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Wikipedia

Beijing Subway

January 20, 2023

For the commuter rail service in Beijing, see Beijing Suburban Railway.

The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 470 stations.[1] The rail network extends 797 km (495 mi)[1] across 12 urban and suburban districts of Beijing and into one district of Langfang in neighboring Hebei province. With 3.8484 billion trips delivered in 2018,[2] an average of 10.544 million trips per day,[2] the Beijing Subway is the world's busiest metro system. Single-day ridership set a record of 13.7538 million on July 12, 2019.[3]

Beijing Subway
Logo of Beijing Subway
Overview
Native name
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese北京地铁
Traditional Chinese北京地鐵
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBěijīng Dìtiě
OwnerBeijing Municipal Government
LocaleBeijing & Langfang, Hebei
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines25
Number of stations470[1]
Daily ridership10.544 million (2018 daily avg.)[2]
13.7538 million (12 July 2019 record)[3]
Annual ridership3.8484 billion (2018)[2]
Websitehttp://www.bjsubway.com/
http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/
http://www.bjmoa.cn/
Operation
Began operation15 January 1971; 52 years ago (1971-01-15)
Operator(s)
Number of vehicles6,173 Revenue Railcars (2019)[4]
Technical
System length797 km (495 mi)[1]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification
System map

The Beijing Subway opened in 1971 and is the oldest metro system in mainland China and on the mainland of East Asia. Before the system began its rapid expansion in 2002, the subway had only two lines. The existing network still cannot adequately meet the city's mass transit needs. Beijing Subway's extensive expansion plans call for 998.5 km (620.4 mi)[5] of lines serving a projected 18.5 million trips every day when Phase 2 Construction Plan finished (around 2025).[6][7][8] The most recent expansion came into effect on December 31, 2022, with the opening of an extension to Line 16.

Fares

Fare schedules

Single-ride fare
The Beijing Subway charges single-ride fare according to trip distance for all lines except the two airport express lines.

  • For all lines except the two airport express lines, fares start at ¥3 for a trip up to 6 km in distance, with ¥1 added for the next 6 km, for every 10 km thereafter until the trip distance reaches 32 km, and for every 20 km beyond the first 32 km.[9] A 40 km trip would cost ¥7.
  • The Capital Airport Express has a fixed fare of ¥25 per ride.[10]
  • The Daxing Airport Express is the only line to maintain class-based fares with ordinary class fare varying with distance from ¥10 to ¥35 and business class fare fixed at ¥50 per ride.[11]

Same-station transfers are free on all subway lines except the two Airport Express lines, the Xijiao Line and the Yizhuang T1 Line, which require the purchase of a new fare when transferring to or from those lines.

Fare free riders

Children below 1.3 metres (51 in) in height ride for free when accompanied by a paying adult.[12] Senior citizens over the age of 65, individuals with physical disabilities, retired revolutionary cadres, police and army veterans who had been wounded in action, military personnel and People's Armed Police can ride the subway for free.[13]

Unlimited-rides fare
Since January 20, 2019, riders can purchase unlimited rides fare tickets using the Yitongxing (亿通行) APP on smartphones, which generates a QR code with effective periods of one to seven days.

Distance-based single-ride fare schedule
Fare Trip distance
¥3 <6 km
¥4 6–12 km
¥5 12–22 km
¥6 22–32 km
¥7 32–52 km
¥8 52–72 km
¥9 72–92 km
¥10 92–112 km
Unlimited-rides fare schedule
Period Price
1 day ¥20
2 days ¥30
3 days ¥40
5 days ¥70
7 days ¥90

Riders can look up fares by checking fare schedules posted in stations, calling the subway hotline 96165, going to the Beijing Subway website, or using the subway's smartphone app.

Previous fare schedules
On December 28, 2014, the Beijing Subway switched from a fixed-fare schedule to the current distance-based fare schedule for all lines except the Capital Airport Express.[9][11] Prior to the December 28, 2014 fare increase, passengers paid a flat rate of RMB(¥) 2.00 (including unlimited fare-free transfers) for all lines except the Capital Airport Express, which cost ¥25,[14] The flat fare was the lowest among metro systems in China.[15] Before the flat fare schedule was introduced on October 7, 2007, fares ranged from ¥3 to ¥7, depending on the line and number of transfers.

Fare collection

Each station has two to 15 ticket vending machines.[16] Ticket vending machines on all lines can add credit to Yikatong cards.[17]

Discounts for Yikatong card users
Monthly
expenditure 		Net expenditure
after credit rebate 		Net discount
¥50 ¥50 0%
¥100 ¥100 0%
¥150 ¥140 6.67%
¥200 ¥165 17.5%
¥250 ¥190 24%
¥300 ¥215 28.3%
¥350 ¥240 31.4%
¥400 ¥265 33.75%
¥450 ¥315 30%
¥500 ¥365 27%

Passengers must insert the ticket or scan the card at the gate both before entering and exiting the station. The subway's fare collection gates accept single-ride tickets and the Yikatong fare card. Passengers can purchase tickets and add credit to Yikatong card at ticket counters or vending machines in every station. The Yikatong, also known as Beijing Municipal Administration & Communication Card (BMAC), is an integrated circuit card that stores credit for the subway, urban and suburban buses and e-money for other purchases.[18] The Yikatong card itself must be purchased at the ticket counter. To enter a station, the Yikatong card must have a minimum balance of ¥3.00.[19]

Beijing Subway fare media
 
A single-ride farecard

To prevent fraud, passengers are required to complete their journeys within four hours upon entering the subway.[13] If the four-hour limit is exceeded, a surcharge of ¥3 is imposed.[20] Each Yikatong card is allowed to be overdrawn once. The overdrawn amount is deducted when credits are added to the card.[21]

Yikatong card users who spend more than ¥100 on subway fare in a calendar month will receive credits to their card the following month.[9] After reaching ¥100 of spending in one calendar month, 20% of any further spending up to ¥150 will be credited. When spending exceeds ¥150, 50% of any further spending up to ¥250 will be credited.[9] Once expenditures exceed ¥400, further spending won't earn any more credits.[9] The credits are designed to ease commuters' burdens of fare increases.[9]

Beginning in June 2017, single-journey tickets could be purchased via a phone app.[22] A May 2018 upgrade allowed entrance via scanning a QR code from the same app.[23]

Lines in operation

Beijing Subway lines generally follow the checkerboard layout of the city. Most lines through the urban core (outlined by the Line 10 loop) run parallel or perpendicular to each other and intersect at right angles.

 
Schematic map of Beijing Subway lines in operation. (Not to scale)
Line Name Code Terminals
(District) 		Opened
[24]		 Newest
Ext. 		Length
km 		Stations
(# above ground) 		Operator
01 1  &  Batong [a] M1 Pingguoyuan
(Shijingshan) 		Universal Resort
(Tongzhou) 		1969 2021 50.9 36 (13)
 
02 2 
loop line 		M2 Xizhimen
(Xicheng) 		Jishuitan
(Xicheng) 		1984 1987 23.1 18
 
04 4  &  Daxing [b] M4 Anheqiaobei
(Haidian) 		Tiangongyuan
(Daxing) 		2009 2010[b] 49.4 35 (2)
 
05 5  M5 Tiantongyuanbei
(Changping) 		Songjiazhuang
(Fengtai) 		2007 — 27.6 23 (7)
 
06 6  M6 Jin'anqiao
(Shijingshan) 		Lucheng
(Tongzhou) 		2012 2018 53.4[28] 33[c]
 
07 7  M7 Beijing West railway station
(Fengtai) 		Universal Resort
(Tongzhou) 		2014 2021 40.3 30
 
08 8  M8 Zhuxinzhuang
(Changping) 		Yinghai
(Daxing) 		2008 2021 49.5 34 (3)[c]
 
09 9  M9 Guojia Tushuguan (National Library)
(Haidian) 		Guogongzhuang
(Fengtai) 		2011 2012 16.5 13
 
10 10 
loop line 		M10 Bagou
(Haidian) 		Chedaogou
(Haidian) 		2008 2013 57.1 45
 
11 11 
 M11 Jin'anqiao
(Shijingshan) 		Xinshougang (Shougang Park)
(Shijingshan) 		2021 — 1.54 3
 
13 13  M13 Xizhimen
(Xicheng) 		Dongzhimen
(Dongcheng) 		2002 2003 40.9 17 (16)
 
14 14  M14 Zhangguozhuang
(Fengtai) 		Shangezhuang
(Chaoyang) 		2013 2021 47.3 33 (2)[c]
 
15 15  M15 Qinghua Donglu Xikou
(Haidian) 		Fengbo
(Shunyi) 		2010 2014 41.4 20 (4)
 
16 16  M16 Bei'anhe
(Haidian) 		Yushuzhuang
(Fengtai) 		2016 2022 45.7 25
 
17 17  M17 Shilihe
(Chaoyang) 		Jiahuihu
(Tongzhou) 		2021 — 16.5 7
 
 19  M19 Mudanyuan
(Haidian) 		Xingong
(Fengtai) 		2021 — 22.4 10[1]
 
 Yizhuang  M24 Songjiazhuang
(Fengtai) 		Yizhuang railway station
(Tongzhou) 		2010 2018 23.3 14 (8)
 
 Fangshan  M25 North Dongguantounan
(Fengtai) 		Yancundong
(Fangshan) 		2010 2020 31.8 16 (10)
 
 Yanfang  M25 South Yancundong
(Fangshan) 		Yanshan
(Fangshan) 		2017 — 14.4 9 (9)
 
 S1 
Maglev 		M26 Pingguoyuan
(Shijingshan) 		Shichang
(Mentougou) 		2017 2021 10.2[29] 8 (8)
 
 Changping  M27 Changping Xishankou
(Changping) 		Qinghe railway station
(Haidian) 		2010 2021 33.5 13 (6)
 
 Capital Airport  M34[30] Beixinqiao
(Dongcheng) 		2 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 2) (Chaoyang)
3 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 3) (Shunyi) 		2008 2021 29.9 5 (1)
 
 Daxing Airport  M35[31] Caoqiao
(Fengtai) 		Daxing Jichang (Daxing Airport) (Guangyang, Langfang)
 2019 — 41.36 3
 
 Xijiao 
LRT 		— Bagou
(Haidian) 		Fragrant Hills
(Haidian) 		2017 — 8.8 6 (6)
 
 Yizhuang T1 
LRT 		— Quzhuang'
(Daxing) 		Dinghaiyuan
(Tongzhou) 		2020 — 11.9 14 (14)
 
Total 797[1] 470[1] (109)
 
A Line 2 train
 
Line 1 platform at Tian'anmen East Station
 
Ticket entry gates at Yuanmingyuan Park station
 
Capital Airport Express

Lines through the urban core

The urban core of Beijing is roughly outlined by the Line 10 loop, which runs underneath or just beyond the 3rd Ring Road. Each of the following lines provides extensive service within the Line 10 loop. All have connections to seven or more lines. Lines 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8 also run through the Line 2 loop, marking the old Ming-Qing era city of Beijing.

Lines serving outlying suburbs

Each of the following lines provides service predominantly to one or more of the suburbs beyond the 5th Ring Road. Lines 15, S1 along with the Changping, Daxing, Yanfang lines extend beyond the 6th Ring Road.

Future expansion

Phase II

According to the Phase 2 construction plan approved by the NDRC in 2015, the length of Beijing Subway will reach 998.5 km (620.4 mi)[32] when the Phase 2 construction finished.[32] By then, public transit will comprise 60% of all trips. Of those, the subway will comprise 62%.[32] The adjustment of the Phase 2 construction plan was approved by the NDRC on December 5, 2019.[33] Which altered and expanded some projects in the Phase 2 construction plan. Including adjusting alignments of Line 22 and Line 28 and additional projects such as the Daxing Airport Line north extension, the west section of Line 11 and transforming Line 13 into two lines, 13A and 13B.[34]

 
A map showing Beijing subway lines currently in operation (solid lines) and subway lines approved by the NDRC (dashed lines). The map is not drawn to scale.
Future Expansion (Phase 2)
Planned
opening 		Line Phase & Section Terminals
(District) 		Route Description Construction
since 		Length
(km) 		Stations Status Refs
2023  1  Renovation on military section Pingguoyuan
(Shijingshan) 		Fushouling
(Shijingshan) 		2020 1.6 2 Under construction [35]
 3  Phase I Dongsi Shitiao
(Dongcheng) 		Dongfeng
(Chaoyang) 		2017 15.6 10 [36][37]
 12  Sijiqing
(Haidian) 		Dongfeng
(Chaoyang) 		Following the North Third Ring Road 2015 29.6 20 [38][39]
 17  North section of Phase I Future Science Park North
(Changping) 		Workers' Stadium
(Chaoyang) 		2015 33 14 [40]
 Daxing Airport  North extension Lize Shangwuqu
(Fengtai) 		Caoqiao
(Fengtai) 		2020 3.5 1 [41]
 Changping  South extension Qinghe railway station
(Haidian) 		Xitucheng
(Haidian) 		2017 11 7 [42][43][44]
2024 - 2025  22 
(Pinggu) 		Dongdaqiao
(Chaoyang) 		Pinggu
(Pinggu) 		2021 81.2 21 [45]
 28 
(CBD line) 		Dongdaqiao
(Chaoyang) 		Guangqudonglu
(Chaoyang) 		Runs through the Central Business District 2021[46] 8.9[47] 9 [47][46]
 13A  Line 13 split project Chegongzhuang
(Xicheng) 		Tiantongyuan East
(Changping) 		2021[48] 31.2 (19.8 new) 18 [49][48]
 13B  Dongzhimen
(Dongcheng) 		Malianwa
(Haidian) 		2021[48] 32.2 (9.2 new) 15
 6  South ext. of Phase II Lucheng
(Tongzhou) 		Dongxiaoyingnan
(Tongzhou) 		2022 2.1 1 [50][51]

Phase III (2022–2027)

According to the information released in July 2022, the "Beijing Rail Transit Phase III Construction Plan" includes 11 construction projects: Line 1 Branch, Line 7 Phase 3, Line 11 Phase 2, Line 15 Phase 2, Line 17 Phase 2 (Branch), Line 19 Phase 2, Line 20 Phase 1, Fangshan line (Line 25) Phase 3 (also known as Lijin Line), Line M101 Phase 1, Line S6 (New Town Link Line) Phase 1, and the connecting line between Yizhuang line, Line 5 and Line 10.[52]

Future Expansion (Phase 3)
Line Terminals Planned Opening Length
in km 		Station Source
 1 
Branch 		Bajiao Youleyuan Qinglonghu East 19.9 9 [52]
 7 
Phase 3 		Beijing West railway station Wanshousi 6.4 4
 11 
Phase 2 		Xinshougang (Shougang Park) Yangqiao 23.8 17
 15 
Phase 2 		Fengbo Nancai 3.5 1
 17 
Branch 		Tiantongyuan East Beiqijia 8.9 2
 19 
North 		Mudanyuan Shengminggu 17.6 6
 19 
North Branch 		Shangqingqiao South Qinghe railway station 6.8 1
 19 
South 		Xingong Haizijiao 12.6 6
 19 
South Branch 		Xinmeiti Chanye Jidi Shengwu Yiyao Jidi West 17.4 7
 20 
Phase 1 		Guanzhuangluxikou Linhe 19 4
 Fangshan 
Phase 3 		Dongguantounan Lingjing Hutong 10.9 8
 M101 
Phase 1 		Shangwuyuan Zhangjiawan East 19 14
 S6 
Phase 1 		Terminal 3 Daxing Xincheng 64.4 9
 Yizhuang - 5 - 10  (Connecting line) Connecting Xiaocun, Chengshousi, and Songjiazhuang. 1.1 0

Owner and operators

The Beijing Subway is owned by the Beijing Municipal People's Government through the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., LTD, (北京市基础设施投资有限公司 or BIIC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (北京市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会 or Beijing SASAC), the municipal government's asset holding entity.

The Beijing Subway was originally developed and controlled by the Central Government. The subway's construction and planning was headed by a special committee of the State Council. In February 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai handed management of the subway to the People's Liberation Army, which formed the PLA Rail Engineering Corp Beijing Subway Management Bureau.[53] In November 1975, by order of the State Council and Central Military Commission the bureau was placed under the authority of Beijing Municipal Transportation Department.

On April 20, 1981, the bureau became the Beijing Subway Company, which was a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company.[54]

In July 2001, the Beijing Municipal Government reorganized the subway company into the Beijing Subway Group Company Ltd., a wholly city-owned holding company, which assumed ownership of all of the subway's assets.[54] In November 2003, the assets of the Beijing Subway Group Company were transferred to the newly created BIIC.

The Beijing Subway has five operators:

  1. The main operator is the wholly state-owned Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp. (北京市地铁运营有限公司 or Beijing Subway OpCo), which was formed in the reorganization of the original Beijing Subway Group Company in 2001, and operates 15 lines: Lines 1, 2, 5–10, 13, 15, Batong line, Changping line, Fangshan line, Yizhuang line and S1 line.[55]
  2. The Beijing MTR Corp. (北京京港地铁有限公司 or Beijing MTR), a public–private joint venture formed in 2005 by and among Beijing Capital Group, a state company under Beijing SASAC (with 49% equity ownership), MTR Corporation of Hong Kong (49%), and BIIC (2%),[56] and operates four lines: Lines 4, 14, 16 and Line 17 and Daxing line.[57][58]
  3. The Beijing Metro Operation Administration Corp., Ltd. [zh][59] (北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司 or BJMOA[60]), a subsidiary of Beijing Metro Construction Administration Corporation Ltd. (北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司 or BJMCA) also under Beijing SASAC, became the third company to obtain operation rights for the Beijing Subway in 2015. The BJMOA operates the Yanfang line, Daxing Airport Express, and Line 19.[61][62][63] Its corporate parent, BJMCA, is a general contractor for Beijing Subway construction.[64]
  4. The Beijing Public Transit Tramway Co., Ltd. (北京公交有轨电车有限公司), formed in 2017, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing Public Transport Corporation (北京公共交通控股（集团）有限公司 or BPTC) that operates the Xijiao line.[65] Its corporate parent, BPTC, is the city's main public bus operator.
  5. The Beijing City Metro Ltd. [zh] (北京京城地铁有限公司), also branded as "Capital Metro" (京城地铁) in their official logo,[66] operates the Capital Airport Express.[67] Beijing City Metro Ltd. is a joint venture established on February 15, 2016, between Beijing Subway OpCo (51%) and BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited (49%)(京投轨道交通科技控股有限公司), a Hong Kong listed company (1522.HK) controlled by BIIC.[68] On March 27, 2017, Beijing City Metro Ltd. acquired a 30-year right to operate the Capital Airport Express and sections of the Dongzhimen subway station.[69]

Rolling stock

Main article: Beijing Subway Rolling Stock

All subway train sets run on 1,435 millimetres (56.5 in) standard gauge rail, except the maglev trains on Line S1, which run on a maglev track.[70] Beijing Subway operates Type B trains on most lines. However, due to increasing congestion on the network, high capacity Type A trains are increasingly being used. Additionally, Type D trains are being used in express subway lines.

Until 2003 nearly all trains were manufactured by the Changchun Railway Vehicles Company Ltd., now a subsidiary of the China CNR Corporation.[71] The newest Line 1 trains and those on Lines 4, 8, Batong, Changping and Daxing are made by Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., a subsidiary of China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corp.[72][73] Line S1's maglev trains were produced by CRRC Tangshan.

The Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp. Ltd., provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services.

  •  

    Most Beijing Subway rolling stock, such as this DKZ5 Line 13 train, run on 1,435 millimetres (56.5 in) standard gauge track, drawing 750V direct current (DC) electrical power from the third rail. Line 13, like most lines, use six-car Type-B train sets.

  •  

    Lines 14 and 16 trains run on standard gauge track and draw 1500V DC power from overhead electrical lines. The DKZ53 train on Line 14 pictured above uses Type-A cars, which unlike the more common Type-B cars, are 3.1 meters longer and 20 cm wider, have 10 sets of doors instead of 8 sets of doors, greater passenger capacity and higher top speed.

  •  

    The four-car train sets of the Capital Airport Express have linear motors of instead of rotary motors. Capital Airport Express trains draw 750V DC power from the third rail, and are propelled using the aluminum strip, a "fourth rail", between the main track. Capital Airport Express trains sets are lighter than subway cars with rotary motors and can reach a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph).

  •  

    Line S1 features low-to-mid speed maglev trains that run on a maglev track and use 1,500 V DC power. The S1 maglev trains have six cars per train and can reach a top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).

  •  

    The light rail transit trams on the Xijiao (Western Suburban) line run on standard gauge track and draw power 750V alternating current (AC) electrical power from overhead lines. The Xijiao line uses five-car trams and can reach a top speed of 70 km/h (43 mph).

 
Subway rolling stock are maintained at depots such as the Wuliqiao Depot for Line 6.

Automated lines

There will be 6 fully automated lines at the level of GoA4, including 4 lines in operation (the Yanfang line, Line 17 and Line 19 and the Daxing Airport Express) and 2 lines under construction (Line 3 and Line 12), using domestically developed communications-based train control systems.[74]

History

 
Schema showing the development of the Beijing Subway from 1971 to 2018

1953–1965: origins

The subway was proposed in September 1953 by the city's planning committee and experts from the Soviet Union.[75] After the end of the Korean War, Chinese leaders turned their attention to domestic reconstruction. They were keen to expand Beijing's mass transit capacity but also valued the subway as an asset for civil defense. They studied the use of the Moscow Metro to protect civilians, move troops and headquarter military command posts during the Battle of Moscow, and planned the Beijing Subway for both civilian and military use.[75]

At that time, the Chinese lacked expertise in building subways and drew heavily on Soviet and East German technical assistance. In 1954, a delegation of Soviet engineers, including some who had built the Moscow Metro, was invited to plan the subway in Beijing.[75] From 1953 to 1960, several thousand Chinese students were sent to the Soviet Union to study subway construction.[75] An early plan unveiled in 1957 called for one ring route and six other lines with 114 stations and 172 km (107 mi) of track.[75] Two routes vied for the first to be built. One ran east–west from Wukesong to Hongmiao, underneath Changan Avenue. The other ran north–south from the Summer Palace to Zhongshan Park, via Xizhimen and Xisi. The former was chosen due to more favorable geological foundation and greater number of government bureaus served. The second route would not be built until construction on Line 4 began forty years later.

The original proposal called for deep subway tunnels that can better serve military functions.[76] Between Gongzhufen and Muxidi, shafts as deep as 120 m (390 ft) were being dug.[76] The world's deepest subway station at the time in the Kyiv Metro was only 100 m (330 ft) deep.[76] But Beijing's high water table and high pressure head of ground water which complicated construction and posed risk of leakage, and along with the inconvenience of transporting passengers long distances from the surface, led the authorities to abandon the deep tunnel plan in May 1960 in favor of cut-and-cover shallow tunnels some 20 m (66 ft) below the surface.[76]

The deterioration of relations between China and Soviet Union disrupted subway planning. Soviet experts began to leave in 1960, and were completely withdrawn by 1963.[77] In 1961, the entire project was halted temporarily due to severe hardships caused by the Great Leap Forward. Eventually, planning work resumed. The route of the initial line was shifted westward to create an underground conduit to move personnel from the heart of the capital to the Western Hills. On February 4, 1965, Chairman Mao Zedong personally approved the project.[78]

1965–1981: the slow beginning

 
Yuquanlu Station, Opened on August 5, 1971. The first phase of the Beijing subway project groundbreaking ceremony was held west of Yuquanlu Road.
 
Many areas of Beijing's city walls were torn down during the construction of the subway. The route of the initial subway line was slightly altered to save the Qianmen gate.

Construction began on July 1, 1965, at a ceremony attended by national leaders including Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, and mayor Peng Zhen.[79] The most controversial outcome of the initial subway line was the demolition of the Beijing's historic inner city wall to make way for the subway. Construction plans for the subway from Fuxingmen to the Beijing Railway Station called for the removal of the wall, as well as the gates and archery towers at Hepingmen, Qianmen, and Chongwenmen. Leading architect Liang Sicheng argued for protecting the wall as a landmark of the ancient capital. Chairman Mao favored demolishing the wall over demolishing homes. In the end, Premier Zhou Enlai managed to preserve several walls and gates, such as the Qianmen gate and its arrow tower by slightly altering the course of the subway.[80]

Plans of the Beijing Subway network
 
1965 Plan
 
1973 Plan
 
1983 Plan
 
1993 Plan

The initial line was completed and began trial operations in time to mark the 20th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic on October 1, 1969.[78][81] It ran 21 km (13 mi) from Gucheng to the Beijing Railway Station and had 16 stations.[78] This line forms parts of present-day Lines 1 and 2. It was the first subway to be built in China, and predates the metros of Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., but technical problems would plague the project for the next decade.

 
Satellite image of the construction of initial line shot by US spy satellite Corona KH-4B on 20 September 1967.
 
Entrance to the Fushouling station, once designated terminus of Line 1 but never opened to the public.
 
Entrance to the Wukesong station on Line 1

Initially, the subway hosted guest visits.[78] On November 11, 1969, an electrical fire killed three people, injured over 100 and destroyed two cars.[78] Premier Zhou Enlai placed the subway under the control of the People's Liberation Army in early 1970, but reliability problems persisted.[78]

On January 15, 1971, the initial line began operation on a trial basis between the Beijing railway station and Gongzhufen.[82] Single ride fare was set at ¥0.10 and only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets.[82] The line was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) in length, had 10 stations and operated more than 60 train trips per day with a minimum wait time of 14 minutes.[82] On August 15, the initial line was extended to Yuquan Lu and had 13 stations over 15.6 km (9.7 mi).[82] On November 7, the line was extended again, to Gucheng Lu, and had 16 stations over 22.87 km (14.21 mi).[82] The number of trains per day rose to 100. Overall, the line delivered 8.28 million rides in 1971, averaging 28,000 riders per day.[82]

From 1971 to 1975, the subway was shut down for 398 days for political reasons.[e] On December 27, 1972, the riders no longer needed to present credential letters to purchase tickets.[82] In 1972, the subway delivered 15 million rides and averaged 41,000 riders per day.[82] In 1973, the line was extended to Pingguoyuan and reached 23.6 km (14.7 mi) in length with 17 stations and 132 train trips per day.[82] The line delivered 11 million rides in 1973, averaging 54,000 riders per day.[82]

Despite its return to civilian control in 1976, the subway remained prone to closures due to fires, flooding, and accidents. Annual ridership grew from 22.2 million in 1976 and 28.4 million in 1977 to 30.9 million in 1978, and 55.2 million in 1980.[82]

1981–2000: two lines for two decades

On April 20, 1981, the Beijing Subway Company, then a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company, was organized to take over subway operations.[84] On September 15, 1981, the initial line passed its final inspections, and was handed over to the Beijing Subway Company, ending a decade of trial operations.[84] It had 19 stations and ran 27.6 kilometres (17.1 miles) from Fushouling in the Western Hills to the Beijing railway station.[84] Investment in the project totaled ¥706 million. Annual ridership rose from 64.7 million in 1981 and 72.5 million in 1982 to 82 million in 1983.[84]

 
Paper tickets for Lines 1 & 2

On September 20, 1984, a second line was opened to the public.[84] This horseshoe-shaped line was created from the eastern half of the initial line and corresponds to the southern half of the present-day Line 2.[84] It ran 16.1 km (10.0 mi) from Fuxingmen to Jianguomen with 16 stations.[84] Ridership reached 105 million in 1985.[84]

 
Entrance to the Wangfujing Station on Line 1. The Wangfujing station opened in 1999 as part of Line 1's eastward extension from Fuxingmen.

On December 28, 1987, the two existing lines were reconfigured into Lines 1, which ran from Pingguoyuan to Fuxingmen and Line 2, in its current loop, tracing the Ming city wall.[84] Fares doubled to ¥0.20 for single-line rides and ¥0.30 for rides with transfers.[84] Ridership reached 307 million in 1988.[84] The subway was closed from June 3–4, 1989 during the suppression of the Tiananmen Square demonstrations. In 1990, the subway carried more than one million riders per day for the first time, as total ridership reached 381 million.[84] After a fare hike to ¥0.50 in 1991, annual ridership declined slightly to 371 million.

On January 26, 1991, planning began on the eastward extension of Line 1 under Chang'an Avenue from Fuxingmen.[85] The project was funded by a 19.2 billion yen low-interest development assistance loan from Japan.[85] Construction began on the eastern extension on June 24, 1992, and the Xidan station opened on December 12, 1992.[85] The remaining extension to Sihuidong was completed on September 28, 1999.[86] National leaders Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Yu Zhengsheng and mayor Liu Qi were on hand to mark the occasion.[86] The full-length of Line 1 became operational on June 28, 2000.[87]

Despite little track expansion in the early 1990s, ridership grew rapidly to reach a record high of 558 million in 1995, but fell to 444 million the next year when fares rose from ¥0.50 to ¥2.00. After fares rose again to ¥3.00 in 2000, annual ridership fell to 434 million from 481 million in 1999.[87]

2001–2008: planning for the Olympics

In the summer of 2001, the city won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympics and accelerated plans to expand the subway. From 2002 to 2008, the city planned to invest ¥63.8 billion (US$7.69 billion) in subway projects and build an ambitious "three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial" subway network.[88] Work on Line 5 had already begun on September 25, 2000.[89] Land clearing for Lines 4 and 10 began in November 2003 and construction commenced by the end of the year.[90] Most new subway construction projects were funded by loans from the Big Four state banks. Line 4 was funded by the Beijing MTR Corporation, a joint-venture with the Hong Kong MTR.[91] To achieve plans for 19 lines and 561 km (349 mi) by 2015, the city planned to invest a total of ¥200 billion ($29.2 billion).[92]

The next additions to the subway were surface commuter lines that linked to the north and east of the city. Line 13, a half loop that links the northern suburbs, first opened on the western half from Huilongguan to Xizhimen on September 28, 2002 and the entire line became operational on January 28, 2003.[93] Batong line, built as an extension to Line 1 to Tongzhou District, was opened as a separate line on December 27, 2003.[94] Work on these two lines had begun respectively in December 1999 and 2000.[95] Ridership hit 607 million in 2004.

Line 5 came into operation on October 7, 2007. It was the city's first north–south line, extending from Songjiazhuang in the south to Tiantongyuan in the north. On the same day, subway fares were reduced from between ¥3 and ¥7 per trip, depending on the line and number of transfers, to a single flat fare of ¥2 with unlimited transfers. The lower fare policy caused the Beijing Subway to run a deficit of ¥600 million in 2007, which was expected to widen to ¥1 billion in 2008.[92] The Beijing municipal government covered these deficits to encourage mass transit use, and reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. On a total of 655 million rides delivered in 2007, the government's subsidy averaged ¥0.92 per ride.[96]

  •  

    Elevated Line 5 station and platform at Tiantongyuan. Line 5 opened on Oct. 7, 2007.

  •  

    Beitucheng station for Lines 8 and 10, which along with the Capital Airport Express, opened on July 19, 2008.

  •  

    Each of the four original stations on the Olympic Branch Line (Line 8) has a unique interior decor style. (Pictured: Forest Park South Gate)

In the summer of 2008, in anticipation of the Summer Olympic Games, three new lines—Line 10 (Phase 1), Line 8 (Phase 1) and the Capital Airport Express—opened on July 19.[97] The use of paper tickets, hand checked by clerks for 38 years, was discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that are scanned by automatic fare collection machines upon entry and exit of the subway. Stations are outfitted with touch screen vending machines that sell single-ride tickets and multiple-ride Yikatong fare cards. The subway operated throughout the night from Aug. 8-9, 2008 to accommodate the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games, and is extending evening operations of all lines by one to three hours (to 1-2 a.m.) through the duration of the Games.[98] The subway set a daily ridership record of 4.92 million on August 22, 2008, the day of the Games' closing ceremony.[99] In 2008, total ridership rose by 75% to 1.2 billion.[100]

2008–present: rapid expansion

After the Chinese government announced a ¥4 trillion economic stimulus package in November 2008, the Beijing urban planning commission further expedited subway building plans, especially for elevated lines to suburban districts that are cheaper to build. In December 2008, the commission moved completion dates of the Yizhuang and Daxing Lines to 2010 from 2012, finalized the route of the Fangshan Line, and unveiled the Changping and Xijiao Lines.[101]

  •  

    All stations built since 2007 have platform doors, including the Weigongcun station on Line 4, which opened September 28, 2009.

  •  

    Entrance D to Xisi station on Line 4. Each station entrance has an entrance label

  •  

    Tracks north of Xihongmen Station on the Daxing Line

  •  

    Elevated viaduct on the Fangshan Line

Line 4 started operation on September 28, 2009, bringing subway service to much of western Beijing.[102] It is managed by the MTR Corporation through a joint venture with the city. In 2009, the subway delivered 1.457 billion rides,[103] 19.24% of mass transit trips in Beijing.[104]

On December 30, 2010, Lines 15, Changping, Fangshan, Yizhuang and Daxing, all suburban lines, commenced operation.

In 2010, Beijing's worsening traffic congestion prompted city planners to move the construction of several lines from the 13th Five Year Plan to the 12th Five Year Plan. This meant Lines 8 (Phase III), Line 3, Line 12, Line 16, the Yanfang line, as well as additional lines to Changping District and Tiantongyuan were to begin construction before 2015.[105] Previously, Lines 3, 12 and 16 were being planned for the more distant future.[106][107] On December 30, 2010, five suburban lines: Lines 15 (Phase I from Wangjingxi to Houshayu except Wangjing East station), Changping, Fangshan (except Guogongzhuang station), Yizhuang (except Yizhuang railway station), and Daxing, commenced operation.[108] The addition of 108 km (67 mi) of track, a nearly 50% increase, made the subway the fourth longest metro in the world. One year later, on December 31, 2011, the subway surpassed the New York City Subway to become the third longest metro in revenue track length with the extension of Line 8 north from the Forest Park South Gate to Huilongguan Dongdajie, the opening of Line 9 in southwest Beijing from Beijing West railway station to Guogongzhuang (except Fengtai Dongdajie, which opened on October 12, 2012), the extension of the Fangshan Line to Guogongzhuang, and the extension of Line 15 from Houshayu to Fengbo in central Shunyi.[109] In the same year, the Beijing government unveiled an ambitious expansion plan envisioning the subway network to reach a track density of 0.51 km per km2 (0.82 mi per sq. mi.) inside the Fifth Ring Road where residents would on average have to walk 1 km (0.62 mi) to the nearest subway station.[110] Ridership reached 2.18 billion in 2011.

 
Beijing Television interviewed subway officials on December 30, 2012, when over 40 new stations were opened, and the subway temporarily surpassed the Shanghai Metro to be the longest in the world, only to be surpassed by Shanghai again a year later.

In February 2012, the city government confirmed that Lines Line 3, Line 12, Line 17, and Line 19 were under planning as part of Phase II expansion.[111] Retroactively implying that the original three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial plan was part of Phase I expansion. Line 17 was planned to run north–south, parallel and to the east of Line 5, from Future Science Park North to Yizhuang Zhanqianqu South.[112] Line 19 was planned to run north–south, from Mudanyuan to Xin'gong.[113]

 
Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games

On December 30, 2012, Line 6 (Phase I from Haidian Wuluju to Caofang), the extension of Line 8 from Beitucheng south to Gulou Dajie (except Andeli Beijie), the remainder of Line 9 (except Military Museum station) and the remainder of the Line 10 loop (except the Xiju-Shoujingmao section and Jiaomen East station) entered service. The addition of 69.8 km (43 mi) of track increased the network length to 442 km (275 mi) and allowed the subway to overtake the Shanghai Metro, for several months, as the world's longest metro.[114] The subway delivered 2.46 billion rides in 2012.[115]

On May 5, 2013, the Line 10 loop was completed with the opening of the Xiju-Shoujingmao section and the Jiaomen East Station.[116] The 57 km (35 mi) loop line became the longest underground subway loop in the world.[116] On the same day, the first section of Line 14 from Zhangguozhuang to Xiju also entered operation, ahead of the opening of the Ninth China International Garden Expo in Fengtai District.[116] The subway's total length reached 456 km (283 mi).[116] On December 28, 2013, two sections were added to Line 8, which extended the line north to Zhuxinzhuang and south to Nanluoguxiang.[117] In 2013, the subway delivered 3.209 billion rides, an increase of 30% from the year before.[118]

On December 28, 2014, the subway network expanded by 62.2 km (38.6 mi) to 18 lines and 527 km (327 mi) with the opening of Line 7, the eastern extension of line 6 (from Caofang to Lucheng), the eastern section of line 14 (from Jintai Lu to Shangezhuang), and the western extension of line 15 (from Wangjingxi to Qinghua Donglu Xikou).[119][120] At the same time, the ¥2 flat-rate fare was replaced with a variable-rate fare (a minimum of ¥3), to cover operation costs.[121] In 2014, the subway delivered 3.387 billion rides, an increase of 5.68% from the year before.[122] Average daily and weekday ridership also set new highs of 9.2786 million and 10.0876 million, respectively.[123]

From 2007 to 2014, the cost of subway construction in Beijing rose sharply from ¥0.571 billion per km to ¥1.007 billion per km.[124][125] The cost includes land acquisition, compensation to relocate residents and firms, actual construction costs and equipment purchase. In 2014, city budgeted ¥15.5 billion for subway construction, and the remainder of subway building costs was financed by the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co. LTD, a city-owned investment firm.[124]

In 2014, Beijing planning authorities assessed mass transit monorail lines for areas of the city in which subway construction or operation is difficult.[126] Straddle beam monorail trains have lower transport capacity and operating speed (60 km/h or 37 mph) than conventional subways, but are quieter to operate, have smaller turning radius and better climbing capability, and cost only one-third to one-half of subways to build.[126][127] According to the initial environmental assessment report by the Chinese Academy of Rail Sciences, the Yuquanlu Line was planned to have 21 stations over 25 km (16 mi) in western Beijing.[128] The line was to begin construction in 2014 and would take two years to complete.[126] The Dongsihuan Line (named for the Eastern Fourth Ring Road it was to follow) was planned to have 21 stations over 33.7 km (20.9 mi).[129][127]

In early 2015, plans for both monorail lines were shelved indefinitely, due to low capacity and resident opposition.[130] The Yuquanlu Line remains on the city's future transportation plan, and it will be built as a conventional underground subway line. The Dongsihuan Line was replaced by the East extension of Line 7.[131]

On December 26, 2015, the subway network expanded to 554 km (344 mi) with the opening of the section of Line 14 from Beijing South railway station to Jintai Lu (11 stations; 16.6 km (10.3 mi)), Phase II of the Changping line from Nanshao to Changping Xishankou (5 stations; 10.6 km or 6.6 mi), Andelibeijie station on Line 8, and Datunlu East station on Line 15.[132] Ridership in 2015 fell by 4% to 3.25 billion due to a fare increase from a flat fare back to a distance based fare.[122]

  •  

    Line 8 construction site at Yongdingmenwai in March 2018, next to Beijing's central north-south axis.

  •  

    Enclosed construction site of Line 3 at Dongsishitiao along the 2nd Ring Road in December 2017.

  •  

    Viaduct of the S1 Line near Shichang under construction in March 2017.

  •  

    West Gate of Summer Palace on the Xijiao light rail line under construction in May 2017.

With the near completion of the three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial subway network, work began on Phase II expansion projects. These new extensions and lines will be operational in 2019~2021.[133] On December 9, 2016, construction started on 126 km (78 mi) of new line with the southern extension of Batong Line, the southern extension of Changping line, the Pinggu line, phase one of the New Airport line, and Line 3 Phase I breaking ground.[134] The northern section of Line 16 opened on December 31, 2016. Ridership reached a new high of 3.66 billion.[135] On December 30, 2017, a one-station extension of Fangshan Line (Suzhuang – Yancun East), Yanfang line, Xijiao line and S1 line (Shichang – Jin'anqiao) opened. On December 30, 2018, the western extension of Line 6 (Jin'anqiao – Haidian Wuluju), the South section of Line 8 (Zhushikou – Yinghai), a one-station extension on Line 8 North section (Nanluoguxiang – National Art Museum), a one-station extension on Yizhuang line (Ciqu – Yizhuang Railway Station) was opened. On September 26, 2019, the Daxing Airport Express (Phase 1) was opened.[136] On December 28, 2019, the eastern extension of Line 7 (Jiaohuachang-Huazhuang) and the southern extension of Batong line (Tuqiao-Huazhuang) opened.[137]

Beijing Subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
  •  

    Subway staff in protective clothing check the temperature of a passenger with thermographic camera on January 27, 2020.

  •  

    Subway ridership fell sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Line 2 platform of Dongsi Shitiao station was almost vacant during the Friday evening rush hour on March 20, 2020

  •  

    Passengers wear masks and maintain social distancing on a Line 4 train on March 23, 2020.

Recording of announcement on Line 4 train requiring all passengers to wear masks on March 23, 2020.

On January 24, 2020, the day after the lock down was declared in the city of Wuhan to contain the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, the Beijing Subway began testing body temperature of passengers at the 55 subway stations including the three main railway stations and capital Airport.[138] Temperature checks expanded to all subway stations by January 27.[139]

On April 4, 2020, at 10:00am, Beijing Subway trains joined in China's national mourning of lives lost in the COVID-19 pandemic, by stopping for three minutes and sounding their horns three times, as conductors and passengers stood in silence.[140] To control the spread of COVID-19, certain Line 6 trains were outfitted with smart surveillance cameras that can detect passengers not wearing masks.[141]

 
New wayfinding to Line 13

In May 2020, the Beijing Subway began to pilot a new style of wayfinding on Line 13 and Airport Express. However, since then the new designs were not rolled out to other lines or even new lines that opened afterward.[142]

On December 31, 2020, the middle section of Line 16 (Xi Yuan-Ganjia Kou), the northern section of the Fangshan line (Guogongzhuang-Dongguantou Nan(S)), and the Yizhuang T1 line tram entered operation.[143]

On August 26, 2021, Line 7 and Batong line extended to Universal Resort station.[144] On August 29, 2021, through operation of Line 1 and Batong line started.[25] On December 31, 2021, the initial sections of Line 11, Line 17, Line 19; extensions of Capital Airport Express, Changping line, Line S1, Line 16; and the central sections of Line 8 and Line 14 started operation.[145] With the completion of the central sections of Line 8 and 14 along with the final section of Line S1 marks the completion of the three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial subway network plan (retroactively named Phase I expansion).

Ridership

Average Daily Ridership
Yearriders±%
197122,685—    
197241,066+81.0%
197331,151−24.1%
197431,014−0.4%
197553,233+71.6%
197660,792+14.2%
197777,699+27.8%
197884,740+9.1%
1979131,096+54.7%
1980150,847+15.1%
1981177,151+17.4%
1982198,712+12.2%
1983224,630+13.0%
Yearriders±%
1984281,530+25.3%
1985382,548+35.9%
1986432,301+13.0%
1987526,767+21.9%
1988838,743+59.2%
1989850,740+1.4%
19901,045,973+22.9%
19911,016,082−2.9%
19921,169,699+15.1%
19931,345,479+15.0%
19941,460,164+8.5%
19951,528,822+4.7%
19961,213,497−20.6%
Yearriders±%
19971,219,342+0.5%
19981,265,753+3.8%
19991,317,808+4.1%
20001,185,792−10.0%
20011,284,932+8.4%
20021,312,329+2.1%
20031,293,151−1.5%
20041,658,470+28.3%
20051,857,534+12.0%
20062,106,575+13.4%
20071,794,521−14.8%
20083,278,689+82.7%
20093,991,781+21.7%
Yearriders±%
20105,041,096+26.3%
20115,972,603+18.5%
20126,721,311+12.5%
20138,791,781+30.8%
20149,278,600+5.5%
20158,904,109−4.0%
20169,998,000+12.3%
201710,350,411+3.5%
201810,543,608+1.9%
201910,821,500+2.6%
20206,273,973−42.0%
20218,383,500+33.6%
Source:  •  •  •  •  • [146] • 北京市2015年暨"十二五"时期国民经济和社会发展统计公报 • [135] • [147] • [2]

Facilities

Accessibility

 
 
Left: Space for wheelchair inside Daxing Airport Express.
Right: A foldable wheelchair lift inside Exit A of the Dongdan station. Most stations built after 2007 have elevators. Older stations have been outfitted with wheelchair lifts. Tactile paving is found throughout stations.
 
Wheelchair space in Beijing Subway

Each station is equipped with ramps, lifts, or elevators to facilitate wheelchair access.[148][149] Newer model train cars now provide space to accommodate wheelchairs.[150] Automated audio announcements for incoming trains are available in all lines. On all lines, station names are announced in Mandarin Chinese and English. Under subway regulations, riders with mobility limitations may obtain assistance from subway staff to enter and exit stations and trains, and visually impaired riders may bring assistance devices and guide dogs into the subway.[151]

Cellular network coverage

Mobile phones can currently be used throughout the network. In 2014, Beijing Subway started upgrading cellular networks in the Beijing subway to 4G.[152] In 2016, the entire subway network has 4G coverage.[153] Since 2019, 5G coverage is being rolled out across the network.[154][155]

Commercial facilities

In the 1990s a number of fast food and convenience stores operated in the Beijing Subway.[156] In 2002, fourteen Wumart convenience stores opened in various Line 2 stations.[157]

After witnessing the Daegu subway fire in February 2003, the Beijing Subway gradually removed the 80 newsstands and fast food restaurants across 39 stations in Line 1 and Line 2.[158] The popular underground mall at Xidan station was closed. This is in contrast other systems in China which added more station commerce as they started to rapidly expand their networks.[158] Since the implementation of this policy new lines did not have any station commerce upon opening.

Passengers consistently complained that the lack of station commerce in the Beijing Subway is inconvenient. In the early 2010s, Beijing Subway started reversing some of these policies. Vending machines selling drinks and snacks has gradually introduced inside stations since 2013. Later machines with of common items such as flowers, earphones, masks, etc. were also introduced.[156] In 2013, China Resources Vanguard and FamilyMart expressed interest in opening convenience stores in the Beijing Subway but this never materialized.[159]

 
On July 25, 2021, Lawson opened a store in the paid area of Hepingli Beijie Station.

The survey report on passenger satisfaction in subway services since 2018 shows that more than 70% of passengers want convenience stores in subway stations, especially for various hot and cold drinks, ready-to-eat food, and bento meals.[156] In December 2020, "the deployment of 130 convenient service facilities at subway stations" was listed as a key project for the Beijing municipal government.[160] On 25 July 2021, Beijing Subway selected three stations, Hepingli Beijie station of Line 5, Qingnian Lu station of Line 6, and Caishikou station of Line 7, to carry out a pilot program of opening convenience stores.[161] Since December 2021, a rapid rollout of station commerce began on a large scale across the network with a variety of commercial establishments such as bookstores, pharmacies, flower shops and specialty vendors being constructed inside stations.[162]

Information hotline and app

The Beijing Subway telephone hotline was initiated on the eve of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games to provide traveler information, receive complaints and suggestions, and file lost and found reports.[163] The hotline combined the nine public service telephones of various subway departments.[164] On December 29, 2013, the hotline number was switched from (010)-6834-5678 to (010)-96165 for abbreviated dialing.[165] In December 2014, the hotline began offering fare information, as the subway switched to distance-based fare.[10] The hotline has staffed service from 5 am to midnight and has automated service during unstaffed hours.[163]

The Beijing Subway has an official mobile application and a number of third-party apps.

English station names

According to the related rules released in 2006, all the place names, common names and proper names of subway stations and bus stops should use uppercase Hanyu Pinyin. For example, Nanlishi Lu Station should be written as NANLISHILU Station. However, names of venues can use English translation, such as Military Museum.

According to the translation standard released in December 2017, station names of rail transit and public transport have to follow the laws.

Since December 2018, Beijing Subway changes the format of names of the new subway stations every year. On the subway map of December 2018, the station names used Roman script, and it gave consideration to English writing habit and pronunciation. The format changed to verbatim in December 2019, where the positions (East, South, West and North) were written in Hanyu Pinyin and an English abbreviation was added to them.

 
Station sign at Xinshougang (Shougang Park) station. (January 2022)

Since 31 December 2021, Beijing Subway has started using new station name format. The Pinyin "Zhan" is used instead of English word "Station" on the light box at the subway entrance. This caused a strong disagreement.[166] Citizens criticized it "Chinese do not need to read and foreigners cannot read it". Some of the landmark named stations uses Chinese name, Hanyu Pinyin and English translation. Station names end with positions no longer add English abbreviation. Some of the stations that used English translation names (such as Shahe Univ. Park, Life Science Park and Liangxiang Univ. Town) changed to Hanyu Pinyin only (The new station names are Shahe Gaojiaoyuan, Shengming Kexueyuan and Liangxiang Daxuecheng).

System upgrades

Capacity

 
A crowded transfer corridor on Line 10.

With new lines drawing more riders to the network, the subway has experienced severe overcrowding, especially during the rush hour.[167] Since 2015, significant sections of Lines 1, 4 – Daxing, 5, 10,[168] 13, Batong and Changping are officially over capacity during rush hour.[169][170] By 2019, Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 all have daily weekday ridership's of over 1 million passengers a day each.[171] In short term response, the subway upgraded electrical, signal and yard equipment to increase the frequency of trains to add additional capacity. Peak headways has been reduced to 1 min. 43 sec. on Line 4;[172] 1 min. 45 sec. on Lines 1,[173] 5,[174] 9,[173] and 10;[175] 2 min. on Lines 2,[176] 6 and 13;[174] 2 min. and 35 sec. on Line 15;[174] 3 min. on Batong; 3 min. 30 sec. on Line 8;[177] and 15 min. on the Airport Express.[178] The Beijing Subway is investigating the feasibility of reducing headways of Line 10 down to 1 min 40 seconds.[179]

Lines 13 and Batong have converted 4-car to 6-car trains.[180][181] Lines 6[182] and 7 have longer platforms that can accommodate 8-car type B trains,[183] while lines 14 and 16 uses higher capacity wide-body type A trains.[184][185][186] New lines that cross the city center such as Lines 3, 12, 17 and 19, now under construction, will adopt high capacity 8-car type A trains with a 70 percent increase in capacity over older lines using 6 car type B.[182][187] When completed these lines are expected to greatly relieve overcrowding in the existing network.

 
The articulated cars of Line 5 trains have greater carrying capacity.

Despite these efforts, during the morning rush hour, conductors at line terminals and other busy stations must routinely restrict the number of passengers who can board each train to prevent the train from becoming too crowded for passengers waiting at other stations down the line.[188] Some of these stations have built queuing lines outside the stations to manage the flow of waiting passengers.[189] As of August 31, 2011, 25 stations mainly on Lines 1, 5, 13, and Batong have imposed such restrictions.[190] By January 7, 2013, 41 stations on Lines 1, 2, 5, 13, Batong, and Changping had instituted passenger flow restrictions during the morning rush hour.[191] The number of stations with passenger flow restrictions reached 110 in January 2019, affecting all lines except Lines 15, 16, Fangshan, Yanfang and S1.[192] Lines 4, 5, 10 and 13 strategically run several empty train runs during rush hour bound for specific stations help clear busy station queues.[174] Counter peak flow express trains started operating on Line 15, Changping and Batong to minimize line runtimes and allow the existing fleet size to serve more passengers during peak periods.[174] Additionally, investigations are being carried out on Line 15 and Yizhuang for upgrading to 120 km/h operations.[193]

Transfers

 
At Wangjing West, an interchange station for Lines 13 and 15, passengers transferring between the two lines must pass through a lengthy transfer corridor that includes a pedestrian footbridge.

Interchange stations that permit transfers across two or more subway lines receive heavy traffic passenger flow. The older interchange stations are known for lengthy transfer corridors and slow transfers during peak hours. The average transfer distance at older interchange stations is 128 m (420 ft)[194] The transfer between Lines 2 and 13 at Xizhimen was over 200 m (660 ft) long and required 15 minutes to complete during rush hours.[195] In 2011, this station was rebuilt to reduce the transfer distance.[196] There are plans to rebuild other interchange stations such as Dongzhimen.[194]

In newer interchange stations, which are designed to permit more efficient transfers, the average transfer distance is 63 m (207 ft).[194] Many of the newer interchange stations including Guogongzhuang (Lines 9 and Fangshan), Nanluoguxiang (Lines 8 and 6), Zhuxinzhuang (Changping and Line 8), Beijing West railway station (Lines 9 and 7), National Library (Lines 9 and 4), Yancun East (Fangshan Line and Yanfang Line) feature cross platform transfers.[197] Nevertheless, longer transfer corridors must still be used when the alignment of the lines do not permit cross-platform transfer.[198] The transfer corridors between Lines 1 and 9 at the Military Museum, which opened on December 23, 2013, are 160 m (520 ft) in one direction and just under 300 m (980 ft) in the other.[199]

Safety

Security check

 
Since the 2008 Olympics, security checks of riders and bags have become mandatory on the Beijing Subway.

To ensure public safety during the 2008 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games, the subway initiated a three-month heightened security program from June 29 to September 20, 2008. Riders were subject to searches of their persons and belongings at all stations by security inspectors using metal detectors, X-Ray machines and sniffer dogs. Items banned from public transportation such as "guns, ammunition, knives, explosives, flammable and radioactive materials, and toxic chemicals" were subject to confiscation.[200] The security program was reinstituted during the 2009 New Year Holiday[201] and has since been made permanent through regulations enacted in February 2009.[202]

Accidents and incidents

The subway was plagued by numerous accidents in its early years, including a fire in 1969 that killed six people and injured over 200.[203] But its operations have improved dramatically and there have been few reported accidents in recent years. Most of the reported fatalities on the subway are the result of suicides.[204] Authorities have responded by installing doors on platforms of newer lines.

On October 8, 2003, the collapse of steel beams at the construction site of Line 5's Chongwenmen station killed three workers and injured one.[205] On March 29, 2007, the construction site at the Suzhoujie station on Line 10 collapsed, burying six workers. On June 6, 2008, prior to the opening of Line 10, a worker was crushed to death inside an escalator in Zhichunlu station when an intern turned on the moving staircase.[206] On July 14, 2010, two workers were killed and eight were injured at the construction site of Line 15's Shunyi station when the steel support structure collapsed on them.[207] On September 17, 2010, Line 9 tunnels under construction beneath Yuyuantan Lake were flooded, killing one worker.[208] A city official who oversaw waterworks contracts at the site was convicted of corruption and given a death sentence with reprieve.[208] On June 1, 2011, one worker was killed when a section of Line 6 under construction in Xicheng District near Ping'anli collapsed.[209] A collapse of an escalator at the Beijing Zoo Station on July 5, 2011, caused the death of one 13-year-old boy and injuries to 28 others.[210]

On July 19, 2012, a man was fatally shot at Hujialou station by a sniper from the Beijing Special Weapons and Tactics Unit after taking a subway worker hostage.[211]

On May 4, 2013, a train derailed when it overran a section of track on Line 4. The section was not open to the public and was undergoing testing. There were no injuries.[212]

On November 6, 2014, a woman was killed when she tried to board the train at Huixinxijie Nankou station on Beijing Subway's Line 5. She became trapped between the train door and the platform edge door and was crushed to death by the departing train. The accident happened on the second day of APEC China 2014 meetings in the city during which the municipal government has banned cars from the roads on alternate days to ease congestion and reduce pollution during the summit – measures which the capital's transport authorities have estimated would lead to an extra one million passengers on the subway every day.[213]

On March 26, 2015, a Yizhuang line train was testing when it derailed around Taihu Depot [zh]. No passengers were onboard and the driver faced leg injuries.[214][215][216]

On January 1, 2018, a Xijiao line train derailed around Fragrant Hills station. There were no injuries.[217] Fragrant Hills station was temporarily closed until 1 March 2018.[218]

Subway culture

 
The logo of the Beijing Subway contains the subway's abbreviation, B.G.D.

The subway's logo, a capital letter "G" encircling a capital letter "D" with the letter "B" silhouetted inside the letter D, was designed by Zhang Lide, a subway employee, and officially designated in April 1984.[219] The letters B, G, and D form the pinyin abbreviation for "北京高速电车" (pinyin: Běijīng gāosù diànchē; lit. 'Beijing high-speed electric carriage').

Subway Culture Park

 
A decommissioned Line 1 car in the Beijing Subway Culture Park

The Beijing Subway Culture Park, located near Xihongmen in Daxing District, opened in 2010 to commemorate the 40-year history of the Beijing Subway.[220] The 19 ha (47 acres) park was built using dirt and debris removed from the construction of the Daxing line and contains old rolling stock, sculpture, and informational displays.[220] Admission to the park is free.

Beijing Suburban Railway

Main article: Beijing Suburban Railway

The Beijing Suburban Railway, a suburban commuter train service, is managed separately from the Beijing Subway. The two systems, although complementary, are not related to each other operationally. Beijing Suburban Railway is operated by the China Railway Beijing Group.

There are 4 suburban railway lines currently in operation: Line S2, Sub-Central line, Huairou–Miyun line and Tongmi line.

See also

 
Diagram showing distinct line labels for the Daxing Line and Line 4 with through service.

Notes

  1. ^ Through operation of Line 1 and Batong line started on August 29, 2021.[25]
  2. ^ a b With the opening of the Daxing Line on December 30, 2010 the Beijing MTR Corporation operates service on Lines 4 and Daxing as follows:[26][27]
    ** A service that covers both lines, from Anheqiaobei, the northern terminus of Line 4, to Tiangongyuan, the southern terminus of the Daxing Line.
    ** A service that covers Line 4 plus one stop on the Daxing Line, from Anheqiaobei to Xingong, the northernmost stop on the Daxing Line. Travelers wishing to proceed further south on the Daxing Line have to switch to a south-bound full-route train.
  3. ^ a b c The following stations haven't been opened and not included in the station count: Erligou and Tongyunmen on Line 6; Dahongmen on Line 8; Taoranqiao and Gaojiayuan on Line 14; Beitaipingzhuang, Ping'anli, Taipingqiao, Jingfengmen on Line 19
  4. ^ There is no subway stop at the 12th gate, Deshengmen, between Jishuitan and Gulou Dajie.
  5. ^ From August 12, 1973, to June 30, 1974, and in January 1975, the subway was closed due to defense mobilization.[83] It was closed from September 13 to November 6, 1971, in the aftermath of the Lin Biao incident and on September 18, 1976, after the death of Chairman Mao.[83]

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January 20, 2023
beijing, subway, commuter, rail, service, beijing, beijing, suburban, railway, rapid, transit, system, beijing, municipality, that, consists, lines, including, rapid, transit, lines, airport, rail, links, maglev, line, light, rail, lines, stations, rail, netwo. For the commuter rail service in Beijing see Beijing Suburban Railway The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines two airport rail links one maglev line and 2 light rail lines and 470 stations 1 The rail network extends 797 km 495 mi 1 across 12 urban and suburban districts of Beijing and into one district of Langfang in neighboring Hebei province With 3 8484 billion trips delivered in 2018 2 an average of 10 544 million trips per day 2 the Beijing Subway is the world s busiest metro system Single day ridership set a record of 13 7538 million on July 12 2019 3 Beijing SubwayLogo of Beijing SubwayOverviewNative nameChinese nameSimplified Chinese北京地铁Traditional Chinese北京地鐵TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinBeijing DitieOwnerBeijing Municipal GovernmentLocaleBeijing amp Langfang HebeiTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines25Number of stations470 1 Daily ridership10 544 million 2018 daily avg 2 13 7538 million 12 July 2019 record 3 Annual ridership3 8484 billion 2018 2 Websitehttp www bjsubway com http www mtr bj cn en http www bjmoa cn OperationBegan operation15 January 1971 52 years ago 1971 01 15 Operator s Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp Ltd Beijing MTR Corp Ltd Beijing Metro Operation Administration BJMOA Corp Ltd zh Beijing Public Transit Tramway Co Ltd Beijing Capital Metro Corp Ltd zh Number of vehicles6 173 Revenue Railcars 2019 4 TechnicalSystem length797 km 495 mi 1 Track gauge1 435 mm 4 ft 8 1 2 in standard gaugeElectrification1 500 V DC from overhead catenary lines 6 14 and 16 or from third rail line 7 25 kV 50 Hz AC from overhead catenary Daxing Airport Express 750 V DC from overhead catenary Xijiao line or from third rail other lines System mapThe Beijing Subway opened in 1971 and is the oldest metro system in mainland China and on the mainland of East Asia Before the system began its rapid expansion in 2002 the subway had only two lines The existing network still cannot adequately meet the city s mass transit needs Beijing Subway s extensive expansion plans call for 998 5 km 620 4 mi 5 of lines serving a projected 18 5 million trips every day when Phase 2 Construction Plan finished around 2025 6 7 8 The most recent expansion came into effect on December 31 2022 with the opening of an extension to Line 16 Contents 1 Fares 1 1 Fare schedules 1 2 Fare collection 2 Lines in operation 2 1 Lines through the urban core 2 2 Lines serving outlying suburbs 3 Future expansion 3 1 Phase II 3 2 Phase III 2022 2027 4 Owner and operators 5 Rolling stock 5 1 Automated lines 6 History 6 1 1953 1965 origins 6 2 1965 1981 the slow beginning 6 3 1981 2000 two lines for two decades 6 4 2001 2008 planning for the Olympics 6 5 2008 present rapid expansion 6 6 Ridership 7 Facilities 7 1 Accessibility 7 2 Cellular network coverage 7 3 Commercial facilities 7 4 Information hotline and app 7 5 English station names 8 System upgrades 8 1 Capacity 8 2 Transfers 9 Safety 9 1 Security check 9 2 Accidents and incidents 10 Subway culture 10 1 Logo 10 2 Subway Culture Park 11 Beijing Suburban Railway 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 External linksFares EditFare schedules Edit Single ride fare The Beijing Subway charges single ride fare according to trip distance for all lines except the two airport express lines For all lines except the two airport express lines fares start at 3 for a trip up to 6 km in distance with 1 added for the next 6 km for every 10 km thereafter until the trip distance reaches 32 km and for every 20 km beyond the first 32 km 9 A 40 km trip would cost 7 The Capital Airport Express has a fixed fare of 25 per ride 10 The Daxing Airport Express is the only line to maintain class based fares with ordinary class fare varying with distance from 10 to 35 and business class fare fixed at 50 per ride 11 Same station transfers are free on all subway lines except the two Airport Express lines the Xijiao Line and the Yizhuang T1 Line which require the purchase of a new fare when transferring to or from those lines Fare free ridersChildren below 1 3 metres 51 in in height ride for free when accompanied by a paying adult 12 Senior citizens over the age of 65 individuals with physical disabilities retired revolutionary cadres police and army veterans who had been wounded in action military personnel and People s Armed Police can ride the subway for free 13 Unlimited rides fare Since January 20 2019 riders can purchase unlimited rides fare tickets using the Yitongxing 亿通行 APP on smartphones which generates a QR code with effective periods of one to seven days Distance based single ride fare scheduleFare Trip distance 3 lt 6 km 4 6 12 km 5 12 22 km 6 22 32 km 7 32 52 km 8 52 72 km 9 72 92 km 10 92 112 km Unlimited rides fare schedulePeriod Price1 day 202 days 303 days 405 days 707 days 90 Riders can look up fares by checking fare schedules posted in stations calling the subway hotline 96165 going to the Beijing Subway website or using the subway s smartphone app Previous fare schedules On December 28 2014 the Beijing Subway switched from a fixed fare schedule to the current distance based fare schedule for all lines except the Capital Airport Express 9 11 Prior to the December 28 2014 fare increase passengers paid a flat rate of RMB 2 00 including unlimited fare free transfers for all lines except the Capital Airport Express which cost 25 14 The flat fare was the lowest among metro systems in China 15 Before the flat fare schedule was introduced on October 7 2007 fares ranged from 3 to 7 depending on the line and number of transfers Fare collection Edit Each station has two to 15 ticket vending machines 16 Ticket vending machines on all lines can add credit to Yikatong cards 17 Discounts for Yikatong card usersMonthlyexpenditure Net expenditure after credit rebate Net discount 50 50 0 100 100 0 150 140 6 67 200 165 17 5 250 190 24 300 215 28 3 350 240 31 4 400 265 33 75 450 315 30 500 365 27 Passengers must insert the ticket or scan the card at the gate both before entering and exiting the station The subway s fare collection gates accept single ride tickets and the Yikatong fare card Passengers can purchase tickets and add credit to Yikatong card at ticket counters or vending machines in every station The Yikatong also known as Beijing Municipal Administration amp Communication Card BMAC is an integrated circuit card that stores credit for the subway urban and suburban buses and e money for other purchases 18 The Yikatong card itself must be purchased at the ticket counter To enter a station the Yikatong card must have a minimum balance of 3 00 19 Beijing Subway fare media A single ride farecard To prevent fraud passengers are required to complete their journeys within four hours upon entering the subway 13 If the four hour limit is exceeded a surcharge of 3 is imposed 20 Each Yikatong card is allowed to be overdrawn once The overdrawn amount is deducted when credits are added to the card 21 Yikatong card users who spend more than 100 on subway fare in a calendar month will receive credits to their card the following month 9 After reaching 100 of spending in one calendar month 20 of any further spending up to 150 will be credited When spending exceeds 150 50 of any further spending up to 250 will be credited 9 Once expenditures exceed 400 further spending won t earn any more credits 9 The credits are designed to ease commuters burdens of fare increases 9 Beginning in June 2017 single journey tickets could be purchased via a phone app 22 A May 2018 upgrade allowed entrance via scanning a QR code from the same app 23 Lines in operation EditBeijing Subway lines generally follow the checkerboard layout of the city Most lines through the urban core outlined by the Line 10 loop run parallel or perpendicular to each other and intersect at right angles Schematic map of Beijing Subway lines in operation Not to scale Line Name Code Terminals District Opened 24 NewestExt Lengthkm Stations above ground Operator01 1 amp Batong a M1 Pingguoyuan Shijingshan Universal Resort Tongzhou 1969 2021 50 9 36 13 02 2 loop line M2 Xizhimen Xicheng Jishuitan Xicheng 1984 1987 23 1 18 04 4 amp Daxing b M4 Anheqiaobei Haidian Tiangongyuan Daxing 2009 2010 b 49 4 35 2 05 5 M5 Tiantongyuanbei Changping Songjiazhuang Fengtai 2007 27 6 23 7 06 6 M6 Jin anqiao Shijingshan Lucheng Tongzhou 2012 2018 53 4 28 33 c 07 7 M7 Beijing West railway station Fengtai Universal Resort Tongzhou 2014 2021 40 3 30 08 8 M8 Zhuxinzhuang Changping Yinghai Daxing 2008 2021 49 5 34 3 c 09 9 M9 Guojia Tushuguan National Library Haidian Guogongzhuang Fengtai 2011 2012 16 5 13 10 10 loop line M10 Bagou Haidian Chedaogou Haidian 2008 2013 57 1 45 11 11 M11 Jin anqiao Shijingshan Xinshougang Shougang Park Shijingshan 2021 1 54 3 13 13 M13 Xizhimen Xicheng Dongzhimen Dongcheng 2002 2003 40 9 17 16 14 14 M14 Zhangguozhuang Fengtai Shangezhuang Chaoyang 2013 2021 47 3 33 2 c 15 15 M15 Qinghua Donglu Xikou Haidian Fengbo Shunyi 2010 2014 41 4 20 4 16 16 M16 Bei anhe Haidian Yushuzhuang Fengtai 2016 2022 45 7 25 17 17 M17 Shilihe Chaoyang Jiahuihu Tongzhou 2021 16 5 7 19 M19 Mudanyuan Haidian Xingong Fengtai 2021 22 4 10 1 Yizhuang M24 Songjiazhuang Fengtai Yizhuang railway station Tongzhou 2010 2018 23 3 14 8 Fangshan M25 North Dongguantounan Fengtai Yancundong Fangshan 2010 2020 31 8 16 10 Yanfang M25 South Yancundong Fangshan Yanshan Fangshan 2017 14 4 9 9 S1 Maglev M26 Pingguoyuan Shijingshan Shichang Mentougou 2017 2021 10 2 29 8 8 Changping M27 Changping Xishankou Changping Qinghe railway station Haidian 2010 2021 33 5 13 6 Capital Airport M34 30 Beixinqiao Dongcheng 2 Hao Hangzhanlou Terminal 2 Chaoyang 3 Hao Hangzhanlou Terminal 3 Shunyi 2008 2021 29 9 5 1 Daxing Airport M35 31 Caoqiao Fengtai Daxing Jichang Daxing Airport Guangyang Langfang 2019 41 36 3 Xijiao LRT Bagou Haidian Fragrant Hills Haidian 2017 8 8 6 6 Yizhuang T1 LRT Quzhuang Daxing Dinghaiyuan Tongzhou 2020 11 9 14 14 Total 797 1 470 1 109 A Line 2 train Line 1 platform at Tian anmen East Station Ticket entry gates at Yuanmingyuan Park station Capital Airport Express Lines through the urban core Edit The urban core of Beijing is roughly outlined by the Line 10 loop which runs underneath or just beyond the 3rd Ring Road Each of the following lines provides extensive service within the Line 10 loop All have connections to seven or more lines Lines 1 4 5 6 and 8 also run through the Line 2 loop marking the old Ming Qing era city of Beijing Line 1 straight east west line underneath Chang an Avenue bisecting the city through Tiananmen Square Line 1 connects major commercial centres Xidan Wangfujing Dongdan and the Beijing CBD Line 2 the inner rectangular loop line that traces the Ming era inner city wall which once surrounded the inner city with stops at 11 of the wall s former gates ending in men now busy intersections as well as the Beijing railway station d Line 4 mainly north south line running to the west of city centre with stops at the Summer Palace Old Summer Palace Peking and Renmin Universities Zhongguancun National Library Beijing Zoo Xidan Taoranting and Beijing South railway station Line 5 straight north south line running to the east of the city centre Line 5 passes the Temple of Earth Yonghe Temple and the Temple of Heaven Line 6 east west line running parallel and to the north of Line 1 passing through the city centre north of Beihai Park At 53 4 km Line 6 is the second longest Beijing Subway line after Line 10 and runs from Shijingshan District in the west to the Beijing City Sub Center in Tongzhou District terminating at Lucheng just beyond the eastern 6th Ring Road Line 7 east west line running parallel and to the south of Line 1 from Beijing West railway station to Universal Resort Line 7 serves the old neighborhoods of southern Beijing with stops at Zhushikou Caishikou and Ciqikou Line 8 north south line following the Beijing s central axis from Changping District through Huilongguan the Olympic Green Shichahai and Nanluoguxiang where the line veers east of the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square with stops at the National Art Museum and Wangfujing before returning to the central axis at Qianmen and continuing due south through Zhushikou and Yongdingmen to Heyi before turning southwest to Yinghai in Daxing District Line 9 north south line running to the west of Line 4 from the National Library through the Military Museum and Beijing West railway station to Guogongzhuang in the southwestern suburbs Line 10 the outer loop line running beneath or just beyond the Third Ring Road Apart from the Line 2 loop which is entirely enclosed within the Line 10 loop every other line through the urban core intersects with Line 10 In the north Line 10 traces Beijing s Yuan era city wall In the east Line 10 passes through the Beijing CBD Line 14 inverted L shaped line that connects the southwest southeast and northeast parts of the city From Zhangguozhuang in the southwest Line 14 runs due west and enters the Line 10 loop at Xiju and passing through the Beijing South Railway Station Yongdingmenwai Puhuangyu Fangzhuang and leaves the Line 10 loop at Shilihe before turning north at Beijing University of Technology and running south north outside the Line 10 loop through the Beijing CBD Chaoyang Park and Jiuxianqiao to Wangjing in the northeast Line 16 line from the northwest suburbs of Haidian District north of the Baiwang Mountain that runs mostly north south upon entering the Line 10 to Yuyuantan Park East Gate Line 19 north south line from Mudanyuan to Xingong with stops inside the Line 2 loop at Ping anli and Taipingqiao near Beijing Financial Street Lines serving outlying suburbs Edit Each of the following lines provides service predominantly to one or more of the suburbs beyond the 5th Ring Road Lines 15 S1 along with the Changping Daxing Yanfang lines extend beyond the 6th Ring Road Line 11 currently runs from Jin anqiao to Xinshougang Shougang Park in Shijingshan District Line 13 arcs across suburbs north of the city and transports commuters to Xizhimen and Dongzhimen at the northwest and northeast corners of Line 2 Line 15 east west line which runs between the northern 4th and 5th Ring Road from the east of Tsinghua University through the Olympic Green and Wangjing turning northeast to suburban Shunyi District Line 17 currently runs from Shilihe to Jiahuihu Batong line extends Line 1 eastward from Sihui to suburban Tongzhou District Changping line branches off Line 13 at Qinghe railway station and runs north through suburban Changping District The line passes the Life Science Park Shahe University Park and the Ming Tombs Daxing line extends Line 4 south to suburban Daxing District Fangshan line goes from Dongguantounan in Fengtai District to Yancundong in Fangshan District in the southwestern suburbs Yanfang line extends the Fangshan line further into western Fangshan District Yizhuang line extends from Line 5 s southern terminus to the Yizhuang Economic amp Technological Development Zone in the southeastern suburbs Capital Airport Express connects the Beijing Capital International Airport 27 km 17 mi northeast of the city with Line 5 at Beixinqiao Line 10 at Sanyuanqiao and Lines 2 and 13 at Dongzhimen Daxing Airport Express connects the Beijing Daxing International Airport 46 km 29 mi south of the city with Line 10 at Caoqiao Line S1 a low speed maglev line connecting suburban Mentougou District with Line 6 in Shijingshan District Xijiao line a light rail line that branches off Line 10 at Bagou and extends west to Fragrant Hills Yizhuang T1 line a light rail line runs from Quzhuang in Daxing District to Dinghaiyuan in Tongzhou District Tian anmen East station of Line 1 Dongzhimen station of Line 2 Beijing Zoo station of Line 4 Dengshikou station of Line 5 Xihuangcun station of Line 6 Langxinzhuang station of Line 7 Jinyu Hutong station of Line 8 Fengtai Dongdajie station of Line 9 Anzhenmen station of Line 10 Beixin an station of Line 11 Longze station of Line 13 Dongguantou station of Line 14 Maquanying station of Line 15 Ganjiakou station of Line 16 Jiahuihu station of Line 17 Niujie station of Line 19 Yizhuang Railway Station of Yizhuang Line Huaxiang Dongqiao station of Fangshan Line Qiaohuying station of Line S1 Beishaowa station of Changping LineFuture expansion EditPhase II EditAccording to the Phase 2 construction plan approved by the NDRC in 2015 the length of Beijing Subway will reach 998 5 km 620 4 mi 32 when the Phase 2 construction finished 32 By then public transit will comprise 60 of all trips Of those the subway will comprise 62 32 The adjustment of the Phase 2 construction plan was approved by the NDRC on December 5 2019 33 Which altered and expanded some projects in the Phase 2 construction plan Including adjusting alignments of Line 22 and Line 28 and additional projects such as the Daxing Airport Line north extension the west section of Line 11 and transforming Line 13 into two lines 13A and 13B 34 A map showing Beijing subway lines currently in operation solid lines and subway lines approved by the NDRC dashed lines The map is not drawn to scale Future Expansion Phase 2 Plannedopening Line Phase amp Section Terminals District Route Description Constructionsince Length km Stations Status Refs2023 1 Renovation on military section Pingguoyuan Shijingshan Fushouling Shijingshan 2020 1 6 2 Under construction 35 3 Phase I Dongsi Shitiao Dongcheng Dongfeng Chaoyang 2017 15 6 10 36 37 12 Sijiqing Haidian Dongfeng Chaoyang Following the North Third Ring Road 2015 29 6 20 38 39 17 North section of Phase I Future Science Park North Changping Workers Stadium Chaoyang 2015 33 14 40 Daxing Airport North extension Lize Shangwuqu Fengtai Caoqiao Fengtai 2020 3 5 1 41 Changping South extension Qinghe railway station Haidian Xitucheng Haidian 2017 11 7 42 43 44 2024 2025 22 Pinggu Dongdaqiao Chaoyang Pinggu Pinggu 2021 81 2 21 45 28 CBD line Dongdaqiao Chaoyang Guangqudonglu Chaoyang Runs through the Central Business District 2021 46 8 9 47 9 47 46 13A Line 13 split project Chegongzhuang Xicheng Tiantongyuan East Changping 2021 48 31 2 19 8 new 18 49 48 13B Dongzhimen Dongcheng Malianwa Haidian 2021 48 32 2 9 2 new 15 6 South ext of Phase II Lucheng Tongzhou Dongxiaoyingnan Tongzhou 2022 2 1 1 50 51 Phase III 2022 2027 Edit According to the information released in July 2022 the Beijing Rail Transit Phase III Construction Plan includes 11 construction projects Line 1 Branch Line 7 Phase 3 Line 11 Phase 2 Line 15 Phase 2 Line 17 Phase 2 Branch Line 19 Phase 2 Line 20 Phase 1 Fangshan line Line 25 Phase 3 also known as Lijin Line Line M101 Phase 1 Line S6 New Town Link Line Phase 1 and the connecting line between Yizhuang line Line 5 and Line 10 52 Future Expansion Phase 3 Line Terminals Planned Opening Lengthin km Station Source 1 Branch Bajiao Youleyuan Qinglonghu East 19 9 9 52 7 Phase 3 Beijing West railway station Wanshousi 6 4 4 11 Phase 2 Xinshougang Shougang Park Yangqiao 23 8 17 15 Phase 2 Fengbo Nancai 3 5 1 17 Branch Tiantongyuan East Beiqijia 8 9 2 19 North Mudanyuan Shengminggu 17 6 6 19 North Branch Shangqingqiao South Qinghe railway station 6 8 1 19 South Xingong Haizijiao 12 6 6 19 South Branch Xinmeiti Chanye Jidi Shengwu Yiyao Jidi West 17 4 7 20 Phase 1 Guanzhuangluxikou Linhe 19 4 Fangshan Phase 3 Dongguantounan Lingjing Hutong 10 9 8 M101 Phase 1 Shangwuyuan Zhangjiawan East 19 14 S6 Phase 1 Terminal 3 Daxing Xincheng 64 4 9 Yizhuang 5 10 Connecting line Connecting Xiaocun Chengshousi and Songjiazhuang 1 1 0Owner and operators EditThe Beijing Subway is owned by the Beijing Municipal People s Government through the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co LTD 北京市基础设施投资有限公司 or BIIC a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission 北京市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会 or Beijing SASAC the municipal government s asset holding entity The Beijing Subway was originally developed and controlled by the Central Government The subway s construction and planning was headed by a special committee of the State Council In February 1970 Premier Zhou Enlai handed management of the subway to the People s Liberation Army which formed the PLA Rail Engineering Corp Beijing Subway Management Bureau 53 In November 1975 by order of the State Council and Central Military Commission the bureau was placed under the authority of Beijing Municipal Transportation Department On April 20 1981 the bureau became the Beijing Subway Company which was a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company 54 In July 2001 the Beijing Municipal Government reorganized the subway company into the Beijing Subway Group Company Ltd a wholly city owned holding company which assumed ownership of all of the subway s assets 54 In November 2003 the assets of the Beijing Subway Group Company were transferred to the newly created BIIC The Beijing Subway has five operators The main operator is the wholly state owned Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp 北京市地铁运营有限公司 or Beijing Subway OpCo which was formed in the reorganization of the original Beijing Subway Group Company in 2001 and operates 15 lines Lines 1 2 5 10 13 15 Batong line Changping line Fangshan line Yizhuang line and S1 line 55 The Beijing MTR Corp 北京京港地铁有限公司 or Beijing MTR a public private joint venture formed in 2005 by and among Beijing Capital Group a state company under Beijing SASAC with 49 equity ownership MTR Corporation of Hong Kong 49 and BIIC 2 56 and operates four lines Lines 4 14 16 and Line 17 and Daxing line 57 58 The Beijing Metro Operation Administration Corp Ltd zh 59 北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司 or BJMOA 60 a subsidiary of Beijing Metro Construction Administration Corporation Ltd 北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司 or BJMCA also under Beijing SASAC became the third company to obtain operation rights for the Beijing Subway in 2015 The BJMOA operates the Yanfang line Daxing Airport Express and Line 19 61 62 63 Its corporate parent BJMCA is a general contractor for Beijing Subway construction 64 The Beijing Public Transit Tramway Co Ltd 北京公交有轨电车有限公司 formed in 2017 is a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing Public Transport Corporation 北京公共交通控股 集团 有限公司 or BPTC that operates the Xijiao line 65 Its corporate parent BPTC is the city s main public bus operator The Beijing City Metro Ltd zh 北京京城地铁有限公司 also branded as Capital Metro 京城地铁 in their official logo 66 operates the Capital Airport Express 67 Beijing City Metro Ltd is a joint venture established on February 15 2016 between Beijing Subway OpCo 51 and BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited 49 京投轨道交通科技控股有限公司 a Hong Kong listed company 1522 HK controlled by BIIC 68 On March 27 2017 Beijing City Metro Ltd acquired a 30 year right to operate the Capital Airport Express and sections of the Dongzhimen subway station 69 Rolling stock EditMain article Beijing Subway Rolling Stock All subway train sets run on 1 435 millimetres 56 5 in standard gauge rail except the maglev trains on Line S1 which run on a maglev track 70 Beijing Subway operates Type B trains on most lines However due to increasing congestion on the network high capacity Type A trains are increasingly being used Additionally Type D trains are being used in express subway lines Until 2003 nearly all trains were manufactured by the Changchun Railway Vehicles Company Ltd now a subsidiary of the China CNR Corporation 71 The newest Line 1 trains and those on Lines 4 8 Batong Changping and Daxing are made by Qingdao Sifang Locomotive amp Rolling Stock Co a subsidiary of China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corp 72 73 Line S1 s maglev trains were produced by CRRC Tangshan The Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co Ltd a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp Ltd provides local assemblage maintenance and repair services Most Beijing Subway rolling stock such as this DKZ5 Line 13 train run on 1 435 millimetres 56 5 in standard gauge track drawing 750V direct current DC electrical power from the third rail Line 13 like most lines use six car Type B train sets Lines 14 and 16 trains run on standard gauge track and draw 1500V DC power from overhead electrical lines The DKZ53 train on Line 14 pictured above uses Type A cars which unlike the more common Type B cars are 3 1 meters longer and 20 cm wider have 10 sets of doors instead of 8 sets of doors greater passenger capacity and higher top speed The four car train sets of the Capital Airport Express have linear motors of instead of rotary motors Capital Airport Express trains draw 750V DC power from the third rail and are propelled using the aluminum strip a fourth rail between the main track Capital Airport Express trains sets are lighter than subway cars with rotary motors and can reach a top speed of 110 km h 68 mph Line S1 features low to mid speed maglev trains that run on a maglev track and use 1 500 V DC power The S1 maglev trains have six cars per train and can reach a top speed of 100 km h 62 mph The light rail transit trams on the Xijiao Western Suburban line run on standard gauge track and draw power 750V alternating current AC electrical power from overhead lines The Xijiao line uses five car trams and can reach a top speed of 70 km h 43 mph Subway rolling stock are maintained at depots such as the Wuliqiao Depot for Line 6 Automated lines Edit There will be 6 fully automated lines at the level of GoA4 including 4 lines in operation the Yanfang line Line 17 and Line 19 and the Daxing Airport Express and 2 lines under construction Line 3 and Line 12 using domestically developed communications based train control systems 74 History Edit Schema showing the development of the Beijing Subway from 1971 to 2018 1953 1965 origins Edit The subway was proposed in September 1953 by the city s planning committee and experts from the Soviet Union 75 After the end of the Korean War Chinese leaders turned their attention to domestic reconstruction They were keen to expand Beijing s mass transit capacity but also valued the subway as an asset for civil defense They studied the use of the Moscow Metro to protect civilians move troops and headquarter military command posts during the Battle of Moscow and planned the Beijing Subway for both civilian and military use 75 At that time the Chinese lacked expertise in building subways and drew heavily on Soviet and East German technical assistance In 1954 a delegation of Soviet engineers including some who had built the Moscow Metro was invited to plan the subway in Beijing 75 From 1953 to 1960 several thousand Chinese students were sent to the Soviet Union to study subway construction 75 An early plan unveiled in 1957 called for one ring route and six other lines with 114 stations and 172 km 107 mi of track 75 Two routes vied for the first to be built One ran east west from Wukesong to Hongmiao underneath Changan Avenue The other ran north south from the Summer Palace to Zhongshan Park via Xizhimen and Xisi The former was chosen due to more favorable geological foundation and greater number of government bureaus served The second route would not be built until construction on Line 4 began forty years later The original proposal called for deep subway tunnels that can better serve military functions 76 Between Gongzhufen and Muxidi shafts as deep as 120 m 390 ft were being dug 76 The world s deepest subway station at the time in the Kyiv Metro was only 100 m 330 ft deep 76 But Beijing s high water table and high pressure head of ground water which complicated construction and posed risk of leakage and along with the inconvenience of transporting passengers long distances from the surface led the authorities to abandon the deep tunnel plan in May 1960 in favor of cut and cover shallow tunnels some 20 m 66 ft below the surface 76 The deterioration of relations between China and Soviet Union disrupted subway planning Soviet experts began to leave in 1960 and were completely withdrawn by 1963 77 In 1961 the entire project was halted temporarily due to severe hardships caused by the Great Leap Forward Eventually planning work resumed The route of the initial line was shifted westward to create an underground conduit to move personnel from the heart of the capital to the Western Hills On February 4 1965 Chairman Mao Zedong personally approved the project 78 1965 1981 the slow beginning Edit Yuquanlu Station Opened on August 5 1971 The first phase of the Beijing subway project groundbreaking ceremony was held west of Yuquanlu Road Many areas of Beijing s city walls were torn down during the construction of the subway The route of the initial subway line was slightly altered to save the Qianmen gate Construction began on July 1 1965 at a ceremony attended by national leaders including Zhu De Deng Xiaoping and mayor Peng Zhen 79 The most controversial outcome of the initial subway line was the demolition of the Beijing s historic inner city wall to make way for the subway Construction plans for the subway from Fuxingmen to the Beijing Railway Station called for the removal of the wall as well as the gates and archery towers at Hepingmen Qianmen and Chongwenmen Leading architect Liang Sicheng argued for protecting the wall as a landmark of the ancient capital Chairman Mao favored demolishing the wall over demolishing homes In the end Premier Zhou Enlai managed to preserve several walls and gates such as the Qianmen gate and its arrow tower by slightly altering the course of the subway 80 Plans of the Beijing Subway network 1965 Plan 1973 Plan 1983 Plan 1993 Plan The initial line was completed and began trial operations in time to mark the 20th anniversary of the founding of the People s Republic on October 1 1969 78 81 It ran 21 km 13 mi from Gucheng to the Beijing Railway Station and had 16 stations 78 This line forms parts of present day Lines 1 and 2 It was the first subway to be built in China and predates the metros of Hong Kong Seoul Singapore San Francisco and Washington D C but technical problems would plague the project for the next decade Satellite image of the construction of initial line shot by US spy satellite Corona KH 4B on 20 September 1967 Entrance to the Fushouling station once designated terminus of Line 1 but never opened to the public Entrance to the Wukesong station on Line 1 Initially the subway hosted guest visits 78 On November 11 1969 an electrical fire killed three people injured over 100 and destroyed two cars 78 Premier Zhou Enlai placed the subway under the control of the People s Liberation Army in early 1970 but reliability problems persisted 78 On January 15 1971 the initial line began operation on a trial basis between the Beijing railway station and Gongzhufen 82 Single ride fare was set at 0 10 and only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets 82 The line was 10 7 km 6 6 mi in length had 10 stations and operated more than 60 train trips per day with a minimum wait time of 14 minutes 82 On August 15 the initial line was extended to Yuquan Lu and had 13 stations over 15 6 km 9 7 mi 82 On November 7 the line was extended again to Gucheng Lu and had 16 stations over 22 87 km 14 21 mi 82 The number of trains per day rose to 100 Overall the line delivered 8 28 million rides in 1971 averaging 28 000 riders per day 82 From 1971 to 1975 the subway was shut down for 398 days for political reasons e On December 27 1972 the riders no longer needed to present credential letters to purchase tickets 82 In 1972 the subway delivered 15 million rides and averaged 41 000 riders per day 82 In 1973 the line was extended to Pingguoyuan and reached 23 6 km 14 7 mi in length with 17 stations and 132 train trips per day 82 The line delivered 11 million rides in 1973 averaging 54 000 riders per day 82 Despite its return to civilian control in 1976 the subway remained prone to closures due to fires flooding and accidents Annual ridership grew from 22 2 million in 1976 and 28 4 million in 1977 to 30 9 million in 1978 and 55 2 million in 1980 82 1981 2000 two lines for two decades Edit On April 20 1981 the Beijing Subway Company then a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company was organized to take over subway operations 84 On September 15 1981 the initial line passed its final inspections and was handed over to the Beijing Subway Company ending a decade of trial operations 84 It had 19 stations and ran 27 6 kilometres 17 1 miles from Fushouling in the Western Hills to the Beijing railway station 84 Investment in the project totaled 706 million Annual ridership rose from 64 7 million in 1981 and 72 5 million in 1982 to 82 million in 1983 84 Paper tickets for Lines 1 amp 2 On September 20 1984 a second line was opened to the public 84 This horseshoe shaped line was created from the eastern half of the initial line and corresponds to the southern half of the present day Line 2 84 It ran 16 1 km 10 0 mi from Fuxingmen to Jianguomen with 16 stations 84 Ridership reached 105 million in 1985 84 Entrance to the Wangfujing Station on Line 1 The Wangfujing station opened in 1999 as part of Line 1 s eastward extension from Fuxingmen On December 28 1987 the two existing lines were reconfigured into Lines 1 which ran from Pingguoyuan to Fuxingmen and Line 2 in its current loop tracing the Ming city wall 84 Fares doubled to 0 20 for single line rides and 0 30 for rides with transfers 84 Ridership reached 307 million in 1988 84 The subway was closed from June 3 4 1989 during the suppression of the Tiananmen Square demonstrations In 1990 the subway carried more than one million riders per day for the first time as total ridership reached 381 million 84 After a fare hike to 0 50 in 1991 annual ridership declined slightly to 371 million On January 26 1991 planning began on the eastward extension of Line 1 under Chang an Avenue from Fuxingmen 85 The project was funded by a 19 2 billion yen low interest development assistance loan from Japan 85 Construction began on the eastern extension on June 24 1992 and the Xidan station opened on December 12 1992 85 The remaining extension to Sihuidong was completed on September 28 1999 86 National leaders Wen Jiabao Jia Qinglin Yu Zhengsheng and mayor Liu Qi were on hand to mark the occasion 86 The full length of Line 1 became operational on June 28 2000 87 Despite little track expansion in the early 1990s ridership grew rapidly to reach a record high of 558 million in 1995 but fell to 444 million the next year when fares rose from 0 50 to 2 00 After fares rose again to 3 00 in 2000 annual ridership fell to 434 million from 481 million in 1999 87 2001 2008 planning for the Olympics Edit In the summer of 2001 the city won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympics and accelerated plans to expand the subway From 2002 to 2008 the city planned to invest 63 8 billion US 7 69 billion in subway projects and build an ambitious three ring four horizontal five vertical and seven radial subway network 88 Work on Line 5 had already begun on September 25 2000 89 Land clearing for Lines 4 and 10 began in November 2003 and construction commenced by the end of the year 90 Most new subway construction projects were funded by loans from the Big Four state banks Line 4 was funded by the Beijing MTR Corporation a joint venture with the Hong Kong MTR 91 To achieve plans for 19 lines and 561 km 349 mi by 2015 the city planned to invest a total of 200 billion 29 2 billion 92 Line 13 train between Wudaokou and Shangdi Line 13 station at Longze Line 13 opened in two parts in 2002 and 2003 A model SFX01 Batong line train at Shuangqiao The Batong line opened in Dec 2003 The next additions to the subway were surface commuter lines that linked to the north and east of the city Line 13 a half loop that links the northern suburbs first opened on the western half from Huilongguan to Xizhimen on September 28 2002 and the entire line became operational on January 28 2003 93 Batong line built as an extension to Line 1 to Tongzhou District was opened as a separate line on December 27 2003 94 Work on these two lines had begun respectively in December 1999 and 2000 95 Ridership hit 607 million in 2004 Line 5 came into operation on October 7 2007 It was the city s first north south line extending from Songjiazhuang in the south to Tiantongyuan in the north On the same day subway fares were reduced from between 3 and 7 per trip depending on the line and number of transfers to a single flat fare of 2 with unlimited transfers The lower fare policy caused the Beijing Subway to run a deficit of 600 million in 2007 which was expected to widen to 1 billion in 2008 92 The Beijing municipal government covered these deficits to encourage mass transit use and reduce traffic congestion and air pollution On a total of 655 million rides delivered in 2007 the government s subsidy averaged 0 92 per ride 96 Elevated Line 5 station and platform at Tiantongyuan Line 5 opened on Oct 7 2007 Beitucheng station for Lines 8 and 10 which along with the Capital Airport Express opened on July 19 2008 Each of the four original stations on the Olympic Branch Line Line 8 has a unique interior decor style Pictured Forest Park South Gate In the summer of 2008 in anticipation of the Summer Olympic Games three new lines Line 10 Phase 1 Line 8 Phase 1 and the Capital Airport Express opened on July 19 97 The use of paper tickets hand checked by clerks for 38 years was discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that are scanned by automatic fare collection machines upon entry and exit of the subway Stations are outfitted with touch screen vending machines that sell single ride tickets and multiple ride Yikatong fare cards The subway operated throughout the night from Aug 8 9 2008 to accommodate the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games and is extending evening operations of all lines by one to three hours to 1 2 a m through the duration of the Games 98 The subway set a daily ridership record of 4 92 million on August 22 2008 the day of the Games closing ceremony 99 In 2008 total ridership rose by 75 to 1 2 billion 100 2008 present rapid expansion Edit After the Chinese government announced a 4 trillion economic stimulus package in November 2008 the Beijing urban planning commission further expedited subway building plans especially for elevated lines to suburban districts that are cheaper to build In December 2008 the commission moved completion dates of the Yizhuang and Daxing Lines to 2010 from 2012 finalized the route of the Fangshan Line and unveiled the Changping and Xijiao Lines 101 All stations built since 2007 have platform doors including the Weigongcun station on Line 4 which opened September 28 2009 Entrance D to Xisi station on Line 4 Each station entrance has an entrance label Tracks north of Xihongmen Station on the Daxing Line Elevated viaduct on the Fangshan Line Line 4 started operation on September 28 2009 bringing subway service to much of western Beijing 102 It is managed by the MTR Corporation through a joint venture with the city In 2009 the subway delivered 1 457 billion rides 103 19 24 of mass transit trips in Beijing 104 The Xi erqi interchange for Lines 13 and Changping Shahe station on the Changping line Changyang station on the Fangshan line Yizhuang Culture Park station on the Yizhuang LineOn December 30 2010 Lines 15 Changping Fangshan Yizhuang and Daxing all suburban lines commenced operation In 2010 Beijing s worsening traffic congestion prompted city planners to move the construction of several lines from the 13th Five Year Plan to the 12th Five Year Plan This meant Lines 8 Phase III Line 3 Line 12 Line 16 the Yanfang line as well as additional lines to Changping District and Tiantongyuan were to begin construction before 2015 105 Previously Lines 3 12 and 16 were being planned for the more distant future 106 107 On December 30 2010 five suburban lines Lines 15 Phase I from Wangjingxi to Houshayu except Wangjing East station Changping Fangshan except Guogongzhuang station Yizhuang except Yizhuang railway station and Daxing commenced operation 108 The addition of 108 km 67 mi of track a nearly 50 increase made the subway the fourth longest metro in the world One year later on December 31 2011 the subway surpassed the New York City Subway to become the third longest metro in revenue track length with the extension of Line 8 north from the Forest Park South Gate to Huilongguan Dongdajie the opening of Line 9 in southwest Beijing from Beijing West railway station to Guogongzhuang except Fengtai Dongdajie which opened on October 12 2012 the extension of the Fangshan Line to Guogongzhuang and the extension of Line 15 from Houshayu to Fengbo in central Shunyi 109 In the same year the Beijing government unveiled an ambitious expansion plan envisioning the subway network to reach a track density of 0 51 km per km2 0 82 mi per sq mi inside the Fifth Ring Road where residents would on average have to walk 1 km 0 62 mi to the nearest subway station 110 Ridership reached 2 18 billion in 2011 Nanluoguxiang station on Line 6 blends into the traditional courtyard neighborhood of central Beijing Line 8 s concourse in Guloudajie station with drum shaped lights inspired by nearby Drum Tower Interior decor of Beihai North station evokes the white stupa of Beihai Park Beijing Television interviewed subway officials on December 30 2012 when over 40 new stations were opened and the subway temporarily surpassed the Shanghai Metro to be the longest in the world only to be surpassed by Shanghai again a year later In February 2012 the city government confirmed that Lines Line 3 Line 12 Line 17 and Line 19 were under planning as part of Phase II expansion 111 Retroactively implying that the original three ring four horizontal five vertical and seven radial plan was part of Phase I expansion Line 17 was planned to run north south parallel and to the east of Line 5 from Future Science Park North to Yizhuang Zhanqianqu South 112 Line 19 was planned to run north south from Mudanyuan to Xin gong 113 Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games On December 30 2012 Line 6 Phase I from Haidian Wuluju to Caofang the extension of Line 8 from Beitucheng south to Gulou Dajie except Andeli Beijie the remainder of Line 9 except Military Museum station and the remainder of the Line 10 loop except the Xiju Shoujingmao section and Jiaomen East station entered service The addition of 69 8 km 43 mi of track increased the network length to 442 km 275 mi and allowed the subway to overtake the Shanghai Metro for several months as the world s longest metro 114 The subway delivered 2 46 billion rides in 2012 115 On May 5 2013 the Line 10 loop was completed with the opening of the Xiju Shoujingmao section and the Jiaomen East Station 116 The 57 km 35 mi loop line became the longest underground subway loop in the world 116 On the same day the first section of Line 14 from Zhangguozhuang to Xiju also entered operation ahead of the opening of the Ninth China International Garden Expo in Fengtai District 116 The subway s total length reached 456 km 283 mi 116 On December 28 2013 two sections were added to Line 8 which extended the line north to Zhuxinzhuang and south to Nanluoguxiang 117 In 2013 the subway delivered 3 209 billion rides an increase of 30 from the year before 118 On December 28 2014 the subway network expanded by 62 2 km 38 6 mi to 18 lines and 527 km 327 mi with the opening of Line 7 the eastern extension of line 6 from Caofang to Lucheng the eastern section of line 14 from Jintai Lu to Shangezhuang and the western extension of line 15 from Wangjingxi to Qinghua Donglu Xikou 119 120 At the same time the 2 flat rate fare was replaced with a variable rate fare a minimum of 3 to cover operation costs 121 In 2014 the subway delivered 3 387 billion rides an increase of 5 68 from the year before 122 Average daily and weekday ridership also set new highs of 9 2786 million and 10 0876 million respectively 123 From 2007 to 2014 the cost of subway construction in Beijing rose sharply from 0 571 billion per km to 1 007 billion per km 124 125 The cost includes land acquisition compensation to relocate residents and firms actual construction costs and equipment purchase In 2014 city budgeted 15 5 billion for subway construction and the remainder of subway building costs was financed by the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co LTD a city owned investment firm 124 In 2014 Beijing planning authorities assessed mass transit monorail lines for areas of the city in which subway construction or operation is difficult 126 Straddle beam monorail trains have lower transport capacity and operating speed 60 km h or 37 mph than conventional subways but are quieter to operate have smaller turning radius and better climbing capability and cost only one third to one half of subways to build 126 127 According to the initial environmental assessment report by the Chinese Academy of Rail Sciences the Yuquanlu Line was planned to have 21 stations over 25 km 16 mi in western Beijing 128 The line was to begin construction in 2014 and would take two years to complete 126 The Dongsihuan Line named for the Eastern Fourth Ring Road it was to follow was planned to have 21 stations over 33 7 km 20 9 mi 129 127 In early 2015 plans for both monorail lines were shelved indefinitely due to low capacity and resident opposition 130 The Yuquanlu Line remains on the city s future transportation plan and it will be built as a conventional underground subway line The Dongsihuan Line was replaced by the East extension of Line 7 131 On December 26 2015 the subway network expanded to 554 km 344 mi with the opening of the section of Line 14 from Beijing South railway station to Jintai Lu 11 stations 16 6 km 10 3 mi Phase II of the Changping line from Nanshao to Changping Xishankou 5 stations 10 6 km or 6 6 mi Andelibeijie station on Line 8 and Datunlu East station on Line 15 132 Ridership in 2015 fell by 4 to 3 25 billion due to a fare increase from a flat fare back to a distance based fare 122 Line 8 construction site at Yongdingmenwai in March 2018 next to Beijing s central north south axis Enclosed construction site of Line 3 at Dongsishitiao along the 2nd Ring Road in December 2017 Viaduct of the S1 Line near Shichang under construction in March 2017 West Gate of Summer Palace on the Xijiao light rail line under construction in May 2017 With the near completion of the three ring four horizontal five vertical and seven radial subway network work began on Phase II expansion projects These new extensions and lines will be operational in 2019 2021 133 On December 9 2016 construction started on 126 km 78 mi of new line with the southern extension of Batong Line the southern extension of Changping line the Pinggu line phase one of the New Airport line and Line 3 Phase I breaking ground 134 The northern section of Line 16 opened on December 31 2016 Ridership reached a new high of 3 66 billion 135 On December 30 2017 a one station extension of Fangshan Line Suzhuang Yancun East Yanfang line Xijiao line and S1 line Shichang Jin anqiao opened On December 30 2018 the western extension of Line 6 Jin anqiao Haidian Wuluju the South section of Line 8 Zhushikou Yinghai a one station extension on Line 8 North section Nanluoguxiang National Art Museum a one station extension on Yizhuang line Ciqu Yizhuang Railway Station was opened On September 26 2019 the Daxing Airport Express Phase 1 was opened 136 On December 28 2019 the eastern extension of Line 7 Jiaohuachang Huazhuang and the southern extension of Batong line Tuqiao Huazhuang opened 137 Beijing Subway during the COVID 19 pandemic Subway staff in protective clothing check the temperature of a passenger with thermographic camera on January 27 2020 Subway ridership fell sharply during the COVID 19 pandemic The Line 2 platform of Dongsi Shitiao station was almost vacant during the Friday evening rush hour on March 20 2020 Passengers wear masks and maintain social distancing on a Line 4 train on March 23 2020 source source Recording of announcement on Line 4 train requiring all passengers to wear masks on March 23 2020 On January 24 2020 the day after the lock down was declared in the city of Wuhan to contain the outbreak of COVID 19 in China the Beijing Subway began testing body temperature of passengers at the 55 subway stations including the three main railway stations and capital Airport 138 Temperature checks expanded to all subway stations by January 27 139 On April 4 2020 at 10 00am Beijing Subway trains joined in China s national mourning of lives lost in the COVID 19 pandemic by stopping for three minutes and sounding their horns three times as conductors and passengers stood in silence 140 To control the spread of COVID 19 certain Line 6 trains were outfitted with smart surveillance cameras that can detect passengers not wearing masks 141 New wayfinding to Line 13 In May 2020 the Beijing Subway began to pilot a new style of wayfinding on Line 13 and Airport Express However since then the new designs were not rolled out to other lines or even new lines that opened afterward 142 On December 31 2020 the middle section of Line 16 Xi Yuan Ganjia Kou the northern section of the Fangshan line Guogongzhuang Dongguantou Nan S and the Yizhuang T1 line tram entered operation 143 On August 26 2021 Line 7 and Batong line extended to Universal Resort station 144 On August 29 2021 through operation of Line 1 and Batong line started 25 On December 31 2021 the initial sections of Line 11 Line 17 Line 19 extensions of Capital Airport Express Changping line Line S1 Line 16 and the central sections of Line 8 and Line 14 started operation 145 With the completion of the central sections of Line 8 and 14 along with the final section of Line S1 marks the completion of the three ring four horizontal five vertical and seven radial subway network plan retroactively named Phase I expansion Ridership Edit Average Daily RidershipYearriders 197122 685 197241 066 81 0 197331 151 24 1 197431 014 0 4 197553 233 71 6 197660 792 14 2 197777 699 27 8 197884 740 9 1 1979131 096 54 7 1980150 847 15 1 1981177 151 17 4 1982198 712 12 2 1983224 630 13 0 Yearriders 1984281 530 25 3 1985382 548 35 9 1986432 301 13 0 1987526 767 21 9 1988838 743 59 2 1989850 740 1 4 19901 045 973 22 9 19911 016 082 2 9 19921 169 699 15 1 19931 345 479 15 0 19941 460 164 8 5 19951 528 822 4 7 19961 213 497 20 6 Yearriders 19971 219 342 0 5 19981 265 753 3 8 19991 317 808 4 1 20001 185 792 10 0 20011 284 932 8 4 20021 312 329 2 1 20031 293 151 1 5 20041 658 470 28 3 20051 857 534 12 0 20062 106 575 13 4 20071 794 521 14 8 20083 278 689 82 7 20093 991 781 21 7 Yearriders 20105 041 096 26 3 20115 972 603 18 5 20126 721 311 12 5 20138 791 781 30 8 20149 278 600 5 5 20158 904 109 4 0 20169 998 000 12 3 201710 350 411 3 5 201810 543 608 1 9 201910 821 500 2 6 20206 273 973 42 0 20218 383 500 33 6 Source 北京地铁大事记回顾 1965 2006 北京市2010年暨 十一五 期间国民经济和社会发展统计公报 北京市2011年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 北京市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 北京市2013年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 146 北京市2015年暨 十二五 时期国民经济和社会发展统计公报 135 147 2 Facilities EditAccessibility Edit Left Space for wheelchair inside Daxing Airport Express Right A foldable wheelchair lift inside Exit A of the Dongdan station Most stations built after 2007 have elevators Older stations have been outfitted with wheelchair lifts Tactile paving is found throughout stations Wheelchair space in Beijing Subway Each station is equipped with ramps lifts or elevators to facilitate wheelchair access 148 149 Newer model train cars now provide space to accommodate wheelchairs 150 Automated audio announcements for incoming trains are available in all lines On all lines station names are announced in Mandarin Chinese and English Under subway regulations riders with mobility limitations may obtain assistance from subway staff to enter and exit stations and trains and visually impaired riders may bring assistance devices and guide dogs into the subway 151 Cellular network coverage Edit Mobile phones can currently be used throughout the network In 2014 Beijing Subway started upgrading cellular networks in the Beijing subway to 4G 152 In 2016 the entire subway network has 4G coverage 153 Since 2019 5G coverage is being rolled out across the network 154 155 Commercial facilities Edit In the 1990s a number of fast food and convenience stores operated in the Beijing Subway 156 In 2002 fourteen Wumart convenience stores opened in various Line 2 stations 157 After witnessing the Daegu subway fire in February 2003 the Beijing Subway gradually removed the 80 newsstands and fast food restaurants across 39 stations in Line 1 and Line 2 158 The popular underground mall at Xidan station was closed This is in contrast other systems in China which added more station commerce as they started to rapidly expand their networks 158 Since the implementation of this policy new lines did not have any station commerce upon opening Passengers consistently complained that the lack of station commerce in the Beijing Subway is inconvenient In the early 2010s Beijing Subway started reversing some of these policies Vending machines selling drinks and snacks has gradually introduced inside stations since 2013 Later machines with of common items such as flowers earphones masks etc were also introduced 156 In 2013 China Resources Vanguard and FamilyMart expressed interest in opening convenience stores in the Beijing Subway but this never materialized 159 On July 25 2021 Lawson opened a store in the paid area of Hepingli Beijie Station The survey report on passenger satisfaction in subway services since 2018 shows that more than 70 of passengers want convenience stores in subway stations especially for various hot and cold drinks ready to eat food and bento meals 156 In December 2020 the deployment of 130 convenient service facilities at subway stations was listed as a key project for the Beijing municipal government 160 On 25 July 2021 Beijing Subway selected three stations Hepingli Beijie station of Line 5 Qingnian Lu station of Line 6 and Caishikou station of Line 7 to carry out a pilot program of opening convenience stores 161 Since December 2021 a rapid rollout of station commerce began on a large scale across the network with a variety of commercial establishments such as bookstores pharmacies flower shops and specialty vendors being constructed inside stations 162 Information hotline and app Edit The Beijing Subway telephone hotline was initiated on the eve of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games to provide traveler information receive complaints and suggestions and file lost and found reports 163 The hotline combined the nine public service telephones of various subway departments 164 On December 29 2013 the hotline number was switched from 010 6834 5678 to 010 96165 for abbreviated dialing 165 In December 2014 the hotline began offering fare information as the subway switched to distance based fare 10 The hotline has staffed service from 5 am to midnight and has automated service during unstaffed hours 163 The Beijing Subway has an official mobile application and a number of third party apps English station names Edit According to the related rules released in 2006 all the place names common names and proper names of subway stations and bus stops should use uppercase Hanyu Pinyin For example Nanlishi Lu Station should be written as NANLISHILU Station However names of venues can use English translation such as Military Museum According to the translation standard released in December 2017 station names of rail transit and public transport have to follow the laws Since December 2018 Beijing Subway changes the format of names of the new subway stations every year On the subway map of December 2018 the station names used Roman script and it gave consideration to English writing habit and pronunciation The format changed to verbatim in December 2019 where the positions East South West and North were written in Hanyu Pinyin and an English abbreviation was added to them Station sign at Xinshougang Shougang Park station January 2022 Since 31 December 2021 Beijing Subway has started using new station name format The Pinyin Zhan is used instead of English word Station on the light box at the subway entrance This caused a strong disagreement 166 Citizens criticized it Chinese do not need to read and foreigners cannot read it Some of the landmark named stations uses Chinese name Hanyu Pinyin and English translation Station names end with positions no longer add English abbreviation Some of the stations that used English translation names such as Shahe Univ Park Life Science Park and Liangxiang Univ Town changed to Hanyu Pinyin only The new station names are Shahe Gaojiaoyuan Shengming Kexueyuan and Liangxiang Daxuecheng System upgrades EditCapacity Edit A crowded transfer corridor on Line 10 With new lines drawing more riders to the network the subway has experienced severe overcrowding especially during the rush hour 167 Since 2015 significant sections of Lines 1 4 Daxing 5 10 168 13 Batong and Changping are officially over capacity during rush hour 169 170 By 2019 Lines 1 2 4 5 6 and 10 all have daily weekday ridership s of over 1 million passengers a day each 171 In short term response the subway upgraded electrical signal and yard equipment to increase the frequency of trains to add additional capacity Peak headways has been reduced to 1 min 43 sec on Line 4 172 1 min 45 sec on Lines 1 173 5 174 9 173 and 10 175 2 min on Lines 2 176 6 and 13 174 2 min and 35 sec on Line 15 174 3 min on Batong 3 min 30 sec on Line 8 177 and 15 min on the Airport Express 178 The Beijing Subway is investigating the feasibility of reducing headways of Line 10 down to 1 min 40 seconds 179 Lines 13 and Batong have converted 4 car to 6 car trains 180 181 Lines 6 182 and 7 have longer platforms that can accommodate 8 car type B trains 183 while lines 14 and 16 uses higher capacity wide body type A trains 184 185 186 New lines that cross the city center such as Lines 3 12 17 and 19 now under construction will adopt high capacity 8 car type A trains with a 70 percent increase in capacity over older lines using 6 car type B 182 187 When completed these lines are expected to greatly relieve overcrowding in the existing network The articulated cars of Line 5 trains have greater carrying capacity Despite these efforts during the morning rush hour conductors at line terminals and other busy stations must routinely restrict the number of passengers who can board each train to prevent the train from becoming too crowded for passengers waiting at other stations down the line 188 Some of these stations have built queuing lines outside the stations to manage the flow of waiting passengers 189 As of August 31 2011 25 stations mainly on Lines 1 5 13 and Batong have imposed such restrictions 190 By January 7 2013 41 stations on Lines 1 2 5 13 Batong and Changping had instituted passenger flow restrictions during the morning rush hour 191 The number of stations with passenger flow restrictions reached 110 in January 2019 affecting all lines except Lines 15 16 Fangshan Yanfang and S1 192 Lines 4 5 10 and 13 strategically run several empty train runs during rush hour bound for specific stations help clear busy station queues 174 Counter peak flow express trains started operating on Line 15 Changping and Batong to minimize line runtimes and allow the existing fleet size to serve more passengers during peak periods 174 Additionally investigations are being carried out on Line 15 and Yizhuang for upgrading to 120 km h operations 193 Transfers Edit At Wangjing West an interchange station for Lines 13 and 15 passengers transferring between the two lines must pass through a lengthy transfer corridor that includes a pedestrian footbridge Interchange stations that permit transfers across two or more subway lines receive heavy traffic passenger flow The older interchange stations are known for lengthy transfer corridors and slow transfers during peak hours The average transfer distance at older interchange stations is 128 m 420 ft 194 The transfer between Lines 2 and 13 at Xizhimen was over 200 m 660 ft long and required 15 minutes to complete during rush hours 195 In 2011 this station was rebuilt to reduce the transfer distance 196 There are plans to rebuild other interchange stations such as Dongzhimen 194 In newer interchange stations which are designed to permit more efficient transfers the average transfer distance is 63 m 207 ft 194 Many of the newer interchange stations including Guogongzhuang Lines 9 and Fangshan Nanluoguxiang Lines 8 and 6 Zhuxinzhuang Changping and Line 8 Beijing West railway station Lines 9 and 7 National Library Lines 9 and 4 Yancun East Fangshan Line and Yanfang Line feature cross platform transfers 197 Nevertheless longer transfer corridors must still be used when the alignment of the lines do not permit cross platform transfer 198 The transfer corridors between Lines 1 and 9 at the Military Museum which opened on December 23 2013 are 160 m 520 ft in one direction and just under 300 m 980 ft in the other 199 Safety EditSecurity check Edit Since the 2008 Olympics security checks of riders and bags have become mandatory on the Beijing Subway To ensure public safety during the 2008 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games the subway initiated a three month heightened security program from June 29 to September 20 2008 Riders were subject to searches of their persons and belongings at all stations by security inspectors using metal detectors X Ray machines and sniffer dogs Items banned from public transportation such as guns ammunition knives explosives flammable and radioactive materials and toxic chemicals were subject to confiscation 200 The security program was reinstituted during the 2009 New Year Holiday 201 and has since been made permanent through regulations enacted in February 2009 202 Accidents and incidents Edit The subway was plagued by numerous accidents in its early years including a fire in 1969 that killed six people and injured over 200 203 But its operations have improved dramatically and there have been few reported accidents in recent years Most of the reported fatalities on the subway are the result of suicides 204 Authorities have responded by installing doors on platforms of newer lines On October 8 2003 the collapse of steel beams at the construction site of Line 5 s Chongwenmen station killed three workers and injured one 205 On March 29 2007 the construction site at the Suzhoujie station on Line 10 collapsed burying six workers On June 6 2008 prior to the opening of Line 10 a worker was crushed to death inside an escalator in Zhichunlu station when an intern turned on the moving staircase 206 On July 14 2010 two workers were killed and eight were injured at the construction site of Line 15 s Shunyi station when the steel support structure collapsed on them 207 On September 17 2010 Line 9 tunnels under construction beneath Yuyuantan Lake were flooded killing one worker 208 A city official who oversaw waterworks contracts at the site was convicted of corruption and given a death sentence with reprieve 208 On June 1 2011 one worker was killed when a section of Line 6 under construction in Xicheng District near Ping anli collapsed 209 A collapse of an escalator at the Beijing Zoo Station on July 5 2011 caused the death of one 13 year old boy and injuries to 28 others 210 On July 19 2012 a man was fatally shot at Hujialou station by a sniper from the Beijing Special Weapons and Tactics Unit after taking a subway worker hostage 211 On May 4 2013 a train derailed when it overran a section of track on Line 4 The section was not open to the public and was undergoing testing There were no injuries 212 On November 6 2014 a woman was killed when she tried to board the train at Huixinxijie Nankou station on Beijing Subway s Line 5 She became trapped between the train door and the platform edge door and was crushed to death by the departing train The accident happened on the second day of APEC China 2014 meetings in the city during which the municipal government has banned cars from the roads on alternate days to ease congestion and reduce pollution during the summit measures which the capital s transport authorities have estimated would lead to an extra one million passengers on the subway every day 213 On March 26 2015 a Yizhuang line train was testing when it derailed around Taihu Depot zh No passengers were onboard and the driver faced leg injuries 214 215 216 On January 1 2018 a Xijiao line train derailed around Fragrant Hills station There were no injuries 217 Fragrant Hills station was temporarily closed until 1 March 2018 218 Subway culture EditLogo Edit The logo of the Beijing Subway contains the subway s abbreviation B G D The subway s logo a capital letter G encircling a capital letter D with the letter B silhouetted inside the letter D was designed by Zhang Lide a subway employee and officially designated in April 1984 219 The letters B G and D form the pinyin abbreviation for 北京高速电车 pinyin Beijing gaosu dianche lit Beijing high speed electric carriage Subway Culture Park Edit A decommissioned Line 1 car in the Beijing Subway Culture Park The Beijing Subway Culture Park located near Xihongmen in Daxing District opened in 2010 to commemorate the 40 year history of the Beijing Subway 220 The 19 ha 47 acres park was built using dirt and debris removed from the construction of the Daxing line and contains old rolling stock sculpture and informational displays 220 Admission to the park is free Beijing Suburban Railway EditMain article Beijing Suburban Railway The Beijing Suburban Railway a suburban commuter train service is managed separately from the Beijing Subway The two systems although complementary are not related to each other operationally Beijing Suburban Railway is operated by the China Railway Beijing Group There are 4 suburban railway lines currently in operation Line S2 Sub Central line Huairou Miyun line and Tongmi line See also EditList of Beijing Subway stations Transport in Beijing List of metro systems Diagram showing distinct line labels for the Daxing Line and Line 4 with through service Notes Edit Through operation of Line 1 and Batong line started on August 29 2021 25 a b With the opening of the Daxing Line on December 30 2010 the Beijing MTR Corporation operates service on Lines 4 and Daxing as follows 26 27 A service that covers both lines from Anheqiaobei the northern terminus of Line 4 to Tiangongyuan the southern terminus of the Daxing Line A service that covers Line 4 plus one stop on the Daxing Line from Anheqiaobei to Xingong the northernmost stop on the Daxing Line Travelers wishing to proceed further south on the Daxing Line have to switch to a south bound full route train a b c The following stations haven t been opened and not included in the station count Erligou and Tongyunmen on Line 6 Dahongmen on Line 8 Taoranqiao and Gaojiayuan on Line 14 Beitaipingzhuang Ping anli Taipingqiao Jingfengmen on Line 19 There is no subway stop at the 12th gate Deshengmen between Jishuitan and Gulou Dajie From August 12 1973 to June 30 1974 and in January 1975 the subway was closed due to defense mobilization 83 It was closed from September 13 to November 6 1971 in the aftermath of the Lin Biao incident and on September 18 1976 after the death of Chairman Mao 83 References Edit a b c d e f g 地铁19号线剩余4站明日试运营 新宫至牡丹园只需半小时 July 29 2022 Archived from the original on July 29 2022 至此 本市城市轨道交通运营总里程783公里 车站463座 a b c d e 2018年统计报告 Archived from the original on April 4 2020 Retrieved April 9 2019 a b 北京轨道交通全路网日客运量再创新高 超1375万人次 July 13 2019 http tjj beijing gov cn zxfbu 202003 t20200302 1673397 html bare URL 未来五年再建12条地铁 September 29 2015 Archived from the original on March 12 2016 Retrieved October 2 2015 Li Song 李松 Beijing s subway is going full bore China Chinadaily com cn www chinadaily com cn Retrieved January 19 2017 北京2020年轨道交通线路预计将达1000公里左右 www chinanews com cn in Simplified Chinese December 30 2010 Xin Dingding July 31 2012 Experts fear subway costs could go off the rails China Daily a b c d e f Beijing to Increase Public Transportation Fare Prices Next CRI 2014 11 27 a b 北京地铁票价今起可上网查询 客户端15日起可查 in Simplified Chinese Xinhua News December 10 2014 Archived from the original on December 29 2014 a b 北京大兴国际机场线票价方案正式启用 最低10元 September 15 2019 Archived from the original on October 11 2019 Lin Ye 林野 December 17 2014 北京地铁各站公布最新里程票价儿童免票身高提高 in Simplified Chinese The Beijing News a b 北京地铁告别 两元时代 车票设四小时时限 Beijing Subway says farewell to the 2 yuan era tickets now set to a four hour limit in Simplified Chinese December 28 2014 Beijing airport express rail on trial run China Daily July 15 2008 杭州地铁拟定票价 贵 为全国前三 市民喊吃不消 Xinhuanet Zhejiang in Simplified Chinese Qianjiang Evening News 20 July 2012 Archived from the original on 23 July 2012 Retrieved 1 May 2013 CityWeekend The Official Beijingology Subway AFC Cheat Sheet Part 3 Archived December 6 2008 at the Wayback Machine The AFC machines are supplied by the following companies Thales Lines 1 2 and Batong Samsung SDS Lines 4 8 and 10 Founder OMRON Line 5 Nippon Signal Lines 13 amp Airport Express Beijing MTR website Mtr bj cn Archived from the original on September 11 2010 Retrieved January 5 2011 北京28日起公交上下车均刷卡 余额不足3元禁坐地铁 in Simplified Chinese December 20 2014 Archived from the original on December 29 2014 Retrieved December 29 2014 北京地铁票首设4小时时限 中途换卡将遭10倍罚款 in Simplified Chinese December 4 2014 北京地铁调价后 大考 公交增车超 APEC标准 in Simplified Chinese 29 December 2014 Archived from the original on 29 December 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2014 Dong Liu Beijing subway jumps on board mobile payment system China Daily Retrieved May 31 2018 Liu Charles March 27 2018 Pay Beijing Metro Fares With Mobile Phone QR Codes Beginning in May The Beijinger Retrieved May 31 2018 See History section of this article a b 四惠四惠东站无须换乘了 北京地铁1号线 八通线本周日跨线运营 Beijing Daily August 25 2021 Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved August 25 2021 北京京港地铁有限公司 Mtr bj cn December 29 2010 Archived from the original on January 1 2011 Retrieved January 5 2011 Beijing MTR Corporation Limited Mtr bj cn September 27 2010 Archived from the original on October 9 2011 Retrieved January 5 2011 北京 四年内副中心陆续开4条地铁 新华网 Archived from the original on December 29 2018 北京首条中低速磁浮交通线路S1线年底部分开通 新华网 Archived from the original on December 29 2018 北京市朝阳区国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二 三五年远景目标纲要 March 18 2021 Archived from the original on March 20 2021 北京市城市规划设计研究院 郑猛 浅析北京TOD的发展及几点思考 Archived from the original on January 21 2021 Retrieved September 1 2020 a b c 国家发展改革委关于北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划 2015 2021年 的批复 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 National Development and Reform Commission September 29 2015 Retrieved October 2 2015 国家发展改革委关于调整北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划方案的批复 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 National Development and Reform Commission December 5 2019 Archived from the original on December 20 2019 Retrieved January 2 2020 关于调整北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划方案的批复 发改基础 2019 1904号 政府信息公开 政务公开 国家发展改革委 zfxxgk ndrc gov cn Retrieved January 27 2022 1号线福寿岭站进度到底如何 今明两年能否启用 March 24 2021 北京市重大项目建设指挥办公室 Archived from the original on February 17 2019 Retrieved March 13 2019 北京地铁3号线一期工程首站封顶 Xinhuanet Retrieved November 12 2020 建议加快推进3 12 16 17号线进度 November 16 2021 请问北京地铁12号线何时开通 June 10 2021 地铁17号线北段工程严重滞后 May 10 2021 Archived from the original on June 3 2021 Retrieved May 31 2021 北京地铁11号线西段 大兴机场线北延年内开工 September 25 2019 昌平线南延8座新车站5站能换乘 November 6 2019 Archived from the original on November 8 2019 市重大项目办与海淀区政府共同推进轨道交通建设工作 March 13 2017 请问地铁27号线西土城站计划何时运营 Beijing Major Projects Construction Headquarters Office Retrieved November 12 2020 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ridership on the 15 lines under its control was 2 832 billion Total network ridership including the three Beijing MTR lines were not provided website of Beijing MTR Corporation Limited Archived 6 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine 确定了 北京地铁17号线 京港地铁公司运营 December 30 2019 Brief of BJMTR Beijing MTR website Archived from the original on January 6 2016 Retrieved July 6 2019 北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司 Retrieved August 12 2019 大兴机场线文创产品首次亮相2019北京城轨展 August 1 2019 喜讯 北京轨道运营公司获得北京地铁19号线运营权 BJMOA Obtains Operation Rights for Beijing Subway Line 19 继国庆节前成功高水平开通运营北京大兴国际机场线后 又收到成交通知书 经市政府批准 公司被确定为北京地铁19号线的运营商 Following the successful opening of the Daxing Airport Express before the National Day a transaction notification was received With the approval of the municipal government the BJMOA company was identified as the operator of Line 19 公司介绍 November 27 2019 目前 负责运营北京市轨道交通燕房线 北京大兴国际机场线 Currently operates Yanfang line and Daxing Airport Express of Beijing Subway 特许经营主体为北京城市铁建轨道交通投资发展有限公司 特许经营期三十年 运营商为 4大8小 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