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Religious symbolism in U.S. sports team names and mascots

May 03, 2024

Many American sports team names and mascots are based upon or use religious symbolism. The majority are scholastic teams at institutions founded by various denominations of Christianity, both Catholic and Protestant. Saints is the most popular of these names not only at religious schools but public schools. However, the latter are often indirect, the schools being located in places named for saints. The only team name that has become controversial is Crusaders, many having changed in recent years. The term, once associated with protectors of the faith is now also associated with oppression. Many Christian schools use "Knights" as their team names with imagery similar to crusaders, but it is difficult to establish religious symbolism in these cases. There are also a number of teams whose name includes demons or devils, which are mythological creatures from many cultures. However, the devil imagery in sports used by professional sports teams as well as public and non-sectarian schools are an example of the Devil in the arts and popular culture more than religion. There are also a few team identities based upon Norse mythology in popular culture.

Sports mascots and social identity edit

Team names and their associated sports mascots are examples of totems in the social sciences; symbols that serve both social and psychological functions with many implicit meanings.[1][2] The social function is to connect individuals into a community; the psychological function is to symbolize desired qualities with which fans can identify. Mascots are also stereotypes, social constructs which are not always inappropriate when they provide valid, if simplified, perceptions of group differences.[3] Participation in sports either as a player or a fan is a significant determinant of social status for college students, in particular for men.[4] The most popular category of sports mascots are animals, with Eagles (symbolic of America) at the top of the list followed by Tigers, Bulldogs and Panthers (symbolic of aggression). Of religious meanings, only Saints is in the top 100 in popularity with Catholic, Protestant, and public schools represented.[5] However, many Saints teams currently have a St. Bernard dog as their mascot, often portrayed by a costumed performer.

Sectarian schools edit

Catholic colleges and universities edit

 
Holy Cross Crusaders logo

Saints (Catholic) edit

Catholic K-12 schools edit

Crusaders (Catholic) edit

Friars edit

Saints (Catholic K-12) edit

Protestant colleges and universities edit

Name changes edit

Protestant K-12 schools edit

Quakers (Protestant) edit

Saints (Protestant) edit

Other religions edit

Private non-sectarian schools edit

Public schools edit

Colleges and universities edit

Secondary schools edit

Crusaders edit

Deacons edit

Demons/Devils edit

Quakers edit

Saints edit

Valkyries edit

Schools where the boy's teams are Vikings and the girl's teams are Valkyries, mythical figures in Norse mythology

Professional sports teams and franchises edit

Crusader mascot controversy edit

Many Catholic, and some Protestant schools adopted the Crusader for their teams. The University of the Incarnate Word decided in 2004 that its Crusader mascot was inappropriate for its multicultural mission.[23] Corlis McGee, president of Eastern Nazarene College, said, "There's a growing awareness that the connotation of the word has changed, and the Crusader no longer represents the positive message of Christian love we want to share with the world."

Other universities have decided to keep the mascot as a way to honor their histories and constantly remind students to "communicate our desire to bring the good news and cross into every situation we encountered."[24] The remaining college-level Crusaders are Belmont Abbey College (Belmont, North Carolina), Christendom College (Front Royal, Virginia), College of the Holy Cross (Worcester, Massachusetts),[25][26] Madonna University (Livonia, Michigan), and North Greenville University (Tigerville, South Carolina) who changed their mascot from the Mounties to the Crusaders in 2017.[27][28]

Prior Crusaders name changes
School Name City State New Mascot Year Changed Notes
Alvernia University Reading Pennsylvania Golden Wolves 2017 Sr. Madonna Marie Harvath, a member of the Bernardine Sisters stated; "The idea of changing the name has been brewing for quite some time because there was a lot of prejudice and persecution associated with the Crusades, and that's not what Alvernia stands for."[29]
Bushnell University Eugene Oregon Beacons 2020 The change coincided with Northwest Christian University becoming Bushnell.[30]
Capital University Bexley Ohio Comets 2021 Although the change was based upon recognition that the name had become outdated and divisive, there was pushback from alumni.[31]
Clarke University Dubuque Iowa The Pride 2017 [32]
Eastern Nazarene College Quincy Massachusetts Lions 2009 The college president stated that the connotations of crusader have changed over the years to become associated with atrocities.[33]
Evangel University Springfield Missouri Valor 2021 The university president stated; "Today, we recognize that the Crusader often inhibits the ability of students and alumni to proudly represent the university in their areas of global work and ministry."[34]
Northwest Nazarene University Nampa Idaho Nighthawks 2017 [35]
Point Loma Nazarene University Point Loma, San Diego California Sea Lions 2002 [36]
Susquehanna University Selinsgrove Pennsylvania River Hawks 2015 [37]
University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio Texas Cardinals 2004
Valparaiso University Valparaiso Indiana Beacons 2021 [38]
Wheaton College Wheaton Illinois The Thunder 2000 Billy Graham, who called his annual evangelistic campaigns "Crusades", was the most notable alumnus of the school.[39]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Delaney, Tim; Madigan, Tim (February 11, 2009). The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction. McFarland (published 2009). p. 211. ISBN 9780786453153. Retrieved October 28, 2014. The manner in which fans defend their right to hold on to and embrace their cherished symbols of the team reflects a type of totemism. [...] Team logos and mascots take on this totem quality for devout fans. It seems odd that people in the 21st century embrace totems, or symbols, with the same level of enthusiasm as primitive, pagan worshippers. However, sports often bring out the primitive inner being of people - including a passionate devotion to a belief or symbol.
  2. ^ Hirshon, Nicholas (2020). "Social Identity Theory in Sports Fandom Research". In Dunn, Robert Andrew (ed.). Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Media Fandom. Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3323-9. ISBN 9781799833239. S2CID 241619027. This chapter explores how media-attentive sports fans internalize victory and externalize defeat by charting the simultaneous developments in the 1970s of social identity theory, advanced by European social psychologists...which are rooted in a landmark study on college students wearing school-identifying apparel after the university football team won. The chapter also examines how social identity has served and can continue to be utilized as the theoretical backbone for research on mass-mediated sports fandom.
  3. ^ Lee, Yueh-Ting; McCauley, Clark; Jussim, Lee (2013). "Stereotypes as Valid Categories of Knowledge and Human Perceptions of Group Differences". Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 7 (7): 470–486. doi:10.1111/spc3.12039. ISSN 1751-9004. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  4. ^ End, Christian M.; Kretschmar, Jeff M.; Dietz-Uhler, Beth (2004). "College Students' Perceptions of Sports Fandom as a Social Status Determinant". International Sports Journal. 8 (1): 114–123. ISSN 1094-0480. ProQuest 219889488. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  5. ^ "Most popular team names (active only)". MascotDB. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "How did DePaul get a demon as a mascot?". DePaul University Libraries. July 25, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  7. ^ "Home of the Monks". GoMonks.com. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  8. ^ "OLLU Saints Gear". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  9. ^ "Why Battling Bishops?". Ohio Wesleyan University Battling Bishops. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  10. ^ Mees, Andrew (August 8, 2014). "College unveils new athletics logo". Bloomfield College. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  11. ^ Redden, Elizabeth (March 31, 2021). "Evangel Drops Crusader Mascot". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  12. ^ "Lincoln Christian University introduces new athletic mascot -- the Red Lions". Lincoln Daily News. October 1, 2009. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  13. ^ Kravitz, Mark R; Mutter, Carol A (1974). "Desegregation of Private Schools: Section 1981 as an Alternative to State Action". Georgetown Law Journal. 62: 1365, note 15. ISSN 0016-8092. Retrieved May 1, 2018. The term 'segregation academy' in the South has come to mean an institution which is one of 'a system of private schools operated on a racially segregated basis as an alternative available to white students seeking to avoid desegregated public schools.' Coffey v. State Educ. Fin. Comm'n, 296 F. Supp. 1389, 1392 (S.D. Miss. 1969).
    "The quality of instruction, teachers, and physical plant varies widely among such schools. Some private white schools are well-equipped and boast an excellent staff. For example, the Briarcrest Baptist School System, Inc., in Memphis, Tennessee, offers all the standard academic subjects in addition to religious training. All of Briarcrest's staff are certified by the state, and 20 hold master's degrees. Wall Street Journal, supra note 14, at 1, col. 4. However, many southern private schools are woefully inadequate.
  14. ^ "The Story of the Blue Devil". Go Duke. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  15. ^ "Wellington High School". Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  16. ^ https://ahs.atkinsschools.org/
  17. ^ "Wayne Schools". Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  18. ^ "Wynot Public Schools". Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  19. ^ "Franklin High School's new mascot will be Lightning after Board approves selection". PPS. June 12, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  20. ^ Sodergren, Andrew (December 3, 2019). "Fort Myers Miracle announce name change to Mighty Mussels". The News-Press. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  21. ^ Shellnutt, Kate (February 4, 2010). "Rooting for religion: The Saints and other teams with spiritual mascots - Believe It or Not". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  22. ^ "The Official Site of Minor League Baseball | MiLB.com Homepage". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  23. ^ "University of the Incarnate Word". OSAU. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  24. ^ Eskridge, Larry (June 12, 2000). "Higher Education: Eagles, Crusaders, and Trolls—Oh My!". Christianity Today. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  25. ^ "The Official Site of the Holy Cross Crusaders". GoHolyCross.com. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  26. ^ "Crusader Moniker and Mascot". College of the Holy Cross.
  27. ^ Fitzpatrick, Frank (September 28, 2017). "A new college crusade aims at controversial mascots". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  28. ^ "Home | Official Athletic Site of the North Greenville University Crusaders". Ngcrusaders.com. February 25, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  29. ^ "The Making of a Mascot". Alvernia University. January 1, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  30. ^ Herreraom, Hayden (September 16, 2020). "Still the Beacons: Bushnell athletics gets used to not saying 'NCU'". KVAL. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  31. ^ Hendrix, Sheridan (September 30, 2021). "Goodbye crusaders, hello comets! Capital University announces new mascot". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  32. ^ "Clarke Crusaders to become Clarke Pride". Clarke Pride. February 2, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  33. ^ "Eastern Nazarene drops Crusader mascot". Patriot Ledger. May 14, 2009. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  34. ^ "Crusaders No More: What Arab Christians and Muslims Think of Mascot Changes". Christianity Today. September 9, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  35. ^ "NNU is excited to announce new university mascot". Northwest Nazarene University. October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  36. ^ "Crusader Mascot Retired for New Look". News Wise. July 2, 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  37. ^ Krize, Nikki (October 27, 2015). "Susquehanna University Drops 'Crusader' from Nickname". WNEP. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  38. ^ "Valparaiso University Unveils New Nickname". Valpo Athletics. August 10, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  39. ^ Rivenburg, Roy (October 10, 2000). "Wheaton's Inoffensive Mascot Comes From Above". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 10, 2021.

External links edit

  • MascotDB.com, a searchable database of sports mascots

May 03, 2024
religious, symbolism, sports, team, names, mascots, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, seve. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Religious symbolism in U S sports team names and mascots news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Many American sports team names and mascots are based upon or use religious symbolism The majority are scholastic teams at institutions founded by various denominations of Christianity both Catholic and Protestant Saints is the most popular of these names not only at religious schools but public schools However the latter are often indirect the schools being located in places named for saints The only team name that has become controversial is Crusaders many having changed in recent years The term once associated with protectors of the faith is now also associated with oppression Many Christian schools use Knights as their team names with imagery similar to crusaders but it is difficult to establish religious symbolism in these cases There are also a number of teams whose name includes demons or devils which are mythological creatures from many cultures However the devil imagery in sports used by professional sports teams as well as public and non sectarian schools are an example of the Devil in the arts and popular culture more than religion There are also a few team identities based upon Norse mythology in popular culture Contents 1 Sports mascots and social identity 2 Sectarian schools 2 1 Catholic colleges and universities 2 1 1 Saints Catholic 2 2 Catholic K 12 schools 2 2 1 Crusaders Catholic 2 2 2 Friars 2 2 3 Saints Catholic K 12 2 3 Protestant colleges and universities 2 3 1 Name changes 2 4 Protestant K 12 schools 2 4 1 Quakers Protestant 2 4 2 Saints Protestant 2 5 Other religions 3 Private non sectarian schools 4 Public schools 4 1 Colleges and universities 4 2 Secondary schools 4 2 1 Crusaders 4 2 2 Deacons 4 2 3 Demons Devils 4 2 4 Quakers 4 2 5 Saints 4 2 6 Valkyries 5 Professional sports teams and franchises 6 Crusader mascot controversy 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksSports mascots and social identity editTeam names and their associated sports mascots are examples of totems in the social sciences symbols that serve both social and psychological functions with many implicit meanings 1 2 The social function is to connect individuals into a community the psychological function is to symbolize desired qualities with which fans can identify Mascots are also stereotypes social constructs which are not always inappropriate when they provide valid if simplified perceptions of group differences 3 Participation in sports either as a player or a fan is a significant determinant of social status for college students in particular for men 4 The most popular category of sports mascots are animals with Eagles symbolic of America at the top of the list followed by Tigers Bulldogs and Panthers symbolic of aggression Of religious meanings only Saints is in the top 100 in popularity with Catholic Protestant and public schools represented 5 However many Saints teams currently have a St Bernard dog as their mascot often portrayed by a costumed performer Sectarian schools editCatholic colleges and universities edit nbsp Holy Cross Crusaders logo College of the Holy Cross Worcester Massachusetts Holy Cross Crusaders DePaul University Chicago Illinois The origin of the DePaul Blue Demons dates back to 1907 when the university changed its name from St Vincent s College At the time the athletic teams had red uniforms with a large D on the front the players being called the D men evolving into Demons The name change also included the school colors 6 The mascot is DIBS Demon in a Blue Suit Providence College Providence Rhode Island Providence Friars Saint Joseph s College of Maine Standish Maine Monks The Monk is a costumed mascot 7 University of Saint Thomas Minneapolis and Saint Paul Minnesota Tommies name refers to St Thomas Aquinas costumed mascot is Tommy the Tomcat College of Saint Benedict and Saint John s University Minnesota The College of Saint Benedict for women are called the Bennies representing Benedict of Nursia and Saint John s University for men are called the Johnnies representing John of Patmos Saints Catholic edit Aquinas College Grand Rapids Michigan Mascot is a St Bernard dog Carroll College Helena Montana Mascot is Halo a St Bernard dog College of St Joseph Rutland Vermont Fighting Saints Closed due to financial problems in 2019 College of St Scholastica Duluth Minnesota St Bernard dog used in some fan items Emmanuel College Boston Massachusetts Mascot is Halo a St Bernard dog Holy Cross College Notre Dame Indiana Mascot is Basil a St Bernard dog Marymount University Arlington Virginia mascot is Bernie the Dog Maryville University Town and Country Missouri Maryville Saints mascot Louis the St Bernard Mercyhurst North East North East Pennsylvania Our Lady of the Lake University San Antonio Texas Logos include halos and angel wings 8 Saint Martin s University Lacey Washington Saint Martin s Saints logo is a knight s helmet Siena College Loudonville New York Siena Saints mascot Bernie Saint Bernard Siena Heights University Adrian Michigan mascot is Halo the Husky Dog Thomas More College Crestview Hills Kentucky mascot Tommy Mo or Tommy Moria a Renaissance Englishman in motley parachute pants Catholic K 12 schools edit Archbishop Bergan High School Fremont Nebraska Knights School logo includes a cross Archbishop Williams High School Braintree Massachusetts Bishops Bishop England High School Charleston South Carolina Battling Bishops Mount Michael Benedictine Abbey and High School Elkhorn Nebraska Knights School logo is a Benedictine cross Sacred Heart Academy Louisville Kentucky Valkyries St Bernard s High School Fitchburg Massachusetts Bernardians St Pius X High School Albuquerque New Mexico Sartans is a reference to the school s namesake Shanley High School Fargo North Dakota Deacons Thomas More Prep Marian Hays Kansas Monarchs Logo includes a cross Crusaders Catholic edit Bishop Fenwick High School Peabody Massachusetts Brother Martin High School New Orleans Louisiana Cathedral High School St Cloud Minnesota Central Catholic High School Grand Island Nebraska Kapaun Mt Carmel Catholic High School Wichita Kansas Lowell Catholic Lowell Massachusetts Marian High School Omaha Nebraska Catholic Memorial High School Waukesha Wisconsin Bishop Kenny High School Jacksonville Florida Bergen Catholic High School Oradell New Jersey Friars edit Archbishop Curley High School Baltimore Maryland Austin Catholic Preparatory School Detroit Michigan Closed 1978 Bishop Lynch High School Dallas Texas Fenwick High School Oak Park Illinois Malvern Preparatory School Malvern Pennsylvania Monsignor Bonner High School Drexel Hill Pennsylvania St Anthony High School Jersey City New Jersey St Anthony High School South Huntington New York Servite High School Anaheim California Saints Catholic K 12 edit Bishop Dwenger High School Fort Wayne Indiana Canterbury School New Milford Connecticut Central Catholic High School Bloomington Illinois DeSales High School Geneva New York Mormon Trail Jr Sr High School Humeston Iowa Notre Dame Preparatory High School Scottsdale Arizona mascot St Bernard San Juan Diego Catholic High School Austin Texas Santa Clara High School Oxnard California St Anthony High School Long Beach California St Augustine High School San Diego California Saint Bernard School Uncasville Connecticut St Bernard s High School Fitchburg Massachusetts St Bernard Preparatory School Cullman Alabama Saint Dominic Academy Auburn and Lewiston Maine St Louis Catholic High School Lake Charles Louisiana St Mary s Central High School Bismarck North Dakota St Mary s High School Annapolis Maryland Saint Mary High School Westfield Massachusetts St Mary s School for the Deaf Buffalo New York St Patrick s High School Maysville Kentucky Saint Raphael Academy Pawtucket Rhode Island St Thomas Aquinas High School Overland Park Kansas St Thomas Aquinas High School Dover New Hampshire St Vincent s Academy Savannah Georgia Saints John Neumann and Maria Goretti Catholic High School Philadelphia Pennsylvania Saratoga Central Catholic High School Saratoga Springs New York Seton Catholic Central Binghamton New York Seton High School Cincinnati Ohio Tuscarawas Central Catholic High School New Philadelphia Ohio Xavier College Preparatory High School Palm Desert California Xavier High School Cedar Rapids Iowa Protestant colleges and universities edit Earlham College Richmond Indiana Quakers costumed mascot is Big Earl Eureka College Eureka Illinois Red Devils imagery includes a devil s head and a pitchfork Ronald Reagan was an alumnus playing on the football team Guilford College Greensboro North Carolina Guilford Quakers mascot Nathan the Quaker Ohio Wesleyan Delaware Ohio Battling Bishops was selected in 1925 as the team nickname in a contest sponsored by the journalism fraternity 9 Limestone College Gaffney South Carolina Limestone Saints mascot Bernie De Saint as St Bernard dog Meredith College Raleigh North Carolina Avenging Angels the undergraduate programs being for women only Mid American Christian University Oklahoma City Oklahoma Evangels logo is a Legionary New Hope Christian College Eugene Oregon Deacons currently intramural sports only North Carolina Wesleyan College Rocky Mount North Carolina Battling Bishops Randall University Moore Oklahoma Saints Wake Forest University Winston Salem North Carolina Wake Forest Demon Deacons mascot the Demon Deacon Name changes edit Bloomfield College Bloomfield New Jersey Deacons changed to the Bears in 2014 10 Elon University Elon North Carolina originally the Fightin Christians changed to the Phoenix in 2000 Evangel University Springfield Missouri Crusaders removed in March 2021 11 replaced by the Valor Lincoln Christian University Lincoln Illinois Preachers men and Angels women changed to Red Lion in 2009 12 Valparaiso University Valparaiso Indiana Uhlans 1931 1942 Crusaders 1942 2021 changed to Beacons in 2021 Protestant K 12 schools edit Christian Academy of Louisville Louisville Kentucky has four campuses two of which are Centurions logo is a soldier with a cross on his helmet and one is Saints Christian Life Academy Baton Rouge Louisiana Crusaders Shannon Forest Christian School Greenville South Carolina Crusaders University Christian School Jacksonville Florida Fighting Christians mascot a Christian Knight Quakers Protestant edit Brooklyn Friends School Brooklyn New York Carolina Friends School Durham North Carolina Friends Academy Locust Valley New York Friends School of Baltimore Baltimore Maryland Moses Brown School Providence Rhode Island Sidwell Friends School Bethesda Maryland and Washington D C William Penn Charter School Philadelphia Pennsylvania Wilmington Friends School Wilmington Delaware Saints Protestant edit All Saints Episcopal School Fort Worth Texas All Saints Academy Winter Haven Florida mascot is a St Bernard dog Baytown Christian Academy Baytown Texas Briarcrest Christian School Shelby County Tennessee the school was founded as a segregation academy in the 1970s 13 Calvary Academy Springfield Illinois Calvary Baptist Christian High School San Fernando California Christian Academy Myrtle Beach South Carolina Clarendon Hall School Summerton South Carolina Concordia Preparatory School Towson Maryland Faith Christian Academy Pasadena Texas Faith Christian School Foreston Minnesota Faith Heritage School Syracuse New York First Baptist Academy Dallas Texas Greenville Christian School Greenville Mississippi founded as a segregation academy Harvest Christian Academy Keller Texas Hillcrest Christian School Thousand Oaks California Lutheran High School Indianapolis Indiana mascot Louis a St Bernard Lighthouse Christian Academy Santa Monica California Lima Christian School Lima New York Mountain View Christian School Las Vegas Nevada Mt Juliet Christian Academy Mt Juliet Tennessee North Clackamas Christian School Oregon City Oregon Oklahoma Christian School Edmond Oklahoma Patrician Academy Butler Alabama Philadelphia Christian High School Conyers Georgia Prentiss Christian School Prentiss Mississippi Resurrection Christian School Charlotte North Carolina St James School Maryland Hagerstown Maryland St Martin s Episcopal School Metairie Louisiana Saint Mary s School Raleigh North Carolina St Paul s Episcopal School Mobile Alabama St Paul s Lutheran School Ocala Florida St Paul s Lutheran High School Concordia Missouri St Stephen s amp St Agnes School Alexandria Virginia St Thomas Episcopal School Houston TexasSt Paul s Episcopal School Seattle Lutheran High School Seattle Washington Shiloh Christian School Springdale Arkansas St Andrew s School Barrington Rhode Island St Andrew s Episcopal School Ridgeland Mississippi St Anne s Belfield School Charlottesville Virginia St Christopher s School Richmond Virginia St Cloud Christian School St Cloud Minnesota Sylva Bay Academy Bay Springs Mississippi Trinity Episcopal Day School Natchez Mississippi Trinity Lutheran School Bend Oregon Trinity Preparatory School Winter Park FloridaSylva Bay Academy Vail Christian High School Edwards Colorado Other religions edit Yeshiva University New York City MaccabeesPrivate non sectarian schools editConverse University Concordia Missouri Valkyries Dickinson College Carlisle Pennsylvania Red Devils Fairleigh Dickinson University Florham Park New Jersey Devils Flagler College St Augustine Florida Saints St Lawrence University Canton New York Saints Founded by the Universalist Church of America but now non denominational University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania The Penn Quakers name is more historical than religious University of the Sciences Philadelphia Pennsylvania Devils Drake the Devil Public schools editColleges and universities edit Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona Sun Devils mascot Sparky the Sun Devil California University of Pennsylvania California Pennsylvania Vulcans Central Connecticut State New Britain Connecticut Blue Devils Duke University Durham North Carolina Blue Devils derived from a French military unit in World War I 14 Lurleen B Wallace Community College Andalusia Greenville and Opp Alabama Saints Mission College Santa Clara California Saints Mt Hood Community College Gresham Oregon Saints St Bernard mascot North Country Community College Saranac Lake New York Saints St Bernard mascot Northwestern State University of Louisiana Natchitoches Louisiana Demons mascot Vic the Demon San Diego Mesa College San Diego California Olympians Santa Fe College Gainesville Florida Saints St Bernard mascot Seward County Community College Liberal Kansas Saints mascot Louie the Saint crusader imagery Shawnee Community College Ullin Illinois Saints St Bernard mascot Secondary schools edit Crusaders edit Buhler High School Buhler Kansas Wellington High School Wellington Kansas 15 Deacons edit St Paul High School St Paul Virginia Deacons Demons Devils edit Atkins High School Atkins Arkansas Red Devils 16 Batavia High School Batavia New York Blue Devils Brockport High School Brockport New York Blue Devils Brunswick High School Brunswick Ohio Brunswick Ohio Blue Devils Decatur Community High School Oberlin Kansas Red Devils Espanola Valley High School Espanola New Mexico Sundevils Franklin Central School Franklin Delaware County New York Purple Devils Kenmore West Senior High School Kenmore New York Blue Devils Perkins Tryon High School Perkins Oklahoma Demons Plattsmouth High School Plattsmouth Nebraska Blue Devils Port Barre High School Port Barre Louisiana Red Devils Rancocas Valley Regional High School Mount Holly New Jersey Red Devils Sedan Kansas Blue Devils Victor Senior High School Victor New York Blue Devils Washington High School Washington Iowa Demons Wayne High School Wayne Nebraska Blue Devils 17 Wynot Public Schools Wynot Nebraska Blue Devils 18 Quakers edit Eastern High School Lansing Michigan Franklin High School Portland Oregon Changed from Quakers to Lightning in 2019 19 Franklin High School Seattle Washington Horace Greeley High School Chappaqua New York Millville Area Junior Senior High School Columbia County Pennsylvania Moorestown High School Moorestown New Jersey New Philadelphia High School New Philadelphia Ohio Orchard Park High School Orchard Park New York Plainfield High School Plainfield Indiana Quaker Valley High School Leetsdale Pennsylvania Salem Junior Senior High School Salem Ohio Saints edit Butterfield Odin Public School Butterfield Minnesota Calhoun County High School St Matthews South Carolina Cedar Grove High School Ellenwood Georgia Churchville Chili High School Churchville New York Delta High School Clarksburg California Interlake High School Bellevue Washington Jefferson High School Edgewater Colorado La Salle High School St Ignace Michigan Locke High School Los Angeles California Melcher Dallas High School Melcher Dallas Iowa St Ansgar High School St Ansgar Iowa St Charles High School St Charles Minnesota St Clair High School East China Township Michigan St Croix Falls High School St Croix Falls Wisconsin St Helena High School St Helena California St James High School St James Minnesota St Michaels Middle High School St Michaels Maryland St Paul High School St Paul Arkansas Saint Peter High School Saint Peter Minnesota Saint Regis Falls Central School Saint Regis Falls New York San Dimas High School San Dimas California Sandalwood High School Jacksonville Florida Santa Ana High School Santa Ana California Santa Fe South High School Oklahoma City Oklahoma mascot St Bernard Santa Maria High School Santa Maria California Santa Teresa High School San Jose California Selma High School Selma Alabama Southern Wayne High School Dudley North Carolina Thornwell Charter School Clinton South Carolina West Feliciana High School St Francisville Louisiana Valkyries edit Schools where the boy s teams are Vikings and the girl s teams are Valkyries mythical figures in Norse mythology Bigfork High School Bigfork Montana Petersburg High School Petersburg AlaskaProfessional sports teams and franchises editFort Myers Miracle Minor League Baseball became the Fort Myers Mighty Mussels in 2019 20 Los Angeles Angels Major League Baseball Named after the city of Los Angeles New Jersey Devils National Hockey League The Binghamton Devils became the Utica Comets when the team moved but remain affiliated with the New Jersey Devils New Orleans Saints National Football League The franchise was named the Saints by popular vote on November 1 1966 All Saint s Day 21 The name refers to the popular New Orleans gospel jazz tune When the Saints Go Marching In Sacramento Kings National Basketball Association Mascot is Slamson the Lion an allusion to the Old Testament figure Samson San Antonio Missions Minor League Baseball 22 San Diego Padres Major League Baseball refers to the Franciscan friars who founded San Diego Stockton Thunder ECHL uses the Norse god Thor as mascotCrusader mascot controversy editMany Catholic and some Protestant schools adopted the Crusader for their teams The University of the Incarnate Word decided in 2004 that its Crusader mascot was inappropriate for its multicultural mission 23 Corlis McGee president of Eastern Nazarene College said There s a growing awareness that the connotation of the word has changed and the Crusader no longer represents the positive message of Christian love we want to share with the world Other universities have decided to keep the mascot as a way to honor their histories and constantly remind students to communicate our desire to bring the good news and cross into every situation we encountered 24 The remaining college level Crusaders are Belmont Abbey College Belmont North Carolina Christendom College Front Royal Virginia College of the Holy Cross Worcester Massachusetts 25 26 Madonna University Livonia Michigan and North Greenville University Tigerville South Carolina who changed their mascot from the Mounties to the Crusaders in 2017 27 28 Prior Crusaders name changes School Name City State New Mascot Year Changed Notes Alvernia University Reading Pennsylvania Golden Wolves 2017 Sr Madonna Marie Harvath a member of the Bernardine Sisters stated The idea of changing the name has been brewing for quite some time because there was a lot of prejudice and persecution associated with the Crusades and that s not what Alvernia stands for 29 Bushnell University Eugene Oregon Beacons 2020 The change coincided with Northwest Christian University becoming Bushnell 30 Capital University Bexley Ohio Comets 2021 Although the change was based upon recognition that the name had become outdated and divisive there was pushback from alumni 31 Clarke University Dubuque Iowa The Pride 2017 32 Eastern Nazarene College Quincy Massachusetts Lions 2009 The college president stated that the connotations of crusader have changed over the years to become associated with atrocities 33 Evangel University Springfield Missouri Valor 2021 The university president stated Today we recognize that the Crusader often inhibits the ability of students and alumni to proudly represent the university in their areas of global work and ministry 34 Northwest Nazarene University Nampa Idaho Nighthawks 2017 35 Point Loma Nazarene University Point Loma San Diego California Sea Lions 2002 36 Susquehanna University Selinsgrove Pennsylvania River Hawks 2015 37 University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio Texas Cardinals 2004 Valparaiso University Valparaiso Indiana Beacons 2021 38 Wheaton College Wheaton Illinois The Thunder 2000 Billy Graham who called his annual evangelistic campaigns Crusades was the most notable alumnus of the school 39 See also editCollegiate sport ritual in the United States List of association football mascots List of college sports team nicknames List of mascots List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples Native American mascot controversyReferences edit Delaney Tim Madigan Tim February 11 2009 The Sociology of Sports An Introduction McFarland published 2009 p 211 ISBN 9780786453153 Retrieved October 28 2014 The manner in which fans defend their right to hold on to and embrace their cherished symbols of the team reflects a type of totemism Team logos and mascots take on this totem quality for devout fans It seems odd that people in the 21st century embrace totems or symbols with the same level of enthusiasm as primitive pagan worshippers However sports often bring out the primitive inner being of people including a passionate devotion to a belief or symbol Hirshon Nicholas 2020 Social Identity Theory in Sports Fandom Research In Dunn Robert Andrew ed Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Media Fandom Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies doi 10 4018 978 1 7998 3323 9 ISBN 9781799833239 S2CID 241619027 This chapter explores how media attentive sports fans internalize victory and externalize defeat by charting the simultaneous developments in the 1970s of social identity theory advanced by European social psychologists which are rooted in a landmark study on college students wearing school identifying apparel after the university football team won The chapter also examines how social identity has served and can continue to be utilized as the theoretical backbone for research on mass mediated sports fandom Lee Yueh Ting McCauley Clark Jussim Lee 2013 Stereotypes as Valid Categories of Knowledge and Human Perceptions of Group Differences Social and Personality Psychology Compass 7 7 470 486 doi 10 1111 spc3 12039 ISSN 1751 9004 Retrieved October 19 2021 End Christian M Kretschmar Jeff M Dietz Uhler Beth 2004 College Students Perceptions of Sports Fandom as a Social Status Determinant International Sports Journal 8 1 114 123 ISSN 1094 0480 ProQuest 219889488 Retrieved October 20 2021 Most popular team names active only MascotDB Retrieved October 19 2021 How did DePaul get a demon as a mascot DePaul University Libraries July 25 2008 Retrieved October 19 2021 Home of the Monks GoMonks com Retrieved October 19 2021 OLLU Saints Gear Retrieved October 19 2021 Why Battling Bishops Ohio Wesleyan University Battling Bishops Retrieved October 19 2021 Mees Andrew August 8 2014 College unveils new athletics logo Bloomfield College Retrieved October 11 2021 Redden Elizabeth March 31 2021 Evangel Drops Crusader Mascot Inside Higher Ed Retrieved April 12 2021 Lincoln Christian University introduces new athletic mascot the Red Lions Lincoln Daily News October 1 2009 Retrieved October 11 2021 Kravitz Mark R Mutter Carol A 1974 Desegregation of Private Schools Section 1981 as an Alternative to State Action Georgetown Law Journal 62 1365 note 15 ISSN 0016 8092 Retrieved May 1 2018 The term segregation academy in the South has come to mean an institution which is one of a system of private schools operated on a racially segregated basis as an alternative available to white students seeking to avoid desegregated public schools Coffey v State Educ Fin Comm n 296 F Supp 1389 1392 S D Miss 1969 The quality of instruction teachers and physical plant varies widely among such schools Some private white schools are well equipped and boast an excellent staff For example the Briarcrest Baptist School System Inc in Memphis Tennessee offers all the standard academic subjects in addition to religious training All of Briarcrest s staff are certified by the state and 20 hold master s degrees Wall Street Journal supra note 14 at 1 col 4 However many southern private schools are woefully inadequate The Story of the Blue Devil Go Duke Retrieved October 12 2021 Wellington High School Retrieved October 10 2021 https ahs atkinsschools org Wayne Schools Retrieved October 10 2021 Wynot Public Schools Retrieved October 10 2021 Franklin High School s new mascot will be Lightning after Board approves selection PPS June 12 2019 Retrieved July 7 2019 Sodergren Andrew December 3 2019 Fort Myers Miracle announce name change to Mighty Mussels The News Press Retrieved October 10 2021 Shellnutt Kate February 4 2010 Rooting for religion The Saints and other teams with spiritual mascots Believe It or Not Houston Chronicle Retrieved March 1 2017 The Official Site of Minor League Baseball MiLB com Homepage Minor League Baseball Retrieved March 1 2017 University of the Incarnate Word OSAU Retrieved October 10 2021 Eskridge Larry June 12 2000 Higher Education Eagles Crusaders and Trolls Oh My Christianity Today Retrieved March 1 2017 The Official Site of the Holy Cross Crusaders GoHolyCross com Retrieved March 1 2017 Crusader Moniker and Mascot College of the Holy Cross Fitzpatrick Frank September 28 2017 A new college crusade aims at controversial mascots The Philadelphia Inquirer Home Official Athletic Site of the North Greenville University Crusaders Ngcrusaders com February 25 2017 Retrieved March 1 2017 The Making of a Mascot Alvernia University January 1 2018 Retrieved October 10 2021 Herreraom Hayden September 16 2020 Still the Beacons Bushnell athletics gets used to not saying NCU KVAL Retrieved October 10 2021 Hendrix Sheridan September 30 2021 Goodbye crusaders hello comets Capital University announces new mascot The Columbus Dispatch Retrieved October 10 2021 Clarke Crusaders to become Clarke Pride Clarke Pride February 2 2017 Retrieved October 10 2021 Eastern Nazarene drops Crusader mascot Patriot Ledger May 14 2009 Retrieved October 10 2021 Crusaders No More What Arab Christians and Muslims Think of Mascot Changes Christianity Today September 9 2021 Retrieved October 10 2021 NNU is excited to announce new university mascot Northwest Nazarene University October 16 2017 Retrieved October 10 2021 Crusader Mascot Retired for New Look News Wise July 2 2003 Retrieved October 10 2021 Krize Nikki October 27 2015 Susquehanna University Drops Crusader from Nickname WNEP Retrieved October 10 2021 Valparaiso University Unveils New Nickname Valpo Athletics August 10 2021 Retrieved October 10 2021 Rivenburg Roy October 10 2000 Wheaton s Inoffensive Mascot Comes From Above Los Angeles Times Retrieved October 10 2021 External links editMascotDB com a searchable database of sports mascots Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Religious symbolism in U S sports team names and mascots amp oldid 1220496441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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