League of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past.[20][21][22][23][24][25] The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage.[26]
League of Polish Families Liga Polskich Rodzin | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Witold Bałażak[1] |
| Founder | Roman Giertych |
| Founded | 30 May 2001 |
| Merger of | National Democratic Party National Party |
| Headquarters | ul. Hoża 9, 00-528 Warsaw |
| Ideology | Current: Christian conservatism[2] Theodemocracy[3][verification needed] Social conservatism[4] Civic nationalism[5] Familialism[6] Pro-Europeanism[7] Historical: National Democracy[8] Polish nationalism[9] National conservatism[10][11][12] Political Catholicism[13] Hard Euroscepticism[8] |
| Political position | Right-wing[14] Historical: Far-right[15][16][17][18] |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| National affiliation | Civic Coalition[19] |
| European affiliation | European Christian Political Movement |
| Colours | Sky blue |
| Anthem | "Rota" |
| Sejm | 0 / 460 |
| Senate | 0 / 100 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 51 |
| Website | |
| www | |
It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński[27] until the latter dissolved in September 2007.[28] In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.
The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations.
History edit
The LPR was created just before the elections in 2001 and gained 8% of the vote, giving it 38 out of 460 seats in the Sejm and 2 seats in the Senate. Its former leader, Roman Giertych, studied Law and History at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. During his career his political alliances have included such Polish National Democrats as Jan Łopuszański, Antoni Macierewicz,[29] Gabriel Janowski.[30]
Roman Giertych reactivated the "All-Polish Youth" (Młodzież Wszechpolska) organisation in 1989, becoming its chairman; he remains honorary chairman. For several years he was a member of the National-Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne) and the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe), which merged with several other organisations to form the League of Polish Families (Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) in 2001.
Roman Giertych's father, Maciej Giertych, also a member of LPR, is a former member of the European Parliament. His grandfather was a member of parliament of the Second Polish Republic prior to World War II from the National Democracy Party. Some sources claim that the LPR owes much of its success to Radio Maryja, a Catholic radio station with a nationalist, ultra-conservative agenda.
The performance of League of Polish Families in the September 2001 elections, has been partly attributed to its well publicized and uncompromising attitude towards Jedwabne pogrom.[31] During the election campaign Ryszard Bender, one of the LPR founders and leaders, participated in LPR television broadcasts denying the facts of the Jedwabne pogrom of 1941 and accusing President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, who participated in commemoration ceremony, that took place in the village of Jedwabne in July 2001, of bowing to Jewish interest groups.[32]
Soon after the election in 2001 a group of deputies separated from LPR, creating a new party known now as Polish Agreement led by Jan Łopuszański and Catholic-National Movement (Ruch Katolicko-Narodowy) led by Antoni Macierewicz.[33][citation needed]
In the 2004 elections to the European Parliament, LPR received 15,2% votes, which gave it 10 out of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the European Parliament. This made the LPR the second-largest party in Poland in that election, second only to the liberal conservative Civic Platform (PO), and well ahead of the then ruling post-communist Democratic Left Alliance, the populist Samoobrona and the conservative Law and Justice (PiS). However, the overall turnout of that election was less than 20% of eligible voters. Thus, the long-term significance of the LPR's strong performance in that election is unclear. In the 2005 elections, LPR again received 8% of votes, but saw its seats reduced from 38 to 34. However, it gained five seats in the Senate, taking it up to 7.
In the 2007 Parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% of votes required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, in addition to failing meeting the 3% of votes requirement for eligibility to receive government funding. The leader of the party, Roman Giertych, stepped down from his post as the party's leader.
Some present or former members of LPR (including Janusz Dobrosz) and five of its MEPs moved to Forward Poland in 2008/9.
In the 2010s, the party became more moderate and changed its attitude towards the European Union. In parliamentary and presidential elections, it usually supports the candidates of the Civic Platform or the Polish People's Party. In 2019, LPR declared its accession to the European Coalition. Roman Giertych is an active supporter of polish opposition and Committee for the Defence of Democracy. He also cooperates with Civic Platform and Poland 2050. Its leader, Roman Giertych, has stated his intention to run for the Polish senate in the upcoming 2023 Polish parliamentary election.
Ideology edit
The party was described as belonging to the populist current in European politics, that juxtaposes the 'simple man' and the 'corrupt elite'.[34]
The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics described the party as clerical-nationalist,[35] the party's agenda combining conservative social values, Christian solidarity and nationalism. Adam Michnik has characterized the groups that formed the party as the heirs of the chauvinist, xenophobic and antisemitic organizations of the pre-war Poland.[36]
Some of the policies the LPR opposes include: the selling of land to foreigners (especially German expellees), abolishing the draft, legalization of "soft drugs", legalization of abortion, euthanasia, and gay marriage. It supports capital punishment, maintaining universal health care and public education, and supports the withdrawal of Polish troops from Iraq. The LPR also supports the publication of the complete archives of the Polish communist secret police—in other words, full "de-Communization".[citation needed]
The party particularly appealed to voters sympathetic towards traditional social values, the Catholic faith, and the concept of Polish national sovereignty. Its policies also attract some who feel lost in the post-1989 political transformation of the country, although the populist Andrzej Lepper's Samoobrona ("Self Defense"), also speaking out for the 'simple man', menaced by the post 1989 changes[34] thus, appeal more directly to so-called marginalized voters. The press close to the party has published antisemitic articles; some of the Polish politicians like Adam Michnik have been characterized as pink hyenas representing non-Polish interests, assisted by Mossad and “godless, satanical masons propagating nihilism and demoralisation.” Those “dark forces” are said to be fiercely opposed to a Catholic state of the Polish nation.[37]
The party was considered staunchly homophobic,[38] and its opposition to same-sex marriage and several other demands of Polish gays and lesbians has led to condemnation of the party by the European Commission.[39] It was also labelled as antisemitic by some authors.[40][41]
In the 2010s, LPR ceased to arouse controversy and began gradually moving to the centre. The party is no longer xenophobic and Eurosceptic. Its views on religion have also become more moderate.
Stance towards the European Union edit
The party was anti-EU. The Economist reported in 2002 that the LPR spreads the word that the EU is a communist conspiracy.[42] Although it was the only significant political force in Poland that unconditionally opposed Polish membership in the European Union (believing that a union controlled by social liberals could never be reformed), after Polish accession to the EU the party participated in European Parliament elections, in order to have actual influence over decisions made regarding Poland. During the 2004 controversy surrounding Rocco Buttiglione (the conservative Italian nominee as European Commissioner for "Justice, Freedom, and Security"), the LPR deputies demanded the dissolution of the parliament, feeling that it was too much under the influence of a homosexual lobby.[citation needed]. In 2004, 31 MEPs from the UK, Poland, Denmark and Sweden formed the new Independence/Democracy, formerly the group for Europe of Democracies and Diversities. The main goals of this group were the rejection of any European Constitution and opposition to any plans for a federal Europe. Currently, LPR is pro-European and considers membership in the European Union as the will of the Polish nation. Although it retains its nationalistic ideology, it mainly supports the EU.
Election results edit
Sejm edit
| Election year | # of votes | % of vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 1,025,148 | 7.9 (#6) | 38 / 460 | SLD-UP-PSL (2001-2003) | |
| SLD-UP (2003-2005) | |||||
| SLD-UP-SDPL (2004-2005) | |||||
| 2005 | 940,762 | 8.0 (#5) | 34 / 460 | 4 | PiS Minority (2005) |
| PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007) | |||||
| 2007 | 209,171 | 1.3 (#6) | 0 / 460 | 34 | PO–PSL |
Senate edit
European Parliament edit
| Election year | # of votes | % of vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 969,689 | 15.9 (#2) | 10 / 54 | |||
| 2009 | 83,754 | 1.1 (#8) | 0 / 50 | 10 | ||
| Running as part of Libertas Poland. | ||||||
Regional assemblies edit
Literature edit
- The League of Polish Families between East and West, past and present by Sarah L. de Lange and Simona Guerrab. In: Communist and Post-Communist Studies. Volume 42, Issue 4, December 2009, pp. 527–549
See also edit
References edit
- ^ . lpr.pl. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Roman Giertych on X: "W Teksasie, za zgodą SN, de facto zlikwidowano aborcję. Zmienia się powoli na świecie podejście do tego tragicznego dziedzictwa XX wieku."". from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ "Giertych wciąż walczy z Darwinem". from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. December 2011. p. 540. ISBN 9781442209961. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ "Giertych zaczepia Bąkiewicza: "Mój wujek z Kedywu walnąłby ci w łeb". Internauci oburzeni: "Żenujące"; "Niebywałe"". from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ "Roman Giertych o deklaracji LGBT Trzaskowskiego: Popełnił Błąd". from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ "Powrót LPR - Popiera Koalicję Europejską". rp.pl. from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ a b De Wilde, Pieter; Trenz, Hans-Jörg; Michailidou, Asimina (2013). Contesting Europe: Exploring Euroscepticism in Online Media Coverage. ECPR Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1907301513. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ Belavusau, Uladzislau (8 October 2013). Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1135071981. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ Jean-Michel De Waele; Anna Pacześniak (2012). "The Europeanisation of Poland's Political Parties and Party System". In Erol Külahci (ed.). Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-907301-84-1. from the original on 2023-09-08. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
- ^ Gwiazda, Anna (2015). Democracy in Poland. Routledge.
national conservative League of Polish Families (LPR) had a high percentage of women
- ^ "EU country briefing: Poland". Euractiv. 15 April 2019. from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ Bakke, Elisabeth (2010), "Central and East European party systems since 1989", Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, Cambridge University Press, p. 80, ISBN 9781139487504, from the original on 8 September 2023, retrieved 17 November 2011
- ^ "Robert Biedroń: Giertych to powrót do przeszłości". Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ Auer, Stefan (31 July 2004), Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe, Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 9781134378609, retrieved 10 December 2011
- ^ Neumayer, Laure (2009), "Euroscepticism as a Political Label in Central Europe: What has Changed with the Accession?", Euroscepticism and European integration, CPI/PSRC, p. 186, ISBN 9789537022204, retrieved 10 December 2011
- ^ Pankowski, Rafal; Kornak, Marcin (2005), "Poland", Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Routledge, p. 157, ISBN 9780415355933, retrieved 10 December 2011
- ^ Porter, Brian (2006), "Rydzyk, Tadeusz", Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 479, ISBN 9780313323621, retrieved 10 December 2011
- ^ "Grzegorz Schetyna: Roman Giertych będzie światłem, które pokaże słabość Jarosława Kaczyńskiego". from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ Arató, Krisztina; Kaniok, Petr (2009). Euroscepticism and European Integration. ISBN 9789537022204. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ Domenico, Roy Palmer; Hanley, Mark Y. (2006). Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics: L-Z. ISBN 9780313323621. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9780415355933. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ [1] 2023-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (“extreme right”)
- ^ Fogelklou, Anders; Sterzel, Fredrik (2003). Consolidating Legal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9789187582189. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ Seleny, Anna (13 February 2006). The Political Economy of State-Society Relations in Hungary and Poland. ISBN 9780521835640. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/wyborcza/1,34591,3484547.html%7Ctytuł=Dmowskiego[permanent dead link] do Ligi bym nie przyjął|opublikowany=gazeta.pl
- ^ "Polish President Appoints His Twin Brother as Premier (Update2)". Bloomberg. 10 July 2006. from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ Centre-Right Parties Almost Tied in Poland: Angus Reid Global Monitor 2009-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (11 April 2009). The Neighbors Respond. ISBN 978-1400825813. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ . EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ Stefan Auer (2004). Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0-415-31479-8.
- ^ Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 0-415-35593-1. OCLC 55228719.
- ^ de Lange, Sarah L.; Guerra, Simona (December 2009). "The League of Polish Families Between East and West, Past and Present". Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 42 (2): 535 – via JSTOR.
- ^ a b Borejsza, Jerzy W.; Ziemer, Klaus; Hułas, Magdalena (2006). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. ISBN 9781571816412. from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ 'Social Poland'Defeats 'Liberal Poland'? The September–October 2005 Polish Parliamentary and Presidential Elections by Aleks Szczerbiak. In: Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 23, Issue 2 June 2007, pages 203 - 232
- ^ The Polish Witch-Hunt By Adam Michnik. Available at http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc 2011-03-12 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 23 August 2010.
- ^ Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in Europe, legacies and lessons from the twentieth century. By Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk). p. 365.
- ^ Tarrant, Shira (10 December 2007). Men Speak Out. ISBN 9780203935064. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-415-35593-3.
- ^ Michlic, Joanna B. (2006). Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present. University of Nebraska Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8032-3240-2.
- ^ Poland's right-wingers On the rise. The Economist, Dec 12th 2002
External links edit
- (in Polish) Official website