November 2023 Ohio Issue 1
The 2023 Ohio reproductive rights initiative,[2] officially titled "The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety", and listed on the ballot as Issue 1,[3] was a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that was adopted on November 7, 2023, by a majority of 56.8% of voters. It codified reproductive rights in the Ohio Constitution, including contraception, fertility treatment, whether to continue one's own pregnancy, and miscarriage care, restoring Roe v. Wade-era access in Ohio and protecting "the right to abortion up to the point of fetal viability" while permitting restrictions after.[a][4]
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Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety[1] | |||||||||||||
| Results | |||||||||||||
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Yes: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% No: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||
In 2019 the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors. This statute became active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped.[5] One of these cases involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio who traveled to Indiana to get the procedure, generating nationwide attention and becoming a central campaign issue.[5] A state court put the ban on hold while a challenge alleging it violated the Ohio Constitution was heard.[6] Issue 1 was seen as determining whether Ohio's statute would remain; several members of the "no" campaign had called for bans on forms of birth control that prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg and in vitro fertilization if it fails.[7][8]
The "yes" campaign drew support from Ohio medical organizations,[9] doctors,[9] economists,[10] trade unions,[11] editorial boards,[11] reproductive rights groups,[11] and several religious organizations.[12] They argued that a "yes" vote would further limited government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, while preventing interference with patient-physician privacy.[8] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of doctors, campaigned for Issue 1.[8][13] In late August 2023, former President Donald Trump, who appointed three of the Supreme Court justices who voted to overturn Roe v. Wade, condemned six-week abortion bans, including Ohio's, as going "too far" and a "terrible thing and terrible mistake".[14][15] Religious groups were generally divided on the issue.[b][12]
Ohio is a moderately conservative state;[17] Donald Trump easily won the state over Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election,[17] so the results of the referendum were widely expected to be a bellwether on whether there is a unified American consensus on abortion rights; voters have supported the "pro-choice" side along both bipartisan and overwhelming margins in referendums conducted since the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022.[18][19] Ohio's neighbor Michigan had a similar referendum a year earlier in November of 2022, and it passed by almost the exact same margin.
Although similar ballot measures had passed in blue strongholds such as California, and even blue swing states like Michigan, and abortion restrictions had been defeated in red states like Kansas and Kentucky, this was the first time since the Dobbs decision that citizens of a conservative state were asked to enshrine abortion protections into the state constitution. As such, the result of the referendum was widely seen as establishing a national consensus in favor of broad abortion rights, marking a continued trend in ballot measures since the Dobbs decision.[20][21] Among those between 18 and 24 years old, an estimated 76% voted for Issue 1.[22] Some conservative political analysts and commentators called a continued alliance with the anti-abortion movement "untenable" and an "electoral disaster", and urged the party to adopt a more pro-choice stance on the issue.[23] Exit polling indicated that 61% of Ohioans agree that abortion should be legal in all or most cases, versus only 37% who disagree.[24]
Text edit
Be it Resolved by the People of the State of Ohio that Article I of the Ohio Constitution is amended to add the following Section:
Article I, Section 22. The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety
A. Every individual has a right to make and carry out one's own reproductive decisions, including but not limited to decisions on:
- contraception;
- fertility treatment;
- continuing one's own pregnancy;
- miscarriage care; and
- abortion
B. The State shall not, directly or indirectly, burden, penalize, prohibit, interfere with, or discriminate against either:
- An individual's voluntary exercise of this right or
- A person or entity that assists an individual exercising this right
unless the State demonstrates that it is using the least restrictive means to advance the individual's health in accordance with widely accepted and evidence-based standards of care.
However, abortion may be prohibited after fetal viability. But in no case may such an abortion be prohibited if in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician it is necessary to protect the pregnant patient's life or health.
C. As used in this Section:
- "Fetal viability" means "the point in a pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician, the fetus has a significant likelihood of survival outside the uterus with reasonable measures. This is determined on a case-by-case basis."
- "State" includes any governmental entity and any political subdivision.
D. This Section is self-executing.
Background edit
2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case edit
In 2019 the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors.
This current statute became briefly active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed states, including Ohio, to impose unlimited limitations on abortion access. During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped.[5] The most notable case involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio, who traveled to Indiana on June 30, 2022, to get an abortion because then-current statutory law in Ohio did not provide an exception those who became pregnant because of rape. Her case drew national attention and commentary from public figures, due in part to its proximity to the June 24, 2022, decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Dobbs.[6][25][26][27]
Her rapist was arrested by July 13. Before this arrest was made public, Ohio politicians who oppose legal abortion access called the story a hoax; Ohio's attorney general Dave Yost said, "Every day that goes by, the more likely that this is a fabrication."[28] After news of the arrest validated the Star's story, these sources did not apologize for claiming the story was a hoax.[29] Jim Bopp, the general counsel for the National Right to Life Committee, said in an interview that the child should have been legally forced to carry the pregnancy to full term and give birth, and that "She would have had the baby, and as many women who have had babies as a result of rape, we would hope that she would understand the reason and ultimately the benefit of having the child."[30] In September 2022, shortly after Ohio's 6-week abortion ban went into effect, a woman made national news when she almost bled to death after an Ohio hospital refused to treat her miscarriage.[31] Presently, "a state court put the ban on hold again while a challenge alleging it violates the state constitution plays out".[6][clarification needed]
Ballot measure submission edit
On February 21, 2023, Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom, the group leading support for the initiative, filed the amendment's language with the office of Ohio Attorney General, Dave Yost,[32] who certified it on March 2, sending it to the Ohio Ballot Board,[33] who further certified the proposed amendment on March 13, permitting supporters to begin collecting signatures.[4] On July 5, supporters filed 709,786 signatures, nearly 300,000 more than the minimum number required. Ohio Secretary of State, Frank LaRose, certified the petition on July 25, 2023, after certifying 495,938 valid signatures, more than the approximately 410,000 required.[34]
Attempt to change threshold edit
The Ohio Republican Party tried to thwart this constitutional amendment by attempting to change the rules so as to increase to 60% the threshold required for referendum passage in an August 8 special election, known as August 2023 Ohio Issue 1. The voters of Ohio rejected this change 57%–43%, keeping the threshold for passage at a simple majority.[35]
Rejected ballot challenge edit
On August 11, the Ohio Supreme Court unanimously rejected a lawsuit, filed by Republican former state Representative Tom Brinkman and 2022 Republican state representative candidate Jenn Giroux, that would keep the initiative off the ballot.[36][37]
Campaign edit
The campaign for the initiative drew support from Ohio scientific and medical communities,[38][39] economists,[10] trade unions,[11] editorial boards,[11] human rights,[11] and many religious organizations. They argued that the initiative would limit government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, and prevent interference with personal medical decisions, including another situation similar to the aforementioned abortion case.[8] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of physicians, campaigned for the citizen-initiated constitutional amendment.[8] "The main force behind the ballot initiative" were been physicians and other groups in medicine.[9][according to whom?]
While several Ohio's Catholic dioceses condemned the measure, many Catholic voters were expected to vote for "yes", along with several dissenting groups, including Catholics for Choice.[40]
Controversies edit
Comments by Ohio Right to Life activist Lizzie Marbach edit
Lizzie Marbach @LizzieMarbach "King of kings" has always been a political statement. We just took that for granted in the western world and bought into the silly myth of neutrality in the public square.
August 23, 2023
Lizzie Marbach @LizzieMarbach The use of birth control, IVF, & other unnatural means of "family planning" has brainwashed us into believing that WE are the authors of when life begins. This belief has caused so much evil and ultimately led to the death of over 60 million babies due to abortion.
September 11, 2023
Shortly before the election there was a major rift within the Ohio Right to Life (ORTL) organization. The campaign suffered from intense infighting after comments made by Lizzie Marbach, the organization's communications director, shortly before she was fired.[41]
Marbach labeled a depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe in a Catholic Church as "idolatry", implied that non-Christians would go to hell, and repeatedly called for an end to the separation of church and state.[41] Marbach called for restrictions or bans on birth control and in vitro fertilization. She was fired in mid-August 2023.[41][42]
Several Catholic anti-abortion activists urged opponents of the measure to not cast a ballot, or, cast one intentionally spoiled as a protest vote in the wake of the controversy, stating that the "against" campaign was furthering anti-Catholicism.[41]
Ballot wording and misleading campaign advertisements edit
Proponents of the amendment initially suggested that the amendment appear in full on voters' ballots in November. However, the Ohio Ballot Board substituted its own summary wording to appear before voters. The summary, written by Ohio Secretary of State and Republican Senate candidate Frank LaRose and approved by the Ballot Board's Republican majority, received criticism for its allegedly biased language, including substituting the word "unborn child" for the medically accurate term "fetus" and omitting reference to other rights the proposed amendment would protect, including contraception, miscarriage care, and fertility treatment. Abortion rights groups sued to have the full text of the amendment presented on the ballot, but the Republican majority on the Ohio Supreme Court sided with the Ballot Board, allowing the contentious language to appear in the ballot summary.[43]
The Ballot Board's summary received criticism from medical groups as well as some voices opposed to legal abortion access, who have described it as deliberately deceiving voters to vote "no" under false pretexts.[44] National conservative columnist Jude Russo wrote that "[we] have failed to persuade the American people. Simply put: Lawyerly tricks (and tricky lawyers) are losers. Asking the commons to cede power voluntarily is a loser"[45] and that "a rush of [intentionally] badly-worded state referenda is not a program."[46] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology stated: "The language used to discuss abortion has a profound impact on how people form their opinions about reproductive health care, and the emotionally charged language that will now be presented to voters is neither clinically nor legally sound."[44]
Advertisements from the "against" campaign falsely claiming that the referendum would take away parental rights and force transgender surgery on children has received widespread criticism from legal experts who described it as misleading and baseless.[47] Constitutional law expert Jonathan Entin writes:[47]
The opponents are saying, "Well, but there's this language that says 'including but not limited to'..." But that's bogus.
and:[47]
If you drink too much alcohol, if you ingest certain drugs, if you drive too fast – all of those things could have shorter or longer term implications for your ability to reproduce... That doesn't mean that speed limits and drug laws and alcohol regulations are somehow going to be affected by this amendment if it's adopted.
Catholic anti-abortion columnist Mary Pezzulo criticized the advertisements for discussing parental rights while ignoring the anti-abortion movement's mission to "protect the lives of unborn babies". She wrote, "They're lying to get people to vote against Issue One."[48]
Endorsements edit
- U.S. Executive Branch officials
- Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States (2009–2017) (Democrat)[49]
- U.S. Senators
- Sherrod Brown, U.S. Senator from Ohio (2007–present) (Democrat)[50]
- U.S. Representatives
- Joyce Beatty, U.S. Representative from OH-3 (2013–present) (Democrat)[51]
- Shontel Brown, U.S. Representative from OH-11 (2021–present) (Democrat)[52]
- Marcy Kaptur, U.S. Representative from OH-9 (1983–present) (Democrat)[53]
- Greg Landsman, U.S. Representative from OH-1 (2023–present) (Democrat)[53]
- Emilia Sykes, U.S. Representative from OH-13 (2023–present) (Democrat)[50]
- Statewide officials
- State Senators
- Paula Hicks-Hudson, state senator from the 11th district (2023–present), former state representative from the 44th district (2019–2022), and 63rd Mayor of Toledo (2015–2018) (Democrat)[55]
- Nina Turner, President of Our Revolution and former state senator from the 25th district (2008–2014) (Democrat)[52]
- State House members
- Willis Blackshear Jr., state representative from the 38th district (2021–present) (Democrat)[56]
- Jeffrey Crossman, former state representative from the 15th district (2019–2022) and Democratic nominee in the 2022 Ohio Attorney General election (Democrat)[54]
- Michele Grim, state representative from the 43rd district (2023–present) (Democrat)[57]
- Darrell Opfer, former state representative from the 53rd district (1993–1999) (Democrat)[58]
- Allison Russo, Minority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2022–present) and state representative from the 7th district (2023–present) and the 24th district (2019–2022) (Democrat)[59]
- Anita Somani, state representative from the 11th district (2023–present) (Democrat)[60]
- Casey Weinstein, state representative from the 34th district (2019–present) (Democrat)[61]
- Local officials
- Justin Bibb, 58th Mayor of Cleveland (2022–present) (Democrat)[62]
- Individuals
- Traci D. Blackmon, Associate General Minister of Justice and Local Church Ministries for the United Church of Christ[63]
- Michael Bloomberg, majority owner and co-founder of Bloomberg L.P., 108th Mayor of New York City (2002–2013)[64]
- Connie Schultz, writer, journalist, and educator[65]
- Mini Timmaraju, attorney, reproductive rights advocate, and president of Reproductive Freedom for All[66]
- Elizabeth Walters, chair of the Ohio Democratic Party[67]
- Organizations
- American Civil Liberties Union[68]
- Bend the Arc[69]
- Fairness Project[70]
- Feminist Majority Foundation[71]
- Freedom From Religion Foundation[72]
- Green Party of Ohio[73]
- Human Rights Campaign[74]
- National Association of Social Workers[75]
- Ohio Democratic Party[67]
- Planned Parenthood[76]
- Reproductive Freedom for All[70]
- Sixteen Thirty Fund[64]
- Swing Left[53]
- United Church of Christ[63]
- Newspapers
- U.S. Executive Branch officials
- Mike Pence, 48th Vice President of the United States (2017–2021) (Republican)[79]
- U.S. Senators
- J. D. Vance, U.S. Senator from Ohio (2023–present) (Republican)[80]
- U.S. Representatives
- Max Miller, U.S. Representative from OH-7 (2023–present) (Republican)[81]
- Statewide officials
- Ken Blackwell, 48th Secretary of State of Ohio (1999–2007) and 43rd Treasurer of Ohio (1994–1999) (Republican)[82]
- Mike DeWine, 70th Governor of Ohio (2019–present), 50th Attorney General of Ohio (2011–2019), former U.S. Senator from Ohio (1995–2007), 59th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1991–1994), and former U.S. Representative from OH-7 (1983–1991) (Republican)[81]
- Keith Faber, 33rd Auditor of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[81]
- Jon Husted, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (2019–present) and 50th Secretary of State of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[81]
- Frank LaRose, 51st Secretary of State of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[83]
- Dave Yost, 51st Attorney General of Ohio (2019–present) and 32nd Auditor of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[81]
- State Senators
- Matt Dolan, state senator from the 24th district (2017–present) and former state representative from the 98th district (2005–2010) (Republican)[84]
- Theresa Gavarone, state senator from the 2nd district (2019–present) and former state representative from the 3rd district (2016–2019) (Republican)[83]
- Michele Reynolds, state senator from the 3rd district (2023–present) (Republican)[85]
- Kristina Roegner, state senator from the 27th district (2019–present) and former state representative from the 37th district (2011–2018) (Republican)[86]
- State House members
- Adam Bird, state representative from the 63rd district (2023–present) and the 66th district (2021–2022) (Republican)[61]
- Gary Click, state representative from the 88th district (2021–present) (Republican)[87]
- Jim Hoops, state representative from the 81st district (2018–present; 1999–2006) (Republican)[88]
- Melanie Miller, state representative from the 67th district (2023–present) (Republican)[85]
- Bill Seitz, Majority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2017–present), state representative from the 30th district (2017–present; 2001–2007), and former state senator from the 8th district (2007–2016) (Republican)[89]
- Jason Stephens, 106th Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives (2023–present) and state representative from the 93rd district (2019–present) (Republican)[90]
- Local officials
- Peggy Lehner, Mayor of Kettering, former state senator from the 6th district (2011–2020; 2008) and former state representative from the 37th district (2009–2011) (Republican)[91]
- Individuals
- David Bonnar, Bishop of Youngstown[92]
- Earl K. Fernandes, Bishop of Columbus[93]
- Edward C. Malesic, Bishop of Cleveland[81]
- Dennis Marion Schnurr, Archbishop of Cincinnati[94]
- Michael W. Smith, musician[95]
- Daniel Edward Thomas, Bishop of Toledo[96]
- Alex Triantafilou, chair of the Ohio Republican Party[97]
- Organizations
- Catholic Conference of Ohio[81]
- Center for Christian Virtue[81]
- Knights of Columbus[64]
- Ohio Republican Party[98]
- Ohio Right to Life[81]
- Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America[64]
- Newspapers
- Newspapers
Polling edit
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size[c] | Margin of error | For | Against | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data for Progress | October 31–November 2, 2023 | 582 (LV) | ± 4% | 57% | 40% | 3% |
| Ohio Northern University | October 16–19, 2023 | 668 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 60% | 40% | - |
| Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute | October 9–11, 2023 | 569 (RV) | ± 4.5% | 58% | 34% | 8% |
| Fallon Research & Communications, Inc. | August 22–25, 2023 | 501 (RV) | ± 4.37% | 55% | 35% | 10% |
| Ohio Northern University | July 17–26, 2023 | 675 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 54% | 30% | 16% |
| USA Today/Suffolk University | July 9–12, 2023 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.4% | 58% | 32% | 10% |
| Scripps News/YouGov | June 20–22, 2023 | 500 (LV) | ± 5.95% | 58% | 23% | 20% |
| Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute | September 30–October 3, 2022 | 856 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 59% | 27% | 14% |
- ^ The referendum would allow an abortion ban after fetal viability, with the narrow exceptions of "the pregnant patient’s life or health".
- ^ Several Catholic dioceses in Ohio have also opposed the referendum. However, along with several dissenting Catholic organizations, many Catholic voters are expected to support Issue 1.[16]
- ^ Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
Financial contributions edit
| Committee | Position | Contributions | Expenditures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ohioans United for Reproductive Rights | Support | $39,200,000 | $26,200,000 |
| Protect Women Ohio | Oppose | $27,000,000 | $24,300,000 |
| Donors | Position | Contributions |
|---|---|---|
| The Concord Fund/Judicial Crisis Network | Oppose | $25,000,000 |
| Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America | Oppose | $12,500,000 |
| Protect Women Ohio Action Fund Inc | Oppose | $9,700,000 |
| Sixteen Thirty Fund | Support | $5,500,000 |
| Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom PAC[103][failed verification] | Support | $8,500,000 |
| Open Society Policy Center | Support | $3,500,000 |
| Catholic Dioceses of Ohio | Oppose | $2,200,000 |
| American Civil Liberties Union | Support | $2,200,000 |
| Fairness Project | Support | $2,400,000 |
| Lynn Schusterman | Support | $1,500,000 |
| Planned Parenthood Action Fund | Support | $1,500,000 |
| Knights of Columbus | Oppose | $1,000,000 |
| Michael Bloomberg | Support | $1,000,000 |
| Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer | Support | $1,000,000 |
| Abigail Wexner | Support | $1,000,000 |
Results by county edit
| County | Yes | Votes | No | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams | 31.6% | 2,443 | 68.4% | 5,287 |
| Allen | 35.4% | 10,978 | 64.6% | 20,029 |
| Ashland | 42.0% | 7,655 | 58.0% | 10,573 |
| Ashtabula | 54.5% | 16,569 | 45.5% | 13,841 |
| Athens | 72.6% | 13,515 | 27.4% | 5,112 |
| Auglaize | 26.6% | 4,688 | 73.4% | 12,915 |
| Belmont | 40.5% | 7,645 | 59.5% | 11,252 |
| Brown | 36.1% | 4,852 | 63.9% | 8,578 |
| Butler | 50.8% | 59,150 | 49.2% | 57,305 |
| Carroll | 39.3% | 3,630 | 60.7% | 5,609 |
| Champaign | 41.4% | 5,601 | 58.6% | 7,936 |
| Clark | 50.6% | 20,870 | 49.4% | 20,373 |
| Clermont | 48.3% | 36,208 | 51.7% | 38,753 |
| Clinton | 40.1% | 5,350 | 59.9% | 7,995 |
| Columbiana | 43.9% | 14,132 | 56.1% | 18,040 |
| Coshocton | 47.4% | 5,228 | 52.6% | 5,813 |
| Crawford | 40.0% | 5,184 | 60.0% | 7,761 |
| Cuyahoga | 74.4% | 295,406 | 25.6% | 101,555 |
| Darke | 27.6% | 5,016 | 72.4% | 13,146 |
| Defiance | 38.9% | 4,966 | 61.1% | 7,810 |
| Delaware | 59.3% | 57,116 | 40.7% | 39,195 |
| Erie | 57.1% | 16,085 | 42.9% | 12,093 |
| Fairfield | 51.4% | 28,410 | 48.6% | 26,818 |
| Fayette | 40.7% | 3,303 | 59.3% | 4,814 |
| Franklin | 72.9% | 308,379 | 27.1% | 114,637 |
| Fulton | 38.6% | 5,935 | 61.4% | 9,424 |
| Gallia | 31.6% | 2,373 | 68.4% | 5,139 |
| Geauga | 54.7% | 22,327 | 45.3% | 18,503 |
| Greene | 49.3% | 30,635 | 50.7% | 31,507 |
| Guernsey | 46.8% | 5,288 | 53.2% | 6,005 |
| Hamilton | 65.1% | 186,175 | 34.9% | 99,819 |
| Hancock | 40.3% | 10,552 | 59.7% | 15,621 |
| Hardin | 41.3% | 3,408 | 58.7% | 4,843 |
| Harrison | 38.0% | 1,741 | 62.0% | 2,839 |
| Henry | 35.6% | 3,507 | 64.4% | 6,347 |
| Highland | 33.7% | 4,005 | 66.3% | 7,880 |
| Hocking | 47.8% | 4,287 | 52.2% | 4,674 |
| Holmes | 24.6% | 2,156 | 75.4% | 6,599 |
| Huron | 44.1% | 7,922 | 55.9% | 10,055 |
| Jackson | 37.6% | 3,117 | 62.4% | 5,178 |
| Jefferson | 40.7% | 8,090 | 59.3% | 11,808 |
| Knox | 42.1% | 9,384 | 57.9% | 12,898 |
| Lake | 60.5% | 54,337 | 39.5% | 35,504 |
| Lawrence | 33.9% | 5,647 | 66.1% | 11,002 |
| Licking | 50.9% | 31,815 | 49.1% | 30,748 |
| Logan | 37.4% | 5,824 | 62.6% | 9,736 |
| Lorain | 62.6% | 69,097 | 37.4% | 41,315 |
| Lucas | 63.9% | 76,197 | 36.1% | 43,012 |
| Madison | 46.8% | 6,487 | 53.2% | 7,364 |
| Mahoning | 56.3% | 42,604 | 43.7% | 33,015 |
| Marion | 49.5% | 9,325 | 50.5% | 9,519 |
| Medina | 55.2% | 41,006 | 44.8% | 33,242 |
| Meigs | 36.1% | 2,366 | 63.9% | 4,179 |
| Mercer | 21.5% | 3,796 | 78.5% | 13,850 |
| Miami | 39.6% | 15,932 | 60.4% | 24,258 |
| Monroe | 32.6% | 1,355 | 67.4% | 2,797 |
| Montgomery | 59.3% | 100,475 | 40.7% | 69,021 |
| Morgan | 42.3% | 1,933 | 57.7% | 2,641 |
| Morrow | 39.9% | 5,209 | 60.1% | 7,860 |
| Muskingum | 46.2% | 11,620 | 53.8% | 13,522 |
| Noble | 36.1% | 1,494 | 63.9% | 2,646 |
| Ottawa | 52.9% | 9,061 | 47.1% | 8,056 |
| Paulding | 28.9% | 1,824 | 71.1% | 4,480 |
| Perry | 42.0% | 4,759 | 58.0% | 6,560 |
| Pickaway | 44.8% | 8,490 | 55.2% | 10,461 |
| Pike | 39.2% | 2,957 | 60.8% | 4,594 |
| Portage | 60.9% | 35,147 | 39.1% | 22,547 |
| Preble | 37.0% | 5,226 | 63.0% | 8,913 |
| Putnam | 16.8% | 2,430 | 83.2% | 12,051 |
| Richland | 42.6% | 17,124 | 57.4% | 23,050 |
| Ross | 48.4% | 10,372 | 51.6% | 11,068 |
| Sandusky | 45.4% | 9,270 | 54.6% | 11,142 |
| Scioto | 36.7% | 6,566 | 63.3% | 11,321 |
| Seneca | 40.2% | 7,179 | 59.8% | 10,692 |
| Shelby | 24.3% | 4,274 | 75.7% | 13,316 |
| Stark | 53.3% | 67,949 | 46.7% | 59,629 |
| Summit | 65.5% | 126,531 | 34.5% | 66,755 |
| Trumbull | 57.4% | 37,093 | 42.6% | 27,495 |
| Tuscarawas | 46.3% | 13,219 | 53.7% | 15,319 |
| Union | 51.0% | 13,209 | 49.0% | 12,706 |
| Van Wert | 29.0% | 2,809 | 71.0% | 6,864 |
| Vinton | 37.6% | 1,283 | 62.4% | 2,127 |
| Warren | 47.5% | 43,463 | 52.5% | 47,963 |
| Washington | 40.6% | 8,022 | 59.4% | 11,715 |
| Wayne | 42.4% | 15,911 | 57.6% | 21,589 |
| Williams | 36.9% | 4,481 | 63.1% | 7,658 |
| Wood | 55.2% | 25,929 | 44.8% | 21,037 |
| Wyandot | 38.7% | 3,006 | 61.3% | 4,762 |
Reaction edit
Within a day of the close of polling, Ohio's top Republican leaders, who preside over majorities, suggested that action would be taken against the new abortion rights granted by Issue 1.[104] Ohio Republican House Speaker Jason Stephens said that Issue 1 is "not the end of the conversation" because there are "multiple paths that we will explore to continue to protect innocent life." A spokesperson for Ohio Senate President Matt Huffman reacted to the result: "This isn't the end. It is really just the beginning of a revolving door of ballot campaigns to repeal or replace Issue 1".[105]
Two days after the result, Ohio State Representatives Jennifer Gross, Bill Dean, Melanie Miller, and Beth Lear, all Republicans, released a statement calling Issue 1 "deceptive", declaring that "Ohio legislators will consider removing jurisdiction from the judiciary over this ambiguous ballot initiative" so that only Ohio legislators can "consider what, if any, modifications to make to existing laws", instead of Ohio courts.[106]
Rick Santorum, a Republican and former U.S. Senator, commented on the result of Issue 1 and a simultaneous Ohio voter ballot measure successfully legalising recreational marijuana: "You put very sexy things like abortion and marijuana on the ballot, and a lot of young people come out and vote. It was a secret sauce for disaster in Ohio … pure democracies are not the way to run a country."[107][108] Conservative commentator Sean Hannity urged Republicans to adopt a "safe, legal, and rare" framework on abortion.[23]
According to Jessie Hill, professor and associate dean at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, the only way the Issue 1 amendment could be challenged is if there were a change to federal law regarding abortion or if another Ohio constitutional amendment restricting abortion was passed, which would mean another election that over 50% of Ohio voters would need to approve.[109]
On December 15, 2023, The Ohio Supreme Court dismissed the state of Ohio's challenge to a lower court ruling from Hamilton County which stayed Ohio's 6-week abortion ban. In March 2023, the Ohio Supreme Court agreed to review the matter following a challenge from the state. However, following the passage of Issue 1, the Ohio Supreme Court dismissed the matter citing a change in the law.[110]
Voter demographics edit
| Demographic subgroup[111] | Yes | No | % of total vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vote | 56.6 | 43.4 | 100 | |
| Age | ||||
| 18–29 years old | 77 | 23 | 12 | |
| 30–44 years old | 68 | 32 | 23 | |
| 45–64 years old | 53 | 47 | 35 | |
| 65+ years old | 45 | 55 | 30 | |
| Party ID | ||||
| Democrat | 92 | 8 | 32 | |
| Republican | 18 | 82 | 35 | |
| Independent | 64 | 36 | 33 | |
| Ideology | ||||
| Liberal | 94 | 6 | 34 | |
| Moderate | 69 | 31 | 30 | |
| Conservative | 13 | 87 | 36 | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 51 | 49 | 61 | |
| Unmarried | 67 | 33 | 39 | |
| Married With Children? | ||||
| Yes | 56 | 44 | 23 | |
| No | 57 | 43 | 77 | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 53 | 47 | 85 | |
| Black | 83 | 17 | 10 | |
| Latino | 73 | 27 | 3 | |
| Asian | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Other | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 53 | 47 | 47 | |
| Female | 60 | 40 | 53 | |
| Area Type | ||||
| Urban | 70 | 30 | 40 | |
| Suburban | 52 | 48 | 43 | |
| Rural | 40 | 60 | 18 | |
| Abortion Should Be | ||||
| Legal In All Cases | 96 | 4 | 28 | |
| Legal In Most Cases | 83 | 17 | 33 | |
| Illegal In Most Cases | 6 | 94 | 25 | |
| Illegal In All Cases | 3 | 97 | 12 | |
| White Born-Again or Evangelical Christian | ||||
| Yes | 24 | 76 | 30 | |
| No | 71 | 29 | 70 | |
| Parents | ||||
| Men With Children | 53 | 47 | 14 | |
| Women With Children | 62 | 38 | 16 | |
| Men Without Children | 54 | 46 | 33 | |
| Women Without Children | 59 | 41 | 37 | |
| Education | ||||
| Never Attended College | 42 | 58 | 18 | |
| Some College | 60 | 40 | 23 | |
| Associate's Degree | 54 | 46 | 14 | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 58 | 42 | 25 | |
| Advanced Degree | 68 | 32 | 19 | |
| Union Household | ||||
| Yes | 58 | 42 | 30 | |
| No | 57 | 43 | 70 | |
| Feelings About Roe Being Overturned | ||||
| Enthusiastic | 7 | 93 | 18 | |
| Satisfied | 21 | 79 | 18 | |
| Dissatisfied | 68 | 32 | 22 | |
| Angry | 93 | 7 | 38 | |
| 2020 Presidential Vote | ||||
| Biden | 92 | 8 | 45 | |
| Trump | 19 | 81 | 43 | |
| Another Candidate | 65 | 35 | 5 | |
| Did Not Vote | 71 | 29 | 4 | |
| Biden Approval | ||||
| Strongly Approve | 94 | 6 | 15 | |
| Somewhat Approve | 91 | 9 | 24 | |
| Somewhat Disapprove | 72 | 28 | 13 | |
| Strongly Disapprove | 23 | 77 | 46 | |
See also edit
- 2023 Ohio Issue 2
- Abortion in Ohio
- 2022 Kansas abortion referendum – Abortion ballot measure
- 2022 California Proposition 1 – Abortion and contraception proposition
- 2022 Michigan Proposal 3 – Abortion and contraception initiative
- Initiatives and referendums in the United States
References edit
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- ^ Balmert, Jessie (September 24, 2023). "Why Ohio abortion opponents aren't banning abortion before Issue 1 vote". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
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In Ohio, the main force behind the ballot initiative was physicians who said we are not willing to practice medicine under this regime and we think voters support us.
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Florida, Ohio, Georgia, and Iowa all have the sort of pro-life laws that Trump is now condemning.
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External links edit
- "The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety" official text at Ohio Attorney General
- Ohio Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023) at Ballotpedia