The Pathans of Punjab (Punjabi, Urdu: پنجابی پٹھان; Pashto: پنجابي پښتانه), also called Punjabi Pathans[3] or Punjabi Pashtuns, are people of Pashtun descent,[4][5] settled in the Punjab region of Pakistan[6] and India.[2] They were originally from the Pashtunistan region of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Most of these Pashtun communities are scattered throughout the Punjab and have over time assimilated and integrated into the Punjabi society and culture.
The oral tradition of Pathans has that they are descendants of the soldiers of Alexander the Great who invaded the area in 327–323 BC. Archaeological evidence, however, suggests a Greek influence before this invasion. A phylogenetic study investigated the possible genetic relation of Pathans with Greeks and found evidence of a limited contributions of Greek genes in the Pathan population.[8]
Main divisionsedit
Malerkotla Pathansedit
In the Indian Punjabi city of Malerkotla, sixty-five percent of the total population is Muslim and out of this population, twenty percent are Punjabi Pathans.[2]
These Pathans trace their ancestry to Shaikh Sadruddin, a pious man of the Sherwani/Sarwani tribe of the Darband area of what is now the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan.[2] Behlol Lodhi (1451–1517), the Afghan king who had most of the western parts of India under his control, desired to rule Delhi and on his way, he was caught in a sand drift.[2] While there was nothing visible in the darkness, the King spotted a dim light of a lamp still burning in the wind. It was the hut of Shaikh Sadruddin and when the king found out, he came to the hut to show his respect and asked the holy man to pray for him to bear a son and have victory.[2] During 1451 and 1452, the king married off his daughter Taj Murassa to Shaikh Sadruddin after being enthroned in Delhi, and also gave him the area of Malerkotla.[2] The descendants of Shaikh Sadruddin branched into two groups. One started ruling the state and were given the title of Nawab.[2] The other branch lived around the Shrine of Shaikh Sadruddin, controlling its revenue.[2]
One notable thing about the Punjabi Pathans of Malerkotla is the fact the women strictly observe pardah, albeit they are no longer required to wear the burqa.[2] In regards to language, Pashto was their primary language until 1903. Afterwards, the Malerkotla Pathans began to speak Punjabi and Hindustani.[2] In the city, there are twenty-nine shrines to saints from Afghanistan, whom the Malerkotla Pathans revere.[2] Although the level of education is low among the community, many of these Pathans serve in the civil service, particularly in the Indian Police Service.[2] Others maintain businesses, rent property, and rear horses.[2] Because the level of religiosity amongst Malerkotla Pathans is high, many families sent their children to madrasahs where Qur'anic education is compulsory. For higher education, many children study in schools in Patiala or Ludhiana.[2]
Multani Pathansedit
The descendants of Zamand very early migrated in large numbers to Multan, to which province they furnished rulers, till the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, when a number of the Abdali tribe under the leadership of Shah Husain were driven from Kandahar by tribal feuds, took refuge in Multan, and being early supplemented by other of their kinsmen who were expelled by Mir Wais, the great Ghilzai chief, conquered Multan and founded the tribe well known in the Punjab as Multani Pathans.
Their main clans were the Alizai, Badozai, Bamzai and Saddozai, all clans of the Durrani tribe. Other tribal communities include the Safi (Pashtun tribe), Babar, Khakwani, Tareen.[9] In Muzaffargarh District, the Pathans of the district are related to the Multani Pathans. They settled in Muzaffargarh in the 18th century, as small groups of Multani Pathan expended their control from the city of Multan. There distribution is as follows; the Alizai Durrani are found at Lalpur, and the Popalzai are found in Docharkha, while the Babars are based in Khangarh and Tareen in Kuhawar are other important tribes.[10]
^Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997-12-31). The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy, 1971-94. ISBN9781860641695.
^ abcdefghijklmno. Khyber. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2007-06-07. The capital of the state is also called Maler Kotla and it is situated at a distance of 28 miles to the South of Ludhiana and 36 miles from Patiala. It has a population of 100,000 and the total area of the state is 164 square miles. It comprises 213 villages and has rich fertile land plain broken by sand drifts here and there. The Muslims are 65% of the population and 20% of them are of Pathan origin.
^"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India". www.khyber.org. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
^"Pashtuns". Minority Rights Group. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
^Minahan, James B. Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ISBN9781598846607.
^ abPunjabi Musalmans; by J. M. Wikely, pages 133-134
^Sadaf Firasat (2007) Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan, European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 121–126. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726
^Imperial Rule in the Punjab 1818-1881 by J Royal Rosebury page 73
^A Gazetteer of Muzaffargarh District Part A 1929 p. 76
October 29, 2023
pathans, punjab, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pathans of Punjab news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Pathans of Punjab Punjabi Urdu پنجابی پٹھان Pashto پنجابي پښتانه also called Punjabi Pathans 3 or Punjabi Pashtuns are people of Pashtun descent 4 5 settled in the Punjab region of Pakistan 6 and India 2 They were originally from the Pashtunistan region of Pakistan and Afghanistan Most of these Pashtun communities are scattered throughout the Punjab and have over time assimilated and integrated into the Punjabi society and culture Pathans of PunjabRegions with significant populations Pakistan Punjab Hazara India Punjab specifically Malerkotla historically also Ludhiana and Jalandhar 1 2 LanguagesPunjabi Hindko Pashto Saraiki UrduReligionIslam SikhismRelated ethnic groupsPashtuns Pathans of Sindh Rohilla Pathans of Gujarat Pathans of Rajasthan Pathans of Uttar Pradesh Pathans of BiharThese non frontier Pathans are usually known by the town or locality in which they are settled e g Lahori Pathans 6 Contents 1 History and origin 2 Main divisions 2 1 Malerkotla Pathans 2 2 Multani Pathans 3 Notable Punjabis of Pashtun heritage 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory and origin editFurther information Pashtun diaspora nbsp Pathun recruits in the First World War as part of British Indian ArmyColonies of Pathans Pashtun people arriving in Punjab are accounted for by Sir Densil Ibbetson in the following manner During the Khilji Lodi and Suri dynasties many Pathans migrated to Punjab especially during the reign of Jalal ud din Khalji Bahlol Lodhi and Sher Shah Suri These naturally belonged to the Ghilzai section from which those kings sprang 7 Sir Denzil Ibbetson page needed The oral tradition of Pathans has that they are descendants of the soldiers of Alexander the Great who invaded the area in 327 323 BC Archaeological evidence however suggests a Greek influence before this invasion A phylogenetic study investigated the possible genetic relation of Pathans with Greeks and found evidence of a limited contributions of Greek genes in the Pathan population 8 Main divisions editMalerkotla Pathans edit In the Indian Punjabi city of Malerkotla sixty five percent of the total population is Muslim and out of this population twenty percent are Punjabi Pathans 2 These Pathans trace their ancestry to Shaikh Sadruddin a pious man of the Sherwani Sarwani tribe of the Darband area of what is now the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan 2 Behlol Lodhi 1451 1517 the Afghan king who had most of the western parts of India under his control desired to rule Delhi and on his way he was caught in a sand drift 2 While there was nothing visible in the darkness the King spotted a dim light of a lamp still burning in the wind It was the hut of Shaikh Sadruddin and when the king found out he came to the hut to show his respect and asked the holy man to pray for him to bear a son and have victory 2 During 1451 and 1452 the king married off his daughter Taj Murassa to Shaikh Sadruddin after being enthroned in Delhi and also gave him the area of Malerkotla 2 The descendants of Shaikh Sadruddin branched into two groups One started ruling the state and were given the title of Nawab 2 The other branch lived around the Shrine of Shaikh Sadruddin controlling its revenue 2 One notable thing about the Punjabi Pathans of Malerkotla is the fact the women strictly observe pardah albeit they are no longer required to wear the burqa 2 In regards to language Pashto was their primary language until 1903 Afterwards the Malerkotla Pathans began to speak Punjabi and Hindustani 2 In the city there are twenty nine shrines to saints from Afghanistan whom the Malerkotla Pathans revere 2 Although the level of education is low among the community many of these Pathans serve in the civil service particularly in the Indian Police Service 2 Others maintain businesses rent property and rear horses 2 Because the level of religiosity amongst Malerkotla Pathans is high many families sent their children to madrasahs where Qur anic education is compulsory For higher education many children study in schools in Patiala or Ludhiana 2 Multani Pathans edit The descendants of Zamand very early migrated in large numbers to Multan to which province they furnished rulers till the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb when a number of the Abdali tribe under the leadership of Shah Husain were driven from Kandahar by tribal feuds took refuge in Multan and being early supplemented by other of their kinsmen who were expelled by Mir Wais the great Ghilzai chief conquered Multan and founded the tribe well known in the Punjab as Multani Pathans Their main clans were the Alizai Badozai Bamzai and Saddozai all clans of the Durrani tribe Other tribal communities include the Safi Pashtun tribe Babar Khakwani Tareen 9 In Muzaffargarh District the Pathans of the district are related to the Multani Pathans They settled in Muzaffargarh in the 18th century as small groups of Multani Pathan expended their control from the city of Multan There distribution is as follows the Alizai Durrani are found at Lalpur and the Popalzai are found in Docharkha while the Babars are based in Khangarh and Tareen in Kuhawar are other important tribes 10 Notable Punjabis of Pashtun heritage editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Imran Khan 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan General Yahya Khan 3rd President of Pakistan General A A K Niazi Pakistani army officer and last governor of East Pakistan Rahimuddin Khan Pakistani military officer who served as the 7th governor of Balochistan and 16th governor of Sindh Justice Munir 2nd Chief Justice of Pakistan Asma Jahangir Pakistani human rights activist and lawyer Ghulam Muhammad 3rd Governor General of Pakistan Faakhir Mehmood Pakistani singer songwriter music producer and composer Bilal Khan Pakistani singer songwriter composer and actor Junaid Khan Pakistani actor and singer Jehangir Khan Tareen Pakistani businessman politician and former minister for Industries Dr Nazir Ahmed Pakistani scientist bureaucrat and founding chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Shaukat Tarin Pakistani politician and former Finance minister of Pakistan Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan Pakistani politician and poet Munir Ahmad Khan Pakistani nuclear scientist and engineer Ishaq Khan Khakwani Pakistani politician and former minister of State for Railways IT amp Telecom Javed Burki Pakistani cricketer Maulana Kausar Niazi Pakistani politician religious leader and former federal minister Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri Pakistani politician and former senator Gul Hameed Khan Rokhri Pakistani politician and former member of provincial assembly of the Punjab Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri Pakistani politician and activist of the Pakistan Movement Humair Hayat Khan Rokhri Pakistani politician and member of the National Assembly of Pakistan Aamir Hayat Khan Niazi Pakistani politician and member of provincial assembly of the Punjab Tariq Niazi Pakistani field hockey player Munir Niazi Pakistani poet of Urdu and Punjabi languages Shahryar Khan Pakistani dipolmat former foreign secretary and Chairman PCB Tariq Mahmood Khan Pakistani politician and former Interior Secretary and Member of Public Service Commission Zulfiqar Ali Khan former Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Tariq Kamal Khan former Chief of Naval Staff of Pakistan Karamat Rahman Niazi former Chief of Naval Staff of Pakistan Misbah ul Haq Pakistani cricketer Intikhab Alam Pakistani cricketer Fawad Khan Pakistani actor Ali Rehman Khan Pakistani actor Nadia Umber Lodhi Pakistani poet and writerSee also edit nbsp Punjab portalPashtun Pashtun diaspora Rohilla Pashtuns Pathans of Bihar Pathans of Kashmir Pathans of Gujarat Pathans of Sindh Pathans of Uttar Pradesh Pathans of Rajasthan Muhajir peopleReferences edit Shah Mehtab Ali 1997 12 31 The Foreign Policy of Pakistan Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971 94 ISBN 9781860641695 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Study of the Pathan Communities in four States of India Khyber Archived from the original on 2008 05 14 Retrieved 2007 06 07 The capital of the state is also called Maler Kotla and it is situated at a distance of 28 miles to the South of Ludhiana and 36 miles from Patiala It has a population of 100 000 and the total area of the state is 164 square miles It comprises 213 villages and has rich fertile land plain broken by sand drifts here and there The Muslims are 65 of the population and 20 of them are of Pathan origin Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India www khyber org Retrieved 2023 01 24 Pashtuns Minority Rights Group 2015 06 19 Retrieved 2023 01 25 Minahan James B Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific An Encyclopedia An Encyclopedia ISBN 9781598846607 a b Punjabi Musalmans by J M Wikely pages 133 134 Punjab Castes by Denzil Ibbetson Sadaf Firasat 2007 Y chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan European Journal of Human Genetics 2007 15 121 126 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5201726 Imperial Rule in the Punjab 1818 1881 by J Royal Rosebury page 73 A Gazetteer of Muzaffargarh District Part A 1929 p 76 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pathans of Punjab amp oldid 1180762055, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
