This article's lead sectionmay be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(October 2022)
There were also Church Fathers who wrote in languages other than Greek or Latin, such as Coptic, Syriac, Ge'ez, and Armenian, among others.[a] Historically, Chalcedonian Christians have had less interest in these authors since the associated churches ended up rejecting the councils of Chalcedon (becoming Oriental Orthodox), or Ephesus (becoming the Church of the East). Recently this has begun to change, with the cooling of tensions between these branches of Christianity and the Western and Byzantine ones. There are Eastern Catholics who follow Oriental rites while remaining in communion with Rome.
The terms neo-patristics and post-patristics refer to recent theologies according to which the Church Fathers must be reinterpreted or even critically tested in light of modern developments since their writings reflected that of a distant past. These theologies, however, are considered controversial or even dangerous by orthodox theologians.[7][8]
Patrology vs. patristics
Some scholars, chiefly in Germany, distinguish patrologia from patristica. Josef Fessler, for instance, defines patrologia as the science which provides all that is necessary for the using of the works of the Fathers, dealing, therefore, with their authority, the criteria for judging their genuineness, the difficulties to be met within them, and the rules for their use. But Fessler's own Institutiones Patrologiae has a larger range, as have similar works entitled Patrologies, for example, that of Otto Bardenhewer (tr. Shahan, Freiburg, 1908). Catholic writer Karl Keating argues that patrology is the study of the Early Fathers and their contemporaries as people, and the authenticity of the works attributed to them. Patristics, on the other hand, is the study of their thought.[9]
On the other hand, Fessler describes patristica as that theological science by which all that concerns faith, morals, or discipline in the writings of the Fathers is collected and sorted. The lives and works of the Fathers are also described by a non-specialized science: literary history. These distinctions are not much observed, nor do they seem very necessary; they are nothing else than aspects of patristic study as it forms part of fundamental theology, of positive theology, and of literary history.[citation needed]
^van Geest, Paul J. J. (2018). "Patrology/Patristics". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J. J.; Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (eds.). Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002583. ISSN 2589-7993.
^McGrath, Alister E. (1998). "Chapter 1 The Patristic Period, c. 100–451". Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN0-631-20843-7.
^Dr. Triantafyllos Sioulis, «Πατερικός φονταμενταλισμός» ή «μετα-πατερική θεολογική θολούρα» 2011-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
^Metropolitan of Nafpaktus ΝΕΟΠΑΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΑΠΑΤΕΡΙΚΗ "ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑ"
^Keating, Karl (1988). Catholicism and Fundamentalism: The Attack on "Romanism" by "Bible Christians". San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 330. ISBN9780898701951.
"Early Church Fathers: Additional Texts". The Tertullian Project.
"Large collection of patristic texts that outline the cardinal doctrines of the Catholic faith". cin.org.
J. P. Migne. "Patrologia Latina". and "Patrologia Graeca". free digital edition of almost all the texts.
. Faulkner University Patristics Project. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. English translations of patristic texts and high-resolution scans.
J. P. Migne (1864). Patrologiae cursus completus (in Latin).
"Free digital bilingual edition of patristic texts, studies, meditations, prayers" (in French, Latin, and Greek).
"A 38 volume set containing most of the major works of the first 800 years of Christian patristic writings".
. Archived from the original on 28 December 2005. Online collection of patristic texts, images, and information.
Others
"Search tool for Patrologia Graeca".
"Orthodox Patristics – The Study of Early Orthodox Christian Writers". orthodoxpatriustics.com.
"Roger Pearse: Thoughts on Antiquity and Patristics".
"Website of the North American Patristics Society".
. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007.
May 14, 2023
patristics, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, 2022,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Patristics news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article October 2022 Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers 1 The names derive from the combined forms of Latin pater and Greek patḗr father The period is generally considered to run from the end of New Testament times or end of the Apostolic Age c AD 100 to either AD 451 the date of the Council of Chalcedon 2 or to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 citation needed IrenaeusTertullianAugustine Volumes from Philip Schaff s The Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers Contents 1 Eras 2 Locations 3 Key theological developments 4 Key persons 5 Obstacles to 21st century understanding 6 Patrology vs patristics 7 Availability of patristic texts 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Sources 12 External linksEras EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Patristics news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Church Fathers are generally divided into the Ante Nicene Fathers those who lived and wrote before the Council of Nicaea 325 and the Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers those who lived and wrote after 325 Also the division of the Fathers into Greek and Latin writers is also common Some of the most prominent Greek Fathers are Justin Martyr Athanasius of Alexandria Basil of Caesarea Gregory of Nazianzus John Chrysostom Cyril of Alexandria and Maximus the Confessor Among the Latin Fathers are Tertullian Cyprian Jerome Ambrose of Milan Augustine of Hippo and Gregory the Great citation needed There were also Church Fathers who wrote in languages other than Greek or Latin such as Coptic Syriac Ge ez and Armenian among others a Historically Chalcedonian Christians have had less interest in these authors since the associated churches ended up rejecting the councils of Chalcedon becoming Oriental Orthodox or Ephesus becoming the Church of the East Recently this has begun to change with the cooling of tensions between these branches of Christianity and the Western and Byzantine ones There are Eastern Catholics who follow Oriental rites while remaining in communion with Rome Locations EditSee also Early centers of Christianity and Pentarchy The major locations of the early Church fathers were Rome Constantinople Alexandria Antioch and the area of western north Africa around Carthage Milan and Jerusalem were also sites 3 Key theological developments EditMajor focuses for these theologians during the period are in chronological order Christianity s relationship with Judaism the establishment of the New Testament canon apologetics the defense or explanation of Christianity and doctrinal discussions that sought to achieve consistency of faith in particular within the Christianised Roman Empire 4 Following the scholar of Christianity Alister McGrath 1998 several major areas of theology can be seen to have developed during the Patristic Period the extent of the New Testament canon the role of tradition the fixing of the ecumenical creeds the two natures of Christ the doctrine of the Trinity the doctrine of the Church and the doctrine of divine grace 5 Key persons EditMain article List of Church Fathers This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Patristics news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Clement of Rome c 35 c 101 Greek Ignatius of Antioch c 35 c 108 Greek Aristides the Athenian d 140 Greek Polycarp of Smyrna c 69 c 155 Greek Justin Martyr c 100 c 165 Greek Tatian the Assyrian c 120 c 180 Greek Melito of Sardis d 180 Greek Theophilus of Antioch d 184 Greek Athenagoras c 133 c 190 Greek Irenaeus of Lyons c 120 c 202 Greek Clement of Alexandria c 150 c 215 Greek Tertullian c 160 c 225 Latin African Hippolytus of Rome c 170 c 235 Greek Julius Africanus c 160 c 240 Greek African Origen c 185 c 254 Greek Marcus Minucius Felix d 250 Latin Cyprian of Carthage d 258 Latin African Pontius of Carthage d 259 Latin African Dionysius of Alexandria d 264 Greek Dionysius of Rome c 200 c 268 Greek Gregory Thaumaturgus c 213 c 270 Greek Anatolius of Laodicea d 283 Greek Victorinus of Pettau d 304 Greek Pamphilus of Caesarea d 309 Greek Methodius of Olympus died c 311 Greek Lactantius c 250 c 325 Latin African Alexander of Alexandria d 328 Greek Arnobius of Sicca d 330 Latin African Eusebius of Caesarea c 260 c 340 Greek Eusebius of Nicomedia d 342 Greek Aphrahat c 280 c 345 Syriac Pachomius the Great c 292 c 348 Coptic Anthony the Great c 251 c 356 Coptic Hosius of Corduba c 256 c 357 Latin Eusebius of Emesa c 300 c 360 Greek Eustathius of Antioch d 360 Greek Potamius d 360 Latin Hilary of Poitiers c 310 c 368 Latin Eusebius of Vercelli c 283 c 371 Latin Lucifer of Cagliari d 371 Latin Athanasius c 296 c 373 Greek Coptic Ephrem the Syrian c 306 c 373 Syriac Marcellus of Ancyra d 374 Greek Basil of Caesarea c 330 379 Greek Zeno of Verona c 300 c 380 Latin African Apollinaris of Laodicea d 382 Greek Ambrosiaster d 384 Latin Cyril of Jerusalem c 313 c 386 Greek Gregory of Nazianzus c 329 c 389 Greek Ticonius d 390 Latin African Nemesius d 390 Greek Diodorus of Tarsus d 390 Greek Pacian c 310 c 391 Latin Gregory of Elvira d 392 Latin Phoebadius of Agen d 392 Latin Gregory of Nyssa c 330 c 395 Greek Martin of Tours c 313 c 397 Latin Ambrose of Milan c 340 c 397 Latin Didymus the Blind c 313 c 398 Greek Siricius c 334 c 399 Latin Evagrius Ponticus c 345 c 399 Greek Gaius Marius Victorinus d 400 Latin African Optatus d 400 Latin African Publilius d 400 Latin African Rufinus the Syrian d 401 Latin Anastasius I d 401 Latin Epiphanius of Salamis c 310 c 403 Greek Amphilochius of Iconium d 403 Greek John Chrysostom c 347 c 407 Greek Chromatius d 407 Latin Gaudentius of Brescia d 410 Latin Therasia of Nola wife d 410 Latin Macarius Magnes d 410 Greek Tyrannius Rufinus c 345 c 411 Latin Theophilus of Alexandria d 412 Greek Prudentius c 348 c 413 Latin Nicetas of Remesiana c 335 c 414 Latin Synesius c 373 c 414 Greek African John II of Jerusalem d 417 Greek Sulpicius Severus c 360 c 420 Latin Maruthas d 420 Syriac Martianus Capella d 420 Latin African Paulinus the Deacon d 422 Latin Severian of Gabala c 380 c 425 Greek Atticus of Constantinople d 425 Greek Jerome c 347 c 430 Latin Augustine of Hippo c 354 c 430 Latin African Palladius of Galatia c 363 c 430 Greek Nilus of Sinai d 430 Greek Paulinus of Nola husband c 354 c 431 Latin Philip of Side c 380 c 431 Greek John Cassian c 360 c 435 Latin Rabbula d 435 Syriac Possidius d 437 Latin African Isaac of Armenia c 354 c 439 Armenian Philostorgius c 368 c 439 Greek Socrates Scholasticus c 380 c 439 Greek Honoratus Antoninus d 440 Latin African Flavius Lucius Dexter c 368 c 444 Latin Cyril of Alexandria c 376 c 444 Greek Eucherius of Lyon c 380 c 449 Latin Hilary of Arles c 403 c 449 Latin Poemen c 340 c 450 Greek Peter Chrysologus c 380 c 450 Latin Eznik of Kolb c 380 c 450 Armenian Sozomen c 400 c 450 Greek Agathangelos d 450 Armenian Quodvultdeus d 450 Latin African Vincent of Lerins d 450 Latin Isidore of Pelusium d 450 Greek Marius Mercator c 390 c 451 Latin African Salvian c 405 c 451 Latin Prosper of Aquitaine c 390 c 455 Latin Simeon Stylites c 390 c 459 Syriac Isaac of Antioch d 460 Syriac Arnobius the Younger d 460 Latin African Patrick c 385 c 461 Latin Leo the Great c 400 c 461 Latin Shenoute c 348 c 466 Coptic Theodoret c 393 c 466 Greek Gennadius of Constantinople d 471 Greek Elishe c 410 c 475 Armenian Timothy AElurus d 477 Greek Iakob Tsurtaveli d 483 Georgian Victor Vitensis c 430 c 484 Latin African Vigilius of Thapsus d 484 Latin African Diadochos of Photiki c 400 c 486 Greek Movses Khorenatsi c 410 c 490 Armenian Sidonius Apollinaris c 430 c 490 Latin Auspicius of Toul d 490 Latin Isaiah the Solitary d 491 Greek Gelasius I d 496 Latin African Gennadius of Massilia d 496 Latin Pseudo Dionysius the Areopagite c 400 c 500 Greek Nonnus d 500 Greek Antipater of Bostra d 500 Greek Narsai c 399 c 502 Syriac Julianus Pomerius d 505 Latin African Ghazar Parpetsi c 442 c 510 Armenian John Rufus c 450 c 518 Greek Aeneas of Gaza d 518 Greek Avitus of Vienne c 450 c 519 Latin Jacob of Serugh c 451 c 521 Syriac Magnus Ennodius c 474 c 521 Latin Philoxenus of Mabbug d 523 Syriac Boethius c 477 c 524 Latin Fulgentius c 467 c 533 Latin African Eugippius c 460 c 535 Latin Zacharias Rhetor c 465 c 536 Greek Severus of Antioch c 465 c 538 Greek Caesarius of Arles c 470 c 542 Latin Benedict of Nursia c 480 c 547 Latin Fulgentius Ferrandus d 547 Latin African Cosmas Indicopleustes d 550 Greek Primasius of Hadrumetum d 560 Latin African Dorotheus of Gaza c 505 c 565 Greek John Philoponus c 490 c 570 Greek Gildas c 500 c 570 Latin Victor of Tunnuna d 570 Latin African John Malalas c 491 c 578 Greek Martin of Braga c 520 c 580 Latin Peter III of Callinicum c 550 c 591 Syriac Gregory of Antioch d 593 Greek Evagrius Scholasticus c 536 c 594 Greek Gregory of Tours c 538 c 594 Latin John IV of Constantinople d 595 Greek David the Invincible d 600 Armenian Basil of Oxyrhynchus d 600 Coptic Leander of Seville c 534 c 601 Latin Gregory I c 540 c 604 Latin Eulogius of Alexandria d 608 Greek Venantius Fortunatus c 530 c 609 Latin Isidore of Seville c 560 c 626 Latin Gregory of Agrigento c 559 c 630 Greek Theophylact Simocatta c 580 c 630 Greek Andrew of Caesarea c 563 c 637 Latin Sophronius of Jerusalem c 560 c 638 Greek John Climacus c 579 c 649 Greek Maximus the Confessor 580 662 Greek Anania Shirakatsi c 610 c 685 Armenian Isaac of Nineveh d 700 Syriac Jacob of Edessa c 640 c 708 Syriac Bede the Venerable d 735 Latin John of Damascus d 749 Greek Obstacles to 21st century understanding EditAlister McGrath notes four reasons why understanding patristics can be difficult in the early 21st century 6 Some of the debates appear to have little relevance to the modern world the use of classical philosophy the doctrinal diversity the divisions between East and West i e Greek and Latin methods of theology the extent of use of classical philosophy The terms neo patristics and post patristics refer to recent theologies according to which the Church Fathers must be reinterpreted or even critically tested in light of modern developments since their writings reflected that of a distant past These theologies however are considered controversial or even dangerous by orthodox theologians 7 8 Patrology vs patristics EditSome scholars chiefly in Germany distinguish patrologia from patristica Josef Fessler for instance defines patrologia as the science which provides all that is necessary for the using of the works of the Fathers dealing therefore with their authority the criteria for judging their genuineness the difficulties to be met within them and the rules for their use But Fessler s own Institutiones Patrologiae has a larger range as have similar works entitled Patrologies for example that of Otto Bardenhewer tr Shahan Freiburg 1908 Catholic writer Karl Keating argues that patrology is the study of the Early Fathers and their contemporaries as people and the authenticity of the works attributed to them Patristics on the other hand is the study of their thought 9 On the other hand Fessler describes patristica as that theological science by which all that concerns faith morals or discipline in the writings of the Fathers is collected and sorted The lives and works of the Fathers are also described by a non specialized science literary history These distinctions are not much observed nor do they seem very necessary they are nothing else than aspects of patristic study as it forms part of fundamental theology of positive theology and of literary history citation needed Availability of patristic texts EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Patristics news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A vast number of patristic texts are available in their original languages in Jacques Paul Migne s two great patrologies Patrologia Latina and Patrologia Graeca For Syriac and other Eastern languages the Patrologia Orientalis Patrologia Syriaca earlier is less complete and can be largely supplemented by the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Noted collections containing re edited patristic texts also discoveries and new attributions are the Corpus Christianorum Sources Chretiennes Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum and on a lesser scale Oxford Early Christian Texts Fontes Christiani and Etudes Augustiniennes citation needed English translations of patristic texts are readily available in a variety of collections For example citation needed The Ante Nicene Fathers The Writings of the Fathers Down to A D 325 Edinburgh T amp T Clark A Select Library of the Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church Edinburgh T amp T Clark The Works of Saint Augustine A Translation for the 21st Century New York City Press The Fathers of the Church Washington D C Catholic University of America Press Ancient Christian Writers New York Paulist Press The Early Church Fathers London New York Routledge Taylor amp Francis Group The Popular Patristics Series Crestwood NY St Vladimir s Seminary Press A range of journals cover patristic studies citation needed Augustinian Studies Church History journal The Journal of Ecclesiastical History Journal of Early Christian Studies Studia Patristica Vigiliae ChristianaeSee also EditArmenian studies Coptology Early Christianity Ethiopian Studies First seven ecumenical councils Historiography of early Christianity Nag Hammadi library Papyrology Popular Patristics Series Syriac studies Women in the patristic age List of Christian women of the patristic ageNotes Edit Alopen a key patristic era figure in the Church Of The East wrote in Chinese References Edit van Geest Paul J J 2018 Patrology Patristics In Hunter David G van Geest Paul J J Lietaert Peerbolte Bert Jan eds Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online Leiden and Boston Brill Publishers doi 10 1163 2589 7993 EECO SIM 00002583 ISSN 2589 7993 McGrath Alister E 1998 Chapter 1 The Patristic Period c 100 451 Historical Theology An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought Oxford Blackwell Publishers ISBN 0 631 20843 7 McGrath op cit pp 20 22 McGrath op cit Ch 1 McGrath op cit pp 27 37 McGrath op cit pp 23 Dr Triantafyllos Sioulis Paterikos fontamentalismos h meta paterikh 8eologikh 8oloyra Archived 2011 11 01 at the Wayback Machine Metropolitan of Nafpaktus NEOPATERIKH KAI METAPATERIKH 8EOLOGIA Keating Karl 1988 Catholicism and Fundamentalism The Attack on Romanism by Bible Christians San Francisco Ignatius Press p 330 ISBN 9780898701951 Sources Edit Patrology Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 Gerard Vallee 1999 The shaping of Christianity New York Paulist Press ISBN 9780809138678 External links EditAudio Patristics for Busy Pastors by Dr J Ligon Duncan Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 Church History 1 Dr Gerald Bray Archived from the original on 19 May 2008 Patristics The Fathers of the Church Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Online collections Early Church Fathers Ante Nicene and Post Nicene Christian Classics Ethereal Library Early Church Fathers Additional Texts The Tertullian Project Large collection of patristic texts that outline the cardinal doctrines of the Catholic faith cin org J P Migne Patrologia Latina and Patrologia Graeca free digital edition of almost all the texts The comprehensive Patrologia compiled by J P Migne Faulkner University Patristics Project Archived from the original on 18 July 2012 English translations of patristic texts and high resolution scans J P Migne 1864 Patrologiae cursus completus in Latin Free digital bilingual edition of patristic texts studies meditations prayers in French Latin and Greek A 38 volume set containing most of the major works of the first 800 years of Christian patristic writings Ecole Initiative Archived from the original on 28 December 2005 Online collection of patristic texts images and information Others Search tool for Patrologia Graeca Orthodox Patristics The Study of Early Orthodox Christian Writers orthodoxpatriustics com Roger Pearse Thoughts on Antiquity and Patristics Website of the North American Patristics Society Website of the International Association of Patristics Studies Archived from the original on 4 February 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Patristics amp oldid 1149587163, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
