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Eusebius of Vercelli

Eusebius of Vercelli (c. 2 March 283 – 1 August 371) was a bishop from Sardinia and is counted a saint. Along with Athanasius, he affirmed the divinity of Jesus against Arianism.

Saint Eusebius of Vercelli
The Virgin Mary in Glory with Archangel Gabriel, and Saints Eusebius of Vercelli (seated), Saint Sebastian, and Saint Roch, Sebastiano Ricci.
Bishop and Confessor
Bornc. 2 March 283[1]
Sardinia
Died1 August 371(371-08-01) (aged 88)
Vercelli, Piemonte
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast2 August; 15 December (General Roman Calendar 1602–1728); 16 December (General Roman Calendar 1729–1969)
PatronageVercelli

Biography Edit

Eusebius was born in Sardinia, in 283. After his father's martyrdom, he was taken to Rome by his mother, where he later became a lector. He became the first bishop in Vercelli (in northern Italy), probably sometime in the early- to mid-340s. According to a letter of Ambrose to the congregation in Vercelli two decades after Eusebius' death, the local leaders recognized his piety and thus elected him rather than local candidates (Epistola lxiii, Ad Vercellenses). Inspired by St Athanasius's Life of St Anthony, he founded a priestly community in Vercelli that resembled a monastic community. This coenobium, in turn, inspired others such as Gaudentius of Novara, Eustasius of Aosta, and Maximus of Turin.[2] He was the first bishop to live in common with the clergy, devoting his best energies to form them in piety and zeal.[3] For this reason, the Canons Regular of St. Augustine honour him along with Augustine as their founder.[4]

In 354, Pope Liberius asked Eusebius to join Bishop Lucifer of Cagliari in carrying a request to the Emperor Constantius II at Milan, pleading for the emperor to convoke a council to end the dissensions over the status of Athanasius of Alexandria and the matter of Arianism. The synod was held in Milan in 355. Eusebius attended part of the council, but refused to condemn Athanasius and so was exiled, first to Scythopolis in Syria, under the watchful eye of the Arian bishop Patrophilus, whom Eusebius calls his jailer, then to Cappadocia, and lastly to the Thebaid, in Upper Egypt.[4] Several letters surrounding the council written to or by Eusebius still survive, as do two letters written by him during his exile.

In the latter place, Eusebius was dragged through the streets and persecuted in many ways but never gave up the Catholic faith.[3] Upon the accession of Julian, the exiled bishops were free to return to their sees. Eusebius passed through Alexandria and there attended Athanasius' synod of 362 which confirmed the divinity of the Holy Ghost and the orthodox doctrine concerning the Incarnation. The synod also agreed both to deal mildly with the repentant bishops who had signed Arianizing creeds under pressure and to impose severe penalties upon the leaders of several of the Arianizing factions.[4]

While still on his way home, Eusebius took the synod's decisions to Antioch and hoped to reconcile the schism there. The church was divided between adherents of Eustathius of Antioch, who had been deposed and exiled by the Arians in 331, and those of the Meletians. Since Meletius' election in 361 was brought about chiefly by the Arians, the Eustathians would not recognize him, although he solemnly proclaimed his orthodox faith after his episcopal consecration. The Alexandrian synod had desired that Eusebius should reconcile the Eustathians with Bishop Meletius, by purging his election of whatever might have been irregular in it, but Eusebius found that Lucifer of Cagliari had also passed that way, and had unilaterally consecrated Paulinus, the leader of the Eustathians, as Bishop of Antioch.

Unable to reconcile the factions, he continued towards home, visiting other churches along the way in the interest of promulgating and enforcing the orthodox faith. Once back in Vercelli in 363, he continued to be a leader with Hilary of Poitiers in defeating Arianism in the Western Church, and was one of the chief opponents of the Arian bishop Auxentius of Milan. He died in 370 or 371.

Although in the Middle Ages he was sometimes referred to as a martyr, this was more to honour the sufferings he endured in standing up for his faith. Later legends of his martyrdom have no historical basis. The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast on 2 August.[5] His former feast day of 16 December roughly coincided with his elevation as bishop. His current feast day roughly coincides with the anniversary of his death.Vercelli Cathedral is dedicated to him.

In a General Audience in October 2007, Pope Benedict XVI observed,

Therefore, Pastors, Eusebius said, must urge the faithful not to consider the cities of the world as their permanent dwelling place but to seek the future city, the definitive heavenly Jerusalem. This "eschatological reserve" enables Pastors and faithful to preserve the proper scale of values without ever submitting to the fashions of the moment and the unjust claims of the current political power. The authentic scale of values – Eusebius' whole life seems to say – does not come from emperors of the past or of today but from Jesus Christ,...[2]

Works Edit

 
A part of the Codex Vercellensis, believed to have been written by Eusebius in the year 370.
  • Three short letters of Eusebius are printed in Migne, Pat.Lat., XII, 947-54 and X, 713-14.[2]
  • Jerome (Of Famous Men, c. lvi, and Epistle lxi, n. 2) ascribes to him a Latin translation of a commentary on the Psalms, written originally in Greek by Eusebius of Caesarea; but this work has been lost.
  • In the cathedral at Vercelli is preserved the Codex Vercellensis, the earliest manuscript of the old Latin Gospels ("Codex a"), which was believed to have been written by Eusebius, though now scholars tend to doubt it.[6]
  • Krüger (Lucifer, Bischof von Calaris, Leipzig, 1886, 118–30) ascribes to Eusebius a baptismal oration by Caspari (Quellen sur Geschichte des Taufsymbols, Christiania, 1869, II, 132-40).
  • The confession of faith "Des. Trinitate confessio", P.L., XII, 959–968, sometimes ascribed to Eusebius, is spurious.[4]

References Edit

  1. ^ "Book of Martyrs," New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1948
  2. ^ a b c Pope Benedict XVI. "Saint Eusebius of Vercelli", General audience 17 October 2007, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
  3. ^ a b Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Eusebius of Vercelli". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 167–168. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
  4. ^ a b c d Ott, Michael. "St. Eusebius." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 25 May 2018
  5. ^ "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 148
  6. ^ As the text of the Bible presented in the manuscript differs from the one Eusebius uses, cfr. J. VEZIN, ‘Les livres utilisés comme amulettes et reliques’ in: Das Buch als magisches und als repräsentationsobjekt, ed. by P. Ganz (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1992), 107–115.

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Eusebius". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links Edit

  • Fourth Century Christianity: Eusebius of Vercelli
  • His writings
  • Santi e beati: Sant' Eusebio di Vercelli (in Italian)
  • Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square

Bibliography Edit

  • Covolo, Enrico; Uglione, Renato; Vian, Giovanni Maria (edd.). (1997). Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo. (in Italian). (Rome: Libreria Ateneo Salesiana 1997).
  • Dattrino, L., "S. Eusebio di Vercelli: vescovo „martire“? vescovo „monaco“?," (in Italian), in: Augustinianum 24 (1984) 167-187.
  • N. Everett, "Narrating the Life of Eusebius of Vercelli", in R. Balzaretti and E.M. Tyler (eds), Narrative and History in the Early Medieval West (Turnhout, 2006: Brepols), pp. 133–165.
  • Nicholas Everett, Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD c.350–800 (PIMS/ Durham University Press, 2016), pp.171–205.
  • Ferrari, M. (1996). "Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo," (in Italian), in: Bollettino storico Vercellese 46 (1996), pp. 113-125.
  • Milano, E. (1987). "Eusebio di Vercelli, vescovo metropolita. Leggenda o realtà storica?", (in Italian), in: Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 30 (1987), 313–322.
  • Simonetti, M. (1997). "Eusebio nella controversia ariana," (in Italian), in: Covolo, E., Uglione, R. and Vian, G. M. (eds.) Eusebio di Vercelli ed il suo tempo, pp. 155–179.
  • Zangara, V. (1997). "Eusebio di Vercelli e Massimo di Torino: tra storia e agiografia," (in Italian), in: Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo, pp. 257–321.

eusebius, vercelli, march, august, bishop, from, sardinia, counted, saint, along, with, athanasius, affirmed, divinity, jesus, against, arianism, saint, virgin, mary, glory, with, archangel, gabriel, saints, seated, saint, sebastian, saint, roch, sebastiano, r. Eusebius of Vercelli c 2 March 283 1 August 371 was a bishop from Sardinia and is counted a saint Along with Athanasius he affirmed the divinity of Jesus against Arianism Saint Eusebius of VercelliThe Virgin Mary in Glory with Archangel Gabriel and Saints Eusebius of Vercelli seated Saint Sebastian and Saint Roch Sebastiano Ricci Bishop and ConfessorBornc 2 March 283 1 SardiniaDied1 August 371 371 08 01 aged 88 Vercelli PiemonteVenerated inRoman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox ChurchFeast2 August 15 December General Roman Calendar 1602 1728 16 December General Roman Calendar 1729 1969 PatronageVercelli Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 References 4 External links 5 BibliographyBiography EditEusebius was born in Sardinia in 283 After his father s martyrdom he was taken to Rome by his mother where he later became a lector He became the first bishop in Vercelli in northern Italy probably sometime in the early to mid 340s According to a letter of Ambrose to the congregation in Vercelli two decades after Eusebius death the local leaders recognized his piety and thus elected him rather than local candidates Epistola lxiii Ad Vercellenses Inspired by St Athanasius s Life of St Anthony he founded a priestly community in Vercelli that resembled a monastic community This coenobium in turn inspired others such as Gaudentius of Novara Eustasius of Aosta and Maximus of Turin 2 He was the first bishop to live in common with the clergy devoting his best energies to form them in piety and zeal 3 For this reason the Canons Regular of St Augustine honour him along with Augustine as their founder 4 In 354 Pope Liberius asked Eusebius to join Bishop Lucifer of Cagliari in carrying a request to the Emperor Constantius II at Milan pleading for the emperor to convoke a council to end the dissensions over the status of Athanasius of Alexandria and the matter of Arianism The synod was held in Milan in 355 Eusebius attended part of the council but refused to condemn Athanasius and so was exiled first to Scythopolis in Syria under the watchful eye of the Arian bishop Patrophilus whom Eusebius calls his jailer then to Cappadocia and lastly to the Thebaid in Upper Egypt 4 Several letters surrounding the council written to or by Eusebius still survive as do two letters written by him during his exile In the latter place Eusebius was dragged through the streets and persecuted in many ways but never gave up the Catholic faith 3 Upon the accession of Julian the exiled bishops were free to return to their sees Eusebius passed through Alexandria and there attended Athanasius synod of 362 which confirmed the divinity of the Holy Ghost and the orthodox doctrine concerning the Incarnation The synod also agreed both to deal mildly with the repentant bishops who had signed Arianizing creeds under pressure and to impose severe penalties upon the leaders of several of the Arianizing factions 4 While still on his way home Eusebius took the synod s decisions to Antioch and hoped to reconcile the schism there The church was divided between adherents of Eustathius of Antioch who had been deposed and exiled by the Arians in 331 and those of the Meletians Since Meletius election in 361 was brought about chiefly by the Arians the Eustathians would not recognize him although he solemnly proclaimed his orthodox faith after his episcopal consecration The Alexandrian synod had desired that Eusebius should reconcile the Eustathians with Bishop Meletius by purging his election of whatever might have been irregular in it but Eusebius found that Lucifer of Cagliari had also passed that way and had unilaterally consecrated Paulinus the leader of the Eustathians as Bishop of Antioch Unable to reconcile the factions he continued towards home visiting other churches along the way in the interest of promulgating and enforcing the orthodox faith Once back in Vercelli in 363 he continued to be a leader with Hilary of Poitiers in defeating Arianism in the Western Church and was one of the chief opponents of the Arian bishop Auxentius of Milan He died in 370 or 371 Although in the Middle Ages he was sometimes referred to as a martyr this was more to honour the sufferings he endured in standing up for his faith Later legends of his martyrdom have no historical basis The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast on 2 August 5 His former feast day of 16 December roughly coincided with his elevation as bishop His current feast day roughly coincides with the anniversary of his death Vercelli Cathedral is dedicated to him In a General Audience in October 2007 Pope Benedict XVI observed Therefore Pastors Eusebius said must urge the faithful not to consider the cities of the world as their permanent dwelling place but to seek the future city the definitive heavenly Jerusalem This eschatological reserve enables Pastors and faithful to preserve the proper scale of values without ever submitting to the fashions of the moment and the unjust claims of the current political power The authentic scale of values Eusebius whole life seems to say does not come from emperors of the past or of today but from Jesus Christ 2 Works Edit nbsp A part of the Codex Vercellensis believed to have been written by Eusebius in the year 370 Three short letters of Eusebius are printed in Migne Pat Lat XII 947 54 and X 713 14 2 Jerome Of Famous Men c lvi and Epistle lxi n 2 ascribes to him a Latin translation of a commentary on the Psalms written originally in Greek by Eusebius of Caesarea but this work has been lost In the cathedral at Vercelli is preserved the Codex Vercellensis the earliest manuscript of the old Latin Gospels Codex a which was believed to have been written by Eusebius though now scholars tend to doubt it 6 Kruger Lucifer Bischof von Calaris Leipzig 1886 118 30 ascribes to Eusebius a baptismal oration by Caspari Quellen sur Geschichte des Taufsymbols Christiania 1869 II 132 40 The confession of faith Des Trinitate confessio P L XII 959 968 sometimes ascribed to Eusebius is spurious 4 References Edit Book of Martyrs New York Catholic Book Publishing Co 1948 a b c Pope Benedict XVI Saint Eusebius of Vercelli General audience 17 October 2007 Libreria Editrice Vaticana a b Fr Paolo O Pirlo SHMI 1997 St Eusebius of Vercelli My First Book of Saints Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate Quality Catholic Publications pp 167 168 ISBN 971 91595 4 5 a b c d Ott Michael St Eusebius The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 5 New York Robert Appleton Company 1909 25 May 2018 Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969 p 148 As the text of the Bible presented in the manuscript differs from the one Eusebius uses cfr J VEZIN Les livres utilises comme amulettes et reliques in Das Buch als magisches und als reprasentationsobjekt ed by P Ganz Wiesbaden Harrassowitz 1992 107 115 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 St Eusebius Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eusebius of Vercelli Fourth Century Christianity Eusebius of Vercelli His writings Santi e beati Sant Eusebio di Vercelli in Italian Colonnade Statue in St Peter s SquareBibliography EditCovolo Enrico Uglione Renato Vian Giovanni Maria edd 1997 Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo in Italian Rome Libreria Ateneo Salesiana 1997 Dattrino L S Eusebio di Vercelli vescovo martire vescovo monaco in Italian in Augustinianum 24 1984 167 187 N Everett Narrating the Life of Eusebius of Vercelli in R Balzaretti and E M Tyler eds Narrative and History in the Early Medieval West Turnhout 2006 Brepols pp 133 165 Nicholas Everett Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD c 350 800 PIMS Durham University Press 2016 pp 171 205 Ferrari M 1996 Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo in Italian in Bollettino storico Vercellese 46 1996 pp 113 125 Milano E 1987 Eusebio di Vercelli vescovo metropolita Leggenda o realta storica in Italian in Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 30 1987 313 322 Simonetti M 1997 Eusebio nella controversia ariana in Italian in Covolo E Uglione R and Vian G M eds Eusebio di Vercelli ed il suo tempo pp 155 179 Zangara V 1997 Eusebio di Vercelli e Massimo di Torino tra storia e agiografia in Italian in Eusebio di Vercelli e il suo tempo pp 257 321 Portals nbsp Saints nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp Italy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eusebius of Vercelli amp oldid 1179948206, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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