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Lana Turner

March 10, 2023

This article is about the actress. For the fashion stylist and collector, see Lana Turner (stylist).

Lana Turner (/ˈlɑːnə/ LAH-nə;[a] born Julia Jean Turner; February 8, 1921 – June 29, 1995) was an American actress. Over the course of her nearly 50-year career, she achieved fame as both a pin-up model and a film actress, as well as for her highly publicized personal life. In the mid-1940s, she was one of the highest-paid actresses in the United States, and one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's (MGM) biggest stars, with her films earning more than $50 million for the studio during her 18-year contract with them. Turner is frequently cited as a popular culture icon of Hollywood glamour and a screen legend of classical Hollywood cinema.[4]

Lana Turner
A publicity still of Turner from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1940s
Born
Julia Jean Turner

(1921-02-08)February 8, 1921
Wallace, Idaho, U.S.
DiedJune 29, 1995(1995-06-29) (aged 74)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
OccupationActress
Years active1937–1985
Spouses
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    (m. 1940; div. 1940)​
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    (m. 1942; ann. 1943)​
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    (m. 1943; div. 1944)​
  • Bob Topping
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    (m. 1948; div. 1952)​
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    (m. 1953; div. 1957)​
  • Fred May
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    (m. 1960; div. 1962)​
  • Robert Eaton
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    (m. 1965; div. 1969)​
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    (m. 1969; div. 1972)​
ChildrenCheryl Crane
AwardsFull list
Signature

Born to working-class parents in northern Idaho, Turner spent her childhood there before her family relocated to San Francisco. In 1936, when Turner was 15, she was discovered while purchasing a soda at the Top Hat Malt Shop in Hollywood. At 16, she was signed to a personal contract by Warner Bros. director Mervyn LeRoy, who took her with him when he transferred to MGM in 1938. She soon attracted attention by playing the role of a murder victim in her film debut, LeRoy's They Won't Forget (1937), and she later moved into supporting roles, often appearing as an ingénue.

During the early 1940s, Turner established herself as a leading lady and one of MGM's top stars, appearing in such films as the film noir Johnny Eager (1941); the musical Ziegfeld Girl (1941); the horror film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941); and the romantic war drama Somewhere I'll Find You (1942), one of several films in which she starred opposite Clark Gable. Turner's reputation as a glamorous femme fatale was enhanced by her critically acclaimed performance in the noir The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), a role which established her as a serious dramatic actress. Her popularity continued through the 1950s in dramas such as The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) and Peyton Place (1957), the latter for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.

Intense media scrutiny surrounded the actress in 1958 when her teenage daughter Cheryl Crane stabbed Turner's lover Johnny Stompanato to death in their home during a domestic struggle. Her next film, Imitation of Life (1959), proved to be one of the greatest commercial successes of her career, and her starring role in Madame X (1966) earned her a David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actress. Turner spent most of the 1970s in semi-retirement, making her final film appearance in 1980. In 1982, she accepted a much-publicized and lucrative recurring guest role in the television series Falcon Crest, which afforded the series notably high ratings. In 1992, Turner was diagnosed with throat cancer and died of the disease three years later at age 74.

Life and career

1921–1936: Early life and education

 
Turner at age five in Wallace, Idaho[5]

Lana Turner was born Julia Jean Turner[6][7][b] on February 8, 1921,[c] at Providence Hospital[13] in Wallace, Idaho, a small mining community in the Idaho Panhandle region.[14][15] She was the only child of John Virgil Turner, a miner from Montgomery, Alabama, of Dutch descent, and Mildred Frances Cowan from Lamar, Arkansas, who had English, Scottish and Irish ancestry. Mildred was four days shy of her 17th birthday when she gave birth to her only child.[16] Lana's parents had first met while 14-year-old Mildred, the daughter of a mine inspector, was visiting Picher, Oklahoma, with her father, who was inspecting local mines there.[8] John was 24 years old at the time, and Mildred's father objected to the courtship. Shortly after, the two eloped and moved west, settling in Idaho.[17]

The family lived in Burke, Idaho at the time of Turner's birth,[18] and relocated to nearby Wallace in 1925,[d] where her father opened a dry cleaning service and worked in the local silver mines.[20] As a child, Turner was known to family and friends as Judy.[21] She expressed interest in performance at a young age, performing short dance routines at her father's Elks chapter in Wallace.[22] At age three, she performed an impromptu dance routine at a charity fashion show in which her mother was modeling.[22]

The Turner family struggled financially, and relocated to San Francisco when she was six years old, after which her parents separated.[23] On December 14, 1930,[24] her father won some money at a traveling craps game, stuffed his winnings in his left sock, and headed for home. He was later found bludgeoned to death on the corner of Minnesota and Mariposa Streets, on the edge of San Francisco's Potrero Hill and the Dogpatch District, with his left shoe and sock missing.[21][25] His robbery and homicide were never solved,[21] and his death had a profound effect on Turner.[26] "I know that my father's sweetness and gaiety, his warmth and his tragedy, have never been far from me," she later said. "That, and a sense of loss and of growing up too fast."[27]

Turner sometimes lived with family friends or acquaintances so that her impoverished mother could save money.[28] They also frequently moved, for a time living in Sacramento and throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.[29] Following her father's death, Turner lived for a period in Modesto with a family who physically abused her and "treated her like a servant".[27] Her mother worked 80 hours per week as a beautician to support herself and her daughter,[30][31] and Turner recalled sometimes "living on crackers and milk for half a week".[29]

While baptized a Protestant at birth,[32] Turner attended Mass with the Hislops, a Catholic family with whom her mother had temporarily boarded her in Stockton, California.[9] She became "thrilled" by the ritual practices of the church,[9] and when she was seven, her mother allowed her to formally convert to Roman Catholicism.[9][33] Turner subsequently attended the Convent of the Immaculate Conception[10] in San Francisco, hoping to become a nun.[22] In the mid-1930s, Turner's mother developed respiratory problems and was advised by her doctor to move to a drier climate, upon which the two moved to Los Angeles in 1936.[22][25]

1937–1939: Discovery and early films

Her hair was dark, messy, uncombed. Her hands were trembling so she could barely read the script. But she had that sexy clean quality I wanted. There was something smoldering underneath that innocent face.

– Mervyn LeRoy on Turner during her first audition, December 1936[34]

Turner's discovery is considered a show-business legend and part of Hollywood mythology among film and popular cultural historians.[35][36][e] One version of the story erroneously has her discovery occurring at Schwab's Pharmacy,[39] which Turner claimed was the result of a reporting error that began circulating in articles published by columnist Sidney Skolsky.[38]

By Turner's own account, she was a junior at Hollywood High School when she skipped a typing class and bought a Coca-Cola at the Top Hat Malt Shop[34][40] located on the southeast corner of Sunset Boulevard and McCadden Place.[41] While in the shop, she was spotted by William R. Wilkerson, publisher of The Hollywood Reporter.[35] Wilkerson was attracted by her beauty and physique, and asked her if she was interested in appearing in films, to which she responded: "I'll have to ask my mother first."[38] With her mother's permission, Turner was referred by Wilkerson to the actor/comedian/talent agent Zeppo Marx.[42]

In December 1936, Marx introduced Turner to film director Mervyn LeRoy, who signed her to a $50 weekly contract with Warner Bros. on February 22, 1937 ($942 in 2021 dollars [43]).[34] She soon became a protégée of LeRoy, who suggested that she take the stage name Lana Turner, a name she would come to legally adopt several years later.[44]

 
Edward Norris and Turner in They Won't Forget (1937), her feature film debut

Turner made her feature film debut in LeRoy's They Won't Forget (1937),[45] a crime drama in which she played a teenage murder victim. Though Turner only appeared on screen for a few minutes,[46] Wilkerson wrote in The Hollywood Reporter that her performance was "worthy of more than a passing note".[47] The film earned her the nickname of the "Sweater Girl" for her form-fitting attire, which accentuated her bust.[42][48] Turner always detested the nickname,[49] and upon seeing a sneak preview of the film, she recalled being profoundly embarrassed and "squirming lower and lower" into her seat.[33] She stated that she had "never seen myself walking before… [It was] the first time [I was] conscious of my body."[33] Several years after the film's release, Modern Screen journalist Nancy Squire wrote that Turner "made a sweater look like something Cleopatra was saving for the next visiting Caesar".[7] Shortly after completing They Won't Forget, she made an appearance in James Whale's historical comedy The Great Garrick (1937), a biographical film about British actor David Garrick, in which she had a small role portraying an actress posing as a chambermaid.[50][51]

In late 1937, LeRoy was hired as an executive at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and asked Jack L. Warner to allow Turner to relocate with him to MGM.[52] Warner obliged, as he believed Turner would not "amount to anything".[53] Turner left Warner Bros. and signed a contract with MGM for $100 a week ($1,885 in 2021 dollars [43]).[54] The same year, she was loaned to United Artists for a minor role as a maid in The Adventures of Marco Polo.[47] Her first starring role for MGM was scheduled to be an adaptation of The Sea-Wolf, co-starring Clark Gable, but the project was eventually shelved.[55] Instead, she was assigned opposite teen idol Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland in the Andy Hardy film Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938).[56] During the shoot, Turner completed her studies with an educational social worker, allowing her to graduate high school that year.[57] The film was a box-office success,[58] and her appearance in it as a flirtatious high school student convinced studio head Louis B. Mayer that Turner could be the next Jean Harlow, a sex symbol who had died six months before Turner's arrival at MGM.[59]

 
Turner with Lew Ayres in These Glamour Girls (1939)

Mayer helped further Turner's career by giving her roles in several youth-oriented films in the late 1930s, such as the comedy Rich Man, Poor Girl (1938) in which she played the sister of a poor woman romanced by a wealthy man, and Dramatic School (1938), in which she portrayed Mado, a troubled drama student.[60] In the former, she was billed as the "Kissing Bug from the Andy Hardy film".[60] Upon completing Dramatic School, Turner screen-tested for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939).[60] She was then cast in a supporting part as a "sympathetic bad girl" in Calling Dr. Kildare (1939), MGM's second entry in the Dr. Kildare series.[60] This was followed by These Glamour Girls (1939), a comedy in which she portrayed a taxi dancer invited to attend a dance with a male coed at his elite college.[61] Turner's onscreen sex appeal in the film was reflected by a review in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in which she was characterized as "the answer to 'oomph'".[62] In her next film, Dancing Co-Ed (1939), Turner was given first billing portraying Patty Marlow, a professional dancer who enters a college as part of a rigged national talent contest.[63] The film was a commercial success, and led to Turner appearing on the cover of Look magazine.[64]

In February 1940, Turner garnered significant publicity when she eloped to Las Vegas with 28-year-old bandleader Artie Shaw, her co-star in Dancing Co-Ed.[65][66] Though they had only briefly known each other, Turner recalled being "stirred by his eloquence", and after their first date the two spontaneously decided to get married.[67] Their marriage only lasted four months, but was highly publicized, and led MGM executives to grow concerned over Turner's "impulsive behavior".[68] In the spring of 1940, after the two had divorced, Turner discovered she was pregnant and had an abortion.[69] In contemporaneous press, it was noted she had been hospitalized for "exhaustion".[69] She would later recall that Shaw treated her "like an untutored blonde savage, and took no pains to conceal his opinion".[64] In the midst of her marriage to Shaw, she starred in We Who Are Young, a drama in which she played a woman who marries her coworker against their employer's policy.[70]

1940–1945: War years and film stardom

 
Judy Garland, Turner, and James Stewart on the set of Ziegfeld Girl (1941), which precipitated her rise at MGM

In 1940, Turner appeared in her first musical film, Two Girls on Broadway, in which she received top billing over established co-stars Joan Blondell and George Murphy.[64] A remake of The Broadway Melody, the film was marketed as featuring Turner's "hottest, most daring role".[64] The following year, she had a lead role in her second musical, Ziegfeld Girl, opposite James Stewart, Judy Garland and Hedy Lamarr.[71] In the film, she portrayed Sheila Regan, an alcoholic aspiring actress based on Lillian Lorraine.[72][73] Ziegfeld Girl marked a personal and professional shift for Turner; she claimed it as the first role that got her "interested in acting",[74] and the studio, impressed by her performance, marketed the film as featuring her in "the best role of the biggest picture to be released by the industry's biggest company".[75] The film's high box-office returns elevated Turner's profitability, and MGM gave her a weekly salary raise to $1,500 as well as a personal makeup artist and trailer ($29,013 in 2021 dollars [43]).[76] After completing the film, Turner and co-star Garland remained lifelong friends, and lived in houses next to one another in the 1950s.[77]

Following the success of Ziegfeld Girl, Turner took a supporting role as an ingénue in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), a Freudian-influenced horror film, opposite Spencer Tracy and Ingrid Bergman.[78] MGM had initially cast Turner in the lead, but Tracy specifically requested Bergman for the part.[79] The studio recast Turner in the smaller role, though she was still given top billing.[79] While the film was financially successful,[80] Time magazine panned it, calling it "a pretentious resurrection of Robert Louis Stevenson's ghoulish classic ... As for Lana Turner, fully clad for a change, and the rest of the cast ... they are as wooden as their roles."[81]

Turner was then cast in the Western Honky Tonk (1941), the first of four films in which she would star opposite Clark Gable.[82] The Turner-Gable films' successes were often heightened by gossip-column rumors about a relationship between the two.[83] In January 1942, she began shooting her second picture with Gable, titled Somewhere I'll Find You;[84] however, the production was halted for several weeks after the death of Gable's wife, Carole Lombard, in a plane crash.[85] Meanwhile, the press continued to fuel rumors that Turner and Gable were romantic offscreen, which Turner vehemently denied.[86] "I adored Mr. Gable, but we were [just] friends," she later recalled. "When six o'clock came, he went his way and I went mine."[33]

Her next project was Johnny Eager (1941), a violent mobster film in which she portrayed a socialite.[87][88] James Agee of Time magazine was critical of co-star Robert Taylor's performance and noted: "Turner is similarly handicapped: Metro has swathed her best assets in a toga, swears that she shall become an actress, or else. Under these adverse circumstances, stars Taylor and Turner are working under wraps."[89]

 
Turner in 1943

At the advent of US involvement in World War II, Turner's increasing prominence in Hollywood led to her becoming a popular pin-up girl,[90] and her image appeared painted on the noses of U.S. fighter planes, bearing the nickname "Tempest Turner".[91] In June 1942, she embarked on a 10-week war-bond tour throughout the western United States with Gable.[92] During the tour, she began promising kisses to the highest war bond buyers; while selling bonds at the Pioneer Courthouse in Portland, Oregon, she sold a $5,000 bond to a man for two kisses,[93] and another to an elderly man for $50,000.[92]

Arriving to sell bonds in her hometown of Wallace, Idaho, she was greeted with a banner that read "Welcome home, Lana", followed by a large celebration during which the mayor declared a holiday in her honor.[94] Upon completing the tour, Turner had sold $5.25 million in war bonds.[92]

Throughout the war, Turner continued to make regular appearances at U.S. troop events and area bases, though she confided to friends that she found visiting the hospital wards of injured soldiers emotionally difficult.[95]

During World War II the Royal Canadian Air Force 427 Lion Squadron had been "adopted" by MGM. Many of the aircraft had dedications or nose art honoring MGM's Stars. A Handley-Page Halifax bomber "London's Revenge" DK186 ZL L carried the name of Lana Turner into battle over Germany.[96]

In July 1942,[97] Turner met her second husband, actor-turned-restaurateur Joseph Stephen "Steve" Crane, at a dinner party in Los Angeles.[98] The two eloped to Las Vegas a week after they began dating.[99][100] Their marriage was annulled by Turner four months later upon discovering that Crane's previous divorce had not yet been finalized.[100] After discovering she was pregnant in November 1942, Turner remarried Crane in Tijuana in March 1943.[97] During her early pregnancy, she filmed the comedy Marriage Is a Private Affair, in which she starred as a carefree woman struggling to balance her new life as a mother.[101] Though she wanted multiple children, Turner had Rh-negative blood, which caused fetal anemia and made it difficult to carry a child to term.[102][103] Turner was urged by doctors to undergo a therapeutic abortion to avoid potentially life-threatening complications, but she managed to carry the child to term.[104] She gave birth to a daughter, Cheryl, on July 25, 1943.[101] Turner's blood condition resulted in Cheryl being born with near-fatal erythroblastosis fetalis.[105][106]

 
Turner performing on Suspense radio show, 1945

Meanwhile, publicity over Turner's remarriage to Crane led MGM to play up her image as a sex symbol in Slightly Dangerous (1943), with Robert Young, Walter Brennan and Dame May Whitty, in which she portrayed a woman who moves to New York City and poses as the long-lost daughter of a millionaire.[107] Released in the midst of Turner's pregnancy, the film was financially successful[108] but received mixed reviews, with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing: "No less than four Metro writers must have racked their brains for all of five minutes to think up the rags-to-riches fable ... Indeed, there is cause for suspicion that they didn't even bother to think."[109] Critic Anita Loos praised Turner's performance in the film, writing: "Lana Turner typifies modern allure. She is the vamp of today as Theda Bara was of yesterday. However, she doesn't look like a vamp. She is far more deadly because she lets her audience relax."[110]

In August 1944, Turner divorced Crane, citing his gambling and unemployment as primary reasons.[111] A lifelong Democrat, she spent the remainder of the year campaigning for Franklin D. Roosevelt during the 1944 presidential election.[112] In 1945, she co-starred with Laraine Day and Susan Peters in Keep Your Powder Dry, a war drama about three disparate women who join the Women's Army Corps.[113] She was then cast as the female lead in Week-End at the Waldorf, a loose remake of Grand Hotel (1932) in which she portrayed a stenographer (a role originated by Joan Crawford).[114] The film was a box-office hit.[114][115]

1946–1948: Expansion to dramatic roles

 
Turner as Cora Smith in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), considered by many critics to be her career-defining performance

After the war, Turner was cast in a lead role opposite John Garfield in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), a film noir based on James M. Cain's debut novel of the same name.[116] She portrayed Cora, an ambitious woman married to a stodgy, older owner of a roadside diner, who falls in love with a drifter and their desire to be together motivates them to murder her husband.[117] The classic film noir marked a turning point in Turner's career as her first femme fatale role.[118] Reviews of the film, including Turner's performance, were glowing, with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing it was "the role of her career".[119] Life magazine named the film its "Movie of the Week" in April 1946, and noted that both Turner and Garfield were "aptly cast" and "take over the screen, [creating] more fireworks than the Fourth of July".[120] Turner commented on her decision to take the role:

I finally got tired of making movies where all I did was walk across the screen and look pretty. I got a big chance to do some real acting in The Postman Always Rings Twice, and I'm not going to slip back if I can help it. I tried to persuade the studio to give me something different. But every time I went into my argument about how bad a picture was, they'd say, "well, it's making a fortune". That licked me.[121]

The Postman Always Rings Twice became a major box office success, which prompted the studio to take more risks on Turner, casting her outside of the glamorous sex-symbol roles for which she had come to be known.[121] In August 1946, it was announced she would replace Katharine Hepburn in the big-budget historical drama Green Dolphin Street (1947), a role for which she darkened her hair and lost 15 pounds.[121][122] The film was produced by Carey Wilson, who insisted on casting Turner based on her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice. In the film, she portrayed the daughter of a wealthy patriarch who pursues a relationship with a man in love with her sister.[122] Turner later recalled she was surprised about replacing Hepburn, saying: "I'm about the most un-Hepburnish actress on the lot. But it was just what I wanted to do."[121] It was her first starring role that did not center on her looks. In an interview, Turner said: "I even go running around in the jungles of New Zealand in a dress that's filthy and ragged. I don't wear any make-up and my hair's a mess." Nevertheless, she insisted she would not give up her glamorous image.[121] In the midst of filming Green Dolphin Street, Turner began an affair with actor Tyrone Power,[123][124] whom she considered to be the love of her life.[125] She discovered she was pregnant with Power's child in the fall of 1947, but chose to have an abortion.[125][33] During this time, she also had romantic affairs with Frank Sinatra[126] and Howard Hughes, the latter of which lasted for 12 weeks in late 1946.[127]

 
Turner in a 1940s publicity portrait

Turner's next film was the romantic drama Cass Timberlane, in which she played a young woman in love with an older judge, a role for which Jennifer Jones, Vivien Leigh and Virginia Grey had also been considered.[128] As of early 1946, Turner was set for the role, but schedules with Green Dolphin Street almost prohibited her from taking it, and by late 1946, she was nearly recast.[129] Production of Cass Timberlane was exhausting for Turner, because it was shot in between retakes of Green Dolphin Street.[130] Cass Timberlane earned Turner favorable reviews, with Variety noting: "Turner is the surprise of the picture via her top performance thespically. In a role that allows her the gamut from tomboy to the pangs of childbirth and from being another man's woman to remorseful wife, she seldom fails to acquit herself creditably."[131]

In August 1947, immediately upon completion of Cass Timberlane, Turner agreed to appear as the female lead in the World War II-set romantic drama Homecoming (1948), in which she was again paired with Clark Gable, portraying a female army lieutenant who falls in love with an American surgeon (Gable).[132] She was the studio's first choice for the role, but it was reluctant to offer her the part, considering her overbooked schedule.[132] Homecoming was well received by audiences, and Turner and Gable were nicknamed "the team that generates steam".[133] By this period, Turner was at the zenith of her film career, and was not only MGM's most popular star, but also one of the ten highest-paid women in the United States, with annual earnings of $226,000.[114][134]

1948–1952: Studio rebranding and personal struggles

In late 1947, Turner was cast as Lady de Winter in The Three Musketeers, her first Technicolor film.[135][136] Around this time, she began dating Henry J. "Bob" Topping Jr., a millionaire socialite and brother of New York Yankees owner Dan Topping, and a grandson of tin-plate magnate Daniel G. Reid.[97] Topping proposed to her at the 21 Club in New York City by dropping a diamond ring into her martini, and they married shortly after in April 1948 at the Topping family mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut.[137][138] Turner's wedding celebrations interfered with her filming schedule for The Three Musketeers, and she arrived to the set three days late.[139][140] Studio head Louis B. Mayer threatened to suspend her contract, but Turner managed to leverage her box-office draw with MGM to negotiate an expansion of her role in the film, as well as a salary increase amounting to $5,000 per week ($60,678 in 2021 dollars [43]).[141][142] The Three Musketeers went on to become a box-office success, earning $4.5 million ($54,610,283 in 2021 dollars [43]),[143] but Turner's contract was put on temporary suspension by Mayer after production finished.[144] After the release of The Three Musketeers, Turner discovered she was pregnant; in early 1949, she went into premature labor and gave birth to a stillborn baby boy in New York City.[145]

 
Turner with George Cukor on the set of A Life of Her Own (1950)

In 1949, Turner was to star in A Life of Her Own (1950), a George Cukor-directed drama about a woman who aspires to be a model in New York City. The project was shelved for several months, and Turner told journalists in December 1949: "Everybody agrees that the script is still a pile of junk. I'm anxious to get started. By the time this one comes out, it will be almost three years since I was last on the screen, in The Three Musketeers. I don't think it's healthy to stay off the screen that long."[146] Although unenthusiastic about the screenplay, Turner agreed to appear in the film after executives promised her suspension would be lifted upon doing so.[144] A Life of Her Own was among the least successful of Cukor's films, receiving unfavorable reviews and low box-office sales.[147] On May 24, 1950, Turner left her handprints and footprints in cement in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[148]

In response to the poor reception for A Life of Her Own, MGM attempted to rebrand Turner by casting her in musicals.[149] The first, Mr. Imperium, released in March 1951, was a box-office flop, and had Turner starring as an American woman who is wooed by a European prince.[150] "The script was stupid," she recalled. "I fought against doing the picture, but I lost."[151] It earned her unfavorable reviews, with one critic from the St. Petersburg Times writing: "Without Lana Turner, Mr. Imperium ... would be a better picture."[152]

During this period, Turner's personal finances were in disarray, and she was facing bankruptcy.[153] Suffering from depression over her career and financial problems, she attempted suicide in September 1951 by slitting her wrists in a locked bathroom.[154] She was saved by her business manager, Benton Cole, who broke down the bathroom door and called emergency medical services.[154] The following year, she began filming her second musical, The Merry Widow. During the shoot, Turner began an affair with her co-star Fernando Lamas, which ended after Lamas physically assaulted her; the incident also caused Lamas to lose his MGM contract upon the production's completion.[155] The Merry Widow proved more commercially successful than Turner's previous musical, Mr. Imperium, despite receiving unfavorable critical reviews.[156]

Turner's next project was opposite Kirk Douglas in Vincente Minnelli's The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), a drama focusing on the rise and fall of a Hollywood film mogul, in which Turner portrayed an alcoholic movie star.[157] The Bad and the Beautiful was both a critical and commercial success, and earned her favorable reviews.[158] A little over a week before the film's release in December 1952, Turner divorced her third husband, Bob Topping.[97] She later claimed Topping's drinking problem and excessive gambling as her impetus for the divorce.[159] Her next film project was Latin Lovers (1953), a romantic musical in which Lamas had originally been cast. He was replaced by Ricardo Montalbán.[160]

1953–1957: MGM departure and film resurgence

In the spring of 1953, Turner relocated to Europe for 18 months to make two films under a tax credit for American productions shot abroad.[161] The films were Flame and the Flesh, in which she portrayed a manipulative woman who takes advantage of a musician, and Betrayed, an espionage thriller set in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands; the latter marked Turner's fourth and final film appearance opposite Clark Gable.[162] In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote of Betrayed: "By the time this picture gets around to figuring out whether the betrayer is Miss Turner or Mr. Mature, it has taken the audience through such a lengthy and tedious amount of detail that it has not only frayed all possible tension but it has aggravated patience as well."[163] Upon returning to the United States in September 1953, Turner married actor Lex Barker,[97] whom she had been dating since their first meeting at a party held by Marion Davies in the summer of 1952.[164]

 
Turner in The Prodigal (1955)

In 1955, MGM's new studio head Dore Schary had Turner star as a pagan temptress in the Biblical epic The Prodigal (1955), her first CinemaScope feature.[165][166] She was reluctant to appear in the film because of the character's scanty, "atrocious" costumes and "stupid" lines, and during the shoot struggled to get along with co-star Edmund Purdom, whom she later described as "a young man with a remarkably high opinion of himself".[167] Variety deemed the film "a big-scale spectacle ...End result of all this flamboyant polish, however, is only fair entertainment."[168] Turner was next cast in John Farrow's The Sea Chase (1955), an adventure film starring John Wayne, in which she portrayed a femme fatale spy aboard a ship.[169] The film, released one month after The Prodigal, was a commercial success.[170]

MGM then gave Turner the titular role of Diane de Poitiers in the period drama Diane (1956), which had originally been optioned by the studio in the 1930s for Greta Garbo.[171] After completing Diane, Turner was loaned to 20th Century-Fox to headline The Rains of Ranchipur (1955), a remake of The Rains Came (1939), playing the wife of an aristocrat in the British Raj opposite Richard Burton.[172][173] The production was rushed to accommodate a Christmas release and was completed in only three months, but it received unfavorable reviews from critics.[174] Meanwhile, Diane was given a test screening in late December 1955, and was met with poor response from audiences.[174] Though an elaborate marketing campaign was crafted to promote the film, it was a box-office flop,[175] and MGM announced in February 1956 that it was opting not to renew Turner's contract.[176] Turner gleefully told a reporter at the time that she was "walking around in a daze. I've been sprung. After 18 years at MGM, I'm a free agent ...I used to go on a bended knee to the front office and say, please give me a decent story. I'll work for nothing, just give me a good story. So what happened? The last time I begged for a good story they gave me The Prodigal."[177] At the time of her contract termination, Turner's films had earned the studio more than $50 million.[177]

 
Turner and Betty Field in Peyton Place (1957), which earned Turner an Academy Award nomination

In 1956, Turner discovered she was pregnant with Barker's child, but gave birth to a stillborn baby girl seven months into the pregnancy.[178] In July 1957,[97] she filed for divorce from Barker after her daughter Cheryl alleged that he had regularly molested and raped her over the course of their marriage.[179][180] According to Cheryl, Turner confronted Barker before forcing him out of their home at gunpoint.[181] Weeks after her divorce, Turner began filming 20th Century-Fox's Peyton Place, in which she had been cast in the lead role of Constance MacKenzie, a New England mother struggling to maintain a relationship with her teenage daughter.[182] The film, directed by Mark Robson, was adapted from Grace Metalious' best-selling novel of the same name.[183] Released in December 1957, Peyton Place was a major blockbuster success, which worked in Turner's favor as she had agreed to take a percentage of the film's overall earnings instead of a salary.[184] She also received critical acclaim, with Variety noting that "Turner looks elegant" and "registers strongly",[185] and, for the first and only time, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.[186] Though grateful for the nomination, Turner would later state that she felt it was not "one of my better roles".[187]

1958–1959: Johnny Stompanato homicide scandal

Main article: Johnny Stompanato homicide
 
Turner and Stompanato in Acapulco on April 1, 1958, four days before he was stabbed to death by Turner's daughter

In January 1958, Paramount Pictures released The Lady Takes a Flyer, a romantic comedy in which Turner portrayed a female pilot.[188] While shooting the film the previous spring, she had begun receiving phone calls and flowers on the set from mobster Johnny Stompanato, using the name "John Steele".[189] Stompanato had close ties to the Los Angeles underworld and gangster Mickey Cohen, which he feared would dissuade her from dating him.[190] He pursued Turner aggressively, sending her various gifts.[191] Turner was "thoroughly intrigued" and began casually dating him.[192] After a friend informed her of who Stompanato actually was, she confronted him and tried to break off the affair.[193] Stompanato was not easily deterred, and over the course of the following year, they carried on a relationship filled with violent arguments, physical abuse and repeated reconciliations.[194][195] Turner would also claim that on one occasion he drugged her and took nude photographs of her while unconscious, potentially to use as blackmail.[196]

In September 1957, Stompanato visited Turner in London, where she was filming Another Time, Another Place, co-starring Sean Connery.[197] Their meeting was initially happy, but they soon began fighting. Stompanato became suspicious when Turner would not allow him to visit the set and, during one fight, he violently choked her.[198] To avoid further confrontation, Turner and her makeup artist, Del Armstrong, called Scotland Yard in order to have Stompanato deported.[199][200] Stompanato got wind of the plan and showed up on the set with a gun, threatening her and Connery.[201] Connery answered by grabbing the gun out of Stompanato's hand and twisting his wrist, causing him to run off the set.[202] Turner and Armstrong later returned with two Scotland Yard detectives to the rented house where she and Stompanato were staying. The detectives advised Stompanato to leave and escorted him out of the house and to the airport, where he boarded a plane back to the U.S.[203]

On the evening of March 26, 1958, Turner attended the Academy Awards to observe her nomination for Peyton Place and present the award for Best Supporting Actor.[204] Stompanato, angered that he did not attend with her, awaited her return home that evening, whereupon he physically assaulted her.[205] Around 8:00 p.m. on Friday, April 4, Stompanato arrived at Turner's rented home at 730 North Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills.[206][207] The two began arguing heatedly in the bedroom, during which Stompanato threatened to kill Turner, her daughter Cheryl and her mother.[194] Fearing that her mother's life was in danger, Cheryl – who had been watching television in an adjacent room – grabbed a kitchen knife and ran to Turner's defense.[208]

According to testimony provided by Turner, Stompanato died at the scene when Cheryl, who had been listening to the couple's fight behind the closed door, stabbed Stompanato in the stomach when Turner attempted to usher him out of the bedroom.[209] Turner testified that she initially believed Cheryl had punched him, but realized Stompanato had been stabbed when he collapsed and she saw blood on his shirt.[209]

 
Turner (center) with ex-husband Steve Crane and mother Mildred at Cheryl's juvenile court hearing, April 24, 1958

Because of Turner's fame and the fact that the killing involved her teenage daughter, the case quickly became a media sensation.[210] More than 100 reporters and journalists attended the April 12, 1958 inquest, described by attendees as "near-riotous".[211] After four hours of testimony and approximately 25 minutes of deliberation, the jury deemed the killing a justifiable homicide.[212][213] Cheryl remained a temporary ward of the court until April 24, when a juvenile court hearing was held, during which the judge expressed concerns over her receiving "proper parental supervision".[213] She was ultimately released to the care of her grandmother, and was ordered to regularly visit a psychiatrist alongside her parents.[213]

Though Turner and her daughter were exonerated of any wrongdoing, public opinion on the event was varied, with numerous publications intimating that Turner's testimony at the inquest was a performance; Life magazine published a photo of Turner testifying in court along with stills of her in courtroom scenes from three of her films.[214] The scandal also coincided with the release of Another Time, Another Place, and the film was met with poor box-office receipts and a lackluster critical response.[215] Stompanato's family sought a wrongful death suit of $750,000 in damages against both Turner and her ex-husband, Steve Crane. In the suit, Stompanato's son alleged that Turner had been responsible for his death, and that her daughter had taken the blame.[216] The suit was settled out of court for a reported $20,000 in May 1962.[217] A 1962 novel by Harold Robbins entitled Where Love Has Gone and its subsequent film adaptation were inspired by the event.[218]

1959–1965: Financial successes

In the wake of negative publicity related to Stompanato's death, Turner accepted the lead role in Ross Hunter's remake of Imitation of Life (1959) under the direction of Douglas Sirk.[219] She portrayed a struggling stage actress who makes personal sacrifices to further her career.[220] The production was difficult for Turner given the recent events of her personal life, and she suffered a panic attack on the first day of filming.[221] Her co-star Juanita Moore recalled that Turner cried for three days after filming a scene in which Moore's character dies.[222] When she returned to the set, "her face was so swollen, she couldn't work", Moore said.[223]

 
Turner in Imitation of Life (1959)

Released in the spring of 1959, Imitation of Life was among the year's biggest successes, and the biggest of Turner's career; by opting to receive 50% of the film's earnings rather than receiving a salary, she earned more than two million dollars.[224] Imitation of Life made more than $50 million in box office receipts.[225] Reviews were mixed,[226] although Variety praised her performance, writing: "Turner plays a character of changing moods, and her changes are remarkably effective, as she blends love and understanding, sincerity and ambition. The growth of maturity is reflected neatly in her distinguished portrayal."[227] Critics and audiences could not help noticing that the plots of Peyton Place and Imitation of Life both seemed to mirror certain parts of Turner's private life, resulting in comparisons she found painful.[228] Both films depicted the troubled, complicated relationship between a single mother and her teenage daughter.[229] During this time, Turner's daughter Cheryl privately came out as a lesbian to her parents, who were both supportive of her.[212] Despite this, Cheryl ran away from home multiple times and the press wrote about her rebelliousness.[224][230] Worried she was still suffering from the trauma of Stompanato's death, Turner sent Cheryl to the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut.[231]

Shortly before the release of Imitation of Life in the spring of 1959, Turner was cast in a lead role in Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder, but walked off the set over a wardrobe disagreement, effectively dropping out of the production.[232][233] She was replaced by Lee Remick.[234] Instead, Turner took a lead role as a disturbed socialite in the film noir Portrait in Black (1960) opposite Anthony Quinn and Sandra Dee, which was a box-office success despite bad reviews.[235][236] Ray Duncan of the Independent Star-News wrote that Turner "suffers prettily through it all, like a fashion model with a tight-fitting shoe".[237]

In November 1960, Turner married her fifth husband, Frederick "Fred" May, a rancher and member of the May department-store family whom she had met at a beach party in Malibu shortly after filming Imitation of Life.[238] Turner moved in with him on his ranch in Chino, California, where the two took care of horses and other animals.[239][217] The following year, she made her final film at MGM with Bob Hope in Bachelor in Paradise (1961), a romantic comedy about an investigative writer (Hope) working on a book about the wives of a lavish California community; the film received a mostly positive critical reception.[240] Upon completing filming, Turner collected the remaining $92,000 from her pension fund with MGM.[241] The same year, she starred in By Love Possessed (1961), based on a bestselling novel by James Gould Cozzens.[242] The film became the first in-flight movie to be shown on a regular basis on a scheduled airline flight when TWA showed it to its first-class passengers.[243]

In mid-1962, Turner filmed Who's Got the Action?, a comedy in which she portrayed the wife of a gambling addict opposite Dean Martin.[244] In September of that year,[245] Turner and May separated, divorcing shortly after in October.[97] They remained friends throughout her later life.[33] In 1965, she met Hollywood producer and businessman Robert Eaton, who was ten years her junior, through business associates.[246] The two married in June of that year at his family's home in Arlington, Virginia.[247]

1966–1985: Later films, television and theatre

 
Turner's role in Madame X (1966), earned her a David di Donatello Golden Plaque

In 1966, Turner had her last major starring role in the courtroom drama film Madame X, based on the 1904 play by Alexandre Bisson, in which Turner portrayed a lower-class woman who marries into a wealthy family.[248] A review in the Chicago Tribune praised her performance, noting: "when she takes the stand in the final (with Keir Dullea) courtroom scene, her face resembling a dust bowl victory garden, it's the most devastating denouement since Barbara Fritchie poked her head out the window."[249] Kaspar Monahan of the Pittsburgh Press lauded her performance, writing: "Her performance, I think, is far and away her very best, even rating Oscar consideration in next year's Academy Award race, unless the culture snobs gang up against her."[250] The role earned Turner a David di Donatello Golden Plaque Award for Best Foreign Actress that year.[251]

In late 1968, she began filming the low-budget thriller The Big Cube, in which she portrayed a glamorous heiress being dosed with LSD by her stepdaughter in hopes of driving her insane and receiving the family estate.[252] One critic deemed Turner's acting in the film "strained and amateurish", and declared it "one of her poorest performances".[253] In April 1969,[254] Turner filed for divorce from Eaton after four years of marriage upon discovering he had been unfaithful to her.[255] Weeks later, on May 9, 1969, she married Ronald Pellar, a nightclub hypnotist whom she had met at a Los Angeles disco.[256] According to Turner, Pellar (also known as Ronald Dante or Dr. Dante)[257] falsely claimed to have been raised in Singapore and to have a Ph.D. in psychology.[258]

 
Turner in The Big Cube (1969)

With few film offers coming in, Turner signed on to appear in the television series Harold Robbins' The Survivors.[259] Premiering in September 1969, the series was given a major national marketing campaign, with billboards featuring life-sized images of Turner.[260] Despite ABC's extensive publicity campaign and the presence of other big-name stars, the program fared badly, and it was canceled halfway into the season after a 15-week run in 1970.[260] Meanwhile, after six months of marriage, Turner discovered Pellar had stolen $35,000 she had given him for an investment.[261] In addition, she later accused him of stealing $100,000 worth of jewelry from her.[261] Pellar denied the accusations and no charges were filed against him.[262] She filed for divorce in January 1970,[97] after which she claimed to be celibate for the remainder of her life.[263][264] Turner married a total of eight times to seven different husbands,[212] and later famously said: "My goal was to have one husband and seven children, but it turned out to be the other way around."[102]

Turner returned to feature films with a lead role in the 1974 British horror film Persecution, in which she played a disturbed wealthy woman tormenting her son.[265] Variety noted of her performance: "Under the circumstances, Turner's performance as Carrie, the perverted dame of the English manor, has reasonable poise."[266] In April 1975, Turner spoke at a retrospective gala in New York City examining her career, which was attended by Andy Warhol, Sylvia Miles, Rex Reed and numerous fans.[267] Her next film was Bittersweet Love (1976), a romantic comedy in which she portrayed the mother of a woman who unwittingly marries her half-brother.[268] Lawrence Van Gelder of The New York Times wrote that the film served "as a reminder that Miss Turner was never one of our subtler actresses".[269]

In the early 1970s, Turner transitioned to theater, beginning with a production of Forty Carats, which toured various East Coast cities in 1971.[270] A review in The Philadelphia Inquirer noted: "Miss Turner always could wear clothes well, and her Forty Carats is a fashion show in the guise of a frothy, little comedy. It wasn't much of a play even when Julie Harris was doing it, and it all but disappears under the old-time Hollywood glamor of Miss Turner's star presence."[271] In 1975, Turner gave a single performance as Jessica Poole in The Pleasure of His Company opposite Louis Jourdan at the Arlington Park Theater in Chicago.[272] From 1976 to 1978, she starred in a touring production of Bell, Book and Candle, playing Gillian Holroyd.[273][274] Critic Elaine Matas noted of a 1977 performance that Turner was "brilliant" and "the bright spot in an otherwise mediocre play".[275] In the fall of 1978, she appeared in a Chicago production of Divorce Me, Darling, an original play in which she portrayed a San Francisco divorce attorney.[276] During rehearsals, a stagehand told reporters that Turner was "the hardest working broad I've known".[277] Richard Christiansen of the Chicago Tribune praised her performance, writing that, "though she is still a very nervous and inexpert actress, she is giving by far her most winning performance".[276]

Between 1979 and 1980, Turner returned to theater, appearing in Murder Among Friends, a murder-mystery play that showed in various U.S. cities.[278][279][280] During this time, Turner was in the midst of a self-described "downhill slide".[281] She was suffering from an alcohol addiction that had begun in the late 1950s,[270] was missing performances and weighed only 95 pounds (43 kg).[281] In 1980, Turner made her final feature-film appearance alongside Teri Garr in the comedy horror film Witches' Brew. The same year, she had what she referred to as a "religious awakening", and again began practicing her Catholic faith.[282][283] On October 25, 1981, the National Film Society presented Turner with an Artistry in Cinema award.[284] In December 1981, it was announced that Turner would appear as the mysterious Jacqueline Perrault in an episode of Falcon Crest,[285] marking her first television role in 12 years.[286] Her appearance was a ratings success, and her character returned for an additional five episodes.[287]

In January 1982, Turner reprised her role in Murder Among Friends, which toured throughout the U.S. that year; paired with Bob Fosse's Dancin', the play earned a combined gross of $400,000 during one week at Pittsburgh's Heinz Hall in June 1982.[288] In September, Turner released an autobiography entitled Lana: The Lady, the Legend, the Truth.[289] She subsequently guest-starred on an episode of The Love Boat in 1985,[290] which marked her final on-screen appearance.

1986–1995: Illness and death

Turner was a regular drinker[270] and cigarette smoker for most of her life.[291][292] During her contract with MGM, photographs that showed her holding cigarettes had to be airbrushed at the studio's request in an effort to conceal her smoking.[291] In her early 60s, Turner stopped drinking to preserve her health,[283] but she was unable to quit smoking.[258] She was diagnosed with throat cancer in the spring of 1992.[293][294] In a press release, she stated that the cancer had been detected early and had not damaged her vocal cords or larynx.[294] She underwent exploratory surgery to remove the cancer,[294] but it had metastasized to her jaw and lungs.[295] After undergoing radiation therapy,[292] Turner announced that she was in full remission in early 1993.[296] The cancer was found to have returned in July 1994.[297]

In September 1994, Turner made her final public appearance at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in Spain to accept a Lifetime Achievement Award,[298] and was confined to a wheelchair for much of the event.[292] She died nine months later at the age of 74 on June 29, 1995, of complications from the cancer, at her home in Century City, Los Angeles, with her daughter by her side.[212][299] According to Cheryl, Turner's death was a "total shock", as she had appeared to be in better health and had recently completed seven weeks of radiation therapy.[264] Turner's remains were cremated and given to Cheryl. Multiple accounts have the ashes still in Cheryl's possession, while other accounts say the ashes were scattered in the ocean, but which ocean and location varies by the sources.[300][301]

Cheryl and her partner Joyce LeRoy, whom Turner said she accepted "as a second daughter",[302] inherited some of Turner's personal effects and $50,000 in Turner's will. Her estate was estimated in court documents to be worth $1.7 million. Turner left the majority of her estate to her maid, Carmen Lopez Cruz, who had been her companion for 45 years and caregiver during her final illness.[303] Cheryl challenged the will, and Cruz said that the majority of the estate was consumed by probate costs, legal fees and medical expenses.[304]

Public and screen persona

Despite the reams of copy that have been written about me, even the supposedly private Lana, the press has never had any sense of who I am; they've even missed my humor, my love of gaiety and color ... Humor has been the balm of my life, but it's been reserved for those closest to me.

– Turner on her representation in press[305]

When Turner was discovered, MGM executive Mervyn LeRoy envisioned her as a replacement for the recently deceased Jean Harlow and began developing her image as a sex symbol.[306] In They Won't Forget (1937) and Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938), she embodied an "innocent sexuality" portraying ingénues.[307] Film historian Jeanine Basinger notes that she "represented the girl who'd rather sit on the diving board to show off her figure than get wet in the water ... the girl who'd rather kiss than kibbitz".[52] In her early films, Turner did not color her auburn hair—see Dancing Co-Ed (1939), in which she was billed "the red-headed sensation who brought "it" back to the screen".[308] 1941's Ziegfeld Girl was the first film to showcase Turner with platinum blonde hair, which she wore for much of the remainder of her life and for which she came to be known.[309]

 
Turner in 1944

After Turner's first marriage in 1940, columnist Louella Parsons wrote: "If Lana Turner will behave herself and not go completely berserk she is headed for a top spot in motion pictures. She is the most glamorous actress since Jean Harlow."[310] She also likened her to Clara Bow, adding: "Both of them, trusting and lovable, use their hearts instead of their heads. Lana ... has always acted hastily and been guided more by her own ideas than by any advance any studio gave her."[69] By the mid-1940s, Turner had been married and divorced three times, had given birth to her daughter Cheryl and had numerous publicized affairs.[224][307] However, her image in 1946's The Postman Always Rings Twice marked a departure from her strictly-sex symbol screen persona to that of a full-fledged femme fatale.[307]

By the 1950s, both critics and audiences began noting parallels between Turner's rocky personal life and the roles she played.[311] The likeness was most evident in Peyton Place and Imitation of Life, both films in which Turner portrayed single mothers struggling to maintain relationships with their teenage daughters.[312] Film scholar Richard Dyer cites Turner as an example of one of Hollywood's earliest stars whose publicized private life perceptibly inflected their careers: "Her career is marked by an unusually, even spectacularly, high degree of interpenetration between her publicly available private life and her films ... not only do her vehicles furnish characters and situations in accord with her off-screen image, but frequently incidents in them echo incidents in her life so that by the end of her career films like Peyton Place, Imitation of Life, Madame X and Love Has Many Faces seem in parts like mere illustrations of her life."[313]

Basinger echoes similar sentiments, noting that Turner was often "cast only in roles that were symbolic of what the public knew—or thought they knew—of her life from headlines she made as a person, not as a movie character ... Her person became her persona."[314] In addition, Basinger credits Turner as the first mainstream female star to "take the male prerogative openly for herself", publicly indulging in romances and affairs that in turn fueled the publicity surrounding her.[315] Film scholar Jessica Hope Jordan considers Turner an "implosion" of both a "real-life image and star image" and suggests that she utilized one to mask the other, thus rendering her representative of the "ultimate femme fatale".[316] Columnist Dorothy Kilgallen took note of the intersections between Turner's life and screen persona early in her career, writing in 1946:

Lana Turner is a super-star for many reasons but chiefly because she is the same off-screen as she is on. Some of the stars are magnetic dazzlers on celluloid and ordinary, practical, polo-coated little things in private life. Not so Lana. No one who adored her in movies would be disappointed to meet her in the flesh. The flesh is the same. The biography is as colorful as any plot she has ever romped through on screen. The clothes she wears are just like the clothes you pay to see her in on Saturday night at the Bijou. The physical allure is just as heavy when she looks at a headwaiter as when she looks at a hero.[317]

 
Turner in 1943

Historians have cited Turner as one of the most glamorous film stars of all time, an association that was made both during her lifetime[318][319][320] and after her death.[186] Commenting on her image, she once told a journalist: "Forsaking glamour is like forsaking my identity. It's an image I've worked too hard to obtain and preserve."[4] Michael Gordon, who directed Turner in Portrait in Black, remembered her as "a very talented actress whose chief reliability was what I regarded as impoverished taste ... Lana was not a dummy, and she would give me wonderful rationalizations why she should wear pendant earrings. They had nothing to do with the role, but they had to do with her particular self-image."[321]

According to her daughter, Turner's obsessive attention to detail often resulted in dressmakers storming out during dress fittings.[322] No matter the setting, Turner also took care to ensure she was always "camera-ready", wearing jewelry and makeup even while lounging in sweatpants.[323] Turner often purchased her favorite styles of shoes in every available color, at one time accumulating 698 pairs.[324] She favored the designers Salvatore Ferragamo, Jean Louis, Helen Rose and Nolan Miller.[322][325] Film historians Joe Morella and Edward Epstein have observed that, unlike many female stars, Turner "wasn't resented by female fans", and that women made up a large part of her fan base in later years.[326] Turner maintained her glamorous image into her late career; a 1966 film review characterized her as "the glitter and glamour of Hollywood".[4] While she consistently embraced her glamorous persona, she was also vocal about her dedication to acting[121] and attained a reputation as a versatile, hard-working performer.[11] She was an admirer of Bette Davis, whom she cited as her favorite actress.[218]

Legacy

Main article: Lana Turner in popular culture
 
Turner by Paul Hesse, 1946

Turner has been noted by historians as a sex symbol, a popular culture icon[4][314] and "a symbol of the American Dream fulfilled ... Because of her, being discovered at a soda fountain has become almost as cherished an ideal as being born in a log cabin."[4] Critic Leonard Maltin noted in 2005 that Turner "came to crystallize the opulent heights to which show business could usher a small-town girl, as well as its darkest, most tragic and narcissistic depths".[327] She has also been cited by scholars as a gay icon because of her glamorous persona and triumphs over personal struggles.[328] While discussions surrounding Turner have largely been based on her cultural prevalence, little scholarly study has been undertaken on her career,[329] and opinion of her legacy as an actress has divided critics. Upon Turner's death, John Updike wrote in The New Yorker that she "was a faded period piece, an old-fashioned glamour queen whose fifty-four films, over four decades didn't amount, retrospectively to much ... As a performer, she was purely a studio-made product."[330]

Defenders of Turner's acting ability, such as Jessica Hope Jordan[331] and James Robert Parish,[332] cite her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice as an argument for the value of her work. Turner's role in the film has also caused her to be frequently associated with film noir and the femme fatale archetype in critical circles.[333][334][335] In a 1973 Films in Review retrospective on her career, Turner was referred to as "a master of the motion picture technique and a hardworking craftsman".[336] Jeanine Basinger has similarly championed Turner's acting, writing of her performance in The Bad and the Beautiful: "None of the sex symbols who have been touted as actresses—not Hayworth or Gardner or Taylor or Monroe—have ever given such a fine performance."[337]

Because of the intersections between Turner's high-profile, glamorous persona, and storied, often troubled personal life, she is included in critical discussions about the Hollywood studio system, specifically its capitalization on its stars' private travails.[329] Basinger considers her the "epitome of the Hollywood machine-made stardom".[338] Turner has also been cited in scholarly discussions of women's sexuality.[339]

 
Copies of the poem "Lana Turner has Collapsed" (1964) by Frank O'Hara at the Museum of the City of New York

Turner has been depicted and referenced in numerous works across literature, film, music and art. She was the subject of the poem "Lana Turner has collapsed" by Frank O'Hara,[340] and was depicted as a minor character in James Ellroy's novel L.A. Confidential (1990).[341] The Stompanato murder and its aftermath were also the basis of the Harold Robbins novel Where Love Has Gone (1962).[218] In popular music, Turner was referenced in songs recorded by Nina Simone[342] and Frank Sinatra,[343] and was the source of the stage name of singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey.[344][345] In 2002, artist Eloy Torrez included Turner in an outdoor mural, Portrait of Hollywood, painted on the auditorium of Hollywood High School, her alma mater.[346] Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6241 Hollywood Boulevard.[11] In 2012, Complex named her the eighth-most infamous actress of all time.[347]

Filmography and credits

Main article: Lana Turner performances and awards

Notes

  1. ^ Turner pronounced her first name LAH-nə,[1][2] and remarked her dislike for the alternate pronunciation LAN-ə (/ˈlænə/). In a 1982 interview, Joan Rivers asked Turner how she preferred her name be spoken, and she joked: "Please, if you say 'Lan-ah', I shall slaughter you."[3]
  2. ^ Some sources claim Turner's birth name to be Julia Jean Mildred Frances Turner. However, Turner notes in her autobiography that her birth certificate lists Julia Jean Turner as her official birth name.[8] She writes that she later adopted the middle names Mildred and Frances (saints' names as well as the given and middle names of her mother) after converting to Catholicism.[9]
  3. ^ Some sources (including the San Francisco Chronicle[10] and Los Angeles Times's Hollywood Walk of Fame series)[11] erroneously report her birth year as 1920. However, in her memoir, Turner cited her birth certificate as reading 1921,[8] and her daughter again confirmed this as her birth year in 2008.[12]
  4. ^ Per the official city of Wallace website, the Turner home in Wallace was located at 217 Bank Street, immediately west of downtown Wallace. The home is located within the Wallace Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places (OMB no. 1024-0018).[19]
  5. ^ An article published in the Los Angeles Times in 1995 after Turner's death recounts the varied retellings of her discovery, and notes their status as show-business legends. A 2001 documentary on Turner refers to her discovery as the "most legendary star discovery story" in Hollywood.[37] Turner would dismiss the widely circulated version that had the event occurring at Schwab's Pharmacy, insisting she met William R. Wilkerson at the Top Hat Malt Shop while drinking a Coca-Cola.[38]

References

  1. ^ Basinger 1976, p. 24.
  2. ^ Busch 1940, p. 65.
  3. ^ Turner, Lana (September 28, 1982). "Joan Rivers interviews Lana Turner". The Tonight Show (Interview). Interviewed by Joan Rivers. NBC.
  4. ^ a b c d e Fields 2007, p. 109.
  5. ^ Turner 1982, p. 65.
  6. ^ "'Lana' Turner Official Now". Eugene Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon: UP. May 7, 1950. p. 6D – via Google News.
  7. ^ a b Squire, Nancy Winslow (May 1943). "The Strange Case of Lana Turner". Modern Screen. p. 32. ISSN 0026-8429 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ a b c Turner 1982, p. 9.
  9. ^ a b c d Turner 1982, p. 14.
  10. ^ a b San Francisco Chronicle Staff (July 3, 1995). "Editorial – Lana Turner: 1920–1995". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  11. ^ a b c Los Angeles Times Staff (June 30, 1995). "Lana Turner". Los Angeles Times. Hollywood Star Walk. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  12. ^ Crane & De La Hoz 2008, p. 16.
  13. ^ Fernandes, Charles (July 3, 1995). "A star was born in Idaho; Wallace folks remember Turner's early years. Her family moved to San Francisco when she was 6 years old". Lewiston Tribune. Lewiston, Idaho. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  14. ^ Grever, Brindley (May 15, 1941). "Lana Turner, Born in Wallace, Idaho, Twenty Years Ago, Now a Star". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Spokane, Washington. p. 16 – via Google News.
  15. ^ Turner 1982, pp. 10–11.
  16. ^ Turner 1982, pp. 9–10.
  17. ^ Turner 1982, p. 10.
  18. ^ Buenneke, Troy D. (1991). "Burke, Idaho, 1884–1925: The Rise and Fall of a Mining Community". Idaho Yesterdays. Idaho Yesterdays. Vol. 35–36. Idaho Historical Society. p. 26. ISSN 0019-1264.
  19. ^ Marsh, Greg. . City of Wallace, Idaho. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  20. ^ Bamont & Jacobson 2017, p. 161.
  21. ^ a b c Basinger 1976, p. 19.
  22. ^ a b c d Los Angeles Times Staff (June 30, 1995). . Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016.
  23. ^ Wayne 2003, p. 164.
  24. ^ Turner 1982, p. 15.
  25. ^ a b Wayne 2003, pp. 164–165.
  26. ^ Turner 1982, p. 18.
  27. ^ a b Morella & Epstein 1971, p. 11.
  28. ^ Morella & Epstein 1971, p. 12.
  29. ^ a b Turner 1982, p. 13.
  30. ^ Fischer 1991, p. 22.
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External links

March 10, 2023
lana, turner, this, article, about, actress, fashion, stylist, collector, stylist, ɑː, born, julia, jean, turner, february, 1921, june, 1995, american, actress, over, course, nearly, year, career, achieved, fame, both, model, film, actress, well, highly, publi. This article is about the actress For the fashion stylist and collector see Lana Turner stylist Lana Turner ˈ l ɑː n e LAH ne a born Julia Jean Turner February 8 1921 June 29 1995 was an American actress Over the course of her nearly 50 year career she achieved fame as both a pin up model and a film actress as well as for her highly publicized personal life In the mid 1940s she was one of the highest paid actresses in the United States and one of Metro Goldwyn Mayer s MGM biggest stars with her films earning more than 50 million for the studio during her 18 year contract with them Turner is frequently cited as a popular culture icon of Hollywood glamour and a screen legend of classical Hollywood cinema 4 Lana TurnerA publicity still of Turner from Metro Goldwyn Mayer 1940sBornJulia Jean Turner 1921 02 08 February 8 1921Wallace Idaho U S DiedJune 29 1995 1995 06 29 aged 74 Los Angeles California U S OccupationActressYears active1937 1985SpousesArtie Shaw m 1940 div 1940 wbr Joseph Stephen Crane m 1942 ann 1943 wbr m 1943 div 1944 wbr Bob Topping m 1948 div 1952 wbr Lex Barker m 1953 div 1957 wbr Fred May m 1960 div 1962 wbr Robert Eaton m 1965 div 1969 wbr Ronald Pellar m 1969 div 1972 wbr ChildrenCheryl CraneAwardsFull listSignatureBorn to working class parents in northern Idaho Turner spent her childhood there before her family relocated to San Francisco In 1936 when Turner was 15 she was discovered while purchasing a soda at the Top Hat Malt Shop in Hollywood At 16 she was signed to a personal contract by Warner Bros director Mervyn LeRoy who took her with him when he transferred to MGM in 1938 She soon attracted attention by playing the role of a murder victim in her film debut LeRoy s They Won t Forget 1937 and she later moved into supporting roles often appearing as an ingenue During the early 1940s Turner established herself as a leading lady and one of MGM s top stars appearing in such films as the film noir Johnny Eager 1941 the musical Ziegfeld Girl 1941 the horror film Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1941 and the romantic war drama Somewhere I ll Find You 1942 one of several films in which she starred opposite Clark Gable Turner s reputation as a glamorous femme fatale was enhanced by her critically acclaimed performance in the noir The Postman Always Rings Twice 1946 a role which established her as a serious dramatic actress Her popularity continued through the 1950s in dramas such as The Bad and the Beautiful 1952 and Peyton Place 1957 the latter for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress Intense media scrutiny surrounded the actress in 1958 when her teenage daughter Cheryl Crane stabbed Turner s lover Johnny Stompanato to death in their home during a domestic struggle Her next film Imitation of Life 1959 proved to be one of the greatest commercial successes of her career and her starring role in Madame X 1966 earned her a David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actress Turner spent most of the 1970s in semi retirement making her final film appearance in 1980 In 1982 she accepted a much publicized and lucrative recurring guest role in the television series Falcon Crest which afforded the series notably high ratings In 1992 Turner was diagnosed with throat cancer and died of the disease three years later at age 74 Contents 1 Life and career 1 1 1921 1936 Early life and education 1 2 1937 1939 Discovery and early films 1 3 1940 1945 War years and film stardom 1 4 1946 1948 Expansion to dramatic roles 1 5 1948 1952 Studio rebranding and personal struggles 1 6 1953 1957 MGM departure and film resurgence 1 7 1958 1959 Johnny Stompanato homicide scandal 1 8 1959 1965 Financial successes 1 9 1966 1985 Later films television and theatre 1 10 1986 1995 Illness and death 2 Public and screen persona 3 Legacy 4 Filmography and credits 5 Notes 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksLife and career Edit1921 1936 Early life and education Edit Turner at age five in Wallace Idaho 5 Lana Turner was born Julia Jean Turner 6 7 b on February 8 1921 c at Providence Hospital 13 in Wallace Idaho a small mining community in the Idaho Panhandle region 14 15 She was the only child of John Virgil Turner a miner from Montgomery Alabama of Dutch descent and Mildred Frances Cowan from Lamar Arkansas who had English Scottish and Irish ancestry Mildred was four days shy of her 17th birthday when she gave birth to her only child 16 Lana s parents had first met while 14 year old Mildred the daughter of a mine inspector was visiting Picher Oklahoma with her father who was inspecting local mines there 8 John was 24 years old at the time and Mildred s father objected to the courtship Shortly after the two eloped and moved west settling in Idaho 17 The family lived in Burke Idaho at the time of Turner s birth 18 and relocated to nearby Wallace in 1925 d where her father opened a dry cleaning service and worked in the local silver mines 20 As a child Turner was known to family and friends as Judy 21 She expressed interest in performance at a young age performing short dance routines at her father s Elks chapter in Wallace 22 At age three she performed an impromptu dance routine at a charity fashion show in which her mother was modeling 22 The Turner family struggled financially and relocated to San Francisco when she was six years old after which her parents separated 23 On December 14 1930 24 her father won some money at a traveling craps game stuffed his winnings in his left sock and headed for home He was later found bludgeoned to death on the corner of Minnesota and Mariposa Streets on the edge of San Francisco s Potrero Hill and the Dogpatch District with his left shoe and sock missing 21 25 His robbery and homicide were never solved 21 and his death had a profound effect on Turner 26 I know that my father s sweetness and gaiety his warmth and his tragedy have never been far from me she later said That and a sense of loss and of growing up too fast 27 Turner sometimes lived with family friends or acquaintances so that her impoverished mother could save money 28 They also frequently moved for a time living in Sacramento and throughout the San Francisco Bay Area 29 Following her father s death Turner lived for a period in Modesto with a family who physically abused her and treated her like a servant 27 Her mother worked 80 hours per week as a beautician to support herself and her daughter 30 31 and Turner recalled sometimes living on crackers and milk for half a week 29 While baptized a Protestant at birth 32 Turner attended Mass with the Hislops a Catholic family with whom her mother had temporarily boarded her in Stockton California 9 She became thrilled by the ritual practices of the church 9 and when she was seven her mother allowed her to formally convert to Roman Catholicism 9 33 Turner subsequently attended the Convent of the Immaculate Conception 10 in San Francisco hoping to become a nun 22 In the mid 1930s Turner s mother developed respiratory problems and was advised by her doctor to move to a drier climate upon which the two moved to Los Angeles in 1936 22 25 1937 1939 Discovery and early films Edit Her hair was dark messy uncombed Her hands were trembling so she could barely read the script But she had that sexy clean quality I wanted There was something smoldering underneath that innocent face Mervyn LeRoy on Turner during her first audition December 1936 34 Turner s discovery is considered a show business legend and part of Hollywood mythology among film and popular cultural historians 35 36 e One version of the story erroneously has her discovery occurring at Schwab s Pharmacy 39 which Turner claimed was the result of a reporting error that began circulating in articles published by columnist Sidney Skolsky 38 By Turner s own account she was a junior at Hollywood High School when she skipped a typing class and bought a Coca Cola at the Top Hat Malt Shop 34 40 located on the southeast corner of Sunset Boulevard and McCadden Place 41 While in the shop she was spotted by William R Wilkerson publisher of The Hollywood Reporter 35 Wilkerson was attracted by her beauty and physique and asked her if she was interested in appearing in films to which she responded I ll have to ask my mother first 38 With her mother s permission Turner was referred by Wilkerson to the actor comedian talent agent Zeppo Marx 42 In December 1936 Marx introduced Turner to film director Mervyn LeRoy who signed her to a 50 weekly contract with Warner Bros on February 22 1937 942 in 2021 dollars 43 34 She soon became a protegee of LeRoy who suggested that she take the stage name Lana Turner a name she would come to legally adopt several years later 44 Edward Norris and Turner in They Won t Forget 1937 her feature film debut Turner made her feature film debut in LeRoy s They Won t Forget 1937 45 a crime drama in which she played a teenage murder victim Though Turner only appeared on screen for a few minutes 46 Wilkerson wrote in The Hollywood Reporter that her performance was worthy of more than a passing note 47 The film earned her the nickname of the Sweater Girl for her form fitting attire which accentuated her bust 42 48 Turner always detested the nickname 49 and upon seeing a sneak preview of the film she recalled being profoundly embarrassed and squirming lower and lower into her seat 33 She stated that she had never seen myself walking before It was the first time I was conscious of my body 33 Several years after the film s release Modern Screen journalist Nancy Squire wrote that Turner made a sweater look like something Cleopatra was saving for the next visiting Caesar 7 Shortly after completing They Won t Forget she made an appearance in James Whale s historical comedy The Great Garrick 1937 a biographical film about British actor David Garrick in which she had a small role portraying an actress posing as a chambermaid 50 51 In late 1937 LeRoy was hired as an executive at Metro Goldwyn Mayer MGM and asked Jack L Warner to allow Turner to relocate with him to MGM 52 Warner obliged as he believed Turner would not amount to anything 53 Turner left Warner Bros and signed a contract with MGM for 100 a week 1 885 in 2021 dollars 43 54 The same year she was loaned to United Artists for a minor role as a maid in The Adventures of Marco Polo 47 Her first starring role for MGM was scheduled to be an adaptation of The Sea Wolf co starring Clark Gable but the project was eventually shelved 55 Instead she was assigned opposite teen idol Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland in the Andy Hardy film Love Finds Andy Hardy 1938 56 During the shoot Turner completed her studies with an educational social worker allowing her to graduate high school that year 57 The film was a box office success 58 and her appearance in it as a flirtatious high school student convinced studio head Louis B Mayer that Turner could be the next Jean Harlow a sex symbol who had died six months before Turner s arrival at MGM 59 Turner with Lew Ayres in These Glamour Girls 1939 Mayer helped further Turner s career by giving her roles in several youth oriented films in the late 1930s such as the comedy Rich Man Poor Girl 1938 in which she played the sister of a poor woman romanced by a wealthy man and Dramatic School 1938 in which she portrayed Mado a troubled drama student 60 In the former she was billed as the Kissing Bug from the Andy Hardy film 60 Upon completing Dramatic School Turner screen tested for the role of Scarlett O Hara in Gone with the Wind 1939 60 She was then cast in a supporting part as a sympathetic bad girl in Calling Dr Kildare 1939 MGM s second entry in the Dr Kildare series 60 This was followed by These Glamour Girls 1939 a comedy in which she portrayed a taxi dancer invited to attend a dance with a male coed at his elite college 61 Turner s onscreen sex appeal in the film was reflected by a review in the St Louis Post Dispatch in which she was characterized as the answer to oomph 62 In her next film Dancing Co Ed 1939 Turner was given first billing portraying Patty Marlow a professional dancer who enters a college as part of a rigged national talent contest 63 The film was a commercial success and led to Turner appearing on the cover of Look magazine 64 In February 1940 Turner garnered significant publicity when she eloped to Las Vegas with 28 year old bandleader Artie Shaw her co star in Dancing Co Ed 65 66 Though they had only briefly known each other Turner recalled being stirred by his eloquence and after their first date the two spontaneously decided to get married 67 Their marriage only lasted four months but was highly publicized and led MGM executives to grow concerned over Turner s impulsive behavior 68 In the spring of 1940 after the two had divorced Turner discovered she was pregnant and had an abortion 69 In contemporaneous press it was noted she had been hospitalized for exhaustion 69 She would later recall that Shaw treated her like an untutored blonde savage and took no pains to conceal his opinion 64 In the midst of her marriage to Shaw she starred in We Who Are Young a drama in which she played a woman who marries her coworker against their employer s policy 70 1940 1945 War years and film stardom Edit Judy Garland Turner and James Stewart on the set of Ziegfeld Girl 1941 which precipitated her rise at MGM In 1940 Turner appeared in her first musical film Two Girls on Broadway in which she received top billing over established co stars Joan Blondell and George Murphy 64 A remake of The Broadway Melody the film was marketed as featuring Turner s hottest most daring role 64 The following year she had a lead role in her second musical Ziegfeld Girl opposite James Stewart Judy Garland and Hedy Lamarr 71 In the film she portrayed Sheila Regan an alcoholic aspiring actress based on Lillian Lorraine 72 73 Ziegfeld Girl marked a personal and professional shift for Turner she claimed it as the first role that got her interested in acting 74 and the studio impressed by her performance marketed the film as featuring her in the best role of the biggest picture to be released by the industry s biggest company 75 The film s high box office returns elevated Turner s profitability and MGM gave her a weekly salary raise to 1 500 as well as a personal makeup artist and trailer 29 013 in 2021 dollars 43 76 After completing the film Turner and co star Garland remained lifelong friends and lived in houses next to one another in the 1950s 77 Following the success of Ziegfeld Girl Turner took a supporting role as an ingenue in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1941 a Freudian influenced horror film opposite Spencer Tracy and Ingrid Bergman 78 MGM had initially cast Turner in the lead but Tracy specifically requested Bergman for the part 79 The studio recast Turner in the smaller role though she was still given top billing 79 While the film was financially successful 80 Time magazine panned it calling it a pretentious resurrection of Robert Louis Stevenson s ghoulish classic As for Lana Turner fully clad for a change and the rest of the cast they are as wooden as their roles 81 Turner was then cast in the Western Honky Tonk 1941 the first of four films in which she would star opposite Clark Gable 82 The Turner Gable films successes were often heightened by gossip column rumors about a relationship between the two 83 In January 1942 she began shooting her second picture with Gable titled Somewhere I ll Find You 84 however the production was halted for several weeks after the death of Gable s wife Carole Lombard in a plane crash 85 Meanwhile the press continued to fuel rumors that Turner and Gable were romantic offscreen which Turner vehemently denied 86 I adored Mr Gable but we were just friends she later recalled When six o clock came he went his way and I went mine 33 Her next project was Johnny Eager 1941 a violent mobster film in which she portrayed a socialite 87 88 James Agee of Time magazine was critical of co star Robert Taylor s performance and noted Turner is similarly handicapped Metro has swathed her best assets in a toga swears that she shall become an actress or else Under these adverse circumstances stars Taylor and Turner are working under wraps 89 Turner in 1943 At the advent of US involvement in World War II Turner s increasing prominence in Hollywood led to her becoming a popular pin up girl 90 and her image appeared painted on the noses of U S fighter planes bearing the nickname Tempest Turner 91 In June 1942 she embarked on a 10 week war bond tour throughout the western United States with Gable 92 During the tour she began promising kisses to the highest war bond buyers while selling bonds at the Pioneer Courthouse in Portland Oregon she sold a 5 000 bond to a man for two kisses 93 and another to an elderly man for 50 000 92 Arriving to sell bonds in her hometown of Wallace Idaho she was greeted with a banner that read Welcome home Lana followed by a large celebration during which the mayor declared a holiday in her honor 94 Upon completing the tour Turner had sold 5 25 million in war bonds 92 Throughout the war Turner continued to make regular appearances at U S troop events and area bases though she confided to friends that she found visiting the hospital wards of injured soldiers emotionally difficult 95 During World War II the Royal Canadian Air Force 427 Lion Squadron had been adopted by MGM Many of the aircraft had dedications or nose art honoring MGM s Stars A Handley Page Halifax bomber London s Revenge DK186 ZL L carried the name of Lana Turner into battle over Germany 96 In July 1942 97 Turner met her second husband actor turned restaurateur Joseph Stephen Steve Crane at a dinner party in Los Angeles 98 The two eloped to Las Vegas a week after they began dating 99 100 Their marriage was annulled by Turner four months later upon discovering that Crane s previous divorce had not yet been finalized 100 After discovering she was pregnant in November 1942 Turner remarried Crane in Tijuana in March 1943 97 During her early pregnancy she filmed the comedy Marriage Is a Private Affair in which she starred as a carefree woman struggling to balance her new life as a mother 101 Though she wanted multiple children Turner had Rh negative blood which caused fetal anemia and made it difficult to carry a child to term 102 103 Turner was urged by doctors to undergo a therapeutic abortion to avoid potentially life threatening complications but she managed to carry the child to term 104 She gave birth to a daughter Cheryl on July 25 1943 101 Turner s blood condition resulted in Cheryl being born with near fatal erythroblastosis fetalis 105 106 Turner performing on Suspense radio show 1945 Meanwhile publicity over Turner s remarriage to Crane led MGM to play up her image as a sex symbol in Slightly Dangerous 1943 with Robert Young Walter Brennan and Dame May Whitty in which she portrayed a woman who moves to New York City and poses as the long lost daughter of a millionaire 107 Released in the midst of Turner s pregnancy the film was financially successful 108 but received mixed reviews with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing No less than four Metro writers must have racked their brains for all of five minutes to think up the rags to riches fable Indeed there is cause for suspicion that they didn t even bother to think 109 Critic Anita Loos praised Turner s performance in the film writing Lana Turner typifies modern allure She is the vamp of today as Theda Bara was of yesterday However she doesn t look like a vamp She is far more deadly because she lets her audience relax 110 In August 1944 Turner divorced Crane citing his gambling and unemployment as primary reasons 111 A lifelong Democrat she spent the remainder of the year campaigning for Franklin D Roosevelt during the 1944 presidential election 112 In 1945 she co starred with Laraine Day and Susan Peters in Keep Your Powder Dry a war drama about three disparate women who join the Women s Army Corps 113 She was then cast as the female lead in Week End at the Waldorf a loose remake of Grand Hotel 1932 in which she portrayed a stenographer a role originated by Joan Crawford 114 The film was a box office hit 114 115 1946 1948 Expansion to dramatic roles Edit Turner as Cora Smith in The Postman Always Rings Twice 1946 considered by many critics to be her career defining performance After the war Turner was cast in a lead role opposite John Garfield in The Postman Always Rings Twice 1946 a film noir based on James M Cain s debut novel of the same name 116 She portrayed Cora an ambitious woman married to a stodgy older owner of a roadside diner who falls in love with a drifter and their desire to be together motivates them to murder her husband 117 The classic film noir marked a turning point in Turner s career as her first femme fatale role 118 Reviews of the film including Turner s performance were glowing with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing it was the role of her career 119 Life magazine named the film its Movie of the Week in April 1946 and noted that both Turner and Garfield were aptly cast and take over the screen creating more fireworks than the Fourth of July 120 Turner commented on her decision to take the role I finally got tired of making movies where all I did was walk across the screen and look pretty I got a big chance to do some real acting in The Postman Always Rings Twice and I m not going to slip back if I can help it I tried to persuade the studio to give me something different But every time I went into my argument about how bad a picture was they d say well it s making a fortune That licked me 121 The Postman Always Rings Twice became a major box office success which prompted the studio to take more risks on Turner casting her outside of the glamorous sex symbol roles for which she had come to be known 121 In August 1946 it was announced she would replace Katharine Hepburn in the big budget historical drama Green Dolphin Street 1947 a role for which she darkened her hair and lost 15 pounds 121 122 The film was produced by Carey Wilson who insisted on casting Turner based on her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice In the film she portrayed the daughter of a wealthy patriarch who pursues a relationship with a man in love with her sister 122 Turner later recalled she was surprised about replacing Hepburn saying I m about the most un Hepburnish actress on the lot But it was just what I wanted to do 121 It was her first starring role that did not center on her looks In an interview Turner said I even go running around in the jungles of New Zealand in a dress that s filthy and ragged I don t wear any make up and my hair s a mess Nevertheless she insisted she would not give up her glamorous image 121 In the midst of filming Green Dolphin Street Turner began an affair with actor Tyrone Power 123 124 whom she considered to be the love of her life 125 She discovered she was pregnant with Power s child in the fall of 1947 but chose to have an abortion 125 33 During this time she also had romantic affairs with Frank Sinatra 126 and Howard Hughes the latter of which lasted for 12 weeks in late 1946 127 Turner in a 1940s publicity portrait Turner s next film was the romantic drama Cass Timberlane in which she played a young woman in love with an older judge a role for which Jennifer Jones Vivien Leigh and Virginia Grey had also been considered 128 As of early 1946 Turner was set for the role but schedules with Green Dolphin Street almost prohibited her from taking it and by late 1946 she was nearly recast 129 Production of Cass Timberlane was exhausting for Turner because it was shot in between retakes of Green Dolphin Street 130 Cass Timberlane earned Turner favorable reviews with Variety noting Turner is the surprise of the picture via her top performance thespically In a role that allows her the gamut from tomboy to the pangs of childbirth and from being another man s woman to remorseful wife she seldom fails to acquit herself creditably 131 In August 1947 immediately upon completion of Cass Timberlane Turner agreed to appear as the female lead in the World War II set romantic drama Homecoming 1948 in which she was again paired with Clark Gable portraying a female army lieutenant who falls in love with an American surgeon Gable 132 She was the studio s first choice for the role but it was reluctant to offer her the part considering her overbooked schedule 132 Homecoming was well received by audiences and Turner and Gable were nicknamed the team that generates steam 133 By this period Turner was at the zenith of her film career and was not only MGM s most popular star but also one of the ten highest paid women in the United States with annual earnings of 226 000 114 134 1948 1952 Studio rebranding and personal struggles Edit In late 1947 Turner was cast as Lady de Winter in The Three Musketeers her first Technicolor film 135 136 Around this time she began dating Henry J Bob Topping Jr a millionaire socialite and brother of New York Yankees owner Dan Topping and a grandson of tin plate magnate Daniel G Reid 97 Topping proposed to her at the 21 Club in New York City by dropping a diamond ring into her martini and they married shortly after in April 1948 at the Topping family mansion in Greenwich Connecticut 137 138 Turner s wedding celebrations interfered with her filming schedule for The Three Musketeers and she arrived to the set three days late 139 140 Studio head Louis B Mayer threatened to suspend her contract but Turner managed to leverage her box office draw with MGM to negotiate an expansion of her role in the film as well as a salary increase amounting to 5 000 per week 60 678 in 2021 dollars 43 141 142 The Three Musketeers went on to become a box office success earning 4 5 million 54 610 283 in 2021 dollars 43 143 but Turner s contract was put on temporary suspension by Mayer after production finished 144 After the release of The Three Musketeers Turner discovered she was pregnant in early 1949 she went into premature labor and gave birth to a stillborn baby boy in New York City 145 Turner with George Cukor on the set of A Life of Her Own 1950 In 1949 Turner was to star in A Life of Her Own 1950 a George Cukor directed drama about a woman who aspires to be a model in New York City The project was shelved for several months and Turner told journalists in December 1949 Everybody agrees that the script is still a pile of junk I m anxious to get started By the time this one comes out it will be almost three years since I was last on the screen in The Three Musketeers I don t think it s healthy to stay off the screen that long 146 Although unenthusiastic about the screenplay Turner agreed to appear in the film after executives promised her suspension would be lifted upon doing so 144 A Life of Her Own was among the least successful of Cukor s films receiving unfavorable reviews and low box office sales 147 On May 24 1950 Turner left her handprints and footprints in cement in front of Grauman s Chinese Theatre 148 In response to the poor reception for A Life of Her Own MGM attempted to rebrand Turner by casting her in musicals 149 The first Mr Imperium released in March 1951 was a box office flop and had Turner starring as an American woman who is wooed by a European prince 150 The script was stupid she recalled I fought against doing the picture but I lost 151 It earned her unfavorable reviews with one critic from the St Petersburg Times writing Without Lana Turner Mr Imperium would be a better picture 152 During this period Turner s personal finances were in disarray and she was facing bankruptcy 153 Suffering from depression over her career and financial problems she attempted suicide in September 1951 by slitting her wrists in a locked bathroom 154 She was saved by her business manager Benton Cole who broke down the bathroom door and called emergency medical services 154 The following year she began filming her second musical The Merry Widow During the shoot Turner began an affair with her co star Fernando Lamas which ended after Lamas physically assaulted her the incident also caused Lamas to lose his MGM contract upon the production s completion 155 The Merry Widow proved more commercially successful than Turner s previous musical Mr Imperium despite receiving unfavorable critical reviews 156 Turner s next project was opposite Kirk Douglas in Vincente Minnelli s The Bad and the Beautiful 1952 a drama focusing on the rise and fall of a Hollywood film mogul in which Turner portrayed an alcoholic movie star 157 The Bad and the Beautiful was both a critical and commercial success and earned her favorable reviews 158 A little over a week before the film s release in December 1952 Turner divorced her third husband Bob Topping 97 She later claimed Topping s drinking problem and excessive gambling as her impetus for the divorce 159 Her next film project was Latin Lovers 1953 a romantic musical in which Lamas had originally been cast He was replaced by Ricardo Montalban 160 1953 1957 MGM departure and film resurgence Edit In the spring of 1953 Turner relocated to Europe for 18 months to make two films under a tax credit for American productions shot abroad 161 The films were Flame and the Flesh in which she portrayed a manipulative woman who takes advantage of a musician and Betrayed an espionage thriller set in the Nazi occupied Netherlands the latter marked Turner s fourth and final film appearance opposite Clark Gable 162 In The New York Times Bosley Crowther wrote of Betrayed By the time this picture gets around to figuring out whether the betrayer is Miss Turner or Mr Mature it has taken the audience through such a lengthy and tedious amount of detail that it has not only frayed all possible tension but it has aggravated patience as well 163 Upon returning to the United States in September 1953 Turner married actor Lex Barker 97 whom she had been dating since their first meeting at a party held by Marion Davies in the summer of 1952 164 Turner in The Prodigal 1955 In 1955 MGM s new studio head Dore Schary had Turner star as a pagan temptress in the Biblical epic The Prodigal 1955 her first CinemaScope feature 165 166 She was reluctant to appear in the film because of the character s scanty atrocious costumes and stupid lines and during the shoot struggled to get along with co star Edmund Purdom whom she later described as a young man with a remarkably high opinion of himself 167 Variety deemed the film a big scale spectacle End result of all this flamboyant polish however is only fair entertainment 168 Turner was next cast in John Farrow s The Sea Chase 1955 an adventure film starring John Wayne in which she portrayed a femme fatale spy aboard a ship 169 The film released one month after The Prodigal was a commercial success 170 MGM then gave Turner the titular role of Diane de Poitiers in the period drama Diane 1956 which had originally been optioned by the studio in the 1930s for Greta Garbo 171 After completing Diane Turner was loaned to 20th Century Fox to headline The Rains of Ranchipur 1955 a remake of The Rains Came 1939 playing the wife of an aristocrat in the British Raj opposite Richard Burton 172 173 The production was rushed to accommodate a Christmas release and was completed in only three months but it received unfavorable reviews from critics 174 Meanwhile Diane was given a test screening in late December 1955 and was met with poor response from audiences 174 Though an elaborate marketing campaign was crafted to promote the film it was a box office flop 175 and MGM announced in February 1956 that it was opting not to renew Turner s contract 176 Turner gleefully told a reporter at the time that she was walking around in a daze I ve been sprung After 18 years at MGM I m a free agent I used to go on a bended knee to the front office and say please give me a decent story I ll work for nothing just give me a good story So what happened The last time I begged for a good story they gave me The Prodigal 177 At the time of her contract termination Turner s films had earned the studio more than 50 million 177 Turner and Betty Field in Peyton Place 1957 which earned Turner an Academy Award nomination In 1956 Turner discovered she was pregnant with Barker s child but gave birth to a stillborn baby girl seven months into the pregnancy 178 In July 1957 97 she filed for divorce from Barker after her daughter Cheryl alleged that he had regularly molested and raped her over the course of their marriage 179 180 According to Cheryl Turner confronted Barker before forcing him out of their home at gunpoint 181 Weeks after her divorce Turner began filming 20th Century Fox s Peyton Place in which she had been cast in the lead role of Constance MacKenzie a New England mother struggling to maintain a relationship with her teenage daughter 182 The film directed by Mark Robson was adapted from Grace Metalious best selling novel of the same name 183 Released in December 1957 Peyton Place was a major blockbuster success which worked in Turner s favor as she had agreed to take a percentage of the film s overall earnings instead of a salary 184 She also received critical acclaim with Variety noting that Turner looks elegant and registers strongly 185 and for the first and only time she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress 186 Though grateful for the nomination Turner would later state that she felt it was not one of my better roles 187 1958 1959 Johnny Stompanato homicide scandal Edit Main article Johnny Stompanato homicide Turner and Stompanato in Acapulco on April 1 1958 four days before he was stabbed to death by Turner s daughter In January 1958 Paramount Pictures released The Lady Takes a Flyer a romantic comedy in which Turner portrayed a female pilot 188 While shooting the film the previous spring she had begun receiving phone calls and flowers on the set from mobster Johnny Stompanato using the name John Steele 189 Stompanato had close ties to the Los Angeles underworld and gangster Mickey Cohen which he feared would dissuade her from dating him 190 He pursued Turner aggressively sending her various gifts 191 Turner was thoroughly intrigued and began casually dating him 192 After a friend informed her of who Stompanato actually was she confronted him and tried to break off the affair 193 Stompanato was not easily deterred and over the course of the following year they carried on a relationship filled with violent arguments physical abuse and repeated reconciliations 194 195 Turner would also claim that on one occasion he drugged her and took nude photographs of her while unconscious potentially to use as blackmail 196 In September 1957 Stompanato visited Turner in London where she was filming Another Time Another Place co starring Sean Connery 197 Their meeting was initially happy but they soon began fighting Stompanato became suspicious when Turner would not allow him to visit the set and during one fight he violently choked her 198 To avoid further confrontation Turner and her makeup artist Del Armstrong called Scotland Yard in order to have Stompanato deported 199 200 Stompanato got wind of the plan and showed up on the set with a gun threatening her and Connery 201 Connery answered by grabbing the gun out of Stompanato s hand and twisting his wrist causing him to run off the set 202 Turner and Armstrong later returned with two Scotland Yard detectives to the rented house where she and Stompanato were staying The detectives advised Stompanato to leave and escorted him out of the house and to the airport where he boarded a plane back to the U S 203 On the evening of March 26 1958 Turner attended the Academy Awards to observe her nomination for Peyton Place and present the award for Best Supporting Actor 204 Stompanato angered that he did not attend with her awaited her return home that evening whereupon he physically assaulted her 205 Around 8 00 p m on Friday April 4 Stompanato arrived at Turner s rented home at 730 North Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills 206 207 The two began arguing heatedly in the bedroom during which Stompanato threatened to kill Turner her daughter Cheryl and her mother 194 Fearing that her mother s life was in danger Cheryl who had been watching television in an adjacent room grabbed a kitchen knife and ran to Turner s defense 208 According to testimony provided by Turner Stompanato died at the scene when Cheryl who had been listening to the couple s fight behind the closed door stabbed Stompanato in the stomach when Turner attempted to usher him out of the bedroom 209 Turner testified that she initially believed Cheryl had punched him but realized Stompanato had been stabbed when he collapsed and she saw blood on his shirt 209 Turner center with ex husband Steve Crane and mother Mildred at Cheryl s juvenile court hearing April 24 1958 Because of Turner s fame and the fact that the killing involved her teenage daughter the case quickly became a media sensation 210 More than 100 reporters and journalists attended the April 12 1958 inquest described by attendees as near riotous 211 After four hours of testimony and approximately 25 minutes of deliberation the jury deemed the killing a justifiable homicide 212 213 Cheryl remained a temporary ward of the court until April 24 when a juvenile court hearing was held during which the judge expressed concerns over her receiving proper parental supervision 213 She was ultimately released to the care of her grandmother and was ordered to regularly visit a psychiatrist alongside her parents 213 Though Turner and her daughter were exonerated of any wrongdoing public opinion on the event was varied with numerous publications intimating that Turner s testimony at the inquest was a performance Life magazine published a photo of Turner testifying in court along with stills of her in courtroom scenes from three of her films 214 The scandal also coincided with the release of Another Time Another Place and the film was met with poor box office receipts and a lackluster critical response 215 Stompanato s family sought a wrongful death suit of 750 000 in damages against both Turner and her ex husband Steve Crane In the suit Stompanato s son alleged that Turner had been responsible for his death and that her daughter had taken the blame 216 The suit was settled out of court for a reported 20 000 in May 1962 217 A 1962 novel by Harold Robbins entitled Where Love Has Gone and its subsequent film adaptation were inspired by the event 218 1959 1965 Financial successes Edit In the wake of negative publicity related to Stompanato s death Turner accepted the lead role in Ross Hunter s remake of Imitation of Life 1959 under the direction of Douglas Sirk 219 She portrayed a struggling stage actress who makes personal sacrifices to further her career 220 The production was difficult for Turner given the recent events of her personal life and she suffered a panic attack on the first day of filming 221 Her co star Juanita Moore recalled that Turner cried for three days after filming a scene in which Moore s character dies 222 When she returned to the set her face was so swollen she couldn t work Moore said 223 Turner in Imitation of Life 1959 Released in the spring of 1959 Imitation of Life was among the year s biggest successes and the biggest of Turner s career by opting to receive 50 of the film s earnings rather than receiving a salary she earned more than two million dollars 224 Imitation of Life made more than 50 million in box office receipts 225 Reviews were mixed 226 although Variety praised her performance writing Turner plays a character of changing moods and her changes are remarkably effective as she blends love and understanding sincerity and ambition The growth of maturity is reflected neatly in her distinguished portrayal 227 Critics and audiences could not help noticing that the plots of Peyton Place and Imitation of Life both seemed to mirror certain parts of Turner s private life resulting in comparisons she found painful 228 Both films depicted the troubled complicated relationship between a single mother and her teenage daughter 229 During this time Turner s daughter Cheryl privately came out as a lesbian to her parents who were both supportive of her 212 Despite this Cheryl ran away from home multiple times and the press wrote about her rebelliousness 224 230 Worried she was still suffering from the trauma of Stompanato s death Turner sent Cheryl to the Institute of Living in Hartford Connecticut 231 Shortly before the release of Imitation of Life in the spring of 1959 Turner was cast in a lead role in Otto Preminger s Anatomy of a Murder but walked off the set over a wardrobe disagreement effectively dropping out of the production 232 233 She was replaced by Lee Remick 234 Instead Turner took a lead role as a disturbed socialite in the film noir Portrait in Black 1960 opposite Anthony Quinn and Sandra Dee which was a box office success despite bad reviews 235 236 Ray Duncan of the Independent Star News wrote that Turner suffers prettily through it all like a fashion model with a tight fitting shoe 237 In November 1960 Turner married her fifth husband Frederick Fred May a rancher and member of the May department store family whom she had met at a beach party in Malibu shortly after filming Imitation of Life 238 Turner moved in with him on his ranch in Chino California where the two took care of horses and other animals 239 217 The following year she made her final film at MGM with Bob Hope in Bachelor in Paradise 1961 a romantic comedy about an investigative writer Hope working on a book about the wives of a lavish California community the film received a mostly positive critical reception 240 Upon completing filming Turner collected the remaining 92 000 from her pension fund with MGM 241 The same year she starred in By Love Possessed 1961 based on a bestselling novel by James Gould Cozzens 242 The film became the first in flight movie to be shown on a regular basis on a scheduled airline flight when TWA showed it to its first class passengers 243 In mid 1962 Turner filmed Who s Got the Action a comedy in which she portrayed the wife of a gambling addict opposite Dean Martin 244 In September of that year 245 Turner and May separated divorcing shortly after in October 97 They remained friends throughout her later life 33 In 1965 she met Hollywood producer and businessman Robert Eaton who was ten years her junior through business associates 246 The two married in June of that year at his family s home in Arlington Virginia 247 1966 1985 Later films television and theatre Edit Turner s role in Madame X 1966 earned her a David di Donatello Golden Plaque In 1966 Turner had her last major starring role in the courtroom drama film Madame X based on the 1904 play by Alexandre Bisson in which Turner portrayed a lower class woman who marries into a wealthy family 248 A review in the Chicago Tribune praised her performance noting when she takes the stand in the final with Keir Dullea courtroom scene her face resembling a dust bowl victory garden it s the most devastating denouement since Barbara Fritchie poked her head out the window 249 Kaspar Monahan of the Pittsburgh Press lauded her performance writing Her performance I think is far and away her very best even rating Oscar consideration in next year s Academy Award race unless the culture snobs gang up against her 250 The role earned Turner a David di Donatello Golden Plaque Award for Best Foreign Actress that year 251 In late 1968 she began filming the low budget thriller The Big Cube in which she portrayed a glamorous heiress being dosed with LSD by her stepdaughter in hopes of driving her insane and receiving the family estate 252 One critic deemed Turner s acting in the film strained and amateurish and declared it one of her poorest performances 253 In April 1969 254 Turner filed for divorce from Eaton after four years of marriage upon discovering he had been unfaithful to her 255 Weeks later on May 9 1969 she married Ronald Pellar a nightclub hypnotist whom she had met at a Los Angeles disco 256 According to Turner Pellar also known as Ronald Dante or Dr Dante 257 falsely claimed to have been raised in Singapore and to have a Ph D in psychology 258 Turner in The Big Cube 1969 With few film offers coming in Turner signed on to appear in the television series Harold Robbins The Survivors 259 Premiering in September 1969 the series was given a major national marketing campaign with billboards featuring life sized images of Turner 260 Despite ABC s extensive publicity campaign and the presence of other big name stars the program fared badly and it was canceled halfway into the season after a 15 week run in 1970 260 Meanwhile after six months of marriage Turner discovered Pellar had stolen 35 000 she had given him for an investment 261 In addition she later accused him of stealing 100 000 worth of jewelry from her 261 Pellar denied the accusations and no charges were filed against him 262 She filed for divorce in January 1970 97 after which she claimed to be celibate for the remainder of her life 263 264 Turner married a total of eight times to seven different husbands 212 and later famously said My goal was to have one husband and seven children but it turned out to be the other way around 102 Turner returned to feature films with a lead role in the 1974 British horror film Persecution in which she played a disturbed wealthy woman tormenting her son 265 Variety noted of her performance Under the circumstances Turner s performance as Carrie the perverted dame of the English manor has reasonable poise 266 In April 1975 Turner spoke at a retrospective gala in New York City examining her career which was attended by Andy Warhol Sylvia Miles Rex Reed and numerous fans 267 Her next film was Bittersweet Love 1976 a romantic comedy in which she portrayed the mother of a woman who unwittingly marries her half brother 268 Lawrence Van Gelder of The New York Times wrote that the film served as a reminder that Miss Turner was never one of our subtler actresses 269 In the early 1970s Turner transitioned to theater beginning with a production of Forty Carats which toured various East Coast cities in 1971 270 A review in The Philadelphia Inquirer noted Miss Turner always could wear clothes well and her Forty Carats is a fashion show in the guise of a frothy little comedy It wasn t much of a play even when Julie Harris was doing it and it all but disappears under the old time Hollywood glamor of Miss Turner s star presence 271 In 1975 Turner gave a single performance as Jessica Poole in The Pleasure of His Company opposite Louis Jourdan at the Arlington Park Theater in Chicago 272 From 1976 to 1978 she starred in a touring production of Bell Book and Candle playing Gillian Holroyd 273 274 Critic Elaine Matas noted of a 1977 performance that Turner was brilliant and the bright spot in an otherwise mediocre play 275 In the fall of 1978 she appeared in a Chicago production of Divorce Me Darling an original play in which she portrayed a San Francisco divorce attorney 276 During rehearsals a stagehand told reporters that Turner was the hardest working broad I ve known 277 Richard Christiansen of the Chicago Tribune praised her performance writing that though she is still a very nervous and inexpert actress she is giving by far her most winning performance 276 Between 1979 and 1980 Turner returned to theater appearing in Murder Among Friends a murder mystery play that showed in various U S cities 278 279 280 During this time Turner was in the midst of a self described downhill slide 281 She was suffering from an alcohol addiction that had begun in the late 1950s 270 was missing performances and weighed only 95 pounds 43 kg 281 In 1980 Turner made her final feature film appearance alongside Teri Garr in the comedy horror film Witches Brew The same year she had what she referred to as a religious awakening and again began practicing her Catholic faith 282 283 On October 25 1981 the National Film Society presented Turner with an Artistry in Cinema award 284 In December 1981 it was announced that Turner would appear as the mysterious Jacqueline Perrault in an episode of Falcon Crest 285 marking her first television role in 12 years 286 Her appearance was a ratings success and her character returned for an additional five episodes 287 In January 1982 Turner reprised her role in Murder Among Friends which toured throughout the U S that year paired with Bob Fosse s Dancin the play earned a combined gross of 400 000 during one week at Pittsburgh s Heinz Hall in June 1982 288 In September Turner released an autobiography entitled Lana The Lady the Legend the Truth 289 She subsequently guest starred on an episode of The Love Boat in 1985 290 which marked her final on screen appearance 1986 1995 Illness and death Edit Turner was a regular drinker 270 and cigarette smoker for most of her life 291 292 During her contract with MGM photographs that showed her holding cigarettes had to be airbrushed at the studio s request in an effort to conceal her smoking 291 In her early 60s Turner stopped drinking to preserve her health 283 but she was unable to quit smoking 258 She was diagnosed with throat cancer in the spring of 1992 293 294 In a press release she stated that the cancer had been detected early and had not damaged her vocal cords or larynx 294 She underwent exploratory surgery to remove the cancer 294 but it had metastasized to her jaw and lungs 295 After undergoing radiation therapy 292 Turner announced that she was in full remission in early 1993 296 The cancer was found to have returned in July 1994 297 In September 1994 Turner made her final public appearance at the San Sebastian International Film Festival in Spain to accept a Lifetime Achievement Award 298 and was confined to a wheelchair for much of the event 292 She died nine months later at the age of 74 on June 29 1995 of complications from the cancer at her home in Century City Los Angeles with her daughter by her side 212 299 According to Cheryl Turner s death was a total shock as she had appeared to be in better health and had recently completed seven weeks of radiation therapy 264 Turner s remains were cremated and given to Cheryl Multiple accounts have the ashes still in Cheryl s possession while other accounts say the ashes were scattered in the ocean but which ocean and location varies by the sources 300 301 Cheryl and her partner Joyce LeRoy whom Turner said she accepted as a second daughter 302 inherited some of Turner s personal effects and 50 000 in Turner s will Her estate was estimated in court documents to be worth 1 7 million Turner left the majority of her estate to her maid Carmen Lopez Cruz who had been her companion for 45 years and caregiver during her final illness 303 Cheryl challenged the will and Cruz said that the majority of the estate was consumed by probate costs legal fees and medical expenses 304 Public and screen persona EditDespite the reams of copy that have been written about me even the supposedly private Lana the press has never had any sense of who I am they ve even missed my humor my love of gaiety and color Humor has been the balm of my life but it s been reserved for those closest to me Turner on her representation in press 305 When Turner was discovered MGM executive Mervyn LeRoy envisioned her as a replacement for the recently deceased Jean Harlow and began developing her image as a sex symbol 306 In They Won t Forget 1937 and Love Finds Andy Hardy 1938 she embodied an innocent sexuality portraying ingenues 307 Film historian Jeanine Basinger notes that she represented the girl who d rather sit on the diving board to show off her figure than get wet in the water the girl who d rather kiss than kibbitz 52 In her early films Turner did not color her auburn hair see Dancing Co Ed 1939 in which she was billed the red headed sensation who brought it back to the screen 308 1941 s Ziegfeld Girl was the first film to showcase Turner with platinum blonde hair which she wore for much of the remainder of her life and for which she came to be known 309 Turner in 1944 After Turner s first marriage in 1940 columnist Louella Parsons wrote If Lana Turner will behave herself and not go completely berserk she is headed for a top spot in motion pictures She is the most glamorous actress since Jean Harlow 310 She also likened her to Clara Bow adding Both of them trusting and lovable use their hearts instead of their heads Lana has always acted hastily and been guided more by her own ideas than by any advance any studio gave her 69 By the mid 1940s Turner had been married and divorced three times had given birth to her daughter Cheryl and had numerous publicized affairs 224 307 However her image in 1946 s The Postman Always Rings Twice marked a departure from her strictly sex symbol screen persona to that of a full fledged femme fatale 307 By the 1950s both critics and audiences began noting parallels between Turner s rocky personal life and the roles she played 311 The likeness was most evident in Peyton Place and Imitation of Life both films in which Turner portrayed single mothers struggling to maintain relationships with their teenage daughters 312 Film scholar Richard Dyer cites Turner as an example of one of Hollywood s earliest stars whose publicized private life perceptibly inflected their careers Her career is marked by an unusually even spectacularly high degree of interpenetration between her publicly available private life and her films not only do her vehicles furnish characters and situations in accord with her off screen image but frequently incidents in them echo incidents in her life so that by the end of her career films like Peyton Place Imitation of Life Madame X and Love Has Many Faces seem in parts like mere illustrations of her life 313 Basinger echoes similar sentiments noting that Turner was often cast only in roles that were symbolic of what the public knew or thought they knew of her life from headlines she made as a person not as a movie character Her person became her persona 314 In addition Basinger credits Turner as the first mainstream female star to take the male prerogative openly for herself publicly indulging in romances and affairs that in turn fueled the publicity surrounding her 315 Film scholar Jessica Hope Jordan considers Turner an implosion of both a real life image and star image and suggests that she utilized one to mask the other thus rendering her representative of the ultimate femme fatale 316 Columnist Dorothy Kilgallen took note of the intersections between Turner s life and screen persona early in her career writing in 1946 Lana Turner is a super star for many reasons but chiefly because she is the same off screen as she is on Some of the stars are magnetic dazzlers on celluloid and ordinary practical polo coated little things in private life Not so Lana No one who adored her in movies would be disappointed to meet her in the flesh The flesh is the same The biography is as colorful as any plot she has ever romped through on screen The clothes she wears are just like the clothes you pay to see her in on Saturday night at the Bijou The physical allure is just as heavy when she looks at a headwaiter as when she looks at a hero 317 Turner in 1943 Historians have cited Turner as one of the most glamorous film stars of all time an association that was made both during her lifetime 318 319 320 and after her death 186 Commenting on her image she once told a journalist Forsaking glamour is like forsaking my identity It s an image I ve worked too hard to obtain and preserve 4 Michael Gordon who directed Turner in Portrait in Black remembered her as a very talented actress whose chief reliability was what I regarded as impoverished taste Lana was not a dummy and she would give me wonderful rationalizations why she should wear pendant earrings They had nothing to do with the role but they had to do with her particular self image 321 According to her daughter Turner s obsessive attention to detail often resulted in dressmakers storming out during dress fittings 322 No matter the setting Turner also took care to ensure she was always camera ready wearing jewelry and makeup even while lounging in sweatpants 323 Turner often purchased her favorite styles of shoes in every available color at one time accumulating 698 pairs 324 She favored the designers Salvatore Ferragamo Jean Louis Helen Rose and Nolan Miller 322 325 Film historians Joe Morella and Edward Epstein have observed that unlike many female stars Turner wasn t resented by female fans and that women made up a large part of her fan base in later years 326 Turner maintained her glamorous image into her late career a 1966 film review characterized her as the glitter and glamour of Hollywood 4 While she consistently embraced her glamorous persona she was also vocal about her dedication to acting 121 and attained a reputation as a versatile hard working performer 11 She was an admirer of Bette Davis whom she cited as her favorite actress 218 Legacy EditMain article Lana Turner in popular culture Turner by Paul Hesse 1946 Turner has been noted by historians as a sex symbol a popular culture icon 4 314 and a symbol of the American Dream fulfilled Because of her being discovered at a soda fountain has become almost as cherished an ideal as being born in a log cabin 4 Critic Leonard Maltin noted in 2005 that Turner came to crystallize the opulent heights to which show business could usher a small town girl as well as its darkest most tragic and narcissistic depths 327 She has also been cited by scholars as a gay icon because of her glamorous persona and triumphs over personal struggles 328 While discussions surrounding Turner have largely been based on her cultural prevalence little scholarly study has been undertaken on her career 329 and opinion of her legacy as an actress has divided critics Upon Turner s death John Updike wrote in The New Yorker that she was a faded period piece an old fashioned glamour queen whose fifty four films over four decades didn t amount retrospectively to much As a performer she was purely a studio made product 330 Defenders of Turner s acting ability such as Jessica Hope Jordan 331 and James Robert Parish 332 cite her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice as an argument for the value of her work Turner s role in the film has also caused her to be frequently associated with film noir and the femme fatale archetype in critical circles 333 334 335 In a 1973 Films in Review retrospective on her career Turner was referred to as a master of the motion picture technique and a hardworking craftsman 336 Jeanine Basinger has similarly championed Turner s acting writing of her performance in The Bad and the Beautiful None of the sex symbols who have been touted as actresses not Hayworth or Gardner or Taylor or Monroe have ever given such a fine performance 337 Because of the intersections between Turner s high profile glamorous persona and storied often troubled personal life she is included in critical discussions about the Hollywood studio system specifically its capitalization on its stars private travails 329 Basinger considers her the epitome of the Hollywood machine made stardom 338 Turner has also been cited in scholarly discussions of women s sexuality 339 Copies of the poem Lana Turner has Collapsed 1964 by Frank O Hara at the Museum of the City of New York Turner has been depicted and referenced in numerous works across literature film music and art She was the subject of the poem Lana Turner has collapsed by Frank O Hara 340 and was depicted as a minor character in James Ellroy s novel L A Confidential 1990 341 The Stompanato murder and its aftermath were also the basis of the Harold Robbins novel Where Love Has Gone 1962 218 In popular music Turner was referenced in songs recorded by Nina Simone 342 and Frank Sinatra 343 and was the source of the stage name of singer songwriter Lana Del Rey 344 345 In 2002 artist Eloy Torrez included Turner in an outdoor mural Portrait of Hollywood painted on the auditorium of Hollywood High School her alma mater 346 Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6241 Hollywood Boulevard 11 In 2012 Complex named her the eighth most infamous actress of all time 347 Filmography and credits EditMain article Lana Turner performances and awardsNotes Edit Turner pronounced her first name LAH ne 1 2 and remarked her dislike for the alternate pronunciation LAN e ˈ l ae n e In a 1982 interview Joan Rivers asked Turner how she preferred her name be spoken and she joked Please if you say Lan ah I shall slaughter you 3 Some sources claim Turner s birth name to be Julia Jean Mildred Frances Turner However Turner notes in her autobiography that her birth certificate lists Julia Jean Turner as her official birth name 8 She writes that she later adopted the middle names Mildred and Frances saints names as well as the given and middle names of her mother after converting to Catholicism 9 Some sources including the San Francisco Chronicle 10 and Los Angeles Times s Hollywood Walk of Fame series 11 erroneously report her birth year as 1920 However in her memoir Turner cited her birth certificate as reading 1921 8 and her daughter again confirmed this as her birth year in 2008 12 Per the official city of Wallace website the Turner home in Wallace was located at 217 Bank Street immediately west of downtown Wallace The home is located within the Wallace Historic District which is on the National Register of Historic Places OMB no 1024 0018 19 An article published in the Los Angeles Times in 1995 after Turner s death recounts the varied retellings of her discovery and notes their status as show business legends A 2001 documentary on Turner refers to her discovery as the most legendary star discovery story in Hollywood 37 Turner would dismiss the widely circulated version that had the event occurring at Schwab s Pharmacy insisting she met William R Wilkerson at the Top Hat Malt Shop while drinking a Coca Cola 38 References Edit Basinger 1976 p 24 Busch 1940 p 65 Turner Lana September 28 1982 Joan Rivers interviews Lana Turner The Tonight Show Interview Interviewed by Joan Rivers NBC a b c d e Fields 2007 p 109 Turner 1982 p 65 Lana Turner Official Now Eugene Register Guard Eugene Oregon UP May 7 1950 p 6D via Google News a b Squire Nancy Winslow May 1943 The Strange Case of Lana Turner Modern Screen p 32 ISSN 0026 8429 via Internet Archive a b c Turner 1982 p 9 a b c d Turner 1982 p 14 a b San Francisco Chronicle Staff July 3 1995 Editorial Lana Turner 1920 1995 San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved July 28 2018 a b c Los Angeles Times Staff June 30 1995 Lana Turner Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk Retrieved May 23 2018 Crane amp De La Hoz 2008 p 16 Fernandes Charles July 3 1995 A star was born in Idaho Wallace folks remember Turner s early years Her family moved to San Francisco when she was 6 years old Lewiston Tribune Lewiston Idaho Retrieved June 25 2017 Grever Brindley May 15 1941 Lana Turner Born in Wallace Idaho Twenty Years Ago Now a Star Spokane Daily Chronicle Spokane Washington p 16 via Google News Turner 1982 pp 10 11 Turner 1982 pp 9 10 Turner 1982 p 10 Buenneke Troy D 1991 Burke Idaho 1884 1925 The Rise and Fall of a Mining Community Idaho Yesterdays Idaho Yesterdays Vol 35 36 Idaho Historical Society p 26 ISSN 0019 1264 Marsh Greg Lana Turner lived in Historic Wallace City of Wallace Idaho Archived from the original on December 13 2007 Retrieved August 26 2017 Bamont amp Jacobson 2017 p 161 a b c Basinger 1976 p 19 a b c d Los Angeles Times Staff June 30 1995 Lana Turner Glamorous Star of 50 Films Dies at 75 Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on August 11 2016 Wayne 2003 p 164 Turner 1982 p 15 a b Wayne 2003 pp 164 165 Turner 1982 p 18 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 11 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 12 a b Turner 1982 p 13 Fischer 1991 p 22 Basinger 1976 p 21 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 7 a b c d e f Turner Lana September 29 1982 Guest Lana Turner The Phil Donahue Show Interview Interviewed by Phil Donahue Multimedia Entertainment a b c Wayne 2003 p 165 a b Valentino 1976 p 18 Basinger 1976 p 27 Langer 2001 event occurs at 05 20 a b c Wilkerson W R III July 1 1995 Writing the End to a True to Life Cinderella Story Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 23 2018 Fields 2007 p 79 Lewis 2017 p 91 Lawson amp Rufus 2000 p 41 a b Busch 1940 p 64 a b c d e 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved April 16 2022 Turner 1982 p 24 Busch 1940 p 63 Langer 2001 at 6 05 a b Wayne 2003 p 166 Fischer 1991 p 187 Langer 2001 event occurs at 6 40 Jordan 2009 p 221 Valentino 1976 p 63 a b Basinger 1976 p 31 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 29 Langer 2001 event occurs at 7 00 Breuer 1989 p 129 Langer 2001 event occurs at 7 55 Turner 1982 pp 34 35 Dennis 2007 p 97 Langer 2001 event occurs at 9 08 a b c d Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 33 Conklin 2009 p 116 McPherson Colvin September 2 1939 Thumbnail Reviews of New Movies St Louis Post Dispatch St Louis MO p 5 via Newspapers com Conklin 2009 p 170 a b c d Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 35 Crane 1988 pp 39 43 Langer 2001 event occurs at 13 20 Turner 1982 p 40 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 40 a b c Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 41 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 42 Barton 2010 p 101 Langer 2001 event occurs at 15 18 Valentino 1976 p 97 Holliday Kate June 6 1943 Glamor Palling on Lana The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Maryland p 55 via Newspapers com Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 49 Langer 2001 event occurs at 17 10 Crane amp De La Hoz 2008 pp 34 185 331 Speaking of Pictures These Freudian Montage Shots Show Mental State of Jekyll Changing to Hyde Life Time Inc August 25 1941 pp 14 16 ISSN 0024 3019 via Google Books a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 50 Schatz 1999 p 111 Time Staff August 11 1941 Review Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Time Vol XXXVIII no 6 Time Inc p 4 ISSN 0040 781X Basinger 1976 pp 51 53 Wayne 2003 p 173 Gable and Lana Turner Star San Jose Evening News San Jose California October 17 1942 p 4 via Google News Wayne 2003 p 174 Langer 2001 event occurs at 21 05 Basinger 1976 p 54 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 51 Agee James February 23 1942 Cinema The New Pictures Time Retrieved May 28 2018 Fischer 1991 pp 187 189 Langer 2001 event occurs at 33 33 a b c Lana s Kisses Sell Bonds Without Her Fancy Speech The Pittsburgh Press Pittsburgh Pennsylvania June 25 1942 p 1 via Newspapers com Lana s Kisses Really Sell Eugene Register Guard Eugene Oregon June 12 1942 p 1 via Newspapers com Burnt Norton Turner 1982 p 81 Langer 2001 event occurs at 33 53 427 World War II Photos a b c d e f g h Valentino 1976 p 28 Turner 1982 p 66 Langer 2001 event occurs at 24 20 a b Basinger 1976 pp 141 142 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 69 a b Parish 2011 p 249 Turner 1982 pp 9 85 142 Turner 1982 p 68 Turner 1982 p 70 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 69 70 Langer 2001 event occurs at 27 00 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 68 Crowther Bosley April 2 1943 Slightly Dangerous a Comedy Wherein Lana Turner Robert Young Appear at Capitol Saint Film at the Palace The New York Times p 17 Retrieved June 14 2018 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 68 69 Turner 1982 p 77 Jordan 2011 p 232 Valentino 1976 p 133 a b c Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 82 Valentino 1976 p 135 Maslin Janet April 26 1981 The Story is the Same But Hollywood Has Changed The New York Times Retrieved May 23 2018 Brook 2013 p 120 Langer 2001 event occurs at 36 18 Langer 2001 event occurs at 38 45 Movie of the Week The Postman Always Rings Twice Life Time Inc April 29 1946 p 129 ISSN 0024 3019 via Google Books a b c d e f MacPherson Virginia October 12 1946 Heavy Drama Her Dish Now Says Lana Democrat and Chronicle Rochester New York p 11 via Newspapers com a b Manners Dorothy August 3 1946 Lana Turner To Play Lead In Green Dolphin Street St Petersburg Times St Petersburg Florida p 13 via Newspapers com Langer 2001 event occurs at 39 40 Bellows 2006 p 192 a b Wayne 2003 p 178 Langer 2001 event occurs at 32 44 Brown amp Broeske 2004 pp 199 201 Cass Timberlane American Film Institute Catalog Archived from the original on June 18 2018 Manners Dorothy August 3 1946 News Of The Movies The San Antonio Light San Antonio Texas p 6 via Newspaper Archive McClelland 1992 p 292 Variety Staff December 31 1946 Cass Timberlane Variety Retrieved May 25 2018 a b Parsons Louella August 12 1947 Hepburn s Screen Career Unaffected by Frankness St Petersburg Times St Petersburg Florida p 8 via Newspapers com Valentino 1976 p 158 Langer 2001 event occurs at 42 51 Langer 2001 event occurs at 44 12 Basinger 1976 p 77 Crane 1988 pp 93 97 Langer 2001 event occurs at 43 47 Langer 2001 event occurs at 44 05 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 111 113 Langer 2001 event occurs at 44 45 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 112 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 122 a b Turner 1982 p 122 Turner 1982 pp 115 116 Thomas Bob December 7 1949 Lana Turner Says She Is Now the Home Girl Type The Post Register Idaho Falls Idaho p 9 via Newspapers com Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 127 Lana Turner leaves Footprints At Grauman s Chinese Theater Morning Avalanche Newspaper Lubbock Texas May 24 1950 p 24 Shipman 1970 p 526 Valentino 1976 pp 171 173 Turner 1982 p 124 Pinza Is Tops Lana Is Dull In Mr Imperium St Petersburg Times St Petersburg Florida November 6 1951 p 8 via Newspapers com Langer 2001 event occurs at 53 37 a b Turner 1982 p 129 Langer 2001 event occurs at 56 23 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 135 136 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 132 133 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 139 140 Turner 1982 pp 126 134 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 136 139 Langer 2001 event occurs at 59 00 Langer 2001 event occurs at 59 49 Crowther Bosley September 9 1954 The Screen in Review Betrayed War Story Opens at the State The New York Times p 36 Retrieved June 18 2018 Turner 1982 p 132 Parish amp Bowers 1973 p 777 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 155 Turner 1982 p 146 Variety Staff December 31 1954 The Prodigal Variety Retrieved June 17 2018 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 156 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 160 Valentino 1976 p 211 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 158 159 Valentino 1976 p 207 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 161 Parish amp Bowers 1973 p 745 Wayne 2003 p 183 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 162 Turner 1982 p 154 Crane 1988 p 167 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 01 15 Archer Greg November 26 2008 The Kid Stays in the Picture The Advocate Archived from the original on January 5 2013 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 175 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 08 20 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 08 25 Variety Staff December 31 1957 Peyton Place Variety Retrieved May 29 2018 a b Kashner amp MacNair 2002 p 254 Turner 1982 p 181 Basinger 1976 p 115 Turner 1982 p 158 Turner 1982 pp 200 203 Turner 1982 pp 159 161 Turner 1982 p 161 Turner 1982 pp 163 165 a b Feldstein 2000 p 120 Turner 1982 pp 160 191 Turner 1982 p 205 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 177 182 Turner 1982 pp 168 169 Fischer 1991 p 217 Turner 1982 pp 169 172 Wayne 2003 p 185 Kohn 2001 p 388 Turner 1982 p 170 Turner 1982 p 180 Turner 1982 pp 183 187 Turner 1982 p 190 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 186 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 188 a b Lewis 2017 p 94 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 195 Feldstein 2000 pp 120 121 a b c d Crane Cheryl August 8 2001 Lana Turner s Daughter Tells Her Story CNN Interview Interviewed by Larry King Retrieved May 9 2018 a b c Turner 1982 p 203 Feldstein 2000 p 122 Valentino 1976 p 221 Smith Doug August 15 2015 In a 1958 inquest killing of Lana Turner s boyfriend was detailed Los Angeles Times Retrieved July 27 2018 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 233 a b c Erickson 2017 p 119 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 19 15 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 215 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 217 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 20 05 Langer 2001 event occurs at 1 20 09 a b c Thomas Bob May 8 1957 Lana Turner Says She s Had It Won t Marry Again Port Angeles Evening News Port Angeles Washington Associated Press p 12 via Newspapers com Kashner amp MacNair 2002 p 267 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 219 Variety Staff December 31 1959 Imitation of Life Variety Retrieved June 17 2018 Turner 1982 p 208 Kashner amp MacNair 2002 p 257 Turner 1982 pp 215 221 Turner 1982 p 221 Lana Turner Gives Up Movie Role La Grande Observer La Grande Oregon March 5 1959 p 7 via Newspapers com Turner 1982 pp 263 265 Thomas 1997 p 191 Wayne 2003 p 187 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 223 Duncan Ray July 3 1960 Lana Turner Suspense Film Strains Credibility Independent Star News Pasadena California p 39 via Newspapers com Turner 1982 p 210 Turner 1982 p 217 Wayne 2003 p 188 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 236 Valentino 1976 p 234 Slide 1998 p 101 Valentino 1976 p 240 Lana Turner Fifth Husband Separate No Divorce Yet Deseret News and Telegram Salt Lake City Utah September 23 1962 p C7 via Google News Turner 1982 p 223 Turner 1982 pp 226 Valentino 1976 pp 247 249 Terry Clifford March 14 1966 Lana Makes Melodrama Madame X Credible Chicago Tribune Chicago Illinois p 59 via Newspapers com Monahan Kaspar March 31 1966 Lana Turner at Her Peak in Madame X Pittsburgh Press Pittsburgh Pennsylvania p 32 via Newspapers com Valentino 1976 p 251 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 260 Kong William T September 13 1969 Lana Turner Big Zero in Big Cube Des Moines Tribune Des Moines Iowa p 4 via Newspapers com Milestones April 11 1969 Time April 11 1969 Archived from the original on April 6 2008 Retrieved June 25 2017 Turner 1982 p 232 Turner 1982 pp 286 287 Turner 1982 pp 232 233 a b Turner 1982 p 233 All Star Line up for Love Los Angeles Times December 5 1968 p 26 via Newspapers com a b Robbins 2008 p 222 a b Jordan 2009 p 227 Jones J Harry August 5 2006 The amazing Dr Dante has seen it all The San Diego Union Tribune San Diego California Archived from the original on July 4 2014 Chambers Andrea Adelson Suzanne November 8 1982 Lana Turner People 18 19 Archived from the original on December 3 2013 a b Thomas Bob July 1 1995 Peyton Place Star Lana Turner Dies The Times and Democrat Orangeburg South Carolina Associated Press p 12 via Newspapers com Valentino 1976 pp 255 257 Variety Staff December 31 1973 Persecution Variety Retrieved June 14 2018 Quinn Sally April 22 1975 Camp followers The Guardian London p 15 via Newspapers com Valentino 1976 p 288 Van Gelder Lawrence March 24 1977 Film Dilemma of Incest The New York Times Retrieved May 23 2018 a b c Turner 1982 p 245 Collins William B July 21 1971 40 Carats Shines With Lana s Glamor The Philadelphia Inquirer Philadelphia Pennsylvania p 18 via Newspapers com Valentino 1976 p 284 Shearer Lloyd August 28 1977 Lana s Lectures San Bernardino Sun San Bernardino California p 113 via California Digital Newspaper Collection Gussow Mel July 22 1977 Along the Straw Hat Trail The New York Times Retrieved May 23 2018 Matas Elaine Sweater Girl of the 40s brilliant in Bell Book and Candle at Lakewood Standard Speaker Hazleton Pennsylvania p 26 via Newspapers com a b Christiansen Richard November 3 1978 Lana Turner in Divorce Entertains Just Being Lana Chicago Tribune p 39 via Newspapers com Lana Turner Detroit Free Press Names amp Faces Detroit Michigan October 29 1978 p 45 via Newspapers com Smith Helen C January 4 1979 Music Dance Drama Comedy Highlight Winter Play Season The Atlanta Constitution Atlanta Georgia via Newspapers com Gold Aaron June 21 1979 Tower Ticker Chicago Tribune p 6 via Newspapers com Jacobs Jody September 3 1980 An Evening for Danish Honors Los Angeles Times p 67 via Newspapers com a b Turner 1982 p 248 Flint Peter B June 30 1995 Lana Turner the Sultry Actress Is Dead at 75 The New York Times Retrieved April 29 2015 a b Turner 1982 pp 248 249 Speed F Maurice Cameron Wilson James 1982 Letter from Hollywood Film Review London W H Allen 118 ISSN 0957 1809 Lana Turner takes to the tube Wilmington Morning Star Wilmington Delaware December 23 1981 p 2C via Google News Lana Turner to Appear On CBS s Falcon Crest The New York Times December 26 1981 Retrieved March 21 2017 Gritten David October 18 1982 Falcon Crest Soars People 18 16 Retrieved May 29 2018 Anderson George June 28 1982 PPT s Shaktman led city s theatrical renaissance Pittsburgh Post Gazette Pittsburgh Pennsylvania p 19 via Newspapers com Lawson Wayne September 5 1982 Screen Beauty Tells All The New York Times Retrieved May 24 2018 Davis William February 15 1985 Clear Seas For Love Boat Chicago Tribune Chicago Retrieved March 20 2017 a b Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 26 a b c Parish 2001 p 239 Lana Turner reveals she has throat cancer The Union Democrat Sonora California May 26 1992 p 5A Retrieved June 25 2017 via Google News a b c Lana Turner recovering after throat cancer surgery United Press International UPI May 26 1992 Retrieved May 25 2018 Malcolm Derek July 1 1995 Queen and knaves The Guardian London p 30 via Newspapers com People St Paul Pioneer Press St Paul Minnesota February 20 1993 p 10D Sentinel Staff July 23 1994 Lana Turner Determined to Beat Cancer Recurrence Orlando Sentinel Orlando Florida p A2 Archived from the original on September 5 2017 Retrieved June 25 2017 Wayne 2003 p 194 Movie star Lana Turner part of Hollywood lore Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Milwaukee Wisconsin June 30 1995 p 6B Wayne 2003 p 13 Wilson 2016 p 761 Paiva Fred Melo April 6 2008 Go Johnny go O Estado de S Paulo in Portuguese Sao Paulo Brazil p J8 O Neill Ann W September 5 1999 Lana Turner s Troubled Legacy Shows Signs of Life After Death Tales of Suzy Bombmaker a Politically Incorrect boss and the judge who said too much Los Angeles Times The Court Files Retrieved March 22 2017 Appeals Court Allows Lana Turner s Daughter to Challenge Trust Provisions Metropolitan News Enterprise Los Angeles September 7 2001 p 5 Retrieved June 25 2017 Turner 1982 p 8 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 24 25 a b c Jordan 2009 p 127 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 34 Valentino 1976 pp 97 195 Morella amp Epstein 1971 pp 40 41 Dyer 1991 pp 186 188 Kashner amp MacNair 2002 pp 257 264 Dyer 1991 pp 186 187 a b Basinger 2008 p 182 Basinger 1976 p 14 Jordan 2009 p 114 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 97 Basinger 1976 p 11 Valentino 1976 p 13 Glamour Award to Lana Turner The Sydney Morning Herald Sydney New South Wales A A P July 4 1951 p 4D via Google News Davis 2005 p 119 a b Crane amp De La Hoz 2008 p 96 Crane amp De La Hoz 2008 p 104 Crane amp De La Hoz 2008 p 99 Turner 1982 p 75 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 30 Maltin Leonard 2005 Lana Turner Biography Leonard Maltin Classic Movie Guide Turner Classic Movies Retrieved July 28 2018 Guilbert 2018 pp 176 177 a b Jordan 2009 p 108 Updike John February 12 1996 Legendary Lana The New Yorker p 68 ISSN 0028 792X Retrieved June 20 2018 Jordan 2009 pp 108 109 Parish 1978 p 401 Blaser John January 1996 The Femme Fatale No Place for a Woman The Family in Film Noir University of California Berkeley Retrieved June 21 2017 GLS 592 The Hard Boiled Dames of Film Noir Graduate Liberal Studies Program University of North Carolina Wilmington Archived from the original on May 23 2018 Morella amp Epstein 1971 p 200 Lana Turner Films in Review National Board of Review of Motion Pictures 24 246 1973 Basinger 1976 p 88 Basinger 2008 p 181 Jordan 2009 pp 109 113 Sutherland amp Fender 2011 p 54 Dargis 2003 p 33 Ihnat Gwen September 2 2015 It only took 30 years for My Baby Just Cares For Me to be a hit A V Music Retrieved May 27 2018 Ingham 2005 p 138 Petrusich Amanda September 29 2015 Lana Del Rey Is Exhausted The New Yorker Archived from the original on April 30 2016 Varga George February 14 2018 Lana Del Rey has legs a stalker four Grammy nominations and a possible Broadway musical The San Diego Union Tribune San Diego California Archived from the original on May 24 2018 Retrieved May 24 2018 Garcia Mark The HHS Auditorium Mural Hollywood High School Alumni Association Archived from the original on May 24 2018 Retrieved May 24 2018 Aquino Tara Hoare Peter August 27 2012 The 50 Most Infamous Actresses of All Time Complex Retrieved July 27 2018 Sources EditBamont Tony Jacobson Butch 2017 Historic Wallace Idaho Spokane Washington Tornado Creek Publications ISBN 978 0 982 15296 6 Barton Ruth 2010 Hedy Lamarr The Most Beautiful Woman in Film Lexington Kentucky University Press of Kentucky ISBN 978 0 813 12604 3 Basinger Jeanine 1976 Lana Turner New York Pyramid Publications ISBN 978 0 515 04194 1 Basinger Jeanine 2008 The Star Machine New York Knopf ISBN 978 0 307 49128 2 Bellows Barbara L 2006 A Talent for Living Josephine Pinckney and the Charleston Literary Tradition Baton Rouge Louisiana Louisiana State University Press ISBN 978 0 807 15734 3 Billips Connie J Pierce Arthur 1995 Lux Presents Hollywood A Show by Show History of the Lux Radio Theatre and the Lux Video Theatre 1934 1957 Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 0 899 50938 9 Breuer William B 1989 Sea Wolf A Biography of John D Bulkeley USN Novato California Presidio ISBN 978 0 89141 335 6 Brook Vincent 2013 Land of Smoke and Mirrors A Cultural History of Los Angeles Rutgers New Jersey Rutgers University Press ISBN 978 0 813 55458 7 Brown Peter Harry Broeske Pat H 2004 Howard Hughes The Untold Story Cambridge Massachusetts Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 81392 4 Busch Niven December 23 1940 Lana Turner Life Vol 9 no 26 Time Inc pp 62 65 ISSN 0024 3019 via Google Books Clements Cynthia Weber Sandra 1996 George Burns and Gracie Allen A Bio Bibliography Vol 72 New York Greenwood Press ISBN 978 0 313 26883 0 Conklin John E 2009 Campus Life in the Movies A Critical Survey from the Silent Era to the Present Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 0 786 45235 4 Crane Cheryl 1988 Detour A Hollywood Story New York Arbor House William Morrow ISBN 0 87795 938 2 Crane Cheryl De La Hoz Cindy 2008 Lana The Memories the Myths the Movies Philadelphia Pennsylvania Running Press ISBN 978 0 762 43316 2 Dargis Manohla 2003 L A Confidential BFI Film Classics London Macmillan ISBN 978 0 851 70944 4 Davis Ronald L 2005 Just Making Movies Company Directors on the Studio System Jackson Mississippi University Press of Mississippi ISBN 978 1 578 06691 9 Dennis Jeffrey P 2007 We Boys Together Teenagers in Love Before Girl Craziness Nashville Tennessee Vanderbilt University Press ISBN 978 0 826 51557 5 Dyer Richard 1991 Four Films of Lana Turner In Fischer Lucy ed Imitation of Life New Brunswick New Jersey Rutgers University Press pp 186 206 ISBN 0 8135 1644 7 Erickson Hal 2017 Any Resemblance to Actual Persons The Real People Behind 400 Fictional Movie Characters Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 1 476 62930 8 Feldstein Ruth 2000 Motherhood in Black and White Race and Sex in American Liberalism 1930 1965 Ithaca New York Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 8438 4 Fields Jill 2007 An Intimate Affair Women Lingerie and Sexuality Los Angeles University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 22369 1 Fischer Lucy ed 1991 Imitation of Life New Brunswick New Jersey Rutgers University Press ISBN 0 8135 1644 7 Grams Martin 2000 Radio Drama A Comprehensive Chronicle of American Network Programs 1932 1962 Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 0 786 40051 5 Greene Heather 2018 Bell Book and Camera A Critical History of Witches in American Film and Television Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 1 476 63206 3 Guilbert Georges Claude 2018 Gay Icons The Mostly Female Entertainers Gay Men Love Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 1 476 67433 9 Heyer Paul 2005 The Medium and the Magician Orson Welles the Radio Years 1934 1952 Lanham Maryland Rowman and Littlefield ISBN 978 0 742 53797 2 Ingham Chris 2005 Frank Sinatra New York Rough Guides ISBN 978 1 843 53414 3 Jordan David M 2011 FDR Dewey and the Election of 1944 Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press ISBN 978 0 253 00562 5 Jordan Jessica Hope 2009 The Sex Goddess in American Film 1930 1965 Jean Harlow Mae West Lana Turner and Jayne Mansfield Amherst New York Cambria Press ISBN 978 1 60497 663 2 Kashner Sam MacNair Jennifer 2002 The Bad amp the Beautiful Hollywood in the Fifties New York W W Norton amp Company ISBN 978 0 393 32436 5 Kohn George C 2001 The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal Facts on File Library of American History Revised ed New York Infobase Publishing ISBN 978 1 438 13022 4 Langer Carole dir 2001 Lana Turner a Daughter s Memoir Documentary Turner Classic Movies Lawson Kristan Rufus Anneli 2000 California Babylon A Guide to Site of Scandal Mayhem and Celluloid in the Golden State Revised ed New York St Martin s Griffin ISBN 978 0 312 26385 0 Lewis Jon 2017 Hard Boiled Hollywood Crime and Punishment in Postwar Los Angeles Los Angeles University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 28432 6 McClelland Doug 1992 Forties Film Talk Oral Histories of Hollywood with 120 Lobby Posters Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 0 899 50672 2 Moore Roger 2014 Last Man Standing Tales from Tinseltown London Michael O Mara Books ISBN 978 1 782 43267 8 Morella Joe Epstein Edward Z 1971 Lana The Public and Private Lives of Miss Turner New York Citadel Press ISBN 0 8065 0226 6 Parish James Robert Bowers Ronald L 1973 The MGM Stock Company The Golden Era New Rochelle New York Arlington House ISBN 978 0 870 00128 4 Parish James Robert 1978 The Hollywood Beauties New Rochelle New York Arlington House ISBN 978 0 87000 412 4 Parish James 2001 The Hollywood Book of Death The Bizarre Often Sordid Passings of More than 125 American Movie and TV Idols New York McGraw Hill Education ISBN 978 0 8092 2227 8 Parish James Robert 2011 The Hollywood Book of Extravagance The Totally Infamous Mostly Disastrous and Always Compelling Excesses of America s Film and TV Idols New York John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 03902 1 Pitts Michael R 2015 RKO Radio Pictures Horror Science Fiction and Fantasy Films 1929 1956 Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 1 476 61683 4 Raha Maria 2008 Hellions Pop Culture s Rebel Women Berkeley California Seal Press ISBN 978 0 7867 2626 4 Robbins Jann 2008 Harold and Me My Life Love and Hard Times with Harold Robbins New York Forge Books ISBN 978 0 7653 0003 4 Schatz Thomas 1999 Boom and Bust American Cinema in the 1940s Los Angeles University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 22130 7 Shipman Dan 1970 The Great Movie Stars The Golden Years Boston Massachusetts Little Brown amp Company ISBN 978 0 316 78487 0 Slide Anthony 1998 The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn ISBN 978 1 57958 056 8 Staggs Sam 2009 Born to Be Hurt The Untold Story of Imitation of Life New York Macmillan ISBN 978 0 312 37336 8 Sutherland John Fender Stephen 2011 Love Sex Death and Words Surprising Tales From a Year in Literature Reprint ed London Icon Books Ltd ISBN 978 1 848 31247 0 Thomas Tony 1997 A Wonderful Life The Films and Career of James Stewart New York Citadel Press ISBN 978 0 806 51953 1 Turner Lana 1982 Lana The Lady the Legend the Truth 1st ed New York Dutton ISBN 0 525 24106 X Valentino Lou 1976 The Films of Lana Turner Seacaucus New Jersey Citadel Press ISBN 978 0 8065 0553 4 Wayne Jane Ellen 2003 The Golden Girls of MGM Greta Garbo Joan Crawford Lana Turner Judy Garland Ava Gardner Grace Kelly and Others New York Carroll amp Graf ISBN 0 7867 1303 8 Wilson Scott 2016 Resting Places The Burial Sites of More Than 14 000 Famous Persons 3rd ed Jefferson North Carolina McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 7992 4 External links EditLana Turner at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Lana Turner at AllMovie Lana Turner at IMDb Lana Turner at the TCM Movie Database Lana Turner media archive at the University of Alabama Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lana Turner amp oldid 1138339762, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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