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National conservatism

May 02, 2024

National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national, cultural identity, communitarianism, and the public role of religion (see religion in politics). It shares aspects of traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism, while departing from economic liberalism and libertarianism, as well as taking a more agnostic approach to regulatory economics and protectionism.[1][2][3][4][5][6] National conservatives usually combine conservatism with nationalist stances, emphasizing cultural conservatism, family values and opposition to illegal immigration or opposition to immigration per se.[5][6][7] National conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural, traditionalist or peripheral basis, contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal conservative parties.[8]

In Europe, they usually embrace some form of Euroscepticism.[9][10] In post-communist central and eastern Europe specifically, most conservative parties since 1989 have followed a national conservative ideology.[11] Most notable is the government of Viktor Orbán in Hungary, who has explicitly described his party's ideology as being national conservative in character, and whose government is involved in the funding and spread of national conservative institutions across Europe and the United States, such as the Danube Institute, Mathias Corvinus Collegium, European Conservative magazine, and National Conservatism Conference.[12][13][14][15] In the United States, Trumpism can be considered a variety of national conservatism,[16][17][18] which also gives its name to the National Conservatism Conference, organised by the Edmund Burke Foundation.[19]

National conservatism was recently re-launched by Israeli-American political philosopher and Biblical scholar Yoram Hazony, with his 2022 book Conservatism: A Rediscovery.[20][21][22] Hazony has written that "In the political arena, conservatism refers to a standpoint that regards the recovery, restoration, elaboration, and repair of national and religious traditions as the key to maintaining a nation and strengthening it through time."[1]

Ideology edit

Social policies edit

Ideologically, national conservatism is not a uniform philosophy but adherents have broadly expressed support for nationalism, patriotism, assimilationism and monoculturalism. At the same time there is expressed opposition to internationalism, racial politics, multiculturalism and globalism.[23][24][25] National conservatives adhere to a form of cultural nationalism that emphasizes the preservation of national identity as well as cultural identity. As a result, many favor assimilation into the dominant culture, restrictions on immigration and strict law and order policies.[6][9][5]

National conservative parties are "socially traditional"[9] and support traditional family values, gender roles and the public role of religion,[5][26] being sometimes critical of separation of church and state. According to the Austrian political scientist Sieglinde Rosenberger, "national conservatism praises the family as a home and a center of identity, solidarity, and tradition".[26] National conservatives are thus social conservatives.

Economic policies edit

National conservative parties in different countries do not necessarily share a common position on economic policy. Their views may range from support of corporatism[citation needed] and mixed economy to a more laissez-faire approach. In the first, more common case, national conservatives can be distinguished from liberal conservatives,[27] for whom free market economic policies, deregulation and tight spending are the main priorities. Some commentators have indeed identified a growing gap between national and economic liberal conservatism: "Most parties of the Right [today] are run by economically liberal conservatives who, in varying degrees, have marginalised social, cultural and national conservatives."[27]

Foreign policy edit

National conservatives usually support a foreign policy that upholds the interests of their nation. They lean towards militarism, unilateralism and isolationism. They reject the internationalism and multilateralism that has characterized the modern global age.[28][29] They often have a negative view of the United Nations, feeling that its globalist agenda erodes their unique national identity,[28][29] as well as the European Union and other international organizations.[16]

Regionalist varieties edit

Main article: Regionalism (politics)

Regional parties can be nationalist or national-conservative, without aligning with the country to which the region belongs. South Tyrol is a notable example, as "national-conservative" parties there represent its German-speaking majority and identify with neighbouring Austria, with which South Tyrol shares cultural and historical ties.

List of national conservative political parties edit

Current national conservative parties, or parties with national conservative factions edit

The following political parties have been characterised as being ideologically influenced by national conservativism:

Defunct or formerly national conservative parties, or parties with national conservative factions edit

See also edit

References edit

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May 02, 2024
national, conservatism, nationalist, variant, conservatism, that, concentrates, upholding, national, cultural, identity, communitarianism, public, role, religion, religion, politics, shares, aspects, traditionalist, conservatism, social, conservatism, while, d. National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national cultural identity communitarianism and the public role of religion see religion in politics It shares aspects of traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism while departing from economic liberalism and libertarianism as well as taking a more agnostic approach to regulatory economics and protectionism 1 2 3 4 5 6 National conservatives usually combine conservatism with nationalist stances emphasizing cultural conservatism family values and opposition to illegal immigration or opposition to immigration per se 5 6 7 National conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural traditionalist or peripheral basis contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal conservative parties 8 In Europe they usually embrace some form of Euroscepticism 9 10 In post communist central and eastern Europe specifically most conservative parties since 1989 have followed a national conservative ideology 11 Most notable is the government of Viktor Orban in Hungary who has explicitly described his party s ideology as being national conservative in character and whose government is involved in the funding and spread of national conservative institutions across Europe and the United States such as the Danube Institute Mathias Corvinus Collegium European Conservative magazine and National Conservatism Conference 12 13 14 15 In the United States Trumpism can be considered a variety of national conservatism 16 17 18 which also gives its name to the National Conservatism Conference organised by the Edmund Burke Foundation 19 National conservatism was recently re launched by Israeli American political philosopher and Biblical scholar Yoram Hazony with his 2022 book Conservatism A Rediscovery 20 21 22 Hazony has written that In the political arena conservatism refers to a standpoint that regards the recovery restoration elaboration and repair of national and religious traditions as the key to maintaining a nation and strengthening it through time 1 Contents 1 Ideology 1 1 Social policies 1 2 Economic policies 1 3 Foreign policy 1 4 Regionalist varieties 2 List of national conservative political parties 2 1 Current national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions 2 2 Defunct or formerly national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions 3 See also 4 ReferencesIdeology editSocial policies edit Ideologically national conservatism is not a uniform philosophy but adherents have broadly expressed support for nationalism patriotism assimilationism and monoculturalism At the same time there is expressed opposition to internationalism racial politics multiculturalism and globalism 23 24 25 National conservatives adhere to a form of cultural nationalism that emphasizes the preservation of national identity as well as cultural identity As a result many favor assimilation into the dominant culture restrictions on immigration and strict law and order policies 6 9 5 National conservative parties are socially traditional 9 and support traditional family values gender roles and the public role of religion 5 26 being sometimes critical of separation of church and state According to the Austrian political scientist Sieglinde Rosenberger national conservatism praises the family as a home and a center of identity solidarity and tradition 26 National conservatives are thus social conservatives Economic policies edit National conservative parties in different countries do not necessarily share a common position on economic policy Their views may range from support of corporatism citation needed and mixed economy to a more laissez faire approach In the first more common case national conservatives can be distinguished from liberal conservatives 27 for whom free market economic policies deregulation and tight spending are the main priorities Some commentators have indeed identified a growing gap between national and economic liberal conservatism Most parties of the Right today are run by economically liberal conservatives who in varying degrees have marginalised social cultural and national conservatives 27 Foreign policy edit National conservatives usually support a foreign policy that upholds the interests of their nation They lean towards militarism unilateralism and isolationism They reject the internationalism and multilateralism that has characterized the modern global age 28 29 They often have a negative view of the United Nations feeling that its globalist agenda erodes their unique national identity 28 29 as well as the European Union and other international organizations 16 Regionalist varieties edit Main article Regionalism politics Regional parties can be nationalist or national conservative without aligning with the country to which the region belongs South Tyrol is a notable example as national conservative parties there represent its German speaking majority and identify with neighbouring Austria with which South Tyrol shares cultural and historical ties List of national conservative political parties editCurrent national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions edit The following political parties have been characterised as being ideologically influenced by national conservativism Albania Democratic Party of Albania 11 Republican Party of Albania 30 Armenia Conservative Party Constitutional Rights Union For Social Justice Prosperous Armenia Republican Party of Armenia 31 Sasna Tsrer Pan Armenian Party 5165 National Conservative Movement Party Austria Freedom Party of Austria 32 Alliance for the Future of Austria 33 Australia Pauline Hanson s One Nation 34 Bangladesh Bangladesh Nationalist Party citation needed Belarus BPF Party Conservative Christian Party BPF Belgium Flemish Interest 35 Bosnia and Herzegovina Party of Democratic Action 36 Democratic People s Alliance 37 Party of Democratic Progress 11 Brazil Liberal Party Progressistas 38 Brazilian Labour Party Patriota Bulgaria GERB Revival VMRO Bulgarian National Movement 39 National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria Union of Democratic Forces 11 Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria 11 Democratic Party 11 Cambodia Cambodian People s Party 40 Chile Republican Party Chile 2019 Croatia Homeland Movement 41 Croatian Sovereignists 42 Croatian Democratic Union 43 Cyprus Solidarity Movement 44 Czech Republic Tricolour Citizens Movement Civic Democratic Party 45 46 Denmark Danish People s Party 47 The New Right 48 Denmark Democrats Estonia Conservative People s Party of Estonia 49 Isamaa 11 Finland Finns Party 50 51 France National Rally 52 France Arise 53 Movement for France 54 Action Francaise 55 Reconquete Georgia Conservative Party of Georgia Alliance of Patriots of Georgia Georgian Dream Germany Alternative for Germany 56 The Republicans 57 German Social Union 58 Greece Independent Greeks 59 Greek Solution 60 Golden Dawn 61 New Right 62 Hungary Fidesz 11 63 64 Christian Democratic People s Party 65 Independent Smallholders Party 65 Jobbik 66 India Bharatiya Janata Party 67 Hindu Mahasabha 68 Indonesia Great Indonesia Movement Party 69 Golkar 70 Ireland Fianna Fail 71 Israel Likud 72 73 Yamina Italy Brothers of Italy 74 Forza Italia faction Protagonist Italy Citizens Union for South Tyrol 75 South Tyrolean Freedom 75 76 regionalist Japan Liberal Democratic Party 77 78 Kenya Jubilee Party Latvia National Alliance 79 Liechtenstein Progressive Citizens Party 80 Lithuania Homeland Union 11 Order and Justice 81 Luxembourg Alternative Democratic Reform Party 82 Malaysia United Malays National Organisation 83 Montenegro New Serb Democracy 84 Patriotic Komitas Union of Montenegro Myanmar Union Solidarity and Development Party 85 Nepal Rastriya Prajatantra Party Netherlands Forum for Democracy 86 JA21 North Macedonia VMRO DPMNE 11 87 VMRO People s Party 88 Norway Progress Party 89 The Democrats 90 Pakistan Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz 91 Panama Panamenista Party 92 Paraguay Colorado Party 93 Philippines Nacionalista Party 94 Poland United Right Law and Justice 11 95 and United Poland 96 Confederation Liberty and Independence factions 97 98 mainly National Movement 99 Right Wing of the Republic 99 Portugal CDS People s Party 100 Enough 101 Romania National Identity Bloc in Europe Greater Romania Party 102 and United Romania Party Alliance for the Union of Romanians 103 104 People s Movement Party 105 106 107 108 109 110 Russia All Russia People s Front 111 112 United Russia 113 and Rodina 114 Great Russia Russian All People s Union 115 Serbia Democratic Party of Serbia 11 116 Serbian Radical Party Serbian Patriotic Alliance 117 United Serbia Serbian People s Party People s Peasant Party New Serbia Better Serbia Fatherland People s Freedom Movement Serbian Party Oathkeepers Serbian Right Obraz Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia Singapore People s Action Party 118 Slovakia Slovak National Party 9 We Are Family 119 Slovenia Slovenian Democratic Party 11 South Korea People Power Party 120 Spain Vox 121 Sweden Sweden Democrats 122 Switzerland Swiss People s Party 123 Federal Democratic Union 124 Taiwan Kuomintang Chinese Nationalist Party 125 New Party Taiwan Solidarity Union Thailand Palang Pracharath Party 126 United Thai Nation Party 127 Turkey People s Alliance 128 Justice and Development Party 129 and Nationalist Movement Party 130 Nation Alliance factions mainly Good Party 136 and Homeland Party Ukraine Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists People s Front 137 Svoboda 138 National Corps Right Sector 139 United Kingdom Democratic Unionist Party 140 Traditional Unionist Voice 141 UK Independence Party 142 British Democrats Reform UK Conservative Party UK faction United States Republican Party factions 143 American Freedom Party Defunct or formerly national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions edit Armenia Law and Unity Austria Fatherland Front Australia Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party Belgium Rexist Party 144 Vlaams Blok 145 Brazil Brazilian Integralist Action 146 Canada Union Nationale 147 Czech Republic Realists Czechoslovakia Czechoslovak National Democracy 148 Party of National Unity 149 France Rally for the Republic 71 Germany German National People s Party 150 Deutsche Rechtspartei 151 The Blue Party 152 German People s Union 153 Hungary Hungarian Democratic Forum 64 65 Unity Party 154 India Bharatiya Jana Sangh 155 Iran Rastakhiz Party 156 failed verification Israel National Union Hatikva Union of Right Wing Parties Italy National Fascist Party 157 Italian Nationalist Association 158 Italian Social Movement National Alliance 159 160 The Right 161 Moldova Șor Party Norway Fatherland League 162 Poland National Democracy 163 League of Polish Families 164 165 Kukiz 15 166 Portugal National Union 167 Romania Conservative Party 11 168 169 170 171 172 173 Slovakia Slovak People s Party 174 Slovak National Party People s Party Movement for a Democratic Slovakia Conservative Democrats of Slovakia 175 South Africa National Party 176 South Korea Democratic Republican Party 177 Democratic Justice Party New Korea Party Liberty Korea Party 178 Spain FET y de las JONS 167 CEDA 179 People s Alliance 180 Yugoslavia Yugoslav Radical Union Yugoslav National Movement 181 See also edit nbsp Conservatism portal Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe European Alliance for Freedom Europe of Nations and Freedom Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom Nationalism Neo nationalism Opposition to immigration Paleoconservatism Right wing populism Souverainism Traditionalist conservatism Ultraconservatism UltranationalismReferences edit a b Hazony Yoram 2022 Conservatism A Rediscovery Forum ISBN 978 1800752337 ANDREW HEYWOOD 2018 ESSENTIALS OF POLITICAL IDEAS for a level S l PALGRAVE ISBN 978 1137611673 OCLC 1005867754 Berkowitz Peter ed 2004 Varieties of conservatism in America Stanford Calif Hoover Institution Press ISBN 0817945725 OCLC 839305105 Dahms Harry F ed 7 November 2014 Mediations of social life in the 21st century Bingle UK ISBN 9781784412227 OCLC 896728569 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b c d Sibarium Aaron 15 August 2019 National Conservatism A Guide for the Perplexed The American Interest Retrieved 18 January 2024 a b c Gallagher Brenden 11 August 2019 The national conservatism movement just began does it have a future The Daily Dot Retrieved 18 January 2024 Littlejohn Brad Summer 2023 National Conservatism Then and Now National Affairs Retrieved 18 January 2024 Vit Hlousek Lubomir Kopecek 2010 Origin Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties East Central and Western Europe Compared Routledge p 178 ISBN 978 1 317 08503 4 a b c d Nordsieck Wolfram Parties and Elections in Europe Parties and elections eu Retrieved 9 May 2015 Traynor Ian The EU s weary travellers Archived 7 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 4 April 2006 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bakke Elisabeth 2010 Central and East European party systems since 1989 Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 Cambridge University Press p 79 Ferraresi Mattia 29 January 2024 Nationalists Claim They Want to Redefine Conservatism but They re Not Sure What It Is Foreign Policy Retrieved 26 January 2024 O Sullivan John 9 April 2018 Hungary Embraces National Conservatism National Review Retrieved 26 January 2024 Chotiner Isaac 10 August 2021 Why Conservatives Around the World Have Embraced Hungary s Viktor Orban The New Yorker ISSN 0028 792X Retrieved 26 January 2024 O Sullivan John 9 April 2018 Hungary Embraces National Conservatism Danube Institute Danube Institute Retrieved 26 January 2024 a b National conservatives are forging a global front against liberalism The Economist London The Economist Group 15 February 2024 Archived from the original on 20 February 2024 Retrieved 21 February 2024 Meaney Thomas Trumpism After Trump Will the movement outlive the man Harper s Magazine Vol February 2020 ISSN 0017 789X Retrieved 8 July 2023 Beauchamp Zack 17 July 2019 Trump and the dead end of conservative nationalism Vox Retrieved 8 July 2023 Overview Luban Daniel 26 July 2019 The Man Behind National Conservatism Yoram Hazony has written the closest thing to a manifesto for intellectuals on the right The New Republic ISSN 0028 6583 Retrieved 18 January 2024 Robinson Peter M 22 June 2022 Yoram Hazony Rediscovers Conservatism Hoover Institution Retrieved 18 January 2024 Baker Gerard 18 January 2024 Yoram Hazony and the Future of Conservatism Opinion Free Expression WSJ Podcasts The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 18 January 2024 Ferraresi Mattia 10 April 2020 Nationalists Claim They Want to Redefine Conservatism but They re Not Sure What It Is Foreign Policy Washington D C Graham Holdings Company standing in stark opposition to political theories grounded in race Thus in addition to formulating their political theses around ideas of nationality and values the national conservatives also include ideas about race culture and religion to define their outlooks Franklin Peter 9 March 2023 National conservatism has a future in Britain UnHerd London MacDougald Park 19 July 2019 What the Hell Is National Conservatism Anyway New York Magazine New York City New York Media a b Rosenberger Sieglinde Europe is swinging towards the right What are the effects on women Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine University of Vienna 2002 Retrieved 6 December 2010 a b National Questions National Review Vol 49 Issue 12 30 June 1997 pp 16 17 a b Littlejohn Brad National Conservatism Then and Now National Affairs United States National Affairs Inc a b Dueck Colin 22 January 2021 Conservative Nationalism and US Foreign Policy AEI American Enterprise Institute Wolfram Nordsieck Parties and Elections in Europe Parties and elections eu Retrieved 9 May 2015 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Politic HotNews ro 4 July 2021 Bătălia din PNL intră in faza ideologică Ludovic Orban propune o orientare conservatoare bazată pe biserică familie drapel și sat Atac la USR Avem niste parteneri de guvernare care de multe ori parcă nu s au născut aici 4 July 2021 Moldova Europa Liberă 5 July 2021 In lupta pentru șefia PNL din Romania liderul partidului Ludovic Orban vrea să intărească aripa conservatoare Radio Europa Liberă Ovidiu Raețchi PNL Ludovic Orban a ajuns să meargă pe drumul toxic al lui Viktor Orban 4 July 2021 Pronostic Alegerile din 2024 pe scena politică romanească Conservatorii PNL și PMP contra progresiștii de la USR PLUS 21 March 2021 Rares Bogdan Nu suntem de acord cu infierea copiilor de către cupluri ale minorităţilor sexuale pentru că lucrul ăsta e o chestie care schimbă lumea Dacă cineva crede că va putea nouă să ne răpească bucuria de a spune mamă tată se insală 21 March 2021 Camus Jean Yves 2016 Far Right Politics in Europe Harvard University Press p 242 Batora Jozef 11 June 2010 Hungary is the main issue in the Slovakian elections Toute l Europe archived from the original on 13 February 2013 retrieved 31 January 2012 Krabill Ron 2010 Starring Mandela and Cosby Media and the End s of Apartheid University of Chicago Press p 51 현대 한국정치 이론 역사 현실 1945 2011 240p 265p Jun Hyeok Kwak 11 June 2013 Nationalism and Democracy Revisited PDF Soongsil University Archived from the original PDF on 10 August 2017 Retrieved 5 February 2020 Blinkhorn Martin 2002 Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932 1939 Routledge p 140 Dudek Carolyn Marie 2005 EU Accession and Spanish Regional Development Peter Lang p 47 Kuljic Todor 2017 Post Yugoslav Memory Culture Lambert p 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National conservatism amp oldid 1221245144, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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