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Liberty Theatre

February 23, 2023

"Liberty Theater" redirects here. For other uses, see Liberty Theater (disambiguation).

The Liberty Theatre is a former Broadway theater at 234 West 42nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1904, the theater was designed by Herts & Tallant and built for Klaw and Erlanger, the partnership of theatrical producers Marc Klaw and A. L. Erlanger. The theater has been used as an event venue since 2011 and is part of an entertainment and retail complex developed by Forest City Ratner. The theater is owned by the city and state governments of New York and leased to New 42nd Street. Brookfield Asset Management, which acquired Forest City in 2018, subleases the venue from New 42nd Street.

Liberty Theatre
Former entrance to the Liberty Theatre in 2021
Address234 West 42nd Street
New York City
Coordinates40°45′24″N 73°59′18″W / 40.75658°N 73.98826°W / 40.75658; -73.98826Coordinates: 40°45′24″N 73°59′18″W / 40.75658°N 73.98826°W / 40.75658; -73.98826
OwnerCity and State of New York; leased to New 42nd Street
OperatorBrookfield Asset Management
TypeFormer Broadway
Capacity1055
Current useEvent venue
Construction
OpenedOctober 10, 1904
Closed1933 (Broadway theater)
Rebuilt2011
Years active1904–1933 (Broadway theater)
1915–1916, 1932 – late 1980s (movie theater)
2011–present (event venue)
ArchitectHerts & Tallant

The Liberty Theatre consisted of an auditorium facing 41st Street and a lobby facing 42nd Street. The facade on 42nd Street is largely hidden but was designed in the neoclassical style, similar to the neighboring New Amsterdam Theatre, designed by the same architects. The lobby from 42nd Street led to the auditorium in the rear, as well as men's and women's lounges in the basement. The auditorium, designed in the Art Nouveau style, contains two balconies cantilevered above ground-level orchestra seating. The theater has a steel frame and was designed with advanced mechanical systems for its time. The original design included depictions of the Liberty Bell and bald eagles, which have since been removed.

The Liberty opened on October 10, 1904, and in its early years hosted several hit productions, which largely consisted of comedies, dramas, or musicals. D. W. Griffith briefly screened movies at the theater in the 1910s. After Klaw and Erlanger ended their partnership in 1919, Erlanger continued to operate the theater until 1931; the Liberty was leased the next year to Max Rudnick, who presented movies and vaudeville. The Liberty hosted its last legitimate show in 1933, and the Brandt family took over the venue, operating it as a movie theater until the 1980s. The city and state governments of New York acquired the theater as part of the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project in 1990. Forest City Ratner developed an entertainment and retail complex on the site in the 1990s, but the Liberty Theatre remained largely abandoned until the early 21st century, when it became a restaurant space and event venue.

Site

The Liberty Theatre is at 234 West 42nd Street, on the south side between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue near the southern end of Times Square, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The theater is part of an entertainment and retail complex at 234 West 42nd Street, which includes the Madame Tussauds New York museum and the AMC Empire 25 movie theater.[1][2] The complex's land lot covers 54,060 square feet (5,022 m2) and extends 200 feet (61 m) between its two frontages on 41st and 42nd Streets,[1] with a frontage of 270 feet (82 m) on 41st Street and 350 feet (110 m) on 42nd Street.[3] Originally, the theater occupied its own land lot; the main frontage on 42nd Street measured only 20 feet (6.1 m) wide, while the 41st Street frontage measured 100 feet (30 m) wide. This is because the developers, Abraham L. Erlanger and Marcus Klaw, wanted the more prominent 42nd Street frontage as the main entrance.[4]

The city block includes the Candler Building, New Amsterdam Theatre, and 5 Times Square to the east, as well as Eleven Times Square to the west.[1][2] The E-Walk entertainment complex is directly across 42nd Street to the northwest.[5] The American Airlines Theatre and Times Square Theater are to the north, while the Lyric Theatre, New Victory Theater, and 3 Times Square are to the northeast. In addition, the Port Authority Bus Terminal is to the west, the New York Times Building is to the southwest, and the Nederlander Theatre is to the south.[1][2]

The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theaters.[6] In the first two decades of the 20th century, eleven venues for legitimate theater were built within one block of West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues.[7][8] The New Amsterdam, Harris, Liberty, Eltinge (now Empire), and Lew Fields theaters occupied the south side of the street. The original Lyric and Apollo theaters (combined into the current Lyric Theatre), as well as the Times Square, Victory, Selwyn (now American Airlines), and Victoria theaters, occupied the north side.[8] These venues were mostly converted to movie theaters by the 1930s, and many of them had been relegated to showing pornography by the 1970s.[8][9]

Design

The Liberty Theatre was designed by architects Herts & Tallant and developed for Klaw and Erlanger in 1904.[10][11] It was built by the Murphy Construction Company.[11] Herts and Tallant designed the theater in the Art Nouveau style, similar to their earlier projects in New York City (namely the New Amsterdam, Lyceum, and German theaters), although the Liberty's architectural detail was smaller in scale than in the other theaters.[12]

Exterior

The Liberty Theatre originally had a three-story-tall neoclassical facade on 42nd Street, similar to the neighboring New Amsterdam Theatre (also designed by Herts and Tallant). The entrance was through an arch, which was flanked by sign boards and topped by an electric sign.[13] On either side of the main entrance were caryatids representing comedy and song.[14] The second and third floors, which contained the theater's offices,[15] were spanned by a large archway. Above the arch was a stone shield, with a relief of the Liberty Bell carved into it. The facade was capped by a statue of a bald eagle with spread wings.[13] There was an ornamental cornice above the top story.[15] By the 1990s, most of the facade had been obscured or heavily modified,[16] and the third story had been completely stripped of ornamentation.[17] The 42nd Street facade is no longer visible above the first floor.[18]

The rear facade on 41st Street remains intact,[18] and The New York Times described it in 1996 as being in "good condition".[17] Images indicate that the 41st Street facade is made of plain brick and has no windows. Projecting brick piers divide the facade into five bays. There are loading docks within three of the bays, as well as globe-shaped lanterns affixed to the piers. The facade does not have any other decoration.[18]

Interior

 
Interior of the theater in 2021, after it had been converted into an event space

The theater was mechanically advanced for its time, with heating, cooling, ventilation, and fire-suppression systems. The structural frame was made of skeletal steel, while the floors were made of concrete and tile. The theater's sprinkler system was supplied by a 15,000-U.S.-gallon (57,000 L) water tank on the roof.[19][14] All of the air in the theater could be changed within five minutes.[19] In addition, there were 21 emergency exits within the theater building, excluding the fire escapes outside the dressing rooms, which allegedly allowed the theater to be cleared within two minutes.[13][14] These emergency exits led to courtyards on either side of the theater, running between 41st and 42nd Streets.[14] The structural frame and emergency exits may have been added in response to the Iroquois Theatre fire in 1903, where hundreds of people died in a Chicago theater that was allegedly fireproof.[13]

Auditorium

The auditorium is at the south end of the building and originally measured 72 feet (22 m) wide, with a depth of 60 feet (18 m) between the stage and the rear wall.[4] The auditorium's seats were spread across the orchestra level and two balconies.[4][17] The theater had 1,055 seats.[20][21][a] Unusually for theaters of the time,[22] the balconies are cantilevered from the structural framework, which eliminated the need for columns that blocked sightlines.[14][19] The orchestra level had 546 seats,[19] arranged in 15 rows.[4] The balcony levels were smaller; the upper balcony only had 264 seats.[14] At the rear of the auditorium, a wide staircase led from the lobby to the two balcony levels, while promenades ran behind the seating areas on all three levels.[14][19] The promenades were decorated in amber, white, and gold, a color scheme that was also used on the auditorium's seats, carpets, and other fabrics.[14]

The original design included eight boxes, four on either side of the stage.[4] The boxes were painted in ivory and gold. Above each set of boxes was a motif of a bald eagle, which in turn flanked a depiction of the Liberty Bell.[13][14] The proscenium opening is 36 feet (11 m) wide and 32 feet (9.8 m) high. Unlike in other theaters, the proscenium arch was not topped by a sounding board; as a result, audiences at the rear of the auditorium did not receive amplified sound from the stage.[13] By the 21st century, the rear walls of both balcony levels had been shifted forward significantly.[18]

The stage was designed to accommodate comedies and large musicals, measuring about 35 feet (11 m) deep and 72 feet (22 m) wide. The top of the fly loft was 70 feet (21 m) above the stage.[13] The Liberty's stage curtain was made of asbestos, as at many other theaters at the time, and contained a mural of Half Moon, the ship belonging to Dutch explorer Henry Hudson.[13][16] The curtain, measuring 35 by 25 feet (10.7 by 7.6 m), was probably designed by F. Richards Anderson and was decorated in blue, green, and brown hues. With the deterioration of the theater in the late 20th century, parts of the asbestos curtain began to flake off.[16]

Other spaces

The theater's lobby led from 42nd Street. It consisted of a vestibule with aluminum and gold decorations, as well as an ivory-and-white hallway that acted as a foyer.[14][19] The vestibule had a domed ceiling measuring 30 feet (9.1 m) across, and the foyer was 50 feet (15 m) long. The two spaces were separated by doors covered in leather.[14] The original lobby has been heavily modified.[18]

At the rear of the orchestra-level promenade were stairs, which led to men's and women's lounges in the basement.[13] The men's lounging and smoking room was decorated in the English style, with weathered-oak paneling as well as furniture covered with Spanish leather.[14][19] The women's lounge was painted green, gold, and ivory.[13][14]

History

Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression.[23] Manhattan's theater district had begun to shift from Union Square and Madison Square during the first decade of the 20th century.[24] At the beginning of that century, Klaw and Erlanger operated the predominant theatrical booking agency in the United States.[25] They decided to relocate to 42nd Street after observing that the Metropolitan Opera House, the Victoria Theatre, and the Theatre Republic (now New Victory Theater) had been developed around that area.[26] Klaw and Erlanger hired Herts and Tallant to design the New Amsterdam Theatre at 214 West 42nd Street, which opened on October 26, 1903.[27] Klaw and Erlanger then decided to build a second theater on the block, also designed by Herts and Tallant,[4] which would host musicals by the Rogers Brothers.[14] By early 1904, the Murphy Construction Company was constructing the theater's steel frame.[11]

Legitimate use

1900s and 1910s

The Liberty Theatre opened on October 10, 1904, with the revue The Rogers Brothers in Paris.[28][29] This was followed the next month by Little Johnny Jones,[30][31] the first large musical written by George M. Cohan.[28] The Liberty hosted several hit productions in its early years,[32] largely consisting of comedies, dramas, or musicals.[28] The Liberty's second season included The Rogers Brothers in Ireland in late 1905,[28][32] as well as the comedy-drama The Clansman[28][33] and the musical Lincoln in early 1906.[34][35] During the 1906–1907 season, Eleanor Robson produced several plays at the Liberty,[36][37] and the theater also hosted The Follies of 1907, the first edition of the annual Ziegfeld Follies revue.[38][39] The Rogers Brothers presented The Rogers Brothers in Panama in 1907,[40] but, amid decreasing popularity, the brothers never performed at the Liberty again.[41] Margaret Mayo's play Polly of the Circus opened in December 1907[42] and was a hit, running for 160 performances.[28][43] Other shows in the Liberty Theatre's early years included The Redskins in 1906 with Tyrone Power Sr., as well as Wildfire in 1908 with Lillian Russell.[37]

The musical The Arcadians opened at the Liberty in 1910,[44][45] followed at the end of the same year by the operetta The Spring Maid,[46] which stayed for six months.[47][48] The theater's other productions in the early 1910s included the play The Fascinating Widow in 1911,[49] the play Milestones in 1912,[50][51] and the operetta Rob Roy[52][53] and the musical Sweethearts in 1913.[54] Around the same time, Klaw and Erlanger had become involved in the film industry; in 1913, they signed an agreement with the Biograph Company that allowed Biograph to produce two features weekly at the syndicate's theaters.[28][55] Klaw and Erlanger leased the Liberty to movie-theater operator D. W. Griffith in February 1915, on the condition that movie tickets be sold at $2, the same price as tickets for plays.[56][57] The next month, Griffith presented The Birth of a Nation, the first film to be screened at the theater.[58][59] Griffith screened The Birth of a Nation over 750 times during the next nine months.[60]

The Liberty again hosted live shows in early 1916, when it presented a week of variety performances by The Blue Pierrots troupe,[61][62] as well as the musical Sybil.[63][64] In August of that year, Griffith leased the Liberty Theatre again, this time for his film Intolerance.[65][66] The Jerome Kern musical Have A Heart opened at the Liberty in January 1917,[67][68] followed the same year by the revue Hitchy-Koo of 1917[69][70] and the play The Wooing of Eve with Laurette Taylor and Lynn Fontanne.[37][71] At the end of the year, George M. Cohan and Sam H. Harris's musical Going Up opened at the Liberty,[72][73] running for 351 performances.[47][74] Following the success of the Ziegfeld Follies at the nearby New Amsterdam, Klaw and Erlanger presented two revues at the Liberty in 1919:[37][68] George White's Scandals of 1919[75] and Hitchy-Koo of 1919.[76][77] By then, Klaw and Erlanger's Theatrical Syndicate no longer had a monopoly on theatrical shows, and they had dissolved their partnership. A. L. Erlanger continued to produce shows at the Liberty Theatre, while Marcus Klaw developed his own venue on 45th Street, the Klaw Theatre.[37]

1920s and early 1930s

The Kern musical The Night Boat opened at the Liberty in February 1920[78] and ran for several months.[37][79] It was followed by George White's Scandals of 1921[80][81] and the Otto Harbach musical The O'Brien Girl.[37][82] During 1922, the Liberty Theatre hosted the comedy To the Ladies with Helen Hayes,[83][84] as well as Cohan's musical Little Nellie Kelly.[85][86] The theater's shows the next year included the play Magnolia with Leo Carrillo and The Magic Ring with Jeanette MacDonald.[37] The firm of Mandelbaum & Lewine, along with Max N. Natanson, bought the Liberty and Eltinge theaters in November 1923[87][88] and immediately resold the theaters to Maximilian Zipkes.[89] The Liberty hosted another Cohan musical at the end of that year, The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly,[90][91] although Cohan's musicals had begun to decline in popularity by then.[68] George and Ira Gershwin's musical Lady, Be Good! opened at the theater in December 1924[92] and lasted 330 performances.[93][94] This was followed in December 1925 by another Gershwin musical, Tip-Toes,[95] which lasted for 194 performances.[96][97]

Erlanger announced in April 1926 that the Liberty Theatre would be completely renovated after Tip-Toes ended that June,[98] and the theater reopened that September.[99] Lew Fields's revue Blackbirds of 1928, featuring an all-Black cast, premiered in May 1928[96] and had 518 total performances over two theaters.[100][101] It was one of several revues with Black casts to be presented at the Liberty Theatre in the late 1920s and early 1930s.[68][96] Blackbirds relocated to the Eltinge Theatre in October 1928[102] to make way for the comedy Mr. Moneypenny,[103][104] which lasted 61 performances.[102][104] The Liberty then hosted Subway Express, which premiered in October 1929[105] and ran for 270 performances.[102][106] By then, increasing competition between producers had resulted in many flops.[96] Furthermore, with the onset of the Great Depression, many Broadway theaters were impacted by declining attendance.[107][108]

The theater hosted a series of short-lived plays and musicals in early 1930,[20] including the Theatre Guild's revival of the play Volpone.[109][110] The musical comedy Brown Buddies opened at the Liberty that October,[111] running for 113 performances.[102][112] Although Erlanger died in March 1930, the executors of his estate continued to operate the theater.[113] The executors were unable to manage the theater, and most of the estate was ultimately given away to various creditors.[102] 234 West 42nd Street Inc., which Klaw and Erlanger had formed to manage the Liberty Theatre, was evicted from the theater in 1931 after failing to pay rent.[114] The theater hosted another all-Black revue in 1931, Singin' the Blues, which was unsuccessful.[68] Max Rudnick leased the theater in February 1932 for three years[115][116] and presented the Black revue Blackberries of 1932 that April.[117] Rudnick also presented movies in the theater,[102][118] and he began showing vaudeville as well in mid-1932, when he presented a 20-act revue entitled Folies Bergere.[119][120] The theater presented only two legitimate shows during the 1932–1933 season.[20] Masks and Faces, which closed on its opening night in March 1933,[121][122] was the last legitimate show staged at the Liberty until the 1990s.[102]

Movie theater and decline

After Masks and Faces closed, the Liberty continued to operate as a movie theater.[102] This was part of a decline in the Broadway theater industry in the mid-20th century; from 1931 to 1950, the number of legitimate theaters decreased from 68 to 30.[123][124] The Liberty's owner, the Daniel Holding Corporation, agreed to lease the theater to William Brandt in 1933. That lease was not officially recorded until 1938, when Brandt leased the Liberty to 229 West 42nd Street Inc.[125] The Liberty Theatre's operators screened second runs of Warner Bros. films that had premiered at the Times Theatre, on Eighth Avenue and 42nd Street.[126]

The Brandt family acquired the Liberty Theatre, along with the neighboring Eltinge (now Empire) Theatre, in December 1944.[127] By the mid-1940s, the ten theaters along 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues were all showing movies; this led Variety to call the block the "biggest movie center of the world".[128] The Brandt family operated seven of these theaters, while the Cinema circuit operated the other three.[128][129] The Brandt theaters included the Selwyn, Apollo, Times Square, Lyric, and Victory theaters on the north side of 42nd Street,[130][131] as well as the Eltinge and Liberty theaters on the south side.[129] The Liberty Theatre screened films that had previously been shown at the Selwyn.[128] Several producers offered to stage legitimate productions in the Brandt theaters, but none of the offers were successful.[132]

William Brandt said in 1953 that any of his 42nd Street theaters could be converted to legitimate houses within 24 hours' notice, but producers did not take up his offer.[133] By the late 1950s, the Liberty was classified as a "reissue house", displaying reruns of films and changing its offerings twice a week. Tickets cost 25 to 65 cents apiece, the cheapest admission scale for any theater on 42nd Street. The Liberty and the other 42nd Street theaters operated from 8 a.m. to 3 a.m., with three shifts of workers. The ten theaters on the block attracted about five million visitors a year between them.[134]

The 42nd Street Company was established in 1961 to operate the Brandts' seven theaters on 42nd Street.[135][136] By the early 1960s, the surrounding block had decayed, but many of the old theater buildings from the block's heyday remained, including the Liberty.[137] Martin Levine and Richard Brandt took over the 42nd Street Company in 1972.[135][136] At the time, the Liberty was presenting "subrun action fare", showing second runs of action films that had premiered at other theaters.[138] The other six theaters showed a variety of genres, though Levine said none of the company's 42nd Street theaters showed hardcore porn. The Brandts' theaters had a combined annual gross of about $2 million and operated nearly the entire day.[138] However, the area was in decline; the Brandts' theaters only had three million visitors by 1977, about half of the number in 1963.[139] The Brandts' movie theaters on 42nd Street continued to operate through the mid-1980s, at which point the Liberty was showing horror films.[140]

Redevelopment

Preservation attempts

 
The Liberty's modern facade, seen here in 2021, is obscured behind several billboards.

The 42nd Street Development Corporation had been formed in 1976 to discuss plans for redeveloping Times Square.[141] The same year, the City University of New York's Graduate Center hosted an exhibition with photographs of the Liberty and other theaters to advocate for the area's restoration.[142][143] One plan for the site, in 1978, called for razing several buildings in the area, including the Liberty, to create a park.[144][145] The New York City government announced the City at 42nd Street plan in December 1979 as part of a proposal to restore the section of West 42nd Street around Times Square.[146][147] Under the plan, five theaters would be converted back to legitimate use, and the facades of three other theaters, including the Liberty, would be restored.[146][148] The Liberty's large stage made it suitable for dance companies.[148] Mayor Ed Koch wavered in his support of the plan, referring to it as a "Disneyland on 42nd Street".[149][150]

Subsequently, Hugh Hardy conducted a report on 42nd Street's theaters in 1980. His report helped motivate the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) to survey fifty of Midtown Manhattan's extant theaters in the early 1980s.[151] Hardy's firm Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates (HHPA) determined that the Liberty's superstructure and the decorative plasterwork were still intact. However, the stage facilities were extremely rundown, and HHPA estimated that the theater required at least $2 million worth of restoration. In addition, the facade was deteriorating; the Liberty Bell and bald-eagle decorations had been removed from the facade, and a plain marquee had been placed in front of the theater's facade.[102]

The LPC had started to consider protecting theaters as landmarks in 1982, including the Liberty Theatre,[152] with discussions continuing over the next several years.[153] While the LPC granted landmark status to many Broadway theaters starting in 1987, it deferred decisions on the exterior and interior of the Liberty Theatre.[154] Further discussion of the landmark designations was delayed for several decades.[155] In late 2015, the LPC hosted public hearings on whether to designate the Liberty and six other theaters as landmarks.[156] The LPC rejected the designations in February 2016 because the theaters were already subject to historic-preservation regulations set by the state government.[157]

Early redevelopment proposals

The Urban Development Corporation (UDC), an agency of the New York state government, proposed redeveloping the area around a portion of West 42nd Street in 1981.[158][159] The plan centered around four towers that were to be built at 42nd Street's intersections with Broadway and Seventh Avenue, developed by Park Tower Realty and the Prudential Insurance Company of America.[160][161][b] The Brandt family planned to submit a bid to redevelop some of the theaters they owned on 42nd Street.[162][163] In June 1982, the Brandts' five theaters on the north side of 42nd Street were added to the redevelopment plan. Despite the Brandts' insistence that the Empire and Liberty theaters also be included in the redevelopment, the two theaters were leased to New York Mart Inc. as part of a separate plan.[164] Ultimately, the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project was delayed for several years due to lawsuits and disputes concerning the towers.[165]

The New York Mart plan consisted of a garment merchandise mart on Eighth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets, opposite Port Authority Bus Terminal.[166][167] The project was to be completed by the Times Square Redevelopment Corporation, comprising members of the New York state and city governments.[168] Under this plan, the Empire and Liberty theaters would be renovated, with the Liberty Theatre likely becoming a nonprofit theater, although the extent of the renovations is unclear.[168][169] David Morse and Richard Reinis were selected in April 1982 to develop the mart,[167][168] but they were removed from the project that November due to funding issues.[168][170] Subsequently, the state and city disputed over the replacement development team, leading the city to withdraw from the partnership in August 1983.[171][159] The state and city reached a compromise on the development team that October, wherein the mart would be developed by Tishman Speyer, operated by Trammell Crow, and funded by Equitable Life Assurance.[159][172]

The Brandts leased all their movie theaters on 42nd Street, including the Liberty, to the Cine 42nd Street Corporation in 1986.[173] The Liberty Theatre was still part of the mart project in 1987.[174][175] Though the theater was tentatively slated to be used as a nonprofit performing-arts theater,[175] the city and state governments had not reached an agreement with private developers regarding the mart.[174] The merchandise mart was ultimately never built; the northern part of the site became 11 Times Square, while the southern part became the New York Times Building.[159] A committee of theatrical experts recommended in 1987 that the Victory and Liberty theaters be restored for nonprofit use; they estimated that it would cost between $7 million and $7.8 million to renovate the Liberty.[176][177] City and state officials announced plans for the Liberty Theatre, along with five theaters on the north side of 42nd Street, in September 1988.[178] The UDC opened a request for proposals for the six theaters that October. The Liberty and Victory were to be converted into performing-arts venues for nonprofit organizations, while the Selwyn, Apollo, Lyric, and Times Square were to be converted to commercial use.[179] By the end of the year, the plans were threatened by a lack of money.[180]

In early 1989, several dozen nonprofit theater companies submitted plans to the UDC for the takeover of six theaters.[181][182] Most of the bids were for the Liberty and Victory, but the Selwyn, Apollo, Lyric, and Times Square theaters received 13 bids between them.[183] That year, The Durst Organization acquired the leases to eight theaters in Times Square, including the Victory. It subsequently announced plans to renovate the eight theaters in February 1990.[184][185] The New York state government acquired the theater sites that April via eminent domain.[181][186][187] The city had planned to buy out the theaters' leases[188] but withdrew after the 42nd Street Company indicated it would lease the theaters to another developer.[189] Although Durst protested the move, a New York Supreme Court judge ruled that the sites could be acquired by condemnation.[190]

New 42nd Street control

A nonprofit organization, New 42nd Street, was formed in September 1990 to restore six theaters, including the Liberty, and find uses for them.[187][191][192] Government officials hoped that development of the theaters would finally allow the construction of the four towers around 42nd Street, Broadway, and Seventh Avenue.[193] In 1992, New 42nd Street received $18.2 million for restoring the six theaters[194] as part of an agreement with Prudential and Park Tower.[195][196] Meanwhile, the Liberty continued to deteriorate, leading theatrical critic Mel Gussow to write in 1990 that the orchestra level had been "almost entirely reduced to rubble".[9][197] The interior of the theater caught fire the same year and was nearly destroyed.[197] The asbestos curtain was still intact but was extremely rundown, as The New York Times observed: "The bottom part [of the curtain] trails on the stage and is damaged by trash and plywood stacked there."[16] Even as the estimated renovation cost increased to $16 million,[198] the Times still predicted in 1992 that the Liberty and Victory were "most likely to be renovated".[199]

After Disney committed to restoring the New Amsterdam Theatre in 1994, most of the other theaters around 42nd Street were quickly leased.[200] By 1995, real-estate development firm Forest City Ratner was planning a $150 million entertainment and retail complex on the site of the Empire, Harris, and Liberty theaters.[201] Madame Tussauds and AMC leased space in the complex that July.[202][203] Madame Tussauds would occupy the eastern section of the site, using the entrance of the former Harris Theatre, while AMC would occupy the western section, with the Empire's facade being relocated westward.[204] Forest City Ratner leased the Liberty from New 42nd Street, although the development company did not use the theater itself.[205] Though the theater was not protected as a city landmark, the city and state governments had required that significant portions of the facade be preserved.[17] The Liberty was used for a staged reading of T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, a solo performance by Fiona Shaw, in late 1996.[206][207] The same year, GameWorks negotiated with Forest City Ratner to open a virtual-reality arcade in the theater,[17] although the Liberty remained empty through the late 1990s.[208][209] Forest City Ratner erected a Hilton hotel above the theater.[210]

The Liberty Theatre remained largely abandoned in the 2000s, and its facade and auditorium were hidden behind Madame Tussauds' entrance.[198][211] The theater was briefly used for Deborah Warner's site-specific art installation The Angel Project in 2003; at the time, Warner called it the city's "most hidden, anchorite-like, beautiful, walled-upped" building.[211] The Liberty's facade was integrated into the Ripley's Odditorium museum in the mid-2000s, while the auditorium was used by an adjacent Famous Dave's restaurant.[212] The theater was renovated in 2011.[213] The auditorium was converted to a rental event space,[212][213] and the restaurant portion along 42nd Street became the Liberty Diner.[214] Parts of the auditorium were still visible from the restaurant.[215] During 2015, Cynthia von Buhler staged the immersive play Speakeasy Dollhouse: Ziegfeld's Midnight Frolic, whose storyline investigates the death of actress Olive Thomas, at the theater.[216][214] The Liberty Diner and the auditorium closed after the operators lost the lease in 2015.[18]

Brookfield Asset Management took over Forest City's properties at the end of 2018.[217] Ripley's closed permanently in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and real-estate agency Cushman and Wakefield was marketing the Liberty Theatre for lease.[218] During late 2022, the Terror Haunted House operated within the space formerly used for Ripley's.[219]

Notable productions

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 110, states that the theater had 1,200 seats.
  2. ^ The sites were:[161]
    • Northwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue: now 3 Times Square
    • Northeast corner of 42nd Street and Broadway: now 4 Times Square
    • Southwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue: now 5 Times Square
    • South side of 42nd Street between Seventh Avenue and Broadway: now 7 Times Square (Times Square Tower)

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d "234 West 42 Street, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  3. ^ (PDF). New 42nd Street. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 110.
  5. ^ Holusha, John (November 10, 1999). "Commercial Real Estate; Cineplex Bringing Back The Movies to 42nd St". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  6. ^ New York City, Proposed Times Square Hotel UDAG: Environmental Impact Statement. 1981. p. 4.15. from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  7. ^ "Legitimate: New York's Playhouse List Nearing Half Century Mark". Variety. Vol. 48, no. 7. October 12, 1917. p. 14. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505606157.
  8. ^ a b c Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 675.
  9. ^ a b Gussow, Mel (May 23, 1990). "Critic's Notebook; Where Legends Were Born, Ghosts of Glory Linger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  10. ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, pp. 110–111.
  11. ^ a b c "Real Estate Notes". The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide. Vol. 73, no. 1887. May 14, 1904. p. 1116. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022 – via columbia.edu.
  12. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 11.
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  15. ^ a b "Of Interest to the Building Trades". The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide. Vol. 74, no. 1907. October 1, 1904. p. 677. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022 – via columbia.edu.
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  21. ^ "Liberty Theatre (1904) New York, NY". Playbill. March 16, 2016. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
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  29. ^ "Mrs. Patrick Campbell in Sardou's "Sorceress"; A Gorgeous Spectacle Drama of the Inquisition". The New York Times. October 11, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  30. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 7, 1904). "Little Johnny Jones – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  31. ^ a b "Rejane in "Amoureuse" and "Lolotte"; The Talented French Comedienne Lukewarmly Received". The New York Times. November 8, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  32. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 145.
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  39. ^ "The "Follies" Finally Attains Its Majority; The History of the Ziegfeld Revue, Now Turned Twenty-one". The New York Times. September 18, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  40. ^ ""The Rogers Brothers in Panama."". The New York Times. August 20, 1907. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  41. ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 114.
  42. ^ a b ""Polly of Circus" at the Liberty; Mabel Taliaferro Warmly Greeted in New Play of Love and Spangles". The New York Times. December 24, 1907. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  44. ^ a b The Broadway League (January 17, 1910). "The Arcadians – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  45. ^ a b ""The Arcadians" Charm at Liberty; A Musical Comedy Masterpiece Beautifully Staged and Acted". The New York Times. January 18, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  46. ^ "The Spring Maid Has Pretty Music; New Operetta Pleases Audience at the Liberty Theatre". The New York Times. December 27, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  47. ^ a b Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 116.
  48. ^ The Broadway League (December 26, 1910). "The Spring Maid – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Spring Maid (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1910)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  49. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 11, 1911). "The Fascinating Widow – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  51. ^ a b "Milestones' Play of Three Generations; Both Charm and Poignant Pathos to Unusual Work by Arnold Bennett and Edward Knoblauch". The New York Times. September 18, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  52. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 15, 1913). "Rob Roy – Broadway Musical – 1913 Revival". IBDB. from the original on June 20, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Rob Roy (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1913)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  53. ^ a b "Rob Roy" Revived; De Koven Opera Enthusiastically Received -- Bessie Abott Excels". The New York Times. September 16, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  54. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 8, 1913). "Sweethearts – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Sweethearts (Broadway, New Amsterdam Theatre, 1913)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  55. ^ "K. & E. Ally With Biograph". The Billboard. Vol. 25, no. 26. June 28, 1913. p. 17. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031457281.
  56. ^ "Motion Pictures at a $2 Scale is Plan in New York: Liberty Theater Leased With the Provision That Prices Are to Be Equal to Spoken Drama". The Christian Science Monitor. February 10, 1915. p. 4. ISSN 2573-3850. ProQuest 509338735.
  57. ^ "Life Savers Rescue 22 Off Fire Island; Breeches Buoy Used in Gale for Crew of the Hougomont, British Bark". The New York Times. February 7, 1915. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  58. ^ Turnbull, Hector (March 4, 1915). "A Stirring Film Drama Shown: "the Birth of a Nation" Presented at the Liberty Theatre Founded on Story of "the Clansman" Imposing Civil War Scenes, Followed by Exciting Ku Klux Raids the Cast". New-York Tribune. p. 9. ProQuest 575381743.
  59. ^ "Campaign For $100,000; Society Women Have Raised $23,000 for Lenox Hill Settlement". The New York Times. March 4, 1915. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  60. ^ "$2 Per Seat Pictures No Longer Draw in New York". The Billboard. Vol. 27, no. 50. December 11, 1915. pp. 3, 55. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031492559.
  61. ^ "Some Pierrots Astray; Old Town Hall Entertainment Blunders into the Liberty". The New York Times. January 4, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  62. ^ "English Turns at the Liberty: "Blue Pierrots" Proves to Be a Somewhat Stodgy Variety Performance". New-York Tribune. January 4, 1916. p. 11. ProQuest 575546803.
  63. ^ "'Sybil' Presented With Three Stars; Sanderson-Brian-Cawthorn Trio Entertains Agreeably at the Liberty". The New York Times. January 11, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  64. ^ The Broadway League (January 10, 1916). "Sybil – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
    "Sybil (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1916)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  65. ^ "News of Plays and Player: New Griffith Picture to Reopen the Liberty on August 22". New-York Tribune. August 3, 1916. p. 7. ProQuest 575626200.
  66. ^ "Jewish Peace in Sight; Col. Cutler Reports Progress in Bringing Organizations Together". The New York Times. August 3, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  67. ^ "'Have a Heart' is Bright and Tuneful; None of the Old Musical Comedy Ruts in Henry W. Savage's New Production". The New York Times. January 12, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  68. ^ a b c d e Bloom 2007, p. 146.
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    "Hitchy-Koo [1917] (Broadway, Sam H. Harris Theatre, 1917)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  70. ^ a b ""Hitchy-koo" Moved; Now at the Liberty, Which Displays Urban's Beautiful Decorations". The New York Times. August 28, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  71. ^ "Laurette Taylor and Eve's Wooing; A New Type of Part and a New Type of Comedy at the Liberty Theatre". The New York Times. November 10, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  72. ^ a b ""Going Up" is Enjoyable; New Musical Farce Is Full of Comedy and Tuneful Airs". The New York Times. December 26, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  73. ^ "Drama: 'Going Up" Teaches Art of Aviation in One Lesson at the Liberty". New-York Tribune. December 26, 1917. p. 7. ProQuest 575790233.
  74. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 25, 1917). "Going Up – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Going Up (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1917)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  75. ^ a b The Broadway League (June 2, 1919). "George White's Scandals [1919] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "George White's Scandals [1919] (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1919)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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    "Hitchy-Koo [1919] (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1919)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  77. ^ a b "'Hitchy-koo, 1919,' is a Hit; Raymond Hitchcock Appears in a Gorgeous, Lively, Hilarious Revue". The New York Times. October 7, 1919. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  78. ^ a b "The Night Boat" Arrives; Breezy and Brisk Musical Comedy Made from a French Farce". The New York Times. February 3, 1920. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  79. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 2, 1920). "The Night Boat – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Night Boat (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1920)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  80. ^ a b The Broadway League (July 11, 1921). "George White's Scandals [1921] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "George White's Scandals [1921] (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1921)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  81. ^ a b "White's 'Scandals' a Fine Spectacle; Effective Scenes and Broad Comedy in the New Revue at the Liberty". The New York Times. July 12, 1921. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  82. ^ "'The O'brien Girl' Wistful; Cohan's Jass-Dancing Hallmarks in His "Last" Production". The New York Times. October 4, 1921. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  83. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 20, 1922). "To the Ladies – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "To the Ladies (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1922)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  84. ^ a b Woollcott, Alexander (February 21, 1922). "The Play; By the Authors of " Dulcy." The Friends of Comedy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  85. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 13, 1922). "Little Nellie Kelly – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Little Nellie Kelly (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1922)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  86. ^ a b "'Little Nellie Kelly' Hums; George M. Cohan's New Musical Comedy Is of His Best Brand". The New York Times. November 14, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  87. ^ "Syndicate buys Two Theaters In 42d Street: Eltinge and Liberty Playhouses, Assessed at $1,105,000, Sold by Goodridge Family to Operators". New-York Tribune. November 21, 1923. p. 20. ProQuest 1237308941.
  88. ^ "The Bronx Market. Investor Buys New Apartment on the Concourse". The New York Times. November 21, 1923. p. 33. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103149218.
  89. ^ "Three New York City Houses Change Hands". The Billboard. Vol. 35, no. 49. December 8, 1923. p. 7. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1505527262.
  90. ^ "Cohan's New Show a Dancing Success; 'The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly' at Liberty Theatre Is Brisk and Workmanlike". The New York Times. December 26, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  91. ^ The Broadway League (December 25, 1923). "The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
    "The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1923)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  92. ^ a b "Adele Astaire Fascinates; In Tuneful "Lady, Be Good" She Vividly Recalls Beatrice Lillie". The New York Times. December 2, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  93. ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, pp. 117–120.
  94. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 1, 1924). "Lady, Be Good! – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Lady, Be Good (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1924)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  95. ^ a b "'Tip-Toes, 'With Gershwin Tunes, Is Frisky Show: Florida Is Again Called on tc Supply the Setting for Liberty Production". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. December 29, 1925. p. 13. ProQuest 1112885502.
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    "Tip-Toes (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1925)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  98. ^ "Liberty Theater, N. Y., To Be Made Like New". The Billboard. Vol. 38, no. 17. April 24, 1926. p. 9. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031801040.
  99. ^ "Liberty Theater to Reopen". New York Herald Tribune. September 23, 1926. p. 16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1112978352.
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    "Blackbirds of 1928 (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1928)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  101. ^ a b ""Blackbirds" Run to End; Negro Revue to Quit Saturday After Engagement of More Than Year". The New York Times. June 10, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
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  103. ^ "'Mr. Moneypenny' an Allegorical Play; Pollock's Piece Assembled So Shrewdly as to Delight Audience". The New York Times. October 17, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
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  105. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 24, 1929). "Subway Express – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Subway Express (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1929)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  106. ^ a b Atkinson, J. Brooks (September 25, 1929). "The Play; Perils of the Subway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  107. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 189.
  108. ^ Henderson & Greene 2008, p. 71.
  109. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 10, 1930). "Volpone – Broadway Play – 1930 Revival". IBDB. from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  110. ^ a b ""Volpone" is Revived; Theatre Guild's Version of Ben Jonson's Farce Still Entertaining". The New York Times. March 11, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  111. ^ a b Atkinson, J. Brooks (October 8, 1930). "The Play; Musical Comedy in Sepia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  112. ^ a b The Broadway League (October 7, 1930). "Brown Buddies – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Brown Buddies (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1930)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  113. ^ "A.L. Erlanger Dies After Long Illness; Largest Individual Owner of Playhouses and Former 'Czar' of Stage Succumbs at 69". The New York Times. March 8, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  114. ^ "Legitimate: Liberty Theater Suit Scheduled". The Billboard. Vol. 49, no. 18. May 1, 1937. p. 22. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1032116008.
  115. ^ "$300,000 Rent for 'Village' Space". New York Herald Tribune. February 17, 1932. p. 34. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114492247.
  116. ^ "Residence Deals Feature Trading". The New York Times. February 17, 1932. p. 43. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 99738171.
  117. ^ Atkinson, J. Brooks (April 5, 1932). "Over the Coffee Cups With George Bernard Shaw in a Play Entitled "Too True to Be Good."". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  118. ^ "Another B'way Legit Theatre For Pictures". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 8, no. 29. February 18, 1932. p. 3. ProQuest 2297377345.
  119. ^ Allen, Kelcey (July 1, 1932). "Amusements: Vaudeville Taking On Enthusiasm Of 1900". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 45, no. 1. p. 13. ProQuest 1677052734.
  120. ^ "Legitimate: Equity Types 'Folies' Vaude". The Billboard. Vol. 44, no. 32. August 6, 1932. p. 15. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1032003710.
  121. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 18, 1933). "Masks and Faces – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Masks and Faces (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1933)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  122. ^ a b "Masks and Faces" Lasts 1 Night". The New York Times. March 22, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  123. ^ Reilly, James F. (January 3, 1951). "Legitimate: the Disappearing Theatre". Variety. Vol. 181, no. 4. pp. 266, 268. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505767801.
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  125. ^ "Latest Recorded Leases". The New York Times. February 8, 1938. p. 37. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 102649001.
  126. ^ "Test Suit to Halt Extended First Runs Planned by ITOA: Exhibs See Pact Adjustment Needed". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 48, no. 9. October 14, 1938. p. 14. ProQuest 2297355113.
  127. ^ "Brandt Acquires 2 More Theatres; Adds the Liberty and Eltinge on West 42d St. Through Holding Co. Purchase". The New York Times. December 22, 1944. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  128. ^ a b c "Pictures: Even 42d St., With Its Unique Films, Faces Shortages". Variety. Vol. 165, no. 12. February 26, 1947. p. 27. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1285899443.
  129. ^ a b "Brandt Acquires 2 More Theatres; Adds the Liberty and Eltinge on West 42d St. Through Holding Co. Purchase". The New York Times. December 22, 1944. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
  130. ^ "Extends Holdings in Times Sq. Area: Theatre Group Now Controls Half of Frontage in 42d and 43d Street' Blocks". The New York Times. April 9, 1944. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 106913088.
  131. ^ "State Liquor Authority Rents Broadway Offices". New York Herald Tribune. March 20, 1944. p. 21A. ProQuest 1283104921.
  132. ^ Cooper, Lee E. (June 9, 1946). "Brandt Assembles Big Theatre Plot in Times Sq. Area; Five Buildings May Give Way to a Tall New Structure Under Pending Deals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
  133. ^ Zolotow, Sam (April 3, 1953). "Movie Man Scoffs at Playhouse Jam; Brandt Invites Bookings at 42d St. Theatres at Guarantee -- 'The Bat' Fluttering". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
  134. ^ "42d St. Grinds' $5-mil Gross". Variety. Vol. 205, no. 9. January 30, 1957. pp. 3, 20. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1014785728.
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    "The Taming of the Shrew (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1905)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  221. ^ The Broadway League (February 13, 1905). "The School for Scandal – Broadway Play – 1905 Revival". IBDB. from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  222. ^ The Broadway League (February 20, 1905). "The Education of Mr. Pipp – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  225. ^ The Broadway League (January 19, 1907). "Salomy Jane – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
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  226. ^ The Broadway League (February 27, 1907). "Merely Mary Ann – Broadway Play – 1907 Revival". IBDB. from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Merely Mary Ann (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1907)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  227. ^ The Broadway League (August 10, 1908). "The Traveling Salesman – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Traveling Salesman (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1908)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  228. ^ The Broadway League (November 14, 1911). "The Littlest Rebel – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Littlest Rebel (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1911)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  229. ^ The Broadway League (November 10, 1913). "General John Regan – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "General John Regan (Broadway, Hudson Theatre, 1913)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  230. ^ The Broadway League (January 13, 1914). "Sari – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Sari (Broadway, New Amsterdam Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  231. ^ The Broadway League (March 30, 1914). "Lady Windermere's Fan – Broadway Play – 1914 Revival". IBDB. from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Lady Windermere's Fan (Broadway, Hudson Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  232. ^ The Broadway League (September 16, 1914). "He Comes Up Smiling – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "He Comes Up Smiling (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  233. ^ The Broadway League (October 12, 1914). "Pygmalion – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Pygmalion (Broadway, International Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  234. ^ The Broadway League (November 23, 1914). "Twelfth Night – Broadway Play – 1914 Revival". IBDB. from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Twelfth Night (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  235. ^ The Broadway League (December 29, 1914). "The Silent Voice – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Silent Voice (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1914)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  236. ^ The Broadway League (March 19, 1917). "The Imaginary Invalid – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The Imaginary Invalid (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1917)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  237. ^ The Broadway League (November 24, 1919). "Caesar's Wife – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Caesar's Wife (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1919)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  238. ^ The Broadway League (October 26, 1925). "The City Chap – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "The City Chap (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1925)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  239. ^ The Broadway League (November 16, 1932). "Cradle Snatchers – Broadway Play – 1932 Revival". IBDB. from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    "Cradle Snatchers (Broadway, Liberty Theatre, 1932)". Playbill. December 14, 2015. from the original on January 31, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2022.

Sources

  • Bloom, Ken (2007). The Routledge Guide to Broadway (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-97380-9.
  • Lyceum Theater Interior (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. December 8, 1987.
  • Henderson, Mary C.; Greene, Alexis (2008). The story of 42nd Street : the theaters, shows, characters, and scandals of the world's most notorious street. New York: Back Stage Books. ISBN 978-0-8230-3072-9. OCLC 190860159.
  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty Theatre (New York City).

February 23, 2023
liberty, theatre, liberty, theater, redirects, here, other, uses, liberty, theater, disambiguation, former, broadway, theater, west, 42nd, street, theater, district, midtown, manhattan, york, city, opened, 1904, theater, designed, herts, tallant, built, klaw, . Liberty Theater redirects here For other uses see Liberty Theater disambiguation The Liberty Theatre is a former Broadway theater at 234 West 42nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City Opened in 1904 the theater was designed by Herts amp Tallant and built for Klaw and Erlanger the partnership of theatrical producers Marc Klaw and A L Erlanger The theater has been used as an event venue since 2011 and is part of an entertainment and retail complex developed by Forest City Ratner The theater is owned by the city and state governments of New York and leased to New 42nd Street Brookfield Asset Management which acquired Forest City in 2018 subleases the venue from New 42nd Street Liberty TheatreFormer entrance to the Liberty Theatre in 2021Address234 West 42nd StreetNew York CityCoordinates40 45 24 N 73 59 18 W 40 75658 N 73 98826 W 40 75658 73 98826 Coordinates 40 45 24 N 73 59 18 W 40 75658 N 73 98826 W 40 75658 73 98826OwnerCity and State of New York leased to New 42nd StreetOperatorBrookfield Asset ManagementTypeFormer BroadwayCapacity1055Current useEvent venueConstructionOpenedOctober 10 1904Closed1933 Broadway theater Rebuilt2011Years active1904 1933 Broadway theater 1915 1916 1932 late 1980s movie theater 2011 present event venue ArchitectHerts amp TallantThe Liberty Theatre consisted of an auditorium facing 41st Street and a lobby facing 42nd Street The facade on 42nd Street is largely hidden but was designed in the neoclassical style similar to the neighboring New Amsterdam Theatre designed by the same architects The lobby from 42nd Street led to the auditorium in the rear as well as men s and women s lounges in the basement The auditorium designed in the Art Nouveau style contains two balconies cantilevered above ground level orchestra seating The theater has a steel frame and was designed with advanced mechanical systems for its time The original design included depictions of the Liberty Bell and bald eagles which have since been removed The Liberty opened on October 10 1904 and in its early years hosted several hit productions which largely consisted of comedies dramas or musicals D W Griffith briefly screened movies at the theater in the 1910s After Klaw and Erlanger ended their partnership in 1919 Erlanger continued to operate the theater until 1931 the Liberty was leased the next year to Max Rudnick who presented movies and vaudeville The Liberty hosted its last legitimate show in 1933 and the Brandt family took over the venue operating it as a movie theater until the 1980s The city and state governments of New York acquired the theater as part of the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project in 1990 Forest City Ratner developed an entertainment and retail complex on the site in the 1990s but the Liberty Theatre remained largely abandoned until the early 21st century when it became a restaurant space and event venue Contents 1 Site 2 Design 2 1 Exterior 2 2 Interior 2 2 1 Auditorium 2 2 2 Other spaces 3 History 3 1 Legitimate use 3 1 1 1900s and 1910s 3 1 2 1920s and early 1930s 3 2 Movie theater and decline 3 3 Redevelopment 3 3 1 Preservation attempts 3 3 2 Early redevelopment proposals 3 3 3 New 42nd Street control 4 Notable productions 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksSite EditThe Liberty Theatre is at 234 West 42nd Street on the south side between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue near the southern end of Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City The theater is part of an entertainment and retail complex at 234 West 42nd Street which includes the Madame Tussauds New York museum and the AMC Empire 25 movie theater 1 2 The complex s land lot covers 54 060 square feet 5 022 m2 and extends 200 feet 61 m between its two frontages on 41st and 42nd Streets 1 with a frontage of 270 feet 82 m on 41st Street and 350 feet 110 m on 42nd Street 3 Originally the theater occupied its own land lot the main frontage on 42nd Street measured only 20 feet 6 1 m wide while the 41st Street frontage measured 100 feet 30 m wide This is because the developers Abraham L Erlanger and Marcus Klaw wanted the more prominent 42nd Street frontage as the main entrance 4 The city block includes the Candler Building New Amsterdam Theatre and 5 Times Square to the east as well as Eleven Times Square to the west 1 2 The E Walk entertainment complex is directly across 42nd Street to the northwest 5 The American Airlines Theatre and Times Square Theater are to the north while the Lyric Theatre New Victory Theater and 3 Times Square are to the northeast In addition the Port Authority Bus Terminal is to the west the New York Times Building is to the southwest and the Nederlander Theatre is to the south 1 2 The surrounding area is part of Manhattan s Theater District and contains many Broadway theaters 6 In the first two decades of the 20th century eleven venues for legitimate theater were built within one block of West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues 7 8 The New Amsterdam Harris Liberty Eltinge now Empire and Lew Fields theaters occupied the south side of the street The original Lyric and Apollo theaters combined into the current Lyric Theatre as well as the Times Square Victory Selwyn now American Airlines and Victoria theaters occupied the north side 8 These venues were mostly converted to movie theaters by the 1930s and many of them had been relegated to showing pornography by the 1970s 8 9 Design EditThe Liberty Theatre was designed by architects Herts amp Tallant and developed for Klaw and Erlanger in 1904 10 11 It was built by the Murphy Construction Company 11 Herts and Tallant designed the theater in the Art Nouveau style similar to their earlier projects in New York City namely the New Amsterdam Lyceum and German theaters although the Liberty s architectural detail was smaller in scale than in the other theaters 12 Exterior Edit The Liberty Theatre originally had a three story tall neoclassical facade on 42nd Street similar to the neighboring New Amsterdam Theatre also designed by Herts and Tallant The entrance was through an arch which was flanked by sign boards and topped by an electric sign 13 On either side of the main entrance were caryatids representing comedy and song 14 The second and third floors which contained the theater s offices 15 were spanned by a large archway Above the arch was a stone shield with a relief of the Liberty Bell carved into it The facade was capped by a statue of a bald eagle with spread wings 13 There was an ornamental cornice above the top story 15 By the 1990s most of the facade had been obscured or heavily modified 16 and the third story had been completely stripped of ornamentation 17 The 42nd Street facade is no longer visible above the first floor 18 The rear facade on 41st Street remains intact 18 and The New York Times described it in 1996 as being in good condition 17 Images indicate that the 41st Street facade is made of plain brick and has no windows Projecting brick piers divide the facade into five bays There are loading docks within three of the bays as well as globe shaped lanterns affixed to the piers The facade does not have any other decoration 18 Interior Edit Interior of the theater in 2021 after it had been converted into an event space The theater was mechanically advanced for its time with heating cooling ventilation and fire suppression systems The structural frame was made of skeletal steel while the floors were made of concrete and tile The theater s sprinkler system was supplied by a 15 000 U S gallon 57 000 L water tank on the roof 19 14 All of the air in the theater could be changed within five minutes 19 In addition there were 21 emergency exits within the theater building excluding the fire escapes outside the dressing rooms which allegedly allowed the theater to be cleared within two minutes 13 14 These emergency exits led to courtyards on either side of the theater running between 41st and 42nd Streets 14 The structural frame and emergency exits may have been added in response to the Iroquois Theatre fire in 1903 where hundreds of people died in a Chicago theater that was allegedly fireproof 13 Auditorium Edit The auditorium is at the south end of the building and originally measured 72 feet 22 m wide with a depth of 60 feet 18 m between the stage and the rear wall 4 The auditorium s seats were spread across the orchestra level and two balconies 4 17 The theater had 1 055 seats 20 21 a Unusually for theaters of the time 22 the balconies are cantilevered from the structural framework which eliminated the need for columns that blocked sightlines 14 19 The orchestra level had 546 seats 19 arranged in 15 rows 4 The balcony levels were smaller the upper balcony only had 264 seats 14 At the rear of the auditorium a wide staircase led from the lobby to the two balcony levels while promenades ran behind the seating areas on all three levels 14 19 The promenades were decorated in amber white and gold a color scheme that was also used on the auditorium s seats carpets and other fabrics 14 The original design included eight boxes four on either side of the stage 4 The boxes were painted in ivory and gold Above each set of boxes was a motif of a bald eagle which in turn flanked a depiction of the Liberty Bell 13 14 The proscenium opening is 36 feet 11 m wide and 32 feet 9 8 m high Unlike in other theaters the proscenium arch was not topped by a sounding board as a result audiences at the rear of the auditorium did not receive amplified sound from the stage 13 By the 21st century the rear walls of both balcony levels had been shifted forward significantly 18 The stage was designed to accommodate comedies and large musicals measuring about 35 feet 11 m deep and 72 feet 22 m wide The top of the fly loft was 70 feet 21 m above the stage 13 The Liberty s stage curtain was made of asbestos as at many other theaters at the time and contained a mural of Half Moon the ship belonging to Dutch explorer Henry Hudson 13 16 The curtain measuring 35 by 25 feet 10 7 by 7 6 m was probably designed by F Richards Anderson and was decorated in blue green and brown hues With the deterioration of the theater in the late 20th century parts of the asbestos curtain began to flake off 16 Other spaces Edit The theater s lobby led from 42nd Street It consisted of a vestibule with aluminum and gold decorations as well as an ivory and white hallway that acted as a foyer 14 19 The vestibule had a domed ceiling measuring 30 feet 9 1 m across and the foyer was 50 feet 15 m long The two spaces were separated by doors covered in leather 14 The original lobby has been heavily modified 18 At the rear of the orchestra level promenade were stairs which led to men s and women s lounges in the basement 13 The men s lounging and smoking room was decorated in the English style with weathered oak paneling as well as furniture covered with Spanish leather 14 19 The women s lounge was painted green gold and ivory 13 14 History EditTimes Square became the epicenter for large scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression 23 Manhattan s theater district had begun to shift from Union Square and Madison Square during the first decade of the 20th century 24 At the beginning of that century Klaw and Erlanger operated the predominant theatrical booking agency in the United States 25 They decided to relocate to 42nd Street after observing that the Metropolitan Opera House the Victoria Theatre and the Theatre Republic now New Victory Theater had been developed around that area 26 Klaw and Erlanger hired Herts and Tallant to design the New Amsterdam Theatre at 214 West 42nd Street which opened on October 26 1903 27 Klaw and Erlanger then decided to build a second theater on the block also designed by Herts and Tallant 4 which would host musicals by the Rogers Brothers 14 By early 1904 the Murphy Construction Company was constructing the theater s steel frame 11 Legitimate use Edit 1900s and 1910s Edit The Liberty Theatre opened on October 10 1904 with the revue The Rogers Brothers in Paris 28 29 This was followed the next month by Little Johnny Jones 30 31 the first large musical written by George M Cohan 28 The Liberty hosted several hit productions in its early years 32 largely consisting of comedies dramas or musicals 28 The Liberty s second season included The Rogers Brothers in Ireland in late 1905 28 32 as well as the comedy drama The Clansman 28 33 and the musical Lincoln in early 1906 34 35 During the 1906 1907 season Eleanor Robson produced several plays at the Liberty 36 37 and the theater also hosted The Follies of 1907 the first edition of the annual Ziegfeld Follies revue 38 39 The Rogers Brothers presented The Rogers Brothers in Panama in 1907 40 but amid decreasing popularity the brothers never performed at the Liberty again 41 Margaret Mayo s play Polly of the Circus opened in December 1907 42 and was a hit running for 160 performances 28 43 Other shows in the Liberty Theatre s early years included The Redskins in 1906 with Tyrone Power Sr as well as Wildfire in 1908 with Lillian Russell 37 The musical The Arcadians opened at the Liberty in 1910 44 45 followed at the end of the same year by the operetta The Spring Maid 46 which stayed for six months 47 48 The theater s other productions in the early 1910s included the play The Fascinating Widow in 1911 49 the play Milestones in 1912 50 51 and the operetta Rob Roy 52 53 and the musical Sweethearts in 1913 54 Around the same time Klaw and Erlanger had become involved in the film industry in 1913 they signed an agreement with the Biograph Company that allowed Biograph to produce two features weekly at the syndicate s theaters 28 55 Klaw and Erlanger leased the Liberty to movie theater operator D W Griffith in February 1915 on the condition that movie tickets be sold at 2 the same price as tickets for plays 56 57 The next month Griffith presented The Birth of a Nation the first film to be screened at the theater 58 59 Griffith screened The Birth of a Nation over 750 times during the next nine months 60 The Liberty again hosted live shows in early 1916 when it presented a week of variety performances by The Blue Pierrots troupe 61 62 as well as the musical Sybil 63 64 In August of that year Griffith leased the Liberty Theatre again this time for his film Intolerance 65 66 The Jerome Kern musical Have A Heart opened at the Liberty in January 1917 67 68 followed the same year by the revue Hitchy Koo of 1917 69 70 and the play The Wooing of Eve with Laurette Taylor and Lynn Fontanne 37 71 At the end of the year George M Cohan and Sam H Harris s musical Going Up opened at the Liberty 72 73 running for 351 performances 47 74 Following the success of the Ziegfeld Follies at the nearby New Amsterdam Klaw and Erlanger presented two revues at the Liberty in 1919 37 68 George White s Scandals of 1919 75 and Hitchy Koo of 1919 76 77 By then Klaw and Erlanger s Theatrical Syndicate no longer had a monopoly on theatrical shows and they had dissolved their partnership A L Erlanger continued to produce shows at the Liberty Theatre while Marcus Klaw developed his own venue on 45th Street the Klaw Theatre 37 1920s and early 1930s Edit Adelaide Hall in Blackbirds of 1928 The Kern musical The Night Boat opened at the Liberty in February 1920 78 and ran for several months 37 79 It was followed by George White s Scandals of 1921 80 81 and the Otto Harbach musical The O Brien Girl 37 82 During 1922 the Liberty Theatre hosted the comedy To the Ladies with Helen Hayes 83 84 as well as Cohan s musical Little Nellie Kelly 85 86 The theater s shows the next year included the play Magnolia with Leo Carrillo and The Magic Ring with Jeanette MacDonald 37 The firm of Mandelbaum amp Lewine along with Max N Natanson bought the Liberty and Eltinge theaters in November 1923 87 88 and immediately resold the theaters to Maximilian Zipkes 89 The Liberty hosted another Cohan musical at the end of that year The Rise of Rosie O Reilly 90 91 although Cohan s musicals had begun to decline in popularity by then 68 George and Ira Gershwin s musical Lady Be Good opened at the theater in December 1924 92 and lasted 330 performances 93 94 This was followed in December 1925 by another Gershwin musical Tip Toes 95 which lasted for 194 performances 96 97 Erlanger announced in April 1926 that the Liberty Theatre would be completely renovated after Tip Toes ended that June 98 and the theater reopened that September 99 Lew Fields s revue Blackbirds of 1928 featuring an all Black cast premiered in May 1928 96 and had 518 total performances over two theaters 100 101 It was one of several revues with Black casts to be presented at the Liberty Theatre in the late 1920s and early 1930s 68 96 Blackbirds relocated to the Eltinge Theatre in October 1928 102 to make way for the comedy Mr Moneypenny 103 104 which lasted 61 performances 102 104 The Liberty then hosted Subway Express which premiered in October 1929 105 and ran for 270 performances 102 106 By then increasing competition between producers had resulted in many flops 96 Furthermore with the onset of the Great Depression many Broadway theaters were impacted by declining attendance 107 108 The theater hosted a series of short lived plays and musicals in early 1930 20 including the Theatre Guild s revival of the play Volpone 109 110 The musical comedy Brown Buddies opened at the Liberty that October 111 running for 113 performances 102 112 Although Erlanger died in March 1930 the executors of his estate continued to operate the theater 113 The executors were unable to manage the theater and most of the estate was ultimately given away to various creditors 102 234 West 42nd Street Inc which Klaw and Erlanger had formed to manage the Liberty Theatre was evicted from the theater in 1931 after failing to pay rent 114 The theater hosted another all Black revue in 1931 Singin the Blues which was unsuccessful 68 Max Rudnick leased the theater in February 1932 for three years 115 116 and presented the Black revue Blackberries of 1932 that April 117 Rudnick also presented movies in the theater 102 118 and he began showing vaudeville as well in mid 1932 when he presented a 20 act revue entitled Folies Bergere 119 120 The theater presented only two legitimate shows during the 1932 1933 season 20 Masks and Faces which closed on its opening night in March 1933 121 122 was the last legitimate show staged at the Liberty until the 1990s 102 Movie theater and decline Edit After Masks and Faces closed the Liberty continued to operate as a movie theater 102 This was part of a decline in the Broadway theater industry in the mid 20th century from 1931 to 1950 the number of legitimate theaters decreased from 68 to 30 123 124 The Liberty s owner the Daniel Holding Corporation agreed to lease the theater to William Brandt in 1933 That lease was not officially recorded until 1938 when Brandt leased the Liberty to 229 West 42nd Street Inc 125 The Liberty Theatre s operators screened second runs of Warner Bros films that had premiered at the Times Theatre on Eighth Avenue and 42nd Street 126 The Brandt family acquired the Liberty Theatre along with the neighboring Eltinge now Empire Theatre in December 1944 127 By the mid 1940s the ten theaters along 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues were all showing movies this led Variety to call the block the biggest movie center of the world 128 The Brandt family operated seven of these theaters while the Cinema circuit operated the other three 128 129 The Brandt theaters included the Selwyn Apollo Times Square Lyric and Victory theaters on the north side of 42nd Street 130 131 as well as the Eltinge and Liberty theaters on the south side 129 The Liberty Theatre screened films that had previously been shown at the Selwyn 128 Several producers offered to stage legitimate productions in the Brandt theaters but none of the offers were successful 132 William Brandt said in 1953 that any of his 42nd Street theaters could be converted to legitimate houses within 24 hours notice but producers did not take up his offer 133 By the late 1950s the Liberty was classified as a reissue house displaying reruns of films and changing its offerings twice a week Tickets cost 25 to 65 cents apiece the cheapest admission scale for any theater on 42nd Street The Liberty and the other 42nd Street theaters operated from 8 a m to 3 a m with three shifts of workers The ten theaters on the block attracted about five million visitors a year between them 134 The 42nd Street Company was established in 1961 to operate the Brandts seven theaters on 42nd Street 135 136 By the early 1960s the surrounding block had decayed but many of the old theater buildings from the block s heyday remained including the Liberty 137 Martin Levine and Richard Brandt took over the 42nd Street Company in 1972 135 136 At the time the Liberty was presenting subrun action fare showing second runs of action films that had premiered at other theaters 138 The other six theaters showed a variety of genres though Levine said none of the company s 42nd Street theaters showed hardcore porn The Brandts theaters had a combined annual gross of about 2 million and operated nearly the entire day 138 However the area was in decline the Brandts theaters only had three million visitors by 1977 about half of the number in 1963 139 The Brandts movie theaters on 42nd Street continued to operate through the mid 1980s at which point the Liberty was showing horror films 140 Redevelopment Edit Preservation attempts Edit The Liberty s modern facade seen here in 2021 is obscured behind several billboards The 42nd Street Development Corporation had been formed in 1976 to discuss plans for redeveloping Times Square 141 The same year the City University of New York s Graduate Center hosted an exhibition with photographs of the Liberty and other theaters to advocate for the area s restoration 142 143 One plan for the site in 1978 called for razing several buildings in the area including the Liberty to create a park 144 145 The New York City government announced the City at 42nd Street plan in December 1979 as part of a proposal to restore the section of West 42nd Street around Times Square 146 147 Under the plan five theaters would be converted back to legitimate use and the facades of three other theaters including the Liberty would be restored 146 148 The Liberty s large stage made it suitable for dance companies 148 Mayor Ed Koch wavered in his support of the plan referring to it as a Disneyland on 42nd Street 149 150 Subsequently Hugh Hardy conducted a report on 42nd Street s theaters in 1980 His report helped motivate the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC to survey fifty of Midtown Manhattan s extant theaters in the early 1980s 151 Hardy s firm Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates HHPA determined that the Liberty s superstructure and the decorative plasterwork were still intact However the stage facilities were extremely rundown and HHPA estimated that the theater required at least 2 million worth of restoration In addition the facade was deteriorating the Liberty Bell and bald eagle decorations had been removed from the facade and a plain marquee had been placed in front of the theater s facade 102 The LPC had started to consider protecting theaters as landmarks in 1982 including the Liberty Theatre 152 with discussions continuing over the next several years 153 While the LPC granted landmark status to many Broadway theaters starting in 1987 it deferred decisions on the exterior and interior of the Liberty Theatre 154 Further discussion of the landmark designations was delayed for several decades 155 In late 2015 the LPC hosted public hearings on whether to designate the Liberty and six other theaters as landmarks 156 The LPC rejected the designations in February 2016 because the theaters were already subject to historic preservation regulations set by the state government 157 Early redevelopment proposals Edit The Urban Development Corporation UDC an agency of the New York state government proposed redeveloping the area around a portion of West 42nd Street in 1981 158 159 The plan centered around four towers that were to be built at 42nd Street s intersections with Broadway and Seventh Avenue developed by Park Tower Realty and the Prudential Insurance Company of America 160 161 b The Brandt family planned to submit a bid to redevelop some of the theaters they owned on 42nd Street 162 163 In June 1982 the Brandts five theaters on the north side of 42nd Street were added to the redevelopment plan Despite the Brandts insistence that the Empire and Liberty theaters also be included in the redevelopment the two theaters were leased to New York Mart Inc as part of a separate plan 164 Ultimately the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project was delayed for several years due to lawsuits and disputes concerning the towers 165 The New York Mart plan consisted of a garment merchandise mart on Eighth Avenue between 40th and 42nd Streets opposite Port Authority Bus Terminal 166 167 The project was to be completed by the Times Square Redevelopment Corporation comprising members of the New York state and city governments 168 Under this plan the Empire and Liberty theaters would be renovated with the Liberty Theatre likely becoming a nonprofit theater although the extent of the renovations is unclear 168 169 David Morse and Richard Reinis were selected in April 1982 to develop the mart 167 168 but they were removed from the project that November due to funding issues 168 170 Subsequently the state and city disputed over the replacement development team leading the city to withdraw from the partnership in August 1983 171 159 The state and city reached a compromise on the development team that October wherein the mart would be developed by Tishman Speyer operated by Trammell Crow and funded by Equitable Life Assurance 159 172 The Brandts leased all their movie theaters on 42nd Street including the Liberty to the Cine 42nd Street Corporation in 1986 173 The Liberty Theatre was still part of the mart project in 1987 174 175 Though the theater was tentatively slated to be used as a nonprofit performing arts theater 175 the city and state governments had not reached an agreement with private developers regarding the mart 174 The merchandise mart was ultimately never built the northern part of the site became 11 Times Square while the southern part became the New York Times Building 159 A committee of theatrical experts recommended in 1987 that the Victory and Liberty theaters be restored for nonprofit use they estimated that it would cost between 7 million and 7 8 million to renovate the Liberty 176 177 City and state officials announced plans for the Liberty Theatre along with five theaters on the north side of 42nd Street in September 1988 178 The UDC opened a request for proposals for the six theaters that October The Liberty and Victory were to be converted into performing arts venues for nonprofit organizations while the Selwyn Apollo Lyric and Times Square were to be converted to commercial use 179 By the end of the year the plans were threatened by a lack of money 180 In early 1989 several dozen nonprofit theater companies submitted plans to the UDC for the takeover of six theaters 181 182 Most of the bids were for the Liberty and Victory but the Selwyn Apollo Lyric and Times Square theaters received 13 bids between them 183 That year The Durst Organization acquired the leases to eight theaters in Times Square including the Victory It subsequently announced plans to renovate the eight theaters in February 1990 184 185 The New York state government acquired the theater sites that April via eminent domain 181 186 187 The city had planned to buy out the theaters leases 188 but withdrew after the 42nd Street Company indicated it would lease the theaters to another developer 189 Although Durst protested the move a New York Supreme Court judge ruled that the sites could be acquired by condemnation 190 New 42nd Street control Edit A nonprofit organization New 42nd Street was formed in September 1990 to restore six theaters including the Liberty and find uses for them 187 191 192 Government officials hoped that development of the theaters would finally allow the construction of the four towers around 42nd Street Broadway and Seventh Avenue 193 In 1992 New 42nd Street received 18 2 million for restoring the six theaters 194 as part of an agreement with Prudential and Park Tower 195 196 Meanwhile the Liberty continued to deteriorate leading theatrical critic Mel Gussow to write in 1990 that the orchestra level had been almost entirely reduced to rubble 9 197 The interior of the theater caught fire the same year and was nearly destroyed 197 The asbestos curtain was still intact but was extremely rundown as The New York Times observed The bottom part of the curtain trails on the stage and is damaged by trash and plywood stacked there 16 Even as the estimated renovation cost increased to 16 million 198 the Times still predicted in 1992 that the Liberty and Victory were most likely to be renovated 199 After Disney committed to restoring the New Amsterdam Theatre in 1994 most of the other theaters around 42nd Street were quickly leased 200 By 1995 real estate development firm Forest City Ratner was planning a 150 million entertainment and retail complex on the site of the Empire Harris and Liberty theaters 201 Madame Tussauds and AMC leased space in the complex that July 202 203 Madame Tussauds would occupy the eastern section of the site using the entrance of the former Harris Theatre while AMC would occupy the western section with the Empire s facade being relocated westward 204 Forest City Ratner leased the Liberty from New 42nd Street although the development company did not use the theater itself 205 Though the theater was not protected as a city landmark the city and state governments had required that significant portions of the facade be preserved 17 The Liberty was used for a staged reading of T S Eliot s poem The Waste Land a solo performance by Fiona Shaw in late 1996 206 207 The same year GameWorks negotiated with Forest City Ratner to open a virtual reality arcade in the theater 17 although the Liberty remained empty through the late 1990s 208 209 Forest City Ratner erected a Hilton hotel above the theater 210 The Liberty Theatre remained largely abandoned in the 2000s and its facade and auditorium were hidden behind Madame Tussauds entrance 198 211 The theater was briefly used for Deborah Warner s site specific art installation The Angel Project in 2003 at the time Warner called it the city s most hidden anchorite like beautiful walled upped building 211 The Liberty s facade was integrated into the Ripley s Odditorium museum in the mid 2000s while the auditorium was used by an adjacent Famous Dave s restaurant 212 The theater was renovated in 2011 213 The auditorium was converted to a rental event space 212 213 and the restaurant portion along 42nd Street became the Liberty Diner 214 Parts of the auditorium were still visible from the restaurant 215 During 2015 Cynthia von Buhler staged the immersive play Speakeasy Dollhouse Ziegfeld s Midnight Frolic whose storyline investigates the death of actress Olive Thomas at the theater 216 214 The Liberty Diner and the auditorium closed after the operators lost the lease in 2015 18 Brookfield Asset Management took over Forest City s properties at the end of 2018 217 Ripley s closed permanently in 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic and real estate agency Cushman and Wakefield was marketing the Liberty Theatre for lease 218 During late 2022 the Terror Haunted House operated within the space formerly used for Ripley s 219 Notable productions Edit1904 Little Johnny Jones 30 31 1905 The Taming of the Shrew 220 1905 The School for Scandal 221 1905 The Education of Mr Pipp 222 1906 The Clansman 33 223 1906 Lincoln 34 35 1906 Nurse Marjorie 224 1907 Salomy Jane 225 1907 Merely Mary Ann 226 1907 Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 38 1907 Polly of the Circus 43 42 1908 The Traveling Salesman 227 1910 The Arcadians 44 45 1911 The Fascinating Widow 49 1911 The Littlest Rebel 228 1912 Milestones 50 51 1913 Rob Roy 52 53 1913 Sweethearts 54 1914 General John Regan 229 1914 Sari 230 1914 Lady Windermere s Fan 231 1914 He Comes Up Smiling 232 1914 Pygmalion 233 1914 Twelfth Night 234 1914 The Silent Voice 235 1917 The Imaginary Invalid 236 1917 Hitchy Koo of 1917 69 70 1917 Going Up 74 72 1919 George White s Scandals 1919 75 1919 Hitchy Koo of 1919 76 77 1919 Caesar s Wife 237 1920 The Night Boat 79 78 1921 George White s Scandals 1921 80 81 1922 To the Ladies 83 84 1922 Little Nellie Kelly 85 86 1924 Lady Be Good 94 92 1925 The City Chap 238 1925 Tip Toes 97 95 1928 Blackbirds of 1928 100 101 1929 Subway Express 105 106 1930 Volpone 109 110 1930 Brown Buddies 112 111 1932 Cradle Snatchers 239 1933 Masks and Faces 121 122 See also EditList of Broadway theatersReferences EditNotes Edit Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 110 states that the theater had 1 200 seats The sites were 161 Northwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue now 3 Times Square Northeast corner of 42nd Street and Broadway now 4 Times Square Southwest corner of 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue now 5 Times Square South side of 42nd Street between Seventh Avenue and Broadway now 7 Times Square Times Square Tower Citations Edit a b c d 234 West 42 Street 10036 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on September 28 2022 Retrieved March 25 2021 a b c White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 296 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 Site Map PDF New 42nd Street Archived from the original PDF on July 7 2011 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b c d e f Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 110 Holusha John November 10 1999 Commercial Real Estate Cineplex Bringing Back The Movies to 42nd St The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 24 2022 Retrieved September 23 2022 New York City Proposed Times Square Hotel UDAG Environmental Impact Statement 1981 p 4 15 Archived from the original on October 25 2021 Retrieved September 25 2021 Legitimate New York s Playhouse List Nearing Half Century Mark Variety Vol 48 no 7 October 12 1917 p 14 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1505606157 a b c Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 675 a b Gussow Mel May 23 1990 Critic s Notebook Where Legends Were Born Ghosts of Glory Linger The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved January 17 2022 Henderson amp Greene 2008 pp 110 111 a b c Real Estate Notes The Real Estate Record Real estate record and builders guide Vol 73 no 1887 May 14 1904 p 1116 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved October 1 2022 via columbia edu Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 11 a b c d e f g h i j Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 111 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n New Liberty Theatre Another Playhouse to Open in Forty second st New York Tribune September 25 1904 p A10 ProQuest 571482776 a b Of Interest to the Building Trades The Real Estate Record Real estate record and builders guide Vol 74 no 1907 October 1 1904 p 677 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved October 1 2022 via columbia edu a b c d Gray Christopher July 11 1993 Streetscapes The Liberty Theater Unlikely 42d St Revival The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 18 2018 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b c d e Grimes William December 21 1996 Liberty Theater Facing Virtual Reality Future The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b c d e f Young Michelle May 29 2018 Remnants of the Lost Liberty Theater in Times Square Hidden in Plain Sight Untapped New York Archived from the original on August 24 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b c d e f g Liberty Theatre Ready Opens Soon Making Seven Playhouses in One Block The New York Times September 25 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b c The Broadway League October 10 1904 Liberty Theatre New York NY IBDB Archived from the original on March 26 2020 Retrieved September 30 2022 Liberty Theatre 1904 New York NY Playbill March 16 2016 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Bloom 2007 p 187 Swift Christopher 2018 The City Performs An Architectural History of NYC Theater New York City College of Technology City University of New York Archived from the original on March 25 2020 Retrieved March 25 2020 Theater District New York Preservation Archive Project Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved October 12 2021 Pearson Marjorie October 23 1979 New Amsterdam Theater PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission p 2 Archived PDF from the original on October 31 2021 Retrieved October 1 2022 Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 96 Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 96 a b c d e f g Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 112 Mrs Patrick Campbell in Sardou s Sorceress A Gorgeous Spectacle Drama of the Inquisition The New York Times October 11 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League November 7 1904 Little Johnny Jones Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on June 23 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Little Johnny Jones Broadway Liberty Theatre 1904 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Rejane in Amoureuse and Lolotte The Talented French Comedienne Lukewarmly Received The New York Times November 8 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Bloom 2007 p 145 a b The Broadway League January 8 1906 The Clansman Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 18 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Clansman Broadway Liberty Theatre 1906 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League March 26 1906 Lincoln Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on December 1 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Lincoln Broadway Liberty Theatre 1906 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Lincoln on the Stage Liberty Theatre Cast of Lincoln New York Tribune March 27 1906 p 7 ProQuest 571672210 Liberty Theatre New York Tribune May 15 1907 p 7 ProQuest 571859481 a b c d e f g h Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 117 a b The Broadway League July 8 1907 Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on January 26 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 Broadway Liberty Theatre 1907 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Follies Finally Attains Its Majority The History of the Ziegfeld Revue Now Turned Twenty one The New York Times September 18 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Rogers Brothers in Panama The New York Times August 20 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 114 a b Polly of Circus at the Liberty Mabel Taliaferro Warmly Greeted in New Play of Love and Spangles The New York Times December 24 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League December 23 1907 Polly of the Circus Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 9 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Polly of the Circus Broadway Liberty Theatre 1907 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League January 17 1910 The Arcadians Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on July 25 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Arcadians Broadway Liberty Theatre 1910 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Arcadians Charm at Liberty A Musical Comedy Masterpiece Beautifully Staged and Acted The New York Times January 18 1910 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Spring Maid Has Pretty Music New Operetta Pleases Audience at the Liberty Theatre The New York Times December 27 1910 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 116 The Broadway League December 26 1910 The Spring Maid Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on July 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Spring Maid Broadway Liberty Theatre 1910 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League September 11 1911 The Fascinating Widow Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 14 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Fascinating Widow Broadway Liberty Theatre 1911 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on April 16 2017 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League September 17 1912 Milestones Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on March 26 2020 Retrieved September 29 2022 Milestones Broadway Liberty Theatre 1912 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Milestones Play of Three Generations Both Charm and Poignant Pathos to Unusual Work by Arnold Bennett and Edward Knoblauch The New York Times September 18 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 17 2023 a b The Broadway League September 15 1913 Rob Roy Broadway Musical 1913 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on June 20 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Rob Roy Broadway Liberty Theatre 1913 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Rob Roy Revived De Koven Opera Enthusiastically Received Bessie Abott Excels The New York Times September 16 1913 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League September 8 1913 Sweethearts Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 23 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Sweethearts Broadway New Amsterdam Theatre 1913 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on May 28 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 K amp E Ally With Biograph The Billboard Vol 25 no 26 June 28 1913 p 17 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1031457281 Motion Pictures at a 2 Scale is Plan in New York Liberty Theater Leased With the Provision That Prices Are to Be Equal to Spoken Drama The Christian Science Monitor February 10 1915 p 4 ISSN 2573 3850 ProQuest 509338735 Life Savers Rescue 22 Off Fire Island Breeches Buoy Used in Gale for Crew of the Hougomont British Bark The New York Times February 7 1915 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Turnbull Hector March 4 1915 A Stirring Film Drama Shown the Birth of a Nation Presented at the Liberty Theatre Founded on Story of the Clansman Imposing Civil War Scenes Followed by Exciting Ku Klux Raids the Cast New York Tribune p 9 ProQuest 575381743 Campaign For 100 000 Society Women Have Raised 23 000 for Lenox Hill Settlement The New York Times March 4 1915 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 2 Per Seat Pictures No Longer Draw in New York The Billboard Vol 27 no 50 December 11 1915 pp 3 55 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1031492559 Some Pierrots Astray Old Town Hall Entertainment Blunders into the Liberty The New York Times January 4 1916 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 English Turns at the Liberty Blue Pierrots Proves to Be a Somewhat Stodgy Variety Performance New York Tribune January 4 1916 p 11 ProQuest 575546803 Sybil Presented With Three Stars Sanderson Brian Cawthorn Trio Entertains Agreeably at the Liberty The New York Times January 11 1916 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 The Broadway League January 10 1916 Sybil Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved September 30 2022 Sybil Broadway Liberty Theatre 1916 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 News of Plays and Player New Griffith Picture to Reopen the Liberty on August 22 New York Tribune August 3 1916 p 7 ProQuest 575626200 Jewish Peace in Sight Col Cutler Reports Progress in Bringing Organizations Together The New York Times August 3 1916 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Have a Heart is Bright and Tuneful None of the Old Musical Comedy Ruts in Henry W Savage s New Production The New York Times January 12 1917 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b c d e Bloom 2007 p 146 a b The Broadway League June 7 1917 Hitchy Koo 1917 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Hitchy Koo 1917 Broadway Sam H Harris Theatre 1917 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on March 13 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Hitchy koo Moved Now at the Liberty Which Displays Urban s Beautiful Decorations The New York Times August 28 1917 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Laurette Taylor and Eve s Wooing A New Type of Part and a New Type of Comedy at the Liberty Theatre The New York Times November 10 1917 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Going Up is Enjoyable New Musical Farce Is Full of Comedy and Tuneful Airs The New York Times December 26 1917 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Drama Going Up Teaches Art of Aviation in One Lesson at the Liberty New York Tribune December 26 1917 p 7 ProQuest 575790233 a b The Broadway League December 25 1917 Going Up Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved September 29 2022 Going Up Broadway Liberty Theatre 1917 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on February 18 2017 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League June 2 1919 George White s Scandals 1919 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 11 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 George White s Scandals 1919 Broadway Liberty Theatre 1919 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on December 18 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League October 6 1919 Hitchy Koo 1919 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on June 20 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Hitchy Koo 1919 Broadway Liberty Theatre 1919 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on July 11 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Hitchy koo 1919 is a Hit Raymond Hitchcock Appears in a Gorgeous Lively Hilarious Revue The New York Times October 7 1919 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Night Boat Arrives Breezy and Brisk Musical Comedy Made from a French Farce The New York Times February 3 1920 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 14 2018 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League February 2 1920 The Night Boat Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on January 18 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Night Boat Broadway Liberty Theatre 1920 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on August 29 2018 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b The Broadway League July 11 1921 George White s Scandals 1921 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 20 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 George White s Scandals 1921 Broadway Liberty Theatre 1921 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b White s Scandals a Fine Spectacle Effective Scenes and Broad Comedy in the New Revue at the Liberty The New York Times July 12 1921 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 The O brien Girl Wistful Cohan s Jass Dancing Hallmarks in His Last Production The New York Times October 4 1921 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League February 20 1922 To the Ladies Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 26 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 To the Ladies Broadway Liberty Theatre 1922 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on December 9 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Woollcott Alexander February 21 1922 The Play By the Authors of Dulcy The Friends of Comedy The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League November 13 1922 Little Nellie Kelly Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on January 22 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Little Nellie Kelly Broadway Liberty Theatre 1922 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Little Nellie Kelly Hums George M Cohan s New Musical Comedy Is of His Best Brand The New York Times November 14 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Syndicate buys Two Theaters In 42d Street Eltinge and Liberty Playhouses Assessed at 1 105 000 Sold by Goodridge Family to Operators New York Tribune November 21 1923 p 20 ProQuest 1237308941 The Bronx Market Investor Buys New Apartment on the Concourse The New York Times November 21 1923 p 33 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 103149218 Three New York City Houses Change Hands The Billboard Vol 35 no 49 December 8 1923 p 7 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1505527262 Cohan s New Show a Dancing Success The Rise of Rosie O Reilly at Liberty Theatre Is Brisk and Workmanlike The New York Times December 26 1923 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 The Broadway League December 25 1923 The Rise of Rosie O Reilly Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 7 2021 Retrieved September 30 2022 The Rise of Rosie O Reilly Broadway Liberty Theatre 1923 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Adele Astaire Fascinates In Tuneful Lady Be Good She Vividly Recalls Beatrice Lillie The New York Times December 2 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Henderson amp Greene 2008 pp 117 120 a b The Broadway League December 1 1924 Lady Be Good Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on February 21 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Lady Be Good Broadway Liberty Theatre 1924 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on July 17 2020 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Tip Toes With Gershwin Tunes Is Frisky Show Florida Is Again Called on tc Supply the Setting for Liberty Production The New York Herald New York Tribune December 29 1925 p 13 ProQuest 1112885502 a b c d Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 120 a b The Broadway League December 28 1925 Tip Toes Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on May 11 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Tip Toes Broadway Liberty Theatre 1925 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on May 10 2016 Retrieved September 29 2022 Liberty Theater N Y To Be Made Like New The Billboard Vol 38 no 17 April 24 1926 p 9 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1031801040 Liberty Theater to Reopen New York Herald Tribune September 23 1926 p 16 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1112978352 a b The Broadway League May 9 1928 Blackbirds of 1928 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Blackbirds of 1928 Broadway Liberty Theatre 1928 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on September 26 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Blackbirds Run to End Negro Revue to Quit Saturday After Engagement of More Than Year The New York Times June 10 1929 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 28 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b c d e f g h i Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 121 Mr Moneypenny an Allegorical Play Pollock s Piece Assembled So Shrewdly as to Delight Audience The New York Times October 17 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League October 17 1928 Mr Moneypenny Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved September 30 2022 Mr Moneypenny Broadway Liberty Theatre 1928 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League September 24 1929 Subway Express Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 26 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Subway Express Broadway Liberty Theatre 1929 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on November 20 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Atkinson J Brooks September 25 1929 The Play Perils of the Subway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Bloom 2007 p 189 Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 71 a b The Broadway League March 10 1930 Volpone Broadway Play 1930 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on January 7 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Volpone Broadway Liberty Theatre 1930 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Volpone is Revived Theatre Guild s Version of Ben Jonson s Farce Still Entertaining The New York Times March 11 1930 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 17 2018 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Atkinson J Brooks October 8 1930 The Play Musical Comedy in Sepia The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b The Broadway League October 7 1930 Brown Buddies Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Brown Buddies Broadway Liberty Theatre 1930 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on November 20 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 A L Erlanger Dies After Long Illness Largest Individual Owner of Playhouses and Former Czar of Stage Succumbs at 69 The New York Times March 8 1930 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 8 2022 Retrieved January 8 2022 Legitimate Liberty Theater Suit Scheduled The Billboard Vol 49 no 18 May 1 1937 p 22 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1032116008 300 000 Rent for Village Space New York Herald Tribune February 17 1932 p 34 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1114492247 Residence Deals Feature Trading The New York Times February 17 1932 p 43 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 99738171 Atkinson J Brooks April 5 1932 Over the Coffee Cups With George Bernard Shaw in a Play Entitled Too True to Be Good The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 19 2014 Retrieved September 30 2022 Another B way Legit Theatre For Pictures The Hollywood Reporter Vol 8 no 29 February 18 1932 p 3 ProQuest 2297377345 Allen Kelcey July 1 1932 Amusements Vaudeville Taking On Enthusiasm Of 1900 Women s Wear Daily Vol 45 no 1 p 13 ProQuest 1677052734 Legitimate Equity Types Folies Vaude The Billboard Vol 44 no 32 August 6 1932 p 15 ISSN 2638 3853 ProQuest 1032003710 a b The Broadway League March 18 1933 Masks and Faces Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 24 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Masks and Faces Broadway Liberty Theatre 1933 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on July 26 2017 Retrieved September 29 2022 a b Masks and Faces Lasts 1 Night The New York Times March 22 1933 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Reilly James F January 3 1951 Legitimate the Disappearing Theatre Variety Vol 181 no 4 pp 266 268 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1505767801 Pihodna Joe January 21 1951 30 Theaters a Far Cry From Abundant Old Days But They re Enough to Fill Our Needs People Claim Despite TV s Inroads New York Herald Tribune p D3 ProQuest 1291337111 Latest Recorded Leases The New York Times February 8 1938 p 37 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 102649001 Test Suit to Halt Extended First Runs Planned by ITOA Exhibs See Pact Adjustment Needed The Hollywood Reporter Vol 48 no 9 October 14 1938 p 14 ProQuest 2297355113 Brandt Acquires 2 More Theatres Adds the Liberty and Eltinge on West 42d St Through Holding Co Purchase The New York Times December 22 1944 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 9 2022 Retrieved September 25 2022 a b c Pictures Even 42d St With Its Unique Films Faces Shortages Variety Vol 165 no 12 February 26 1947 p 27 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1285899443 a b Brandt Acquires 2 More Theatres Adds the Liberty and Eltinge on West 42d St Through Holding Co Purchase The New York Times December 22 1944 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 9 2022 Retrieved April 9 2022 Extends Holdings in Times Sq Area Theatre Group Now Controls Half of Frontage in 42d and 43d Street Blocks The New York Times April 9 1944 p RE1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 106913088 State Liquor Authority Rents Broadway Offices New York Herald Tribune March 20 1944 p 21A ProQuest 1283104921 Cooper Lee E June 9 1946 Brandt Assembles Big Theatre Plot in Times Sq Area Five Buildings May Give Way to a Tall New Structure Under Pending Deals The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 9 2022 Retrieved April 9 2022 Zolotow Sam April 3 1953 Movie Man Scoffs at Playhouse Jam Brandt Invites Bookings at 42d St Theatres at Guarantee The Bat Fluttering The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 9 2022 42d St Grinds 5 mil Gross Variety Vol 205 no 9 January 30 1957 pp 3 20 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1014785728 a b Levine Brandt Partners In the 42nd Street Co Boxoffice Vol 101 no 22 September 11 1972 p E1 ProQuest 1476041465 a b Levine amp Brandt Top 42nd St Co The Independent Film Journal Vol 70 no 7 September 4 1972 p 21 ProQuest 1014665133 Reed Henry Hope Jr October 28 1962 Beneath the Squalor Yesterday s Glamor the Names of the Astaires of Barrymore and Belasco Lawrence and Lillie Cling to the Cheap Movie Houses of 42nd Street New York Herald Tribune p SM2 ProQuest 1325840251 a b Albarino Richard July 18 1973 Main Drag Of U S A 42d Street 5 000 000 Cheapie Tickets Yearly Variety Vol 271 no 10 pp 1 111 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 963281987 Horsley Carter B June 19 1977 A Critical Time For the Old Theaters Along 42d Street The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 8 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 McDonough Jimmy December 11 1985 New York Entertainment 42d St Grindhouses Alternative Outlet For Dusty Subruns Facing Extinction Variety Vol 321 no 7 pp 94 116 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1438444052 Morehouse Ward III November 9 1977 A Little White Way for tawdry 42nd St The Christian Science Monitor p 1 ISSN 2573 3850 ProQuest 511943242 Williams Lena November 7 1977 Can Photos Return Gloss to Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 15 2021 42d St Show on Theaters is a Tragedy New York Daily News October 19 1977 p 336 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 15 2021 via newspapers com Changing cityscape 170M smile planned for face of W 42d St New York Daily News November 19 1978 p 423 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 15 2021 via newspapers com City Considers Park Plan For Times Square Newsday August 25 1978 p 14 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 15 2021 via newspapers com a b Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 679 Architecture View Redeveloping New York The New York Times December 23 1979 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 17 2022 Retrieved January 17 2022 a b Prial Frank J April 18 1982 Can 42nd Street Regain Its Showbiz Glamour The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved September 27 2022 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 681 Goodwin Michael June 8 1980 Roadblocks For a New Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 19 2022 Retrieved January 17 2022 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 691 Dunlap David W October 20 1982 Landmark Status Sought for Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 Shepard Joan August 28 1985 Is the final curtain near New York Daily News pp 462 464 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on September 21 2021 Retrieved September 16 2021 via newspapers com Dunlap David W November 22 1987 The Region The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Rajamani Maya February 23 2016 7 Theaters Among Midtown and Hell s Kitchen Sites Up for Landmarking DNAinfo New York Archived from the original on November 28 2020 Retrieved September 30 2021 Bindelglass Evan November 9 2015 42nd Street Theaters Osborne Interior More Round Out First Manhattan Landmarks Backlog Hearing New York YIMBY Archived from the original on September 30 2021 Retrieved September 30 2021 7 Theaters on 42nd Street Fail to Make Cut for Landmark Consideration DNAinfo New York February 23 2016 Archived from the original on November 29 2020 Retrieved September 30 2021 Prial Frank J April 6 1982 City Names Main Builders in Times Sq Redevelopment The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2021 Retrieved January 17 2022 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 683 Stephens Suzanne March 2000 Four Times Square PDF Architectural Record Vol 188 p 92 Archived PDF from the original on September 29 2021 Retrieved October 1 2021 a b Dunlap David W August 3 1992 Long Delay Likely in Rebuilding Plan for Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 17 2021 Retrieved September 17 2021 Wellisz Christopher August 30 1981 Reality News The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 Hummler Richard April 7 1982 Legitimate Name Nederlander To Convert New Amsterdam Harris 42d St Brandt Firm Is Still Negotiating Variety Vol 306 no 10 pp 85 90 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1438352463 Prial Frank J June 13 1982 Five Theaters Added to 42d St Revival Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 Lueck Thomas J February 14 1988 The Region Redevelopment Times Square Plan Takes A Shaky Step Forward The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 17 2021 Retrieved September 17 2021 Deadline Extended On N Y Mart Plans Women s Wear Daily Vol 142 no 24 August 4 1981 p 2 ProQuest 1445519202 a b Prial Frank J April 6 1982 City Names Main Builders in Times Sq Redevelopment The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2021 Retrieved October 1 2021 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 682 Prial Frank J April 7 1982 Redevelopment in Times Sq Unlikely Till 84 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved September 27 2022 Goodman George W November 4 1982 Mart Developers in Times Sq Plan Dropped by City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2021 Retrieved October 1 2021 Gottlieb Martin August 11 1983 Koch Abolishes Times Sq Pact With the State The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2021 Retrieved October 1 2021 Barbanel Josh October 20 1983 Agreement Reached by Cuomo and Koch on Times Sq Mart The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 1 2021 Retrieved October 1 2021 Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 205 a b Lueck Thomas J September 17 1987 Nonprofit Status Urged For Times Sq Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 1 2017 Retrieved September 27 2022 a b DuVal Herb August 14 1987 W 42nd Street Projects Beginning To Take Shape Back Stage Vol 28 no 33 pp 1A 4A 10A 16A ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 962838257 Graves Michael October 3 1987 Times Square Nonprofit Theatres Plan Announced Back Stage Vol 28 no 40 pp 1A 3A 4A ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 962844091 Lueck Thomas J September 17 1987 Nonprofit Status Urged For Times Sq Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 1 2017 Retrieved September 30 2022 Lueck Thomas J September 18 1988 Six Times Square Theaters to Go Populist The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 25 2015 Retrieved January 17 2022 Legitimate Bids Sought For 42d St Theaters 2 For Nonprofits 4 Commercial Variety Vol 333 no 1 October 26 1988 p 61 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1438511816 Goldberger Paul November 14 1988 Lack of Money Threatens a Plan To Restore Six Times Sq Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 a b Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 693 Wolff Craig April 14 1989 On 42d Street a Tour Back to the Future The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 20 2017 Retrieved January 17 2022 Legit Nonprofit groups bid for 42d St but Broadwayites take a pass Variety Vol 335 no 5 May 17 1989 p 73 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1438518205 O Haire Patricia February 2 1990 The Great White Way Makes a Comeback New York Daily News p 42 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on January 19 2022 Retrieved January 17 2022 via newspapers com Walsh Thomas February 9 1990 New Plans For 42nd St Theatres Arrive amp So Does A New Battle Back Stage Vol 31 no 6 pp 1A 6A ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 962907555 Levine Richard April 19 1990 State Acquires Most of Times Square Project Site The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 25 2015 Retrieved January 17 2022 a b Cohn Lawrence September 24 1990 Legit Gotham takes back West 42nd Street Variety Vol 340 no 11 p 92 ISSN 0042 2738 ProQuest 1286158079 Marinaccio Paul Berkowitz Harry March 6 1989 City Buying Out 42nd St 2M would buy theater leases in crime ridden area Newsday p 2 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 via newspapers com Fisher Patricia Marinaccio Paul April 14 1989 City Gives Up on Buying Theater Leases Newsday pp 69 71 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 via newspapers com Walsh Thomas April 27 1990 42nd St Project Earns OK For Condemnation And Restoration Of Area s Historic Theatres Back Stage Vol 31 no 17 pp 1A 33A 37A ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 1286158079 Sack Kevin September 19 1990 Leaders Chosen for 42d St Theaters Renewal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 693 694 42nd Street No beat of dancing feet yet PDF Architectural Record Vol 177 June 1989 p 85 Archived PDF from the original on September 3 2021 Retrieved January 19 2022 Collins Glenn August 4 1992 Six Theaters to Benefit From Revised Times Square Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved April 10 2022 Walsh Thomas May 20 1994 It s a New Victory As 42nd St Finally Breaks Its Ground Back Stage Vol 35 no 20 pp 1 39 ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 962860132 Grimes William September 28 1994 MTV To Make 42d Street Rock The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved September 19 2022 a b Henderson amp Greene 2008 pp 121 122 a b Henderson amp Greene 2008 p 122 Collins Glenn August 4 1992 Six Theaters to Benefit From Revised Times Square Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Lueck Thomas J November 15 1995 Returning From Decline 42d Street Is Now a Magnet for Merchants The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved January 17 2022 Pulley Brett July 13 1995 Tussaud s and a Movie Chain Are Negotiating on 42d St Site The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved September 27 2022 Lowry Tom July 21 1995 Entertaining plans for Times Square New York Daily News p 775 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on September 28 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 via newspapers com Pulley Brett July 16 1995 Tussaud s and Movie Chain Join Disney in 42d Street Project The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved September 27 2022 Holusha John February 28 1998 The Theater s on a Roll Gliding Down 42d Street Fast Moving Times Square Revitalization Leaves No Stone or Building Unturned The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2016 Retrieved September 23 2022 Pogrebin Robin December 11 2000 From Naughty and Bawdy to Stars Reborn Once Seedy Theaters Now Restored Lead the Development of 42nd Street The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 7 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Brantley Ben November 18 1996 Memory and Desire Hearing Eliot s Passion The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 30 2022 Lyons Donald November 21 1996 Leisure amp Arts Wondrous One Woman Shows Coward at His Best Theater Wall Street Journal p A20 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 1441184303 Bagli Charles V February 8 1999 As Rents Soar Boom Is Slowed in Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved April 12 2022 Armbrust Roger December 3 1998 120m Times Square hotel funded Back Stage Vol 39 no 48 p 6 ISSN 0005 3635 ProQuest 221117506 Holusha John March 14 1999 A First Floor 200 Feet Above the Ground The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 12 2017 Retrieved September 24 2022 a b Gussow Mel July 3 2003 Theater That Uses The City As a Stage The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 7 2021 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Culwell Block Logan July 6 2019 9 Former Broadway Theatres Still Visible Today Playbill Archived from the original on March 21 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Hughes C J April 24 2013 New Hosts Fill Companies Need for Meeting Space The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived 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Archived from the original on October 23 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Ingenthron Blair September 30 2022 Immersive Haunted House Experience TERROR Comes to Times Square This Fall BroadwayWorld com Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 The Broadway League February 6 1905 The Taming of the Shrew Broadway Play 1905 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on January 15 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Taming of the Shrew Broadway Liberty Theatre 1905 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on February 9 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League February 13 1905 The School for Scandal Broadway Play 1905 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on June 13 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The School for Scandal Broadway Liberty Theatre 1905 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on February 9 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League February 20 1905 The Education of Mr Pipp Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on March 14 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Education of Mr Pipp Broadway Liberty Theatre 1905 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 A White and Black Play Liberty Theatre New York Tribune January 9 1906 p 7 ProQuest 571765133 The Broadway League October 3 1906 Nurse Marjorie Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on July 30 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Nurse Marjorie Broadway Liberty Theatre 1906 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League January 19 1907 Salomy Jane Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on June 13 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Salomy Jane Broadway Liberty Theatre 1907 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League February 27 1907 Merely Mary Ann Broadway Play 1907 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Merely Mary Ann Broadway Liberty Theatre 1907 Playbill December 14 2015 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League August 10 1908 The Traveling Salesman Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Traveling Salesman Broadway Liberty Theatre 1908 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League November 14 1911 The Littlest Rebel Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on December 5 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Littlest Rebel Broadway Liberty Theatre 1911 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League November 10 1913 General John Regan Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 27 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 General John Regan Broadway Hudson Theatre 1913 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on January 16 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League January 13 1914 Sari Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on June 19 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Sari Broadway New Amsterdam Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League March 30 1914 Lady Windermere s Fan Broadway Play 1914 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on July 8 2019 Retrieved September 29 2022 Lady Windermere s Fan Broadway Hudson Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on January 24 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League September 16 1914 He Comes Up Smiling Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on July 18 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 He Comes Up Smiling Broadway Liberty Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League October 12 1914 Pygmalion Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Pygmalion Broadway International Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League November 23 1914 Twelfth Night Broadway Play 1914 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on December 7 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Twelfth Night Broadway Liberty Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League December 29 1914 The Silent Voice Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Silent Voice Broadway Liberty Theatre 1914 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on December 7 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League March 19 1917 The Imaginary Invalid Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on June 17 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Imaginary Invalid Broadway Liberty Theatre 1917 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League November 24 1919 Caesar s Wife Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on February 21 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 Caesar s Wife Broadway Liberty Theatre 1919 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on September 24 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League October 26 1925 The City Chap Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on July 2 2020 Retrieved September 29 2022 The City Chap Broadway Liberty Theatre 1925 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on January 18 2022 Retrieved September 29 2022 The Broadway League November 16 1932 Cradle Snatchers Broadway Play 1932 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on December 11 2021 Retrieved September 29 2022 Cradle Snatchers Broadway Liberty Theatre 1932 Playbill December 14 2015 Archived from the original on January 31 2020 Retrieved September 29 2022 Sources Edit Bloom Ken 2007 The Routledge Guide to Broadway 1st ed Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 97380 9 Lyceum Theater Interior PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission December 8 1987 Henderson Mary C Greene Alexis 2008 The story of 42nd Street the theaters shows characters and scandals of the world s most notorious street New York Back Stage Books ISBN 978 0 8230 3072 9 OCLC 190860159 Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty Theatre New York City Liberty Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liberty Theatre amp oldid 1141049346, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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