fbpx
Wikipedia

Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

January 21, 2023

This article is about the dynastic chivalric order established in 1572. For the history of the medieval Catholic military order, see Order of Saint Lazarus. For the National Infantry Association award in the United States, see Order of Saint Maurice (United States).

The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italian: Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the world, tracing its lineage to AD 1098, and it is one of the rare orders of knighthood recognized by papal bull, in this case by Pope Gregory XIII.[1] In that bull, Pope Gregory XIII bestowed upon Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy and his Savoy successors, the right to confer this knighthood in perpetuity. The Grand Master is, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, also known as the Duke of Savoy, the eldest son of the last King of Italy, Umberto II of Italy. However Vittorio Emanuele's cousin once removed Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta claims to be grand master as his father claimed to be head of the house of Savoy.

Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Grand Cross insignia of the Order
Awarded by House of Savoy
TypeDynastic order of chivalry
Established16 September 1572
(Order of Saint Maurice: 1434)
(Order of Saint Lazarus: 1119)
Royal houseHouse of Savoy
Religious affiliationCatholic
MottoFERT
EligibilityMilitary, civilian
Awarded forDistinguished merits
StatusCurrently constituted
Grand Master(Disputed)
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta
Chairman of the CouncilPrince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice (according to the Victorian side of the dynastical dispute)
GradesGrand Cordon, Special Class
Grand Cordon
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Knight/Dame
Websiteordinidinasticicasasavoia.it
Statistics
Total inducteesCirca 2,000
Precedence
Next (higher)Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
Next (lower)Royal Order of the Crown

Ribbon bar

The order was formerly awarded by the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) with the heads of the House of Savoy as the Kings of Italy. Originally a chivalric order of noble nature, it was restricted to subjects of noble families with proofs of at least eight noble great-grandparents. The order's military and noble nature was and is still combined with a Roman Catholic character.

After the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the Italian Republic in 1946, the legacy of the order is maintained by the pretenders of the House of Savoy and the Italian throne in exile.

The order is estimated to include about 2,000 members around the world, with about 200 in the United States. The Order also has roster consultative status with the United Nations, as part of the U.N.'s ECOSOC.[2]

History

 
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (1528–1580), founder and first Grand Master of the combined Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in recognition by Pope Gregory XIII.

The undisputed continuation of the Order of St. Lazarus is in the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, which continues under the pretenders to the Italian Crown.

— Michael Foster[3]

Both crosses from its two forerunners still exist in the insignia of their subsequent successor, today's Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, founded by amalgation in 1572.

Order of Saint Lazarus (1119)

Main article: Order of Saint Lazarus

The Order of Saint Lazarus, founded c. 1119, can be traced to the establishment around 1100, of a hospital for leprosy in Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem, by a group of crusaders who called themselves "Brothers of Saint Lazarus".[4] Those knights protected Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. From its inception, the order was concerned with the relief of leprosy and other illnesses, and many of its members were lepers who had been knights in other orders. It became rich, its practices dubious, and its funds eventually abused. With the fall of Acre in 1291, the Knights of Saint Lazarus emigrated from the Holy Land and Egypt and settled in France and, in 1311, in Naples. In the 16th century, the order declined in credibility and wealth. With papal support, the Duke of Savoy became Grand Master in 1572. During medieval times, the Order of Saint Lazarus maintained a number of hospitals, including an institution in the Italian city of Capua.

Order of Saint Maurice (1434)

"Order of Saint Maurice" redirects here. For the US Army award, see Order of Saint Maurice (United States).

The Order of Saint Maurice was established in 1434 by Amedeo VIII of Savoy, during his stay in the Ripaglia hermitage near Thonon, named after Saint Maurice of the Theban Legion. From its beginning, it was a military order.[4] The order declined, but in 1572 was reestablished by Pope Pius V at the instigation of the then-Duke of Savoy.

Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572)

 
King and Grand Master Charles Felix of Sardinia in ceremonial robe of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
 
King Charles Albert of Sardinia in ceremonial robe.

In 1572, Pope Gregory XIII united the Order of Saint Lazarus in perpetuity with the Crown of Savoy. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, merged it with the Savoyan Order of Saint Maurice, and thenceforth the title of Grand Master of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was hereditary in that house. The pope gave him authority over the vacant commanderies everywhere, except in the states of the King of Spain, which included the greater part of Italy. In England and Germany, these commanderies were suppressed by the Protestant reformation.

The new organization was charged to defend the Holy See and Italian shores, as well as continue to assist the sick. The war galleys of the order fought against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary pirates with the United States Marine Corps. When leprosy again broke out, the order founded a hospital in Aosta in 1773.

Kingdom Italy (1861–1946)

 
King and Grand Master Umberto II of Italy visiting Cairo, Egypt.

With the Italian unification (1860-1871), the order became a de facto Italian state order for military and civilian merits, consisting of five classes: Knight Grand Cross, Knight Grand Officer, Knight Commander, Knight Officer and Knight.

The formerly related Maurician medal for Military Merit of fifty years, established in 1839, was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian republic, becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954.[5]

Brought back in favour by King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, the order was sparingly conferred for distinguished service in military and civilian affairs as an exclusive award compared with the more common Order of the Crown of Italy.[4]

Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile (1946-)

After Italy became a republic in 1946, the order was effectively replaced by the government's Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Since 1951 it has not been officially recognized by the Italian republic, but remains recognized by most other jurisdictions, particularly those with extant royal houses.

Organisation

 
Great coat of arms of the royal family of Italy, including the insignia of the order.
 
Insignia of the grades.
 
Insignia of the order.
 
Insignia of a Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
 
Basilica Mauriziana in Turin, Italy, associated with the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

The House of Savoy in exile continues to bestow the order on recipients eminent in the public service, science, art, letters, trade, and charitable works. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms.[6] Eventually, it became a requirement for a person to have already received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus before receiving the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation.

The generally accepted Grand Master of the order is Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, the current head of the House of Savoy. However, some of Vittorio Emanule's policies as Grand Master have generated controversy.

In 2006, Vittorio Emanuele's third cousin, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (b. 1943), declared himself head of the Savoy dynasty and thus Sovereign de jure, but no one has recognized that claim.

Grades

According to the Statutes, the Order is divided into five classes for the Knights (male members):[7]

  • Knight Grand Cordon, who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip and the badge as well as star are worn on the left side;
  • Grand Officer, who wear a necklet plus the star on the left chest;
  • Commander, who wear a necklet;
  • Officer, who wear a medal in Gold on the left side of the chest;
  • Knight, who wear a smaller Medal in Silver on the left side of the chest.

For female members the Order is divided into in three classes:

  • Dame Grand Cordon, wearing a sash similar to that of their male counterparts
  • Dame Commander, who wear on a necklet. During daydress: wear a bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest. During evening wear: bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest)
  • Dame, who wear a smaller necklet; During daydress and evening wear: bow formed medal worn on the left side of the chest

Special Class of the Order:

  • Knight Grand Cordon, Special Class, For the Grand Master of the Order; who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip, the badge as well as star which is worn on the left side of the stomach are in Brilliants

Insignia

  • The badge of the order is in gilt, consists of a white-enameled cross bottony of the Order of Saint Maurice, with a green-enameled Maltese Cross, the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus, placed in saltire between the arms of the cross botonny. The badge of each class except that of Knight and Dame is topped by a gilt crown.
  • The star of the Order is a silver faceted star, with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer, and with the badge (minus the crown) superimposed upon it.
  • The breast cross for the Commander "jus patronato" class is identical to the badge, minus the crown.
  • The ribbon of the Order is apple green, with slight variations for the several classes:
Ribbon Class (English) Full title in Italian
  1st Class / Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
  2nd Class / Commander First Class (from 1865 Grand Officer) Commendatore di prima classe (dal 1865 Grande Ufficiale) dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
  3rd Class / Commander Commendatore dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
  4th Class / Officer Ufficiale dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
  5th Class / Knight Cavaliere dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
  Maurizian Medal (not members of the order) Medaglia Mauriziana pel Merito Militare di dieci lustri

List of Grand Masters

  1. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (1572-1580)
  2. Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (1580-1630)
  3. Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (1630-1637)
  4. Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (1637-1638)
  5. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638-1675)
  6. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (1675-1731)
  7. Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (1732-1773)
  8. Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (1773-1796)
  9. Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (1796-1802)
  10. Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (1802-1824)
  11. Charles Felix of Sardinia (1824-1831)
  12. Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-1849)
  13. Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1849-1878)
  14. Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900)
  15. Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1900-1946)
  16. Umberto II of Italy (1946-1983)
  17. Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples (1983-) (contested by Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta 2021-)

The council[8]

The council is responsible for running the order, the order focuses mainly on charitable acts.

The Junta [9]

The Junta is responsible for voting in new Knight or Dame to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new Knight or Dame.

  • HSH Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps – President
  • Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini – Secretary
  • Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada
  • Gualtiero Ventura
  • Federico Pizzi

Recipients in selection

 
Portrait d'un gonfalonier (1622) painted by Artemisia Gentileschi, carrying the cross on the breast and the ribbon around the chest.
 
General Giovanni Battista Cacherano di Bricherasio, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
See also: Category:Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Monarchs

Military

Politics

Culture

Priests

Sciences

Philanthropy

Recipients (amongst others)[23]

See also

References

  • Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders Of The Storm Troops Volume 1. England: Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-909982-87-1.

Notes

  1. ^ https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/2230/1/OSL_121.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ "About Savoy Foundation".
  3. ^ "Orders connected to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem". www.orderstjohn.org.
  4. ^ a b c "ITALY". www.haileybury.com.
  5. ^ Established by Royal Magistral Patent dated 19 July 1839, approved by Royal Decree of 21 December 1924 and renewed by Law No. 203(1) of 7 March 1954 Medaglia Mauriziana al Merito di dieci lustri di carriera militare, published in Gazzetta Ufficiale, No. 116, 21 May 1954, as amended by Law No. 1327 of 8 November 1956
  6. ^ Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d'Italia 2006-05-07 at the Wayback Machine Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)
  7. ^ Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro Statuto - website of the Grand Magisterium of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy
  8. ^ Cavicchioli, Silvia (2002-11-01). "Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815". Italies (6): 117–143. doi:10.4000/italies.1563. ISSN 1275-7519.
  9. ^ Cavicchioli, Silvia (2002-11-01). "Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815". Italies (6): 117–143. doi:10.4000/italies.1563. ISSN 1275-7519.
  10. ^ Senato della Repubblica: biographical summary
  11. ^ Head, William Pace (1995). Every Inch a Soldier: Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of U.S. Airpower Volume 37 of Texas A & M University military history series. Texas A&M University Press, 1995: Issue 37, p. 75 ISBN 0890965900, 9780890965900 https://books.google.com/books?id=5utyzXwyh1MC&pg=PA75&dq=italian+order+of+st.+maurice+and+st.+lazarus+%22mason+patrick%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji4JmHj7LjAhUVV80KHb7XCDQQ6AEILTAA#v=onepage&q=italian%20order%20of%20st.%20maurice%20and%20st.%20lazarus%20%22mason%20patrick%22&f=false Retrieved November 2, 2012.
  12. ^ "Gen. Evan M. Johnson". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, PA. October 14, 1923. p. B25 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-57197-088-6.
  14. ^ "Wins Medal While Serving in Adriatic Sea". The Honolulu Advertiser. 1938-04-11. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-08-21 – via Newspapers.com. 
  15. ^ Miller 2015, p. 452.
  16. ^ Collezione delle Leggi e de'Decreti Reali del Regno delle Due Sicilie, Stamperia reale, 1846, p.85
  17. ^ Papel Periódico Ilustrado Volúmen 1 año I Número 1 al 14 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Latest intelligence - The King of Italy in Berlin". The Times. No. 36859. London. 29 August 1902. p. 3.
  19. ^ Lab, Missouri Historical Society. "Missouri Historical Society - Find Yourself Here". The Missouri Historical Society is ... Missouri Historical Society and was founded in 1866.
  20. ^ "Events: 2001". House of Savoy. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  21. ^ "Tricolore 10 Febbraio, 2006" (PDF). Tricolore of Italy reporting on the Ballo di Savoia. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  22. ^ Ruffy, G., ed. (1924). Qui êtes-vous? Annuaire des contemporains: notices biographiques. 1908-1908/10, 1924. Paris: Librairie Delagrave. p. 741.
  23. ^ "Zoppi, Count Vittorio, (23 Feb. 1898–6 May 1967), Knight Grand Cross Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2022-09-20

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
  • Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy
  • American Delegation of Savoy Orders
  • The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (by Louis Mendola)

January 21, 2023
order, saints, maurice, lazarus, this, article, about, dynastic, chivalric, order, established, 1572, history, medieval, catholic, military, order, order, saint, lazarus, national, infantry, association, award, united, states, order, saint, maurice, united, st. This article is about the dynastic chivalric order established in 1572 For the history of the medieval Catholic military order see Order of Saint Lazarus For the National Infantry Association award in the United States see Order of Saint Maurice United States The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Italian Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro abbreviated OSSML is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy It is the second oldest order of knighthood in the world tracing its lineage to AD 1098 and it is one of the rare orders of knighthood recognized by papal bull in this case by Pope Gregory XIII 1 In that bull Pope Gregory XIII bestowed upon Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy and his Savoy successors the right to confer this knighthood in perpetuity The Grand Master is Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples also known as the Duke of Savoy the eldest son of the last King of Italy Umberto II of Italy However Vittorio Emanuele s cousin once removed Prince Aimone Duke of Aosta claims to be grand master as his father claimed to be head of the house of Savoy Order of Saints Maurice and LazarusGrand Cross insignia of the OrderAwarded by House of SavoyTypeDynastic order of chivalryEstablished16 September 1572 Order of Saint Maurice 1434 Order of Saint Lazarus 1119 Royal houseHouse of SavoyReligious affiliationCatholicMottoFERTEligibilityMilitary civilianAwarded forDistinguished meritsStatusCurrently constitutedGrand Master Disputed Vittorio Emanuele Prince of NaplesPrince Aimone Duke of AostaChairman of the CouncilPrince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy Prince of Venice according to the Victorian side of the dynastical dispute GradesGrand Cordon Special Class Grand Cordon Grand Officer Commander Officer Knight DameWebsiteordinidinasticicasasavoia itStatisticsTotal inducteesCirca 2 000PrecedenceNext higher Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy AnnunciationNext lower Royal Order of the CrownRibbon barThe order was formerly awarded by the Kingdom of Italy 1861 1946 with the heads of the House of Savoy as the Kings of Italy Originally a chivalric order of noble nature it was restricted to subjects of noble families with proofs of at least eight noble great grandparents The order s military and noble nature was and is still combined with a Roman Catholic character After the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the Italian Republic in 1946 the legacy of the order is maintained by the pretenders of the House of Savoy and the Italian throne in exile The order is estimated to include about 2 000 members around the world with about 200 in the United States The Order also has roster consultative status with the United Nations as part of the U N s ECOSOC 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Order of Saint Lazarus 1119 1 2 Order of Saint Maurice 1434 1 3 Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1572 1 3 1 Kingdom Italy 1861 1946 1 3 2 Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile 1946 2 Organisation 2 1 Grades 3 Insignia 4 List of Grand Masters 5 The council 8 6 The Junta 9 7 Recipients in selection 7 1 Monarchs 7 2 Military 7 3 Politics 7 4 Culture 7 5 Priests 7 6 Sciences 7 7 Philanthropy 8 Recipients amongst others 23 9 See also 10 References 11 Notes 12 External linksHistory Edit Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy 1528 1580 founder and first Grand Master of the combined Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in recognition by Pope Gregory XIII The undisputed continuation of the Order of St Lazarus is in the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus which continues under the pretenders to the Italian Crown Michael Foster 3 Both crosses from its two forerunners still exist in the insignia of their subsequent successor today s Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus founded by amalgation in 1572 The green enameled Maltese Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus founded c 1119 The white enameled cross bottony of the Order of Saint Maurice founded in 1434 Combined Maltese Cross and cross bottony of the Order of Saints Maurice and LazarusOrder of Saint Lazarus 1119 Edit Main article Order of Saint Lazarus The Order of Saint Lazarus founded c 1119 can be traced to the establishment around 1100 of a hospital for leprosy in Jerusalem Kingdom of Jerusalem by a group of crusaders who called themselves Brothers of Saint Lazarus 4 Those knights protected Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land From its inception the order was concerned with the relief of leprosy and other illnesses and many of its members were lepers who had been knights in other orders It became rich its practices dubious and its funds eventually abused With the fall of Acre in 1291 the Knights of Saint Lazarus emigrated from the Holy Land and Egypt and settled in France and in 1311 in Naples In the 16th century the order declined in credibility and wealth With papal support the Duke of Savoy became Grand Master in 1572 During medieval times the Order of Saint Lazarus maintained a number of hospitals including an institution in the Italian city of Capua Order of Saint Maurice 1434 Edit Order of Saint Maurice redirects here For the US Army award see Order of Saint Maurice United States The Order of Saint Maurice was established in 1434 by Amedeo VIII of Savoy during his stay in the Ripaglia hermitage near Thonon named after Saint Maurice of the Theban Legion From its beginning it was a military order 4 The order declined but in 1572 was reestablished by Pope Pius V at the instigation of the then Duke of Savoy Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1572 Edit King and Grand Master Charles Felix of Sardinia in ceremonial robe of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus King Charles Albert of Sardinia in ceremonial robe In 1572 Pope Gregory XIII united the Order of Saint Lazarus in perpetuity with the Crown of Savoy Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy merged it with the Savoyan Order of Saint Maurice and thenceforth the title of Grand Master of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was hereditary in that house The pope gave him authority over the vacant commanderies everywhere except in the states of the King of Spain which included the greater part of Italy In England and Germany these commanderies were suppressed by the Protestant reformation The new organization was charged to defend the Holy See and Italian shores as well as continue to assist the sick The war galleys of the order fought against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary pirates with the United States Marine Corps When leprosy again broke out the order founded a hospital in Aosta in 1773 Kingdom Italy 1861 1946 Edit King and Grand Master Umberto II of Italy visiting Cairo Egypt With the Italian unification 1860 1871 the order became a de facto Italian state order for military and civilian merits consisting of five classes Knight Grand Cross Knight Grand Officer Knight Commander Knight Officer and Knight The formerly related Maurician medal for Military Merit of fifty years established in 1839 was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian republic becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954 5 Brought back in favour by King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy the order was sparingly conferred for distinguished service in military and civilian affairs as an exclusive award compared with the more common Order of the Crown of Italy 4 Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile 1946 Edit After Italy became a republic in 1946 the order was effectively replaced by the government s Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Since 1951 it has not been officially recognized by the Italian republic but remains recognized by most other jurisdictions particularly those with extant royal houses Organisation Edit Great coat of arms of the royal family of Italy including the insignia of the order Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples right and his third cousin Prince Amedeo Duke of Aosta b 1943 left Insignia of the grades Insignia of the order Insignia of a Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Basilica Mauriziana in Turin Italy associated with the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus The House of Savoy in exile continues to bestow the order on recipients eminent in the public service science art letters trade and charitable works While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms 6 Eventually it became a requirement for a person to have already received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus before receiving the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The generally accepted Grand Master of the order is Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples the current head of the House of Savoy However some of Vittorio Emanule s policies as Grand Master have generated controversy In 2006 Vittorio Emanuele s third cousin Prince Amedeo Duke of Aosta b 1943 declared himself head of the Savoy dynasty and thus Sovereign de jure but no one has recognized that claim Grades Edit According to the Statutes the Order is divided into five classes for the Knights male members 7 Knight Grand Cordon who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip and the badge as well as star are worn on the left side Grand Officer who wear a necklet plus the star on the left chest Commander who wear a necklet Officer who wear a medal in Gold on the left side of the chest Knight who wear a smaller Medal in Silver on the left side of the chest For female members the Order is divided into in three classes Dame Grand Cordon wearing a sash similar to that of their male counterparts Dame Commander who wear on a necklet During daydress wear a bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest During evening wear bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest Dame who wear a smaller necklet During daydress and evening wear bow formed medal worn on the left side of the chestSpecial Class of the Order Knight Grand Cordon Special Class For the Grand Master of the Order who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip the badge as well as star which is worn on the left side of the stomach are in BrilliantsInsignia EditThe badge of the order is in gilt consists of a white enameled cross bottony of the Order of Saint Maurice with a green enameled Maltese Cross the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus placed in saltire between the arms of the cross botonny The badge of each class except that of Knight and Dame is topped by a gilt crown The star of the Order is a silver faceted star with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer and with the badge minus the crown superimposed upon it The breast cross for the Commander jus patronato class is identical to the badge minus the crown The ribbon of the Order is apple green with slight variations for the several classes Ribbon Class English Full title in Italian 1st Class Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro 2nd Class Commander First Class from 1865 Grand Officer Commendatore di prima classe dal 1865 Grande Ufficiale dell Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro 3rd Class Commander Commendatore dell Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro 4th Class Officer Ufficiale dell Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro 5th Class Knight Cavaliere dell Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro Maurizian Medal not members of the order Medaglia Mauriziana pel Merito Militare di dieci lustriList of Grand Masters EditEmmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy 1572 1580 Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy 1580 1630 Victor Amadeus I Duke of Savoy 1630 1637 Francis Hyacinth Duke of Savoy 1637 1638 Charles Emmanuel II Duke of Savoy 1638 1675 Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 1675 1731 Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia 1732 1773 Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia 1773 1796 Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia 1796 1802 Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia 1802 1824 Charles Felix of Sardinia 1824 1831 Charles Albert of Sardinia 1831 1849 Victor Emmanuel II of Italy 1849 1878 Umberto I of Italy 1878 1900 Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 1900 1946 Umberto II of Italy 1946 1983 Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples 1983 contested by Prince Aimone Duke of Aosta 2021 The council 8 EditThe council is responsible for running the order the order focuses mainly on charitable acts Chairman Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy Prince of Venice Vice Chairman Antonio d Amelio Grand Chancellor Theo Niederhauser Grand Treasurer Nicolas Gagnebin Grand Prior Monsignor Paolo de Nicolo Grand Master of Ceremonies Prof Alberto Bochicchio HSH Mariano Hugo Windisch Graetz HSH Prince Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps Duke Giancarlo Melzi d Eril dei Duchi di Lodi Count Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero Honorary MemberThe Junta 9 EditThe Junta is responsible for voting in new Knight or Dame to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new Knight or Dame HSH Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps President Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini Secretary Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada Gualtiero Ventura Federico PizziRecipients in selection Edit Portrait d un gonfalonier 1622 painted by Artemisia Gentileschi carrying the cross on the breast and the ribbon around the chest General Giovanni Battista Cacherano di Bricherasio Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Edmond de Selys Longchamps See also Category Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources Monarchs Edit Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria Emperor Wilhelm II of the German Empire Emperor Nicholas II of Russia Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia King Zog I of Albania King George V of the United Kingdom Emperor Mozaffar ad Din Shah Qajar of Persia Prince and Grand Master Andrew Bertie of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta Maharaja Jagatjit Singh Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana Mihailo Obrenovic of Serbia Abbas I of EgyptMilitary Edit General of the Armies John Pershing General of the Army George Marshall Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch Field Marshal Francisco Solano Lopez General Matthew Bunker Ridgway General Francois d Astier de La Vigerie General Tasker H Bliss General Mark W Clark General Ira C Eaker General Peyton C March Admiral Ernesto Burzagli 10 Surgeon Rear Admiral Arthur Skey Major General Ulysses S Grant III Major General Mason Patrick 11 Rear Admiral Richard Byrd Brigadier General Billy Mitchell Naval Captain Emilio Faa di Bruno Flight Commander Douglas Harries SS Obergruppenfuhrer Hans Lammers Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram Brigadier General Evan M Johnson 12 Brigadier General Walter McCaw 13 Charles R Train 14 Politics Edit Diplomat Isaac Artom Tomas Garrigue Masaryk 1921 Enrico d Arienzo Prefect of Caltanisetta 1925 Henri Jaspar Charles de Broqueville Charles Rogier Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps President Porfirio Diaz Dr Hans Frank 26 9 1936 15 Minister of foreign affairs Giustino Fortunato 16 Member of Parliament Cristiana Muscardini Diplomat Jose Maria Quijano Wallis 17 Luigi Count Cibrario Baron Oswald von Richthofen State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire August 1902 during the visit to Germany of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 18 President of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition and Former St Louis Mayor David R Francis 19 Mayor Rudolph Giuliani of New York City 2001 Cavaliere di Gran Croce Motu Proprio 20 Aldo Oviglio Minister of Justice 1922 1925 James Charles Risk of New York City Cavaliere di Gran Croce 21 originally inducted by the last reigning King of Italy Umberto II of Italy Benito Mussolini Prime Minister of Italy and Duce of FascismCulture Edit Architect Carlo RainaldiPriests Edit Pietro Tacchi Venturi Agostino Rivarola Tommaso Reggio Timothy M Dolan Desire Felicien Francois Joseph Mercier Andrea Carlo FerrariSciences Edit Charles Combes Giovanni Miani explorer Giuseppe Peano Joseph Vallot 22 Philanthropy Edit Thomas Hanbury J P MorganRecipients amongst others 23 EditEmanuele Filiberto of Savoy Prince of Venice Knight Grand Cross Clotilde Courau Princess of Venice Princess Vittoria of Savoy Princess of Carignano Marchioness of Ivrea Princess Luisa of Savoy Marina Doria Princess of Naples and Duchess of Savoy Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon Parma Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia Prince Michael of Yugoslavia Prince Sergius of Yugoslavia Princess Helen of Yugoslavia Nicholas Crown Prince of Montenegro Prince Carlo Duke of Castro Mariano Hugo Prince of Windisch Graetz Knight Grand Cross Prince Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps Knight Grand Cross Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini Knight Grand Cross Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada Knight Grand Cross Prof Alberto Bochicchio Knight Grand Cross Count Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero Knight Grand Cross Count Giuseppe Rizzani Knight Grand Cross Rudy Giuliani Knight Grand Cross Giovanni Cheli Knight Grand Cross Duke Giancarlo Melzi d Eril Knight Grand Cross Count Andrea Boezio Bertinotti Alliata Andrea Rivoira Knight Grand Cross Antonio d Amelio Knight Grand Cross Franca Sciaraffia Dame Grand Cross Nicolas Gagnebin Knight Grand Cross Theo Niederhauser Knight Grand Cross Monsignor Paolo de Nicolo Knight Grand Cross Alberto Di Maria Knight Grand Officer Dame Zina Losapio Alessandro Santini Alberico Guerzoni Giovanni Cheli Rudy GiulianiSee also Edit Christianity portal War portal Catholicism portal Italy portalList of Italian orders of knighthood Dynastic order of knighthood Order of Merit of the Italian RepublicReferences EditMiller Michael 2015 Leaders Of The Storm Troops Volume 1 England Helion amp Company ISBN 978 1 909982 87 1 Notes Edit https www um edu mt library oar bitstream 123456789 2230 1 OSL 121 pdf bare URL PDF About Savoy Foundation Orders connected to the Order of St John of Jerusalem www orderstjohn org a b c ITALY www haileybury com Established by Royal Magistral Patent dated 19 July 1839 approved by Royal Decree of 21 December 1924 and renewed by Law No 203 1 of 7 March 1954 Medaglia Mauriziana al Merito di dieci lustri di carriera militare published in Gazzetta Ufficiale No 116 21 May 1954 as amended by Law No 1327 of 8 November 1956 Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d Italia Archived 2006 05 07 at the Wayback Machine Corpo della Nobilta Italiana retrieved 10 September 2009 Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro Statuto website of the Grand Magisterium of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy Cavicchioli Silvia 2002 11 01 Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia I Ferrero della Marmora 1798 1815 Italies 6 117 143 doi 10 4000 italies 1563 ISSN 1275 7519 Cavicchioli Silvia 2002 11 01 Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia I Ferrero della Marmora 1798 1815 Italies 6 117 143 doi 10 4000 italies 1563 ISSN 1275 7519 Senato della Repubblica biographical summary Head William Pace 1995 Every Inch a Soldier Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of U S Airpower Volume 37 of Texas A amp M University military history series Texas A amp M University Press 1995 Issue 37 p 75 ISBN 0890965900 9780890965900 https books google com books id 5utyzXwyh1MC amp pg PA75 amp dq italian order of st maurice and st lazarus 22mason patrick 22 amp hl en amp sa X amp ved 0ahUKEwji4JmHj7LjAhUVV80KHb7XCDQQ6AEILTAA v onepage amp q italian 20order 20of 20st 20maurice 20and 20st 20lazarus 20 22mason 20patrick 22 amp f false Retrieved November 2 2012 Gen Evan M Johnson The Philadelphia Inquirer Philadelphia PA October 14 1923 p B25 via Newspapers com Davis Henry Blaine Jr 1998 Generals in Khaki Raleigh NC Pentland Press p 250 ISBN 978 1 57197 088 6 Wins Medal While Serving in Adriatic Sea The Honolulu Advertiser 1938 04 11 p 15 Retrieved 2022 08 21 via Newspapers com Miller 2015 p 452 Collezione delle Leggi e de Decreti Reali del Regno delle Due Sicilie Stamperia reale 1846 p 85 Papel Periodico Ilustrado Volumen 1 ano I Numero 1 al 14 Archived 2013 12 03 at the Wayback Machine Latest intelligence The King of Italy in Berlin The Times No 36859 London 29 August 1902 p 3 Lab Missouri Historical Society Missouri Historical Society Find Yourself Here The Missouri Historical Society is Missouri Historical Society and was founded in 1866 Events 2001 House of Savoy Retrieved April 1 2009 Tricolore 10 Febbraio 2006 PDF Tricolore of Italy reporting on the Ballo di Savoia Retrieved September 17 2019 Ruffy G ed 1924 Qui etes vous Annuaire des contemporains notices biographiques 1908 1908 10 1924 Paris Librairie Delagrave p 741 Zoppi Count Vittorio 23 Feb 1898 6 May 1967 Knight Grand Cross Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana Who Was Who Oxford University Press 2007 12 01 retrieved 2022 09 20External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy American Delegation of Savoy Orders The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus by Louis Mendola Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus amp oldid 1127432907, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.