Wikipedia
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.[1]
| Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | |
|---|---|
Commander's badge of the order with a ribbon bow | |
| Awarded by the Italian Republic | |
| Type | Order of merit |
| Established | 3 March 1951 |
| Country | Italy |
| Eligibility | Civilian and military divisions |
| Criteria | Meritorious service or achievement |
| Status | Currently constituted |
| Founder | Luigi Einaudi |
| Grand Master | President of the Republic |
| Grades |
|
| Post-nominals | OMRI |
| Website | www |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None |
| Next (lower) | Military Order of Italy |
Ribbon bar of the order | |
The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for the order are OMRI.[2]
The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).[note 1]
Grades
Investiture takes place twice a year – on 2 June, the anniversary of the foundation of the Republic, and on 27 December, the anniversary of the promulgation of the Italian Constitution. However, those awards on Presidential motu proprio, related to termination of service or granted to foreigners, may be made at any time.
The badge, modified in 2001, bears the inscription Al Merito della Repubblica encircling the national coat of arms on the obverse and the Latin Patriæ Unitati (for the union of the country) and Civium Libertati (for the liberty of the citizens) encircling the head of Italia Turrita on the reverse.[4] The six degrees with corresponding ribbons are as follows (with numbers to 2 June 2020):
| Ribbon (1951–2001) | Ribbon (since 2001) | Class (English) | Full title in Italian | Awards |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knight Grand Cross with Collar | Cavaliere di Gran Croce Decorato di Gran Cordone Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 201 | ||
| 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross | Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 9,178 | ||
| 2nd Class / Grand Officer | Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 24,830 | ||
| 3rd Class / Commander | Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 48,184 | ||
| 4th Class / Officer | Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 33,442 | ||
| 5th Class / Knight | Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | 146,390 |
The order is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic, as head of the orders of knighthood, on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers. Except in exceptional circumstances, no one can be awarded for the first time a rank higher than Knight. The minimum age requirement is normally 35.
The Knight Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to heads of state.
Recipients
Grand Cross with Collar
- Presidency of Luigi Einaudi (12 May 1948 – 11 May 1955):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 28 December 1952 | Greece – King Paul I (1947–1964) |
| 11 March 1953 | Brazil – President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945; 1951–1954) |
| 30 May 1953 | Monaco – Prince Rainier III (1949–2005) |
| 16 July 1953 | Lebanon – President Camille Chamoun (1952–1958) |
| 6 October 1953 | – President Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1953–1958) |
| 16 November 1953 | Argentina – President Juan Domingo Perón (1946–1955; 1973–1974) |
| 31 December 1953 | Germany – President Theodor Heuss (1949–1959) |
| 13 February 1954 | Haiti – President Paul Magloire (1950–1956) |
| 31 July 1954 | Dominican Republic – President Rafael Trujillo (1930–1938; 1942–1952) |
| 6 September 1954 | Chile – President Carlos Ibanez del Campo (1927–1931; 1952–1958) |
| 17 November 1954 | Sovereign Order of Malta – Lieutenant Grand Master Fra' Antonio Hercolani Fava Simonetti (1951–1955) |
| 6 December 1954 | France – President René Coty (1954–1959) |
| 12 February 1955 | El Salvador – President Óscar Osorio (1950–1956) |
- Presidency of Giovanni Gronchi (11 May 1955 – 11 May 1962):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 11 May 1955 | Italy – Former President Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955) |
| 21 October 1955 | Ethiopia – Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) |
| 16 January 1956 | Brazil – President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956–1961) |
| 5 June 1956 | Italy – Former President Enrico De Nicola (1946–1948) |
| 20 September 1956 | Liberia – President William Tubman (1944–1971) |
| 15 November 1956 | Peru – President Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1939–1945; 1956–1962) |
| 18 January 1957 | Costa Rica – President José Figueres Ferrer (1948–1949; 1953–1958; 1970–1974) |
| 6 March 1957 | Sovereign Order of Malta – Liutenant Grand Master Fra' Ernesto Paternò Castello di Carcaci (1955–1962) |
| 11 March 1957 | Ireland — President Seán T. O'Kelly (1945–1959) |
| 13 May 1957 | Turkey – President Celal Bayar (1950–1960) |
| 11 June 1957 | Panama – President Ernesto de la Guardia (1956–1960) |
| 26 August 1957 | Iran – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979) |
| 1 October 1957 | El Salvador – President José María Lemus (1956–1960) |
| 9 May 1958 | United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II (1952–2022) |
| 16 June 1959 | France – President Charles De Gaulle (1959–1969) |
| 11 June 1960 | Argentina – President Arturo Frondizi (1958–1962) |
| 8 September 1960 | Finland – President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (1956–1982) |
| 22 September 1960 | Thailand – King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016) |
| 29 November 1960 | Uruguay – President Benito Nardone (1960–1961) |
| 6 April 1961 | Uruguay – President Eduardo Víctor Haedo (1961–1962) |
- Presidency of Antonio Segni (11 May 1962 – 6 December 1964):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 25 May 1962 | Tunisia – President Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987) |
| 2 October 1962 | Senegal – President Léopold Sédar Senghor (1960–1980) |
| 8 October 1962 | Sovereign Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Angelo de Mojana di Cologna (1962–1988) |
| 27 November 1962 | Greece – Prince Constantine |
| 25 September 1963 | Ghana – President Kwame Nkrumah (1960–1966) |
| 2 October 1963 | Somalia – President Aden Adde (1960–1967) |
| 20 April 1964 | Denmark – King Frederick IX (1947–1972) |
| 18 June 1964 | Uruguay – President Luis Giannattasio (1964–1965) |
- Presidency of Giuseppe Saragat (29 December 1964 – 29 December 1971):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 16 June 1965 | Peru – President Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1963–1968; 1980–1985) |
| 20 June 1965 | Mexico – President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1964–1970) |
| 21 June 1965 | Norway – King Olav V (1957–1991) |
| 2 July 1965 | Chile – President Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964–1970) |
| 8 August 1965 | Germany – President Heinrich Lübke (1959–1969) |
| 8 September 1965 | – President Raúl Leoni (1964–1969) |
| Argentina – President Arturo Umberto Illia (1963–1966) | |
| Brazil – President Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1964–1967) | |
| 21 October 1965 | Poland – Chairman of the Council of State Edward Ochab (1964–1968) |
| 11 June 1966 | Belgium – King Baudouin (1951–1993) |
| 14 June 1966 | Sweden – King Gustaf VI Adolf (1950–1973) |
| 28 November 1966 | El Salvador – President Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (1962–1967) |
| 8 August 1969 | Ivory Coast – President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993) |
| 2 October 1969 | Yugoslavia – President Josip Broz Tito (1953–1980) |
- Presidency of Giovanni Leone (29 December 1971 – 15 June 1978):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 30 December 1971 | Austria – President Franz Jonas (1965–1974) |
| 23 November 1972 | Indonesia – President Suharto (1968–1998) |
| 21 March 1973 | Germany – President Gustav Heinemann (1969–1974) |
| 8 May 1973 | Zaire – President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997) |
| 21 May 1973 | Romania – President of the State Council Nicolae Ceaușescu (1967–1989) |
| 8 June 1973 | Saudi Arabia – King Faisal (1964–1975) |
| 1 October 1973 | France – President Georges Pompidou (1969–1974) |
| 23 October 1973 | Netherlands – Queen Juliana (1948–1980) |
| Netherlands – Prince Bernhard (1948–1980) | |
| 26 October 1973 | Luxembourg – Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000) |
| 21 November 1973 | Gabon – President Omar Bongo (1967–2009) |
| 8 February 1974 | Mexico – President Luis Echeverría (1970–1976) |
| 22 April 1974 | Oman – Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said (1970–2020) |
| 15 December 1974 | Iran – Prince Reza Pahlavi |
| Iran – Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi (1961–1979) | |
| 6 April 1976 | – President Anwar Sadat (1970–1981) |
| 17 November 1976 | – President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974–1979; 1989–1993) |
| 8 November 1977 | Denmark – Queen Margrethe II (1972–incumbent) |
| 29 April 1978 | Turkey – President Fahri Koruturk (1973–1980) |
- Presidency of Sandro Pertini (9 July 1978 – 29 June 1985):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 18 September 1979 | Germany – President Karl Carstens (1979–1984) |
| 14 May 1980 | Portugal – President António Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986) |
| 26 May 1980 | – King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014) |
| 18 November 1980 | Greece – President Konstantinos Karamanlis (1980–1985; 1990–1995) |
| 17 December 1980 | Yugoslavia – President Cvijetin Mijatović (1980–1981) |
| 30 March 1981 | Mexico – President José López Portillo (1976–1982) |
| Costa Rica – President Rodrigo Carazo Odio (1978–1982) | |
| 1 April 1981 | Colombia – President Julio César Turbay Ayala (1978–1982) |
| 14 October 1981 | Mozambique – President Samora Machel (1975–1986) |
| 30 January 1982 | – President Hosni Moubarak (1981–2011) |
| 9 March 1982 | Japan – Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989) |
| 5 July 1982 | France – President François Mitterrand (1981–1995) |
| 26 November 1983 | Jordan – King Hussein (1952–1999) |
| 20 June 1984 | Costa Rica – President Luis Alberto Monge (1982–1986) |
| 11 March 1985 | Argentina – President Raúl Alfonsín (1983–1989) |
| 27 March 1985 | Netherlands – Queen Beatrix (1980–2013) |
| Netherlands – Prince Claus (1980–2002) |
- Presidency of Francesco Cossiga (3 July 1985 – 28 April 1992):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 24 April 1986 | Germany – President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–1994) |
| 25 July 1986 | Ireland – President Patrick John Hillery (1976–1990) |
| 5 October 1987 | Iceland – President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996) |
| 6 June 1988 | – President Jaime Lusinchi (1984–1989) |
| 16 June 1988 | Philippines – President Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) |
| 5 April 1989 | Portugal – President Mario Soares (1986–1996) |
| 12 May 1989 | Poland – President Wojciech Jaruzelski (1989–1990) |
| 22 May 1990 | Sovereign Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Andrew Bertie (1988–1998) |
| 11 June 1990 | San Marino – Captain Regent Ottaviano Rossi (1990) |
| San Marino – Captain Regent Aldemiro Bartolini (1990) | |
| 8 April 1991 | Sweden – King Carl XVI Gustav (1973–incumbent) |
| 17 April 1991 | Chile – President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994) |
| 15 July 1991 | Hungary – President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000) |
| 18 September 1991 | Malta – President Censu Tabone (1989–1994) |
| 19 December 1991 | Russia – President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999) |
| 28 April 1992 | Italy – President Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992) self-awarded |
- Presidency of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (25 May 1992 – 15 May 1999):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 5 October 1992 | Argentina – President Carlos Menem (1989–1999) |
| 27 January 1993 | Austria – President Thomas Klestil (1992–2004) |
| 14 September 1993 | Finland – President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994) |
| 3 May 1995 | Ukraine – President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) |
| 24 June 1995 | Brazil – President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002) |
| 29 June 1995 | – President Rafael Caldera (1994–1999) |
| 19 July 1995 | Chile – President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994–2000) |
| 21 July 1995 | Uruguay – President Julio María Sanguinetti (1985–1990; 1995–2000) |
| 16 November 1995 | Malta – President Ugo Mifsud Bonnici (1994–1999) |
| 26 March 1996 | Mexico – President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000) |
| 23 April 1996 | Albania – President Sali Berisha (1992–1997) |
| 28 May 1996 | Poland – President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995–2005) |
| 7 October 1996 | Turkey – President Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000) |
| 28 January 1997 | Finland – President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000) |
| 20 April 1997 | Germany – President Roman Herzog (1994–1999) |
| 2 May 1997 | Uzbekistan – President Islam Karimov (1991–2016) |
| 4 May 1997 | Kazakhstan – President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1990–2019) |
| 20 May 1997 | Lithuania – President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998) |
| 21 May 1997 | Latvia – President Guntis Ulmanis (1993–1999) |
| 22 May 1997 | Estonia – President Lennart Meri (1992–2001) |
| 19 July 1997 | Saudi Arabia – King Fahd (1982–2005) |
| 5 November 1997 | Lebanon – President Elias Hrawi (1989–1998) |
| 13 November 1997 | Slovakia – President Michal Kovac (1993–1998) |
| 3 March 1998 | San Marino – Captain Regent Marino Zanotti (1998) |
| San Marino – Captain Regent Luigi Mazza (1998) | |
| 12 April 1998 | Japan – Emperor Akihito (1989–2019) |
| 12 May 1998 | Belgium – King Albert II (1993–2013) |
| 19 January 1999 | Dominican Republic – President Leonel Fernández (1996–2000; 2008–2012) |
| 19 February 1999 | Palestine – President Yasser Arafat (1994–2004) |
| 23 February 1999 | Lithuania – President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003; 2004–2009) |
- Presidency of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (18 May 1999 – 15 May 2006):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 21 October 1999 | France – President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) |
| 15 November 1999 | Algeria – President Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1999–2019) |
| 2 March 2000 | South Korea – President Kim Dae-Jung (1998–2003) |
| 3 March 2000 | Chile – President Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006) |
| 11 April 2000 | Morocco – King Mohammed VI (1999–incumbent) |
| 26 April 2000 | Qatar – Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) |
| 23 January 2001 | Greece – President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos (1995–2005) |
| 9 February 2001 | Jordan – King Abdullah II (1999–incumbent) |
| 7 March 2001 | Argentina – President Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001) |
| Uruguay – President Jorge Batlle (2000–2005) | |
| 19 October 2001 | Norway – King Harald V (1991–incumbent) |
| 27 November 2001 | Portugal – President Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006) |
| 14 January 2002 | Serbia and Montenegro – President Vojislav Koštunica (2000–2003) |
| 6 March 2002 | South Africa – President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008) |
| 11 March 2002 | San Marino – Captain Regent Gino Giovagnoli (2002) |
| San Marino – Captain Regent Alberto Cecchetti (2002) | |
| 22 March 2002 | Germany – President Johannes Rau (1999–2004) |
| 27 March 2002 | Czech Republic – President Vaclav Havel (1993–2003) |
| 17 June 2002 | Hungary – President Ferenc Mádl (2000–2005) |
| 28 June 2002 | Slovakia – President Rudolf Schuster (1999–2004) |
| 4 December 2002 | Peru – President Alejandro Toledo (2001–2006) |
| 14 March 2003 | Luxembourg – Grand Duke Henri (2000–incumbent) |
| 9 June 2003 | Malaysia – King Sirajuddin of Perlis (2001–2006) |
| 16 January 2004 | Malta – President Guido de Marco (1999–2004) |
| 8 April 2004 | Latvia – President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007) |
| Estonia – President Arnold Rüütel (2001–2006) | |
| 5 April 2005 | Bulgaria – President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012) |
| 11 May 2005 | Malta – President Edward Fenech Adami (2004–2009) |
| 12 December 2005 | Monaco – Prince Albert II (2005–incumbent) |
| 18 January 2006 | Greece – President Karolos Papoulias (2005–2015) |
| 15 March 2006 | Germany – President Horst Köhler (2004–2010) |
- Presidency of Giorgio Napolitano (15 May 2006 – 14 January 2015):[5]
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 11 October 2006 | Ghana – President John Agyekum Kufour (2001–2009)[6] |
| 20 February 2007 | Slovakia – President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)[7] |
| 8 June 2007 | Austria – President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)[8] |
| 9 October 2007 | Chile – President Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010; 2014–2018)[9] |
| 30 October 2007 | Saudi Arabia – King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud (2005–2015)[10] |
| 1 September 2008 | Finland – President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)[11] |
| 14 October 2008 | Lebanon – President Michel Suleiman (2008–2014)[12] |
| 27 October 2008 | Sovereign Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing (2008–2017)[13] |
| 2 September 2009 | South Korea – President Lee Myung-bak (2008–2013)[14] |
| 30 October 2009 | Turkey – President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014)[15] |
| 11 March 2010 | Syria – Revoked by the President of the Republic on 28 September 2012 for "indignity"[17] |
| 25 April 2010 | Malta – President George Abela (2009–2014)[18] |
| 26 April 2010 | Kuwait – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020)[19] |
| 11 January 2011 | Slovenia – President Danilo Türk (2007–2012)[20] |
| 6 July 2011 | Croatia – President Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)[21] |
| 7 September 2011 | Romania – President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)[22] |
| 10 June 2012 | Poland – President Bronisław Komorowski (2010–2015)[23] |
| 15 November 2012 | France – President François Hollande (2012–2017)[24] |
| 20 February 2013 | Germany – President Joachim Gauck (2012–2017)[25] |
| 4 March 2014 | Albania – President Bujar Nishani (2012–2017)[26] |
| 5 May 2014 | Slovenia – President Borut Pahor (2012–2022)[27] |
| 4 June 2014 | San Marino – Captain Regent Luca Beccari (2014) |
| San Marino – Captain Regent Valeria Ciavatta (2014)[28][29] |
- Presidency of Sergio Mattarella (3 February 2015–incumbent):
| Date | Recipient |
|---|---|
| 23 November 2015 | Greece – President Prokopis Pavlopoulos (2015–2020)[30] |
| 11 March 2016 | Cameroon – President Paul Biya (1982–incumbent)[31] |
| 30 May 2016 | Romania – President Klaus Iohannis (2014–incumbent)[32] |
| 21 June 2016 | Mexico – President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)[33] |
| 4 August 2016 | Bulgaria – President Rosen Plevneliev (2012–2017)[34] |
| 23 January 2017 | Tunisia – President Beji Caid Essebsi (2014–2019)[35] |
| 2 May 2017 | Argentina – President Mauricio Macri (2015–2019)[36] |
| 19 June 2017 | Netherlands – King Willem-Alexander (2013–incumbent)[37] |
| 7 September 2017 | Malta – President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca (2014–2019)[38] |
| 18 September 2017 | Finland – President Sauli Niinistö (2012–incumbent)[39] |
| 29 November 2017 | Portugal – President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (2016–incumbent)[40] |
| 5 June 2018 | Estonia – President Kersti Kaljulaid (2016–2021)[41] |
| 22 June 2018 | Lithuania – President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009–2019)[42] |
| 26 June 2018 | Latvia – President Raimonds Vējonis (2015–2019)[43] |
| 12 July 2018 | Azerbaijan – President Ilham Aliyev (2003–incumbent)[44] |
| 25 July 2018 | Armenia – President Armen Sarkissian (2018–2022)[45] |
| 27 June 2019 | Austria – President Alexander Van der Bellen (2017–incumbent)[46] |
| 17 September 2019 | Germany – President Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2017–incumbent)[47] |
| 6 October 2020 | Greece – President Katerina Sakellaropoulou (2020–incumbent)[48] |
| 16 June 2021 | San Marino – Captain Regent Marco Nicolini (2021) |
| San Marino – Captain Regent Gian Carlo Venturini (2021)[49][50] | |
| 1 July 2021 | France – President Emmanuel Macron (2017–incumbent)[51] |
| 25 October 2021 | Spain – King Felipe VI (2014–incumbent)[52] |
| Belgium – King Philippe (2013–incumbent)[53] | |
| 3 November 2021 | Algeria – President Abdelmadjid Tebboune (2019–incumbent)[54] |
| 1 June 2022 | Georgia – President Salome Zourabichvili (2018–incumbent)[55] |
Gallery
Comparison of the pre-2001 (at left) and the post-2001 (at right) badges of the Order
All grades of the Order (pre-2001)
Five grades of the Order
The pre-2001 grades of the Order
Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer and Grand Cross grades
Knights and Officer Classes of the Order
Knight 5th Class and Officer 4th Class grades
Sets of the Knight and Officer classes
Commander 3rd Class of the Order
Commander set in case
3rd Class set of the Order
Bestowal document of a Grand Officer grade with the insignia
Grand Officer set of insignia with the bestowal document
Grand Cross set of insignia
The Grand Cross grade of the Order in case of issue
Collar of the Order (since 2001)
Wearer's guide for each grade (1951–2001)
Wearer's guide for each grade (since 2001)
See also
Notes
- ^ Today, these continue merely as dynastic orders of the former Royal House of Savoy. Whilst their bestowal is suppressed by law in Italy, the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted, exclusive of any right of precedence in official ceremonies.[3]
References
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. World Orders of Knighthood and Merit (pp. 1233–4). Buckingham: Burke's Peerage and Gentry, 2006.
- ^ The linguist: Journal of the Institute of Linguists, Volumes 42–44 Institute of Linguists (Great Britain). Institute of Linguists, 2003, pg. 121
- ^ LEGGE 3 marzo 1951, n. 178 Istituzione dell'Ordine "Al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" e disciplina del conferimento e dell'uso delle onorificenze (Gazzetta Ufficiale 30 marzo 1951, n. 73)
- ^ By Decree of the President of the Republic No. 173 of 30 March 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". President of Italy.
- ^ Italian Presidency website, KUFUOR John Agyekum Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, GASPAROVIC Ivan Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, FISCHER Heinz Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, BACHELET JERIA Verónica Michelle decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, BIN ABDUL AZIZ AL SAUD Abdallah decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, HALONEN Tarja Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, SLEIMAN Michel Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, FESTING Matthew Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, LEE Myung-bak Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Abdullah Gul – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Al-Assad S.E. Bashar Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ ATTO CAMERA INTERROGAZIONE A RISPOSTA SCRITTA 4/17085 Banchedati.camera.it (in Italian)
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. George Abela – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, AL-AHMAD AL-JABER AL-SABAH Sabah Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Danilo Türk – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Ivo Josipovic – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Traian Basescu – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bronislaw Komorowski – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. François Hollande – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Gauck S.E. Joachim – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bujar Nishani – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Pahor S.E. Borut - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Beccari S.E. Luca - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Ciavatta S.E. Valeria - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". www.quirinale.it.
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Biya S.E. Paul - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Iohannis S.E. Klaus Werner - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Peña Nieto S.E. Enrique - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Plevneliev S.E. Rosen - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Essebsi S.E. Sig. Béji Caïd - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Macri S.E. Mauricio - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Willem Alexander Claus George van Oranje-Nassau – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Coleiro Preca S.E. Marie-Louise - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Niinistö S.E. Sauli - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,S.E. Marcelo Nuno Duarte – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Kalijulaid S.E. la Signora Kersti Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Grybauskaitè Sig.ra Dalia Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Vejonis S.E. Sig. Raimonds Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Aliyev S.E. Ilham Heydar Oglu Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Sarkissian S.E. Sig. Armen Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Van der Bellen S.E. Sig. Alexander Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Steinmeier S.E. Frank-Walter - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Sakellaropoulou S.E. Katerina - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Nicolini S.E. Marco - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Venturini S.E. Gian Carlo - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Macron S.E.Emmanuel - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Felipe VI Re di Spagna - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Filippo Re dei Belgi - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Tebboune S.E. Abdelmadjid - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Zourabichvili S.E. Salome - Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
- Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana – Presidenza della Repubblica (in Italian)
- Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia (in Italian)