence Johnson | United States | 03 MAR 2001 | Atlanta | ||
| Menno Vloon | Netherlands | 27 FEB 2021 | Aubière | ||||
| 18 | 5.95 m (19 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Tim Lobinger | Germany | 18 FEB 2000 | Chemnitz | ||
| Thiago Braz | Brazil | 20 MAR 2022 | Belgrade | [51] | |||
| 20 | 5.94 m (19 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | Philippe Collet | France | 10 MAR 1990 | Grenoble | ||
| 21 | 5.93 m (19 ft 5+1⁄4 in) | Billy Olson | United States | 08 FEB 1986 | East Rutherford | ||
| Tye Harvey | United States | 03 MAR 2001 | Atlanta | ||||
| 23 | 5.92 m (19 ft 5 in) | Igor Potapovich | Kazakhstan | 19 FEB 1998 | Stockholm | ||
| Björn Otto | Germany | 18 FEB 2012 | Potsdam | ||||
| 25 | 5.91 m (19 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Joe Dial | United States | 01 FEB 1986 | Columbia | ||
| Viktor Ryzhenkov | Soviet Union | 15 MAR 1991 | San Sebastián | ||||
| Timur Morgunov | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 29 AUG 2018 | Zürich | ||||
| Ernest John Obiena | Philippines | 05 MAR 2022 | Rouen | [52] | |||
| 02 FEB 2023 | Uppsala | [53] | |||||
| Kurtis Marschall | Australia | 25 FEB 2023 | Clermont-Ferrand | [40] | |||
| 5.91 m (19 ft 4+1⁄2 in) A | Zach Bradford | United States | 10 MAR 2023 | Albuquerque | [50] |
Women (indoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) | Jennifer Suhr | United States | 30 JAN 2016 | Brockport | [54] |
| 2 | 5.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) A | Suhr #2 | 02 MAR 2013 | Albuquerque | |||
| 2 | 3 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 23 FEB 2012 | Stockholm | |
| 4 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #2 | 15 FEB 2009 | Donetsk | |||
| 5 | 4.97 m (16 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Isinbayeva #3 | 15 FEB 2009 | Donetsk | |||
| 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #4 | 16 FEB 2008 | Donetsk | |||
| 3 | 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Sandi Morris | United States | 12 MAR 2016 | Portland | |
| 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Morris #2 | 03 MAR 2018 | Birmingham | |||
| 3 | 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 29 FEB 2020 | Moscow | [55] |
| 5 | 10 | 4.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Katie Nageotte | United States | 11 JUN 2021 | Marietta | |
| 11 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Isinbayeva #5 | 10 FEB 2007 | Donetsk | |||
| 12 | 4.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Sidorova #2 | 25 FEB 2020 | Moscow | |||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #6 | 12 FEB 2006 | Donetsk | |||
| Suhr #3 | 16 JAN 2016 | Kent | |||||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) A | Nageotte #2 | 18 FEB 2018 | Albuquerque | |||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Sidorova #3 | 08 FEB 2019 | Madrid | |||
| Morris #3 | 08 FEB 2020 | New York City | |||||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #7 | 06 MAR 2005 | Madrid | |||
| Isinbayeva #8 | 26 FEB 2009 | Prague | |||||
| 6 | 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Katerina Stefanidi | Greece | 20 FEB 2016 | New York City | [56] |
| Demi Payne | United States | 20 FEB 2016 | New York City | [56] | |||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Suhr #4 | 12 MAR 2016 | Portland | |||
| Suhr #5 | 17 MAR 2016 | Portland | |||||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) A | Morris #4 | 12 JAN 2018 | Reno | |||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Sidorova #4 | 03 MAR 2018 | Birmingham | |||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) A | Morris #5 | 15 FEB 2020 | Albuquerque | |||
| 18 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Sidorova #5 | 21 FEB 2021 | Moscow | |||
| 8 | 4.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Holly Bradshaw | Great Britain | 20 JAN 2012 | Villeurbanne | ||
| 9 | 4.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia | 22 FEB 2004 | Peania | ||
| Anna Rogowska | Poland | 06 MAR 2011 | Paris | ||||
| 11 | 4.83 m (15 ft 10 in) | Fabiana Murer | Brazil | 07 FEB 2015 | Nevers | ||
| 12 | 4.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Yarisley Silva | Cuba | 24 APR 2013 | Des Moines | ||
| Alysha Newman | Canada | 28 AUG 2019 | Zürich | [57] | |||
| Tina Šutej | Slovenia | 02 FEB 2023 | Ostrava | [58] | |||
| 15 | 4.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Stacy Dragila | United States | 06 MAR 2004 | Budapest | ||
| Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou | Greece | 17 FEB 2016 | Stockholm | ||||
| Angelica Bengtsson | Sweden | 24 FEB 2019 | Clermont-Ferrand | [59] | |||
| Polina Knoroz | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 19 FEB 2022 | Clermont-Ferrand | [60] | |||
| 19 | 4.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in) | Nicole Büchler | Switzerland | 17 MAR 2016 | Portland | ||
| Iryna Zhuk | Belarus | 17 FEB 2022 | Liévin | [61] | |||
| Wilma Murto | Finland | 04 MAR 2023 | Istanbul | [62] | |||
| 22 | 4.78 m (15 ft 8 in) | Robeilys Peinado | Venezuela | 19 FEB 2020 | Liévin | [63] | |
| Olivia Gruver | United States | 07 FEB 2021 | Fayetteville | [64] | |||
| 24 | 4.77 m (15 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Silke Spiegelburg | Germany | 15 JAN 2012 | Leverkusen | ||
| Bridget Williams | United States | 04 FEB 2023 | Boston |
Six metres club
The "six metres club" consists of pole vaulters who have reached at least 6.00 metres.[65] In 1985 Sergey Bubka became the first pole vaulter to clear six metres.
Five metres club
Four women have cleared 5 metres. Yelena Isinbayeva was the first to clear 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) on 22 July 2005. On 2 March 2013, Jennifer Suhr cleared 5.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) indoors to become the second. Sandi Morris cleared 5.00 meters on 9 September 2016, to become the third. Anzhelika Sidorova cleared 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) at the Diamond League final in Zürich on 9 September 2021.
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Outdoors | Indoors | Year first cleared 5 metres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.06 | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 5.06 | 5.01 | 2005 |
| 5.03 | Jennifer Suhr | United States | 4.93 | 5.03 | 2013 |
| 5.01 | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 5.01 | 4.95 | 2021 |
| 5.00 | Sandi Morris | United States | 5.00 | 4.95 | 2016 |
Milestones
This is a list of the first time a milestone mark was cleared.[66]
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 ft (3.96 m) | Robert Gardner | United States | 1 June 1912 |
| 4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Marc Wright | United States | 8 June 1912 |
| 14 ft (4.27 m) | Sabin Carr | United States | 27 May 1927 |
| 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) | William Sefton[67] | United States | 29 May 1937 |
| 15 ft (4.57 m) | Cornelius "Dutch" Warmerdam | United States | 13 April 1940 |
| 16 ft (4.88 m) | John Uelses | United States | 31 March 1962 |
| 5 m (16 ft 5 in) | Brian Sternberg | United States | 27 April 1963 |
| 17 ft (5.18 m) | John Pennel | United States | 24 August 1963 |
| 18 ft (5.49 m) | Christos Papanikolaou | Greece | 24 October 1970 |
| 5.5 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in) | Kjell Isaksson | Sweden | 8 April 1972 |
| 19 ft (5.79 m) | Thierry Vigneron | France | 20 June 1981 |
| 6 m (19 ft 8 in) | Sergey Bubka | Soviet Union | 13 July 1985 |
| 20 ft (6.10 m) | Sergey Bubka | Soviet Union | 16 March 1991 (indoors) 5 August 1991 (outdoors) |
This is a list of the first-time milestones for women.
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Zhang Chunzhen | China | 24 March 1991 |
| 14 ft (4.27 m) | Emma George[68] | Australia | 17 December 1995 |
| 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) | Emma George | Australia | 8 February 1997 |
| 15 ft (4.57 m) | Emma George[69] | Australia | 14 March 1998 |
| 16 ft (4.88 m) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia | 4 July 2004 |
| 5 m (16 ft 5 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 22 July 2005 |
Olympic medalists
Men
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
Women
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 Paris[A] | Sergey Bubka (URS) | Thierry Vigneron (FRA) | Vasiliy Bubka (URS) |
| 1987 Indianapolis | Sergey Bubka (URS) | Earl Bell (USA) | Thierry Vigneron (FRA) |
| 1989 Budapest | Radion Gataullin (URS) | Grigoriy Yegorov (URS) | Joe Dial (USA) |
| 1991 Seville | Sergey Bubka (URS) | Viktor Ryzhenkov (URS) | Ferenc Salbert (FRA) |
| 1993 Toronto | Radion Gataullin (RUS) | Grigoriy Yegorov (KAZ) | Jean Galfione (FRA) |
| 1995 Barcelona | Sergey Bubka (UKR) | Igor Potapovich (KAZ) | Okkert Brits (RSA) Andrei Tivontchik (GER) |
| 1997 Paris | Igor Potapovich (KAZ) | Lawrence Johnson (USA) | Maksim Tarasov (RUS) |
| 1999 Maebashi | Jean Galfione (FRA) | Jeff Hartwig (USA) | Danny Ecker (GER) |
| 2001 Lisbon | Lawrence Johnson (USA) | Tye Harvey (USA) | Romain Mesnil (FRA) |
| 2003 Birmingham | Tim Lobinger (GER) | Michael Stolle (GER) | Rens Blom (NED) |
| 2004 Budapest | Igor Pavlov (RUS) | Adam Ptáček (CZE) | Denys Yurchenko (UKR) |
| 2006 Moscow | Brad Walker (USA) | Alhaji Jeng (SWE) | Tim Lobinger (GER) |
| 2008 Valencia | Yevgeny Lukyanenko (RUS) | Brad Walker (USA) | Steve Hooker (AUS) |
| 2010 Doha | Steve Hooker (AUS) | Malte Mohr (GER) | Alexander Straub (GER) |
| 2012 Istanbul | Renaud Lavillenie (FRA) | Björn Otto (GER) | Brad Walker (USA) |
| 2014 Sopot | Konstadinos Filippidis (GRE) | pole, vault, this, article, about, sport, cold, communications, system, pole, vault, communications, system, also, known, pole, jumping, track, field, event, which, athlete, uses, long, flexible, pole, usually, made, from, fiberglass, carbon, fiber, jump, over. This article is about the sport For the Cold War era communications system see Pole Vault communications system Pole vaulting also known as pole jumping is a track and field event in which an athlete uses a long and flexible pole usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber as an aid to jump over a bar Pole jumping competitions were known to the Mycenaean Greeks Minoan Greeks and Celts citation needed It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and since 2000 for women AthleticsPole vaultVaulting phases of world record holder Armand DuplantisWorld recordsMenArmand Duplantis 6 22 m 20 ft 4 3 4 in i 2023 WomenYelena Isinbayeva 5 06 m 16 ft 7 in 2009 Olympic recordsMenThiago Braz 6 03 m 19 ft 9 1 4 in 2016 WomenYelena Isinbayeva 5 05 m 16 ft 6 3 4 in 2008 World Championship recordsMenArmand Duplantis 6 21 m 20 ft 4 1 4 in 2022 WomenYelena Isinbayeva 5 01 m 16 ft 5 in 2005 It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in athletics alongside the high jump long jump and triple jump It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate even at a basic level A number of elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds in gymnastics including world record breakers Yelena Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg reflecting the similar physical attributes required for the sports 1 2 Running speed however may be the most dominant factor Physical attributes such as speed agility and strength are essential to pole vaulting effectively but technical skill is an equally if not more important element The object of pole vaulting is to clear a bar or crossbar supported upon two uprights standards without knocking it down Contents 1 History 2 Modern vaulting 3 Technology 4 Technique 4 1 Approach 4 2 Plant and take off 4 3 Swing up 4 4 Extension 4 5 Turn 4 6 Fly away 5 Terminology 6 All time top 25 6 1 Men outdoor 6 2 Women outdoor 6 3 Men indoor 6 4 Women indoor 7 Six metres club 8 Five metres club 9 Milestones 10 Olympic medalists 10 1 Men 10 2 Women 11 World Championships medalists 11 1 Men 11 2 Women 12 World Indoor Championships medalists 12 1 Men 12 2 Women 13 Season s bests 13 1 Men 13 2 Women 14 See also 15 Notes and references 16 External linksHistory Edit Pole vault in the 1890s at US Naval Academy Traditional fierljeppen in the Netherlands using poles to clear horizontal distances over rivers Poles were used as a practical means of passing over natural obstacles in marshy places such as the province of Friesland in the Netherlands along the North Sea and the great level of the Fens in England across Cambridgeshire Huntingdonshire Lincolnshire and Norfolk Artificial draining of these marshes created a network of open drains or canals intersecting each other To cross these without getting soaked while avoiding tedious roundabout journeys over bridges a stack of jumping poles was kept at every house and used for vaulting over the canals citation needed Distance pole vaulting competitions continue to be held annually in the lowlands around the North Sea These far jumping competitions Frisian Fierljeppen are not based on height 3 In his book The Mechanics of the Pole Vault Richard Ganslen reports that the London Gymnastic Society under Professor Voelker held measured pole vaulting events in 1826 involving 1 300 participants and recording heights up to 10 ft 10 in 3 3 m 4 Other early pole vaulting competitions where height was measured took place at the Ulverston Football and Cricket Club Lancashire north of the sands now Cumbria in 1843 5 Modern competition began around 1850 in Germany when pole vaulting was added to the exercises of the Turner gymnastic clubs by Johann C F GutsMuths and Friedrich L Jahn In Great Britain it was first practiced at the Caledonian Games Initially vaulting poles were made from stiff materials such as bamboo or aluminum 6 The introduction of flexible vaulting poles in the early 1950s made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve greater height 7 Pole vaulter Allison Stokke prepares for her jump In 2000 IAAF rule 260 18a formerly 260 6a was amended so that world records as opposed to indoor world records can be set in a facility with or without roof This rule was not applied retroactively 8 With many indoor facilities not conforming to outdoor track specifications for size and flatness the pole vault was the only world record set indoors until 2022 Modern vaulting EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Today athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field Because the high jump and pole vault are both vertical jumps the competitions are conducted similarly Each athlete can choose at what height they would like to enter the competition Once they enter they have three attempts to clear the height If a height is cleared the vaulter advances to the next height where they will have three more attempts Once the vaulter has three consecutive misses they are out of the competition and the highest height they cleared is their result A no height often denoted NH refers to the failure of a vaulter to clear any bar during the competition Once the vaulter enters the competition they can choose to pass heights If a vaulter achieves a miss on their first attempt at a height they can pass to the next height but they will only have two attempts at that height as they will be out once they achieve three consecutive misses Similarly after earning two misses at a height they could pass to the next height when they would have only one attempt An athlete passes the bar with the aid of a pole The competitor who clears the highest height is the winner If two or more vaulters have finished with the same height the tie is broken by the number of misses at the final height If the tied vaulters have the same number of misses at the last height cleared the tie is broken by the total number of misses in the competition If there is still a tie for first place a jump off occurs to break the tie Marks achieved in this type of jump off are considered valid and count for any purpose that a mark achieved in a normal competition would If a tie in the other places still exists a jump off is not normally conducted unless the competition is a qualifying meet and the tie exists in the final qualifying spot In this case an administrative jump off is conducted to break the tie but the marks are not considered valid for any other purpose than breaking the tie A jump off is a sudden death competition in which the tied vaulters attempt the same height starting with the last attempted height If both vaulters miss the bar goes down by a small increment and if both clear the bar goes up by a small increment A jump off ends when one vaulter clears and the other misses Each vaulter gets one attempt at each height until one makes and one misses The equipment and rules for pole vaulting are similar to the high jump Unlike high jump however the athlete in the vault has the ability to select the horizontal position of the bar before each jump and can place it a distance beyond the back of the box the metal pit that the pole is placed into immediately before takeoff The range of distance the vaulter may place the standards varies depending on the level of competition Painting by former athlete Raffaello Ducceschi depicting the pole vault If the pole used by the athlete dislodges the bar from the uprights a foul attempt is ruled even if the athlete has cleared the height An athlete does not benefit from quickly leaving the landing pad before the bar has fallen The exception to this rule if the vaulter is vaulting outdoors and has made a clear effort to throw the pole back but the wind has blown the pole into the bar this counts as a clearance This call is made at the discretion of the pole vault official If the pole breaks during the execution of a vault it is considered an equipment failure and is ruled a non jump neither a make nor a miss Other types of equipment failure include the standards slipping down or the wind dislodging the bar when no contact was made by the vaulter Each athlete has a set amount of time in which to make an attempt The amount of time varies by level of competition and the number of vaulters remaining If the vaulter fails to begin an attempt within this time the vaulter is charged with a time foul and the attempt is a miss Poles are manufactured with ratings corresponding to the vaulter s maximum weight As a safety precaution some organizations forbid use of poles rated below the vaulter s weight The recommended weight roughly corresponds to a flex rating that is determined by the manufacturer by applying a standardized amount of stress most commonly a 50 lb 23 kg weight on the pole and measuring how much the center of the pole is displaced Therefore two poles rated at the same weight are not necessarily the same stiffness Pole stiffness and length are important factors to a vaulter s performance Therefore it is not uncommon for an elite vaulter to carry as many as ten poles to a competition The effective length of a pole can be changed by gripping the pole higher or lower in relation to the top of the pole The left and right handgrips are typically a bit more than shoulder width apart Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels and body sizes with lengths between 3 05 m 10 ft 0 in and 5 30 m 17 ft 5 in and a wide range of weight ratings Each manufacturer determines the weight rating for the pole and the location of the maximum handhold band Speed is an essential element to high jumps The horizontal kinetic energy produced by the run E k 1 2 m v 2 displaystyle E k frac 1 2 mv 2 is converted to vertical propulsion E p m g h displaystyle E p mgh Assuming no loss of energy E k E p displaystyle E k E p this means that h v 2 2 g displaystyle h frac v 2 2g Technology EditCompetitive pole vaulting began using solid ash poles As the heights attained increased bamboo poles gave way to tubular aluminum 9 which was tapered at each end Today s pole vaulters benefit from poles produced by wrapping pre cut sheets of fiberglass that contains resin around a metal pole mandrel to produce a slightly curved pole that bends more easily under the compression caused by an athlete s take off The shape of the fiberglass sheets and the amount of fiberglass used is carefully planned to provide the desired length and stiffness of pole Different fiber types including carbon fiber are used to give poles specific characteristics intended to promote higher jumps In recent years carbon fiber has been added to the commonly used E glass E for initial electrical use and S glass S for solid materials to create a lighter pole As in the high jump the landing area was originally a heap of sawdust or sand where athletes landed on their feet As technology enabled higher vaults mats evolved into bags of large chunks of foam Today s mats are foam usually 1 1 5 meters 3 ft 3 in 4 ft 11 in thick They are usually built up with two cross laid square section logs with gaps between them topped by a solid layer of foam of the same thickness This lattice construction is wrapped in a close fitting cover topped with nylon mesh which allows some air to escape thus combining both foam and a measure of air cushioning The final layer is a large mat of mesh covered foam which is clipped around the edges of the complete pit and prevents the athlete from falling between the individual bags Mats are growing larger in area as well to minimize risk of injury Proper landing technique is on the back or shoulders Landing on the feet should be avoided to eliminate the risk of injury to the lower extremities particularly ankle sprains Rule changes over the years have resulted in larger landing areas and additional padding of all hard and unyielding surfaces The pole vault crossbar has evolved from a triangular aluminum bar to a round fiberglass bar with rubber ends This is balanced on standards and can be knocked off when it is hit by a pole vaulter or the pole Rule changes have led to shorter pegs and crossbar ends that are semi circular Technique EditPhases of pole vaulting Theo Mancheron competes in the men s decathlon pole vault final during the French Athletics Championships 2013 at Stade Charlety in Paris 13 July 2013 Although many techniques are used by vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar the generally accepted technical model can be broken down into several phases Approach Edit During the approach the pole vaulter sprints down the runway in such a way as to achieve maximum speed and correct position to initiate takeoff at the end of the approach Top class vaulters use approaches with 18 to 22 strides often referred to as a step in which every other foot is counted as one step The run up to the vaulting pit begins forcefully with the vaulter running powerfully in a relaxed upright position with knees lifted and torso leaning very slightly forward The head shoulders and hips are aligned the vaulter increasing speed as the body becomes erect The tip of the vaulting pole is angled higher than eye level until three paces from takeoff when the pole tip descends efficiently amplifying run speed as the pole is planted into the vault box The faster the vaulter can run and the more efficient their take off is the greater the kinetic energy that can be achieved and used during the vault Plant and take off Edit The plant and take off is initiated typically three steps out from the final step Vaulters will usually count their steps backwards from their starting point to the box only counting the steps taken on the left foot vice versa for left handers except for the second step from the box which is taken by the right foot For example a vaulter on a ten count referring to the number of counted steps from the starting point to the box would count backwards from ten only counting the steps taken with the left foot until the last three steps taken and both feet are counted as three two one These last three steps are normally quicker than the previous strides and are referred to as the turn over The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground The plant starts with the vaulter raising their arms up from around the hips or mid torso until they are fully outstretched above the head with the right arm extended directly above the head and the left arm extended perpendicular to the pole vice versa for left handed vaulters At the same time the vaulter is dropping the pole tip into the box On the final step the vaulter jumps off the trail leg which should always remain straight and then drives the front knee forward As the pole slides into the back of the box the pole begins to bend and the vaulter continues up and forward leaving the trail leg angled down and behind Swing up Edit The swing and row simply consists of the vaulter swinging the trail leg forward and rowing the pole bringing the top arm down to the hips while trying to keep the trail leg straight to store more potential energy into the pole the rowing motion also keeps the pole bent for a longer period of time for the vaulter to get into optimum position Once in a U shape the left arm hugs the pole tight to efficiently use the recoil within the pole The goal is to carry out these motions as thoroughly and as quickly as possible it is a race against the unbending of the pole Effectively this causes a double pendulum motion with the top of the pole moving forward and pivoting from the box while the vaulter acts as a second pendulum pivoting from the right hand This action gives the vaulter the best position possible to be ejected off the pole The swing continues until the hips are above the head and the arms are pulling the pole close to the chest from there the vaulter shoots their legs up over the cross bar while keeping the pole close 10 11 Extension Edit The extension refers to the extension of the hips upward with outstretched legs as the shoulders drive down causing the vaulter to be positioned upside down This position is often referred to as inversion While this phase is executed the pole begins to recoil propelling the vaulter quickly upward The hands of the vaulter remain close to the body as they move from the shins back to the region around the hips and upper torso Turn Edit The turn is executed immediately after or even during the end of the rockback As the name implies the vaulter turns 180 toward the pole while extending the arms down past the head and shoulders Typically the vaulter will begin to angle their body toward the bar as the turn is executed although ideally the vaulter will remain as vertical as possible A more accurate description of this phase of the vault may be the spin because the vaulter spins around an imaginary axis from head to toe Fly away Edit This is often highly emphasized by spectators and novice vaulters but it is the easiest phase of the vault and is a result of proper execution of previous phases This phase mainly consists of the vaulter pushing off the pole and releasing it so it falls away from the bar and mats As the torso goes over and around the bar the vaulter is facing the bar Rotation of the body over the bar occurs naturally and the vaulter s main concern is making sure that their arms face and any other appendages do not knock the bar off as they go over The vaulter should land near the middle of the foam landing mats or pits face up Terminology EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Bar The cross bar that is suspended above the ground by the standards Box A trapezoidal indentation in the ground with a metal or fiberglass covering at the end of the runway in which vaulters plant their pole The back wall of the box is nearly vertical and is approximately 8 inches 20 cm in depth The bottom of the box gradually slopes upward approximately 3 feet 90 cm until it is level with the runway The covering in the box ensures the pole will slide to the back of the box without catching on anything The covering s lip overlaps onto the runway and ensures a smooth transition from all weather surface so a pole being planted does not catch on the box Drive knee During the plant phase the knee is driven forward at the time of takeoff to help propel the vaulter upward Grip The location of the vaulter s top hand on the pole As the vaulter improves their grip may move up the pole incrementally The other hand is typically placed shoulder width down from the top hand Hands are not allowed to grip the very top of the pole their hand perpendicular to the pole for safety reasons Jump foot The foot that the vaulter uses to leave the ground as they begin their vault It is also referred to as the take off foot Pit The mats used for landing in pole vault Plant position The position a vaulter is in the moment the pole reaches the back of the box and the vaulter begins their vault Their arms are fully extended and their drive knee begins to come up as they jump Pole The fiberglass equipment used to propel the vaulter up and over the bar One side is stiffer than the other to facilitate the bending of the pole after the plant A vaulter may rest the pole on their arm to determine which side is the stiff side Standards The equipment that holds the bar at a particular height above the ground Standards may be adjusted to raise and lower the bar and also to adjust the horizontal position of the bar Steps Since the box is in a fixed position vaulters must adjust their approach to ensure they are in the correct position when attempting to vault Swing leg or trail leg The swing leg is also the jump foot After a vaulter has left the ground the leg that was last touching the ground stays extended and swings forward to help propel the vaulter upwards Volzing A method of holding or pushing the bar back onto the pegs while jumping over a height This takes considerable skill although it is now against the rules and counted as a miss The technique is named after U S Olympian Dave Volz who made an art form of the practice and surprised many by making the U S Olympic team in 1992 All time top 25 EditSee also Men s pole vault world record progression Women s pole vault world record progression and Men s pole vault indoor world record progression As of February 2023 update 12 13 14 15 Men outdoor Edit Ath Perf Mark Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 6 21 m 20 ft 4 1 4 in Armand Duplantis Sweden 24 JUL 2022 Eugene2 6 16 m 20 ft 2 1 2 in Duplantis 2 30 JUN 2022 Stockholm 16 3 6 15 m 20 ft 2 in Duplantis 3 17 SEP 2020 Rome2 4 6 14 m 20 ft 1 1 2 in A Sergey Bubka Ukraine 31 JUL 1994 Sestriere5 6 13 m 20 ft 1 1 4 in Bubka 2 19 SEP 1992 Tokyo6 6 12 m 20 ft 3 4 in Bubka 3 30 AUG 1992 Padua7 6 11 m 20 ft 1 2 in Bubka 4 13 JUN 1992 Dijon8 6 10 m 20 ft 0 in Bubka 5 05 AUG 1991 MalmoDuplantis 4 06 JUN 2021 HengeloDuplantis 5 06 AUG 2022 Chorzow 17 Duplantis 6 25 AUG 2022 Lausanne 18 12 6 09 m 19 ft 11 3 4 in Bubka 6 08 JUL 1991 Formia13 6 08 m 19 ft 11 1 4 in Bubka 7 09 JUN 1991 Moscow14 6 07 m 19 ft 10 3 4 in Bubka 8 06 MAY 1991 ShizuokaDuplantis 7 02 SEP 2020 LausanneDuplantis 8 08 SEP 2022 Zurich 19 17 6 06 m 19 ft 10 1 2 in Bubka 9 10 JUL 1988 Nice3 17 6 06 m 19 ft 10 1 2 in Sam Kendricks United States 27 JUL 2019 Des Moines 20 17 6 06 m 19 ft 10 1 2 in Duplantis 9 09 SEP 2021 Zurich 21 Duplantis 10 24 JUL 2022 EugeneDuplantis 11 20 AUG 2022 Munich 22 22 6 05 m 19 ft 10 in Bubka 10 09 JUN 1988 BratislavaBubka 11 10 SEP 1993 LondonBubka 12 30 AUG 1994 BerlinBubka 13 13 SEP 1997 Fukuoka4 22 6 05 m 19 ft 10 in Maksim Tarasov Russia 16 JUN 1999 AthensDmitri Markov Australia 09 AUG 2001 EdmontonRenaud Lavillenie France 30 MAY 2015 Eugene22 6 05 m 19 ft 10 in Duplantis 12 12 AUG 2018 BerlinDuplantis 13 03 SEP 2021 Brussels 23 7 6 04 m 19 ft 9 3 4 in Brad Walker United States 08 JUN 2008 Eugene8 6 03 m 19 ft 9 1 4 in Okkert Brits South Africa 18 AUG 1995 CologneJeff Hartwig United States 14 JUN 2000 JonesboroThiago Braz Brazil 15 AUG 2016 Rio de Janeiro 24 11 6 02 m 19 ft 9 in Piotr Lisek Poland 12 JUL 2019 Monaco 25 12 6 01 m 19 ft 8 1 2 in Igor Trandenkov Russia 03 JUL 1996 St PetersburgTimothy Mack United States 18 SEP 2004 MonacoYevgeny Lukyanenko Russia 01 JUL 2008 BydgoszczBjorn Otto Germany 05 SEP 2012 Aachen16 6 00 m 19 ft 8 in Radion Gataullin Soviet Union 16 SEP 1989 TokyoTim Lobinger Germany 24 AUG 1997 CologneToby Stevenson United States 08 MAY 2004 ModestoPaul Burgess Australia 26 FEB 2005 PerthSteve Hooker Australia 27 JAN 2008 PerthTimur Morgunov Authorised Neutral Athletes 12 AUG 2018 Berlin 26 Chris Nilsen United States 06 MAY 2022 Sioux Falls 27 23 5 98 m 19 ft 7 1 4 in Lawrence Johnson United States 25 MAY 1996 KnoxvilleJean Galfione France 23 JUL 1999 Amiens25 5 97 m 19 ft 7 in Scott Huffman United States 18 JUN 1994 KnoxvilleWomen outdoor Edit Ath Perf Mark Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 5 06 m 16 ft 7 in Yelena Isinbayeva Russia 28 AUG 2009 Zurich2 5 05 m 16 ft 6 3 4 in Isinbayeva 2 18 AUG 2008 Beijing3 5 04 m 16 ft 6 1 4 in Isinbayeva 3 29 JUL 2008 Monaco4 5 03 m 16 ft 6 in Isinbayeva 4 11 JUL 2008 Rome5 5 01 m 16 ft 5 in Isinbayeva 5 12 AUG 2005 Helsinki2 5 5 01 m 16 ft 5 in Anzhelika Sidorova Authorised Neutral Athletes 09 SEP 2021 Zurich 28 7 5 00 m 16 ft 4 3 4 in Isinbayeva 6 22 JUL 2005 London3 7 5 00 m 16 ft 4 3 4 in Sandi Morris United States 09 SEP 2016 Brussels 29 9 4 96 m 16 ft 3 1 4 in Isinbayeva 7 22 JUL 2005 London10 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Isinbayeva 8 16 JUL 2005 MadridMorris 2 27 JUL 2018 GreenvilleSidorova 2 29 SEP 2019 Doha 30 4 10 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Katie Nageotte United States 26 JUN 2021 Eugene5 14 4 94 m 16 ft 2 1 4 in Eliza McCartney New Zealand 17 JUL 2018 Jockgrim 31 15 4 93 m 16 ft 2 in Isinbayeva 9 05 JUL 2005 LausanneIsinbayeva 10 26 AUG 2005 BrusselsIsinbayeva 11 25 JUL 2008 LondonMorris 3 23 JUL 2016 Houston6 15 4 93 m 16 ft 2 in Jennifer Suhr United States 14 APR 2018 Austin15 4 93 m 16 ft 2 in Nageotte 2 23 MAY 2021 Marietta21 4 92 m 16 ft 1 1 2 in Isinbayeva 12 03 SEP 2004 BrusselsSuhr 2 06 JUL 2008 EugeneMcCartney 2 23 JUN 2018 MannheimNageotte 3 01 AUG 2020 Marietta25 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in Isinbayeva 13 24 AUG 2004 AthensIsinbayeva 14 28 JUL 2006 LondonIsinbayeva 15 06 JUL 2007 Saint DenisSuhr 3 26 JUL 2011 RochesterSuhr 4 14 JUN 2013 Lyndonville7 25 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in Yarisley Silva Cuba 02 AUG 2015 BeckumKaterina Stefanidi Greece 06 AUG 2017 London 32 25 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in Suhr 5 30 MAR 2019 AustinSidorova 3 10 JUN 2021 FlorenceSidorova 4 02 AUG 2022 Cheboksary9 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Holly Bradshaw Great Britain 26 JUN 2021 Manchester10 4 88 m 16 ft 0 in Svetlana Feofanova Russia 04 JUL 2004 Herakleion11 4 87 m 15 ft 11 1 2 in Fabiana Murer Brazil 03 JUL 2016 Sao Bernardo do Campo 33 12 4 85 m 15 ft 10 3 4 in Wilma Murto Finland 17 AUG 2022 Munich 34 13 4 83 m 15 ft 10 in Stacy Dragila United States 08 JUN 2004 OstravaAnna Rogowska Poland 26 AUG 2005 BrusselsNikoleta Kyriakopoulou Greece 04 JUL 2015 Paris 35 Michaela Meijer Sweden 01 AUG 2020 Norrkoping 36 17 4 82 m 15 ft 9 3 4 in Monika Pyrek Poland 22 SEP 2007 StuttgartSilke Spiegelburg Germany 20 JUL 2012 MonacoAlysha Newman Canada 24 AUG 2019 Paris 37 Nina Kennedy Australia 13 MAR 2021 Sydney 38 21 4 81 m 15 ft 9 1 4 in Alana Boyd Australia 12 JUN 2008 Ostrava 39 22 4 80 m 15 ft 8 3 4 in Martina Strutz Germany 30 AUG 2011 DaeguAngelica Bengtsson Sweden 29 SEP 2019 Doha24 4 78 m 15 ft 8 in Tatyana Polnova Russia 19 SEP 2004 MonacoNicole Buchler Switzerland 06 MAY 2016 DohaMen indoor Edit Ath Perf Mark Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 6 22 m 20 ft 4 3 4 in Armand Duplantis Sweden 25 FEB 2023 Clermont Ferrand 40 2 6 20 m 20 ft 4 in Duplantis 2 20 MAR 2022 Belgrade 41 3 6 19 m 20 ft 3 1 2 in Duplantis 3 07 MAR 2022 Belgrade 42 4 6 18 m 20 ft 3 1 4 in Duplantis 4 15 FEB 2020 Glasgow5 6 17 m 20 ft 2 3 4 in Duplantis 5 08 FEB 2020 Torun2 6 6 16 m 20 ft 2 1 2 in Renaud Lavillenie France 15 FEB 2014 Donetsk 43 3 7 6 15 m 20 ft 2 in Sergey Bubka Ukraine 21 FEB 1993 Donetsk8 6 14 m 20 ft 1 1 2 in Bubka 2 13 FEB 1993 Lievin9 6 13 m 20 ft 1 1 4 in Bubka 3 21 FEB 1992 Berlin10 6 12 m 20 ft 3 4 in Bubka 4 23 MAR 1991 Grenoble11 6 11 m 20 ft 1 2 in Bubka 5 19 MAR 1991 Donetsk12 6 10 m 20 ft 0 in Bubka 6 15 MAR 1991 San SebastianDuplantis 6 24 FEB 2021 BelgradeDuplantis 7 02 FEB 2023 Uppsala 44 15 6 08 m 19 ft 11 1 4 in Bubka 7 09 FEB 1991 VolgogradLavillenie 2 31 JAN 2014 Bydgoszcz17 6 07 m 19 ft 10 3 4 in Duplantis 8 19 FEB 2020 Lievin4 18 6 06 m 19 ft 10 1 2 in Steve Hooker Australia 07 FEB 2009 Boston18 6 06 m 19 ft 10 1 2 in Lavillenie 3 27 FEB 2021 AubiereDuplantis 9 10 FEB 2023 Berlin 45 21 6 05 m 19 ft 10 in Bubka 8 17 MAR 1990 DonetskBubka 9 05 MAR 1993 BerlinBubka 10 06 FEB 1994 GrenobleDuplantis 10 07 MAR 2021 TorunDuplantis 11 19 FEB 2022 Birmingham 46 5 21 6 05 m 19 ft 10 in Chris Nilsen United States 05 MAR 2022 Rouen 47 48 6 6 02 m 19 ft 9 in Radion Gataullin Soviet Union 04 FEB 1989 GomelJeff Hartwig United States 10 MAR 2002 Sindelfingen8 6 01 m 19 ft 8 1 2 in Sam Kendricks United States 08 FEB 2020 Rouen9 6 00 m 19 ft 8 in Maksim Tarasov Russia 05 FEB 1999 BudapestJean Galfione France 06 MAR 1999 MaebashiDanny Ecker Germany 11 FEB 2001 Dortmund6 00 m 19 ft 8 in A Shawnacy Barber Canada 15 JAN 2016 Reno6 00 m 19 ft 8 in Piotr Lisek Poland 04 FEB 2017 PotsdamKC Lightfoot United States 13 FEB 2021 Lubbock 49 6 00 m 19 ft 8 in A Sondre Guttormsen Norway 10 MAR 2023 Albuquerque 50 16 5 96 m 19 ft 6 1 2 in Lawrence Johnson United States 03 MAR 2001 AtlantaMenno Vloon Netherlands 27 FEB 2021 Aubiere18 5 95 m 19 ft 6 1 4 in Tim Lobinger Germany 18 FEB 2000 ChemnitzThiago Braz Brazil 20 MAR 2022 Belgrade 51 20 5 94 m 19 ft 5 3 4 in Philippe Collet France 10 MAR 1990 Grenoble21 5 93 m 19 ft 5 1 4 in Billy Olson United States 08 FEB 1986 East RutherfordTye Harvey United States 03 MAR 2001 Atlanta23 5 92 m 19 ft 5 in Igor Potapovich Kazakhstan 19 FEB 1998 StockholmBjorn Otto Germany 18 FEB 2012 Potsdam25 5 91 m 19 ft 4 1 2 in Joe Dial United States 01 FEB 1986 ColumbiaViktor Ryzhenkov Soviet Union 15 MAR 1991 San SebastianTimur Morgunov Authorised Neutral Athletes 29 AUG 2018 ZurichErnest John Obiena Philippines 05 MAR 2022 Rouen 52 02 FEB 2023 Uppsala 53 Kurtis Marschall Australia 25 FEB 2023 Clermont Ferrand 40 5 91 m 19 ft 4 1 2 in A Zach Bradford United States 10 MAR 2023 Albuquerque 50 Women indoor Edit Ath Perf Mark Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 5 03 m 16 ft 6 in Jennifer Suhr United States 30 JAN 2016 Brockport 54 2 5 02 m 16 ft 5 1 2 in A Suhr 2 02 MAR 2013 Albuquerque2 3 5 01 m 16 ft 5 in Yelena Isinbayeva Russia 23 FEB 2012 Stockholm4 5 00 m 16 ft 4 3 4 in Isinbayeva 2 15 FEB 2009 Donetsk5 4 97 m 16 ft 3 1 2 in Isinbayeva 3 15 FEB 2009 Donetsk6 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Isinbayeva 4 16 FEB 2008 Donetsk3 6 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Sandi Morris United States 12 MAR 2016 Portland6 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Morris 2 03 MAR 2018 Birmingham3 6 4 95 m 16 ft 2 3 4 in Anzhelika Sidorova Authorised Neutral Athletes 29 FEB 2020 Moscow 55 5 10 4 94 m 16 ft 2 1 4 in Katie Nageotte United States 11 JUN 2021 Marietta11 4 93 m 16 ft 2 in Isinbayeva 5 10 FEB 2007 Donetsk12 4 92 m 16 ft 1 1 2 in Sidorova 2 25 FEB 2020 Moscow13 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in Isinbayeva 6 12 FEB 2006 DonetskSuhr 3 16 JAN 2016 Kent13 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in A Nageotte 2 18 FEB 2018 Albuquerque13 4 91 m 16 ft 1 1 4 in Sidorova 3 08 FEB 2019 MadridMorris 3 08 FEB 2020 New York City18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Isinbayeva 7 06 MAR 2005 MadridIsinbayeva 8 26 FEB 2009 Prague6 18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Katerina Stefanidi Greece 20 FEB 2016 New York City 56 Demi Payne United States 20 FEB 2016 New York City 56 18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Suhr 4 12 MAR 2016 PortlandSuhr 5 17 MAR 2016 Portland18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in A Morris 4 12 JAN 2018 Reno18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Sidorova 4 03 MAR 2018 Birmingham18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in A Morris 5 15 FEB 2020 Albuquerque18 4 90 m 16 ft 3 4 in Sidorova 5 21 FEB 2021 Moscow8 4 87 m 15 ft 11 1 2 in Holly Bradshaw Great Britain 20 JAN 2012 Villeurbanne9 4 85 m 15 ft 10 3 4 in Svetlana Feofanova Russia 22 FEB 2004 PeaniaAnna Rogowska Poland 06 MAR 2011 Paris11 4 83 m 15 ft 10 in Fabiana Murer Brazil 07 FEB 2015 Nevers12 4 82 m 15 ft 9 3 4 in Yarisley Silva Cuba 24 APR 2013 Des MoinesAlysha Newman Canada 28 AUG 2019 Zurich 57 Tina Sutej Slovenia 02 FEB 2023 Ostrava 58 15 4 81 m 15 ft 9 1 4 in Stacy Dragila United States 06 MAR 2004 BudapestNikoleta Kyriakopoulou Greece 17 FEB 2016 StockholmAngelica Bengtsson Sweden 24 FEB 2019 Clermont Ferrand 59 Polina Knoroz Authorised Neutral Athletes 19 FEB 2022 Clermont Ferrand 60 19 4 80 m 15 ft 8 3 4 in Nicole Buchler Switzerland 17 MAR 2016 PortlandIryna Zhuk Belarus 17 FEB 2022 Lievin 61 Wilma Murto Finland 04 MAR 2023 Istanbul 62 22 4 78 m 15 ft 8 in Robeilys Peinado Venezuela 19 FEB 2020 Lievin 63 Olivia Gruver United States 07 FEB 2021 Fayetteville 64 24 4 77 m 15 ft 7 3 4 in Silke Spiegelburg Germany 15 JAN 2012 LeverkusenBridget Williams United States 04 FEB 2023 BostonSix metres club EditThe six metres club consists of pole vaulters who have reached at least 6 00 metres 65 In 1985 Sergey Bubka became the first pole vaulter to clear six metres Mark Athlete Nation Outdoors Indoors Year firstcleared6 metres6 22 Armand Duplantis Sweden 6 21 6 22 20186 16 Renaud Lavillenie France 6 05 6 16 20096 15 Sergey Bubka Soviet Union Ukraine 6 14 6 15 19856 06 Steve Hooker Australia 6 00 6 06 2008Sam Kendricks United States 6 06 6 01 20176 05 Maksim Tarasov Russia 6 05 6 00 1997Dmitri Markov Belarus Australia 6 05 5 85 1998Chris Nilsen United States 6 00 6 05 20226 04 Brad Walker United States 6 04 5 86 20066 03 Okkert Brits South Africa 6 03 5 90 1995Jeff Hartwig United States 6 03 6 02 1998Thiago Braz Brazil 6 03 5 95 20166 02 Radion Gataullin Soviet Union Russia 6 00 6 02 1989Piotr Lisek Poland 6 02 6 00 20176 01 Igor Trandenkov Russia 6 01 5 90 1996Timothy Mack United States 6 01 5 85 2004Yevgeny Lukyanenko Russia 6 01 5 90 2008Bjorn Otto Germany 6 01 5 92 20126 00 Tim Lobinger Germany 6 00 5 95 1997Jean Galfione France 5 98 6 00 1999Danny Ecker Germany 5 93 6 00 2001Toby Stevenson United States 6 00 5 81 2004Paul Burgess Australia 6 00 5 80 2005Shawnacy Barber Canada 5 93 6 00 2016Timur Morgunov Authorised Neutral Athletes 6 00 5 91 2018KC Lightfoot United States 5 82 6 00 2021Sondre Guttormsen Norway 5 86 6 00 2023Five metres club EditFour women have cleared 5 metres Yelena Isinbayeva was the first to clear 5 00 m 16 ft 4 3 4 in on 22 July 2005 On 2 March 2013 Jennifer Suhr cleared 5 02 m 16 ft 5 1 2 in indoors to become the second Sandi Morris cleared 5 00 meters on 9 September 2016 to become the third Anzhelika Sidorova cleared 5 01 m 16 ft 5 in at the Diamond League final in Zurich on 9 September 2021 Mark Athlete Nation Outdoors Indoors Year first cleared 5 metres5 06 Yelena Isinbayeva Russia 5 06 5 01 20055 03 Jennifer Suhr United States 4 93 5 03 20135 01 Anzhelika Sidorova Authorised Neutral Athletes 5 01 4 95 20215 00 Sandi Morris United States 5 00 4 95 2016Milestones EditThis is a list of the first time a milestone mark was cleared 66 Mark Athlete Nation Date13 ft 3 96 m Robert Gardner United States 1 June 19124 m 13 ft 1 1 2 in Marc Wright United States 8 June 191214 ft 4 27 m Sabin Carr United States 27 May 19274 5 m 14 ft 9 in William Sefton 67 United States 29 May 193715 ft 4 57 m Cornelius Dutch Warmerdam United States 13 April 194016 ft 4 88 m John Uelses United States 31 March 19625 m 16 ft 5 in Brian Sternberg United States 27 April 196317 ft 5 18 m John Pennel United States 24 August 196318 ft 5 49 m Christos Papanikolaou Greece 24 October 19705 5 m 18 ft 1 2 in Kjell Isaksson Sweden 8 April 197219 ft 5 79 m Thierry Vigneron France 20 June 19816 m 19 ft 8 in Sergey Bubka Soviet Union 13 July 198520 ft 6 10 m Sergey Bubka Soviet Union 16 March 1991 indoors 5 August 1991 outdoors This is a list of the first time milestones for women Mark Athlete Nation Date4 m 13 ft 1 1 2 in Zhang Chunzhen China 24 March 199114 ft 4 27 m Emma George 68 Australia 17 December 19954 5 m 14 ft 9 in Emma George Australia 8 February 199715 ft 4 57 m Emma George 69 Australia 14 March 199816 ft 4 88 m Svetlana Feofanova Russia 4 July 20045 m 16 ft 5 in Yelena Isinbayeva Russia 22 July 2005Olympic medalists EditMen Edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 1896 Athensdetails William Hoyt United States Albert Tyler United States Evangelos Damaskos GreeceIoannis Theodoropoulos Greece1900 Parisdetails Irving Baxter United States Meredith Colket United States Carl Albert Andersen Norway1904 St Louisdetails Charles Dvorak United States LeRoy Samse United States Louis Wilkins United States1908 Londondetails Edward Cook United States none awarded Edward Archibald CanadaClare Jacobs United StatesAlfred Gilbert United StatesBruno Soderstrom Sweden1912 Stockholmdetails Harry Babcock United States Frank Nelson United States William Halpenny CanadaFrank Murphy United StatesMarc Wright United StatesBertil Uggla Sweden1920 Antwerpdetails Frank Foss United States Henry Petersen Denmark Edwin Myers United States1924 Parisdetails Lee Barnes United States Glen Graham United States James Brooker United States1928 Amsterdamdetails Sabin Carr United States William Droegemueller United States Charles McGinnis United States1932 Los Angelesdetails Bill Miller United States Shuhei Nishida Japan George Jefferson United States1936 Berlindetails Earle Meadows United States Shuhei Nishida Japan Sueo Ōe Japan1948 Londondetails Guinn Smith United States Erkki Kataja Finland Bob Richards United States1952 Helsinkidetails Bob Richards United States Don Laz United States Ragnar Lundberg Sweden1956 Melbournedetails Bob Richards United States Bob Gutowski United States Georgios Roubanis Greece1960 Romedetails Don Bragg United States Ron Morris United States Eeles Landstrom Finland1964 Tokyodetails Fred Hansen United States Wolfgang Reinhardt United Team of Germany Klaus Lehnertz United Team of Germany1968 Mexico Citydetails Bob Seagren United States Claus Schiprowski West Germany Wolfgang Nordwig East Germany1972 Munichdetails Wolfgang Nordwig East Germany Bob Seagren United States Jan Johnson United States1976 Montrealdetails Tadeusz Slusarski Poland Antti Kalliomaki Finland David Roberts United States1980 Moscowdetails Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz Poland Tadeusz Slusarski Poland none awardedKonstantin Volkov Soviet Union1984 Los Angelesdetails Pierre Quinon France Mike Tully United States Earl Bell United StatesThierry Vigneron France1988 Seouldetails Sergey Bubka Soviet Union Radion Gataullin Soviet Union Grigoriy Yegorov Soviet Union1992 Barcelonadetails Maksim Tarasov Unified Team Igor Trandenkov Unified Team Javier Garcia Spain1996 Atlantadetails Jean Galfione France Igor Trandenkov Russia Andrei Tivontchik Germany2000 Sydneydetails Nick Hysong United States Lawrence Johnson United States Maksim Tarasov Russia2004 Athensdetails Timothy Mack United States Toby Stevenson United States Giuseppe Gibilisco Italy2008 Beijingdetails Steve Hooker Australia Yevgeny Lukyanenko Russia Derek Miles United States2012 Londondetails Renaud Lavillenie France Bjorn Otto Germany Raphael Holzdeppe Germany2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Thiago Braz Brazil Renaud Lavillenie France Sam Kendricks United States2020 Tokyodetails Armand Duplantis Sweden Chris Nilsen United States Thiago Braz Brazil2024 ParisdetailsWomen Edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 2000 Sydneydetails Stacy Dragila United States Tatiana Grigorieva Australia Vala Flosadottir Iceland2004 Athensdetails Yelena Isinbayeva Russia Svetlana Feofanova Russia Anna Rogowska Poland2008 Beijingdetails Yelena Isinbayeva Russia Jennifer Stuczynski United States Svetlana Feofanova Russia2012 Londondetails Jennifer Suhr United States Yarisley Silva Cuba Yelena Isinbayeva Russia2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Katerina Stefanidi Greece Sandi Morris United States Eliza McCartney New Zealand2020 Tokyodetails Katie Nageotte United States Anzhelika Sidorova ROC Holly Bradshaw Great Britain2024 ParisdetailsWorld Championships medalists EditMen Edit Championships Gold Silver Bronze1983 Helsinkidetails Sergey Bubka URS Konstantin Volkov URS Atanas Tarev BUL 1987 Romedetails Sergey Bubka URS Thierry Vigneron FRA Radion Gataullin URS 1991 Tokyodetails Sergey Bubka URS Istvan Bagyula HUN Maksim Tarasov URS 1993 Stuttgartdetails Sergey Bubka UKR Grigoriy Yegorov KAZ Maksim Tarasov RUS Igor Trandenkov RUS 1995 Gothenburgdetails Sergey Bubka UKR Maksim Tarasov RUS Jean Galfione FRA 1997 Athensdetails Sergey Bubka UKR Maksim Tarasov RUS Dean Starkey USA 1999 Sevilledetails Maksim Tarasov RUS Dmitri Markov AUS Aleksandr Averbukh ISR 2001 Edmontondetails Dmitri Markov AUS Aleksandr Averbukh ISR Nick Hysong USA 2003 Saint Denisdetails Giuseppe Gibilisco ITA Okkert Brits RSA Patrik Kristiansson SWE 2005 Helsinkidetails Rens Blom NED Brad Walker USA Pavel Gerasimov RUS 2007 Osakadetails Brad Walker USA Romain Mesnil FRA Danny Ecker GER 2009 Berlindetails Steve Hooker AUS Romain Mesnil FRA Renaud Lavillenie FRA 2011 Daegudetails Pawel Wojciechowski POL Lazaro Borges CUB Renaud Lavillenie FRA 2013 Moscowdetails Raphael Holzdeppe GER Renaud Lavillenie FRA Bjorn Otto GER 2015 Beijingdetails Shawnacy Barber CAN Raphael Holzdeppe GER Renaud Lavillenie FRA Pawel Wojciechowski POL Piotr Lisek POL 2017 Londondetails Sam Kendricks USA Piotr Lisek POL Renaud Lavillenie FRA 2019 Dohadetails Sam Kendricks USA Armand Duplantis SWE Piotr Lisek POL 2022 Eugenedetails Armand Duplantis SWE Christopher Nilsen USA Ernest John Obiena PHL Women Edit Championships Gold Silver Bronze1999 Sevilledetails Stacy Dragila USA Anzhela Balakhonova UKR Tatiana Grigorieva AUS 2001 Edmontondetails Stacy Dragila USA Svetlana Feofanova RUS Monika Pyrek POL 2003 Saint Denisdetails Svetlana Feofanova RUS Annika Becker GER Yelena Isinbayeva RUS 2005 Helsinkidetails Yelena Isinbayeva RUS Monika Pyrek POL Pavla Hamackova CZE 2007 Osakadetails Yelena Isinbayeva RUS Katerina Badurova CZE Svetlana Feofanova RUS 2009 Berlindetails Anna Rogowska POL Chelsea Johnson USA Monika Pyrek POL none awarded2011 Daegudetails Fabiana Murer BRA Martina Strutz GER Svetlana Feofanova RUS 2013 Moscowdetails Yelena Isinbayeva RUS Jenn Suhr USA Yarisley Silva CUB 2015 Beijingdetails Yarisley Silva CUB Fabiana Murer BRA Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou GRE 2017 Londondetails Ekaterini Stefanidi GRE Sandi Morris USA Robeilys Peinado VEN Yarisley Silva CUB 2019 Dohadetails Anzhelika Sidorova ANA Sandi Morris USA Katerina Stefanidi GRE 2022 Eugenedetails Katie Nageotte USA Sandi Morris USA Nina Kennedy AUS World Indoor Championships medalists EditMen Edit Games Gold Silver Bronze1985 Paris A details Sergey Bubka URS Thierry Vigneron FRA Vasiliy Bubka URS 1987 Indianapolisdetails Sergey Bubka URS Earl Bell USA Thierry Vigneron FRA 1989 Budapestdetails Radion Gataullin URS Grigoriy Yegorov URS Joe Dial USA 1991 Sevilledetails Sergey Bubka URS Viktor Ryzhenkov URS Ferenc Salbert FRA 1993 Torontodetails Radion Gataullin RUS Grigoriy Yegorov KAZ Jean Galfione FRA 1995 Barcelonadetails Sergey Bubka UKR Igor Potapovich KAZ Okkert Brits RSA Andrei Tivontchik GER 1997 Parisdetails Igor Potapovich KAZ Lawrence Johnson USA Maksim Tarasov RUS 1999 Maebashidetails Jean Galfione FRA Jeff Hartwig USA Danny Ecker GER 2001 Lisbondetails Lawrence Johnson USA Tye Harvey USA Romain Mesnil FRA 2003 Birminghamdetails Tim Lobinger GER Michael Stolle GER Rens Blom NED 2004 Budapestdetails Igor Pavlov RUS Adam Ptacek CZE Denys Yurchenko UKR 2006 Moscowdetails Brad Walker USA Alhaji Jeng SWE Tim Lobinger GER 2008 Valenciadetails Yevgeny Lukyanenko RUS Brad Walker USA Steve Hooker AUS 2010 Dohadetails Steve Hooker AUS Malte Mohr GER Alexander Straub GER 2012 Istanbuldetails Renaud Lavillenie FRA Bjorn Otto GER Brad Walker USA 2014 Sopotdetails Konstadinos Filippidis GRE span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library, article, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games. |