fbpx
Wikipedia

O Estado de S. Paulo

February 05, 2023

O Estado de S. Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [u (i)sˈtadu d(ʒi) sɐ̃w ˈpawlu]; lit. 'The State of São Paulo'), also known as Estadão (Portuguese: [istaˈdɐ̃w]; lit. 'Big State'), is a daily newspaper published in São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil,[3] and its format changed from broadsheet to berliner on October 17, 2021.[4][5]

O Estado de S. Paulo
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBerliner
Owner(s)Grupo Estado
Founder(s)
  • José Maria Lisboa
  • Francisco Rangel Pestana
  • Américo de Campos
EditorJoão Caminoto
Founded4 January 1875; 148 years ago (1875-01-04)
Political alignmentEconomic liberalism[1]
Liberal conservatism[1]
LanguagePortuguese
HeadquartersAv. Eng. Caetano Álvares, 55
São Paulo, SP
02598-900
CountryBrazil
Circulation225,342 (2021)[2]
ISSN1516-2931
Websitewww.estadao.com.br

It has the second-largest circulation in the city of São Paulo, behind only Folha de S. Paulo. The journal was founded on 4 January 1875, and was first called A Província de São Paulo (lit. 'The Province of São Paulo').[6] An active supporter at the beginning of the military dictatorship in Brazil, which lasted from 1964 to 1985, O Estado de S. Paulo is described by observers as having a right-wing, conservative editorial stance.[7] It is considered a newspaper of record for Brazil.[8]

History

 
Bernard Gregoire riding a horse and playing a cornet is the symbol of the newspaper.

The term Província ("Province") was preserved until January 1890, one month after the fall of the monarchy and the subsequent republican regime in Brazil.[6] Although the newspaper supported the change, it showed that it was completely independent, refusing to serve the interests of the ascendant Republican Party of São Paulo.

When the then editor in chief Francisco Rangel Pestana left to work in a project of the Constitution, in Petrópolis, the young editor Julio de Mesquita effectively took control of Estado and initiated a series of innovations. One of the innovations was the engagement of the agency Havas, once the largest in the world.

The Estadão pioneered the newspaper selling system in 1875, where it was sold on the streets, instead of by the subscription-only system adopted by all other newspapers in Brazil before that time. At first, this new way of selling resulted in jokes and mockery, but ultimately all rivals adopted the same system. Today, newspapers in Brazil are sold in small street newspapers/magazines shops, and by single sellers located in the main avenues of the biggest cities. Back in the 19th century, the Estadão was sold by only one man, a French immigrant, who carried his newspapers in a bag, while riding a horse, and announcing himself with a cornet.

19th century

In the end of the 19th century, the Estado was already the largest newspaper in São Paulo, exceeding the circulation of the Correio Paulistano. Property of the Mesquita family since 1902,[9] the Estado supported the Allied cause in World War I, suffering reprisals from the German community in the city, which removed all advertising announcements from the newspaper. Despite this, the Mesquitas maintained their editorial position. During the war, the afternoon edition of the newspaper began to circulate throughout the country. It was known as Estadinho (lit. "Little Estado"), directed by the then young Júlio de Mesquita Filho.

In 1924, the newspaper Estado was banned from circulation for the first time, after the defeat of the tenants' rebellion that shook the city. Júlio Mesquita, who tried to mediate a dialogue between the rebels and the government, was imprisoned and taken to Rio de Janeiro, before being freed shortly thereafter.[10]

With the death of the old director of 1927, his son Júlio de Mesquita Filho assumed the directory along with his brother Franscisco, the latter managing the financial aspects of the newspaper. In 1930, the Estado, connected to the Democratic Party, supported the candidature of Getúlio Vargas for the Liberal Alliance.[10] With the victory of Vargas, the newspaper saw the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 as a mark of the end of the oligarchy system.[10]

The Grupo Estado assumed in 1932 the leadership of the constitutionalist revolution. With its defeat, many people from the directory were exiled, including Júlio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita.[10] One year later, in August, Getúlio Vargas invited Armando de Salles Oliveira to be the governor in São Paulo. Armando Salles, son-in-law of Júlio Mesquita (by then already deceased), imposed as a condition for his acceptance the position the amnesty of the rebels of 1932 and a convocation of a constituent assembly. Vargas agreed and Júlio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita, as well as other exiled people, returned to Brazil.[11]

Years later, with the appearance of the "Estado Novo", the newspaper maintained its opposition to the regime, and in March 1940 it was invaded by DOPS (part of the government that controlled and restrained opponents and movements that were antithetical to the Estado Novo regime) and the paper was altered by them to state that, with absurdity and mockery, "guns were arrested" in the redaction. The newspaper was initially closed and afterwards was confiscated by the dictatorship, being administrated by DIP (Department of the Press [Port."Imprense"] and Propaganda) until 1945, when the Estado was returned by the Supreme Federal Court to its legitimate owners. The numbers published during this governmental intervention are not considered part of the actual history of the paper.

Shortly after World War II the Estado enjoyed great advances, with the increase in editing and of its good reputation. In the 1950s, the Major Quedinho Street headquarters were built, adjacent to the Hotel Jaraguá. That was the phase when the section Internacional ("International") of the newspaper, directed by the journalist Giannino Carta and by Ruy Mesquita, became known as the most complete of any national newspaper. From that time until the 1970s, O Estado showed almost exclusively international news on its first page.

República Nova

During the República Nova ("New Republic") (1946–1964) the Estado profiled itself to the National Democratic Union of Carlos Lacerda and opposed all the other governments, especially João Goulart. In 1954, O Estado de S. Paulo led a national campaign against the elected democratic President, Getúlio Vargas, leading him to commit suicide. In 1962, the director Júlio de Mesquita Filho even wrote a Roteiro da Revolução ("Guide to Revolution"), in an attempt to unify civilian opposition against the army, the then called "boasting party", which had intervened in Brazilian politics since the beginning of the Republic. In 1964, the Estado supported the military coup[11] and the indirect election of Castelo Branco. Shortly after the Institutional Act n° 2 which dissolved the other political parties, the journal broke away from the regime.[11]

Censorship

On 13 November 1968, the editor of the Estado was arrested because of Mesquita Filho's refusal to eliminate from the section Notas e Informações ("Notes and Information") the editorial Instituições em Frangalhos ("Institutions in Frazzles").[12] where he denounced the end of any normal and simple democratic appearance. From then on, the newspaper began disputing censored editions of its news by the Brazilian Federal Police, unlike other national newspapers that did not dispute censorship by the government.

With the death of Mesquita Filho, the Estado was directed by Julio de Mesquita Neto. Then, the newspaper gained worldwide visibility when it denounced the preemptive censorship of articles and replaced them with verses of the Portuguese classic The Lusiads, by Luís de Camões.[12] In 1974, it received the Golden Pen of Freedom Award, bestowed by the International Federation of Editions and Newspapers.[12]

In the 1970s, the newspaper ran into debt because of the construction of its new headquarters by the Tietê river, leading to a financial crisis, as it competed with a new standard of journalism represented by Folha de S. Paulo.

After military dictatorship

 
Headquarters of the newspaper on the Marginal Tietê

In 1986, the Estado hired the renowned journalist Augusto Nunes to be its chief editor. He updated the news bulletin of Estado and endeavored upon a series of reformed graphics, that would result in the adoption, in 1991, of colored printing in its daily editions. Before that, Estado was not issued on Monday and holidays. In 1996, Júlio de Mesquita Neto died and Ruy Mesquita, his brother, became the new director. Previously, Ruy directed Jornal da Tarde, owned by the Estado network.

After an unsuccessful experience in the area of telecommunications, the Estado network was restructured in 2003 and most of the Mesquita family lost their directorship roles. Massive layoffs also occurred. After balancing its budget, the Estado embarked upon a new graphic reformulation in October 2004. It also created new notebooks and received many prizes for excellence in graphic displays.

Grupo Estado

Besides the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo, the Estado network has control over the OESP Mídia (1984), a company that runs advertisements. Grupo Estado also owns the radios Rádio Eldorado AM and FM (1972) and the Estado Agency (1970), the largest news agency in Brazil. Jornal da Tarde (1966)[11] was discontinued[13] in 2012.

In 2013, another big reorganization[14] followed. Employees were laid off and the paper reduced the number of pages.

Political stance

The oldest of all the sections, known as Notas e Informações ("Notes and Information"), appears on page 3 and presents a republican institutionalist view, emphasizing liberty of expression, economic liberalism and Rechtsstaat – one of flagship columns of O Estado de S. Paulo. It was, initially, a supporter of the 1964 military coup d'état in Brazil and of the military dictatorship that then ensued.[15] To this day, the newspaper is perceived to hold "right-wing" or "conservative" positions along the Brazilian political spectrum.[7]

Recent circulation history

Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total circulation 241,913 220,387 210,394 203,272 239,432 245,482 233,315 225,342

References

  1. ^ a b Eleonora de Magalhães Carvalho (2013). "Imprensa e poder: politização ou partidarização dos jornais brasileiros" (PDF). Universidade Federal Fluminense. ISSN 2236-6490. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  2. ^ "Jornais em 2021: impresso cai 13%; digital sobe 6%". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Grandes jornais mantêm circulação nos 2 primeiros anos de Bolsonaro". Poder360. 25 January 2021.
  4. ^ "Conheça as inovações e mudanças de formato do Estadão desde 1875". Estadao.com. 17 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Multiplataforma, 'Estadão' renova e aprimora sua versão impressa". Estadao.com. 16 October 2021.
  6. ^ a b (in Portuguese) History of Estado de S. Paulo
  7. ^ a b "Eleonora de Magalhães Carvalho (2013). «Imprensa e poder: politização ou partidarização dos jornais brasileiros»" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal Fluminense. May 2013. ISSN 2236-6490. Retrieved 4 May 2020 – via Compolítica.
  8. ^ "O Estado de S. Paulo". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 October 2013. It is the ... country's newspaper of record. O Estado is sometimes called the 'New York Times of Latin America' because of its grave editorial demeanour.
  9. ^ (in Portuguese) History of Estado de S. Paulo (Cont.3)
  10. ^ a b c d (in Portuguese) History of Estado de S. Paulo (Cont.4)
  11. ^ a b c d (in Portuguese) History of Estado de S. Paulo (Cont.5)
  12. ^ a b c (in Portuguese) History of Estado de S. Paulo (Cont.6)
  13. ^ "Jornal da Tarde deixará de circular após 46 anos; Grupo Estado fala em reduzir custos - Notícias - Cotidiano". Cotidiano (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  14. ^ "Jornal O Estado de S. Paulo anuncia reestruturação e cortes | EXAME.com - Negócios, economia, tecnologia e carreira". exame.abril.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 April 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  15. ^ http://www.revistaforum.com.br/mariafro/2014/03/31/a-midia-monopolizada-o-globo-jb-estado-de-s-paulo-folha-de-s-paulo-etc-apoiou-o-golpe-de-1964-que-depos-o-presidente-joao-goulart/ Revista Forum

Further reading

  • Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp. 117–23

External links

 
Scholia has a profile for O Estado de São Paulo (Q1628345).
  • (in Portuguese) Chronology and Historic summary of the Journal
  • (in Portuguese) O Estado de S. Paulo online edition
  • (in Portuguese) O Acervo Estadão (digital archive 1875-present)
  • (in Portuguese) Agência Estado
  • (in Portuguese) Code of conduct and ethics

February 05, 2023
estado, paulo, portuguese, pronunciation, sˈtadu, ˈpawlu, state, são, paulo, also, known, estadão, portuguese, istaˈdɐ, state, daily, newspaper, published, são, paulo, brazil, third, largest, newspaper, brazil, format, changed, from, broadsheet, berliner, octo. O Estado de S Paulo Portuguese pronunciation u i sˈtadu d ʒi sɐ w ˈpawlu lit The State of Sao Paulo also known as Estadao Portuguese istaˈdɐ w lit Big State is a daily newspaper published in Sao Paulo Brazil It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil 3 and its format changed from broadsheet to berliner on October 17 2021 4 5 O Estado de S PauloTypeDaily newspaperFormatBerlinerOwner s Grupo EstadoFounder s Jose Maria LisboaFrancisco Rangel PestanaAmerico de CamposEditorJoao CaminotoFounded4 January 1875 148 years ago 1875 01 04 Political alignmentEconomic liberalism 1 Liberal conservatism 1 LanguagePortugueseHeadquartersAv Eng Caetano Alvares 55Sao Paulo SP02598 900CountryBrazilCirculation225 342 2021 2 ISSN1516 2931Websitewww wbr estadao wbr com wbr brMedia of BrazilList of newspapersIt has the second largest circulation in the city of Sao Paulo behind only Folha de S Paulo The journal was founded on 4 January 1875 and was first called A Provincia de Sao Paulo lit The Province of Sao Paulo 6 An active supporter at the beginning of the military dictatorship in Brazil which lasted from 1964 to 1985 O Estado de S Paulo is described by observers as having a right wing conservative editorial stance 7 It is considered a newspaper of record for Brazil 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 19th century 1 2 Republica Nova 1 3 Censorship 1 4 After military dictatorship 2 Grupo Estado 3 Political stance 4 Recent circulation history 5 References 5 1 Further reading 6 External linksHistory Edit Bernard Gregoire riding a horse and playing a cornet is the symbol of the newspaper The term Provincia Province was preserved until January 1890 one month after the fall of the monarchy and the subsequent republican regime in Brazil 6 Although the newspaper supported the change it showed that it was completely independent refusing to serve the interests of the ascendant Republican Party of Sao Paulo When the then editor in chief Francisco Rangel Pestana left to work in a project of the Constitution in Petropolis the young editor Julio de Mesquita effectively took control of Estado and initiated a series of innovations One of the innovations was the engagement of the agency Havas once the largest in the world The Estadao pioneered the newspaper selling system in 1875 where it was sold on the streets instead of by the subscription only system adopted by all other newspapers in Brazil before that time At first this new way of selling resulted in jokes and mockery but ultimately all rivals adopted the same system Today newspapers in Brazil are sold in small street newspapers magazines shops and by single sellers located in the main avenues of the biggest cities Back in the 19th century the Estadao was sold by only one man a French immigrant who carried his newspapers in a bag while riding a horse and announcing himself with a cornet 19th century Edit In the end of the 19th century the Estado was already the largest newspaper in Sao Paulo exceeding the circulation of the Correio Paulistano Property of the Mesquita family since 1902 9 the Estado supported the Allied cause in World War I suffering reprisals from the German community in the city which removed all advertising announcements from the newspaper Despite this the Mesquitas maintained their editorial position During the war the afternoon edition of the newspaper began to circulate throughout the country It was known as Estadinho lit Little Estado directed by the then young Julio de Mesquita Filho In 1924 the newspaper Estado was banned from circulation for the first time after the defeat of the tenants rebellion that shook the city Julio Mesquita who tried to mediate a dialogue between the rebels and the government was imprisoned and taken to Rio de Janeiro before being freed shortly thereafter 10 With the death of the old director of 1927 his son Julio de Mesquita Filho assumed the directory along with his brother Franscisco the latter managing the financial aspects of the newspaper In 1930 the Estado connected to the Democratic Party supported the candidature of Getulio Vargas for the Liberal Alliance 10 With the victory of Vargas the newspaper saw the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 as a mark of the end of the oligarchy system 10 The Grupo Estado assumed in 1932 the leadership of the constitutionalist revolution With its defeat many people from the directory were exiled including Julio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita 10 One year later in August Getulio Vargas invited Armando de Salles Oliveira to be the governor in Sao Paulo Armando Salles son in law of Julio Mesquita by then already deceased imposed as a condition for his acceptance the position the amnesty of the rebels of 1932 and a convocation of a constituent assembly Vargas agreed and Julio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita as well as other exiled people returned to Brazil 11 Years later with the appearance of the Estado Novo the newspaper maintained its opposition to the regime and in March 1940 it was invaded by DOPS part of the government that controlled and restrained opponents and movements that were antithetical to the Estado Novo regime and the paper was altered by them to state that with absurdity and mockery guns were arrested in the redaction The newspaper was initially closed and afterwards was confiscated by the dictatorship being administrated by DIP Department of the Press Port Imprense and Propaganda until 1945 when the Estado was returned by the Supreme Federal Court to its legitimate owners The numbers published during this governmental intervention are not considered part of the actual history of the paper Shortly after World War II the Estado enjoyed great advances with the increase in editing and of its good reputation In the 1950s the Major Quedinho Street headquarters were built adjacent to the Hotel Jaragua That was the phase when the section Internacional International of the newspaper directed by the journalist Giannino Carta and by Ruy Mesquita became known as the most complete of any national newspaper From that time until the 1970s O Estado showed almost exclusively international news on its first page Republica Nova Edit During the Republica Nova New Republic 1946 1964 the Estado profiled itself to the National Democratic Union of Carlos Lacerda and opposed all the other governments especially Joao Goulart In 1954 O Estado de S Paulo led a national campaign against the elected democratic President Getulio Vargas leading him to commit suicide In 1962 the director Julio de Mesquita Filho even wrote a Roteiro da Revolucao Guide to Revolution in an attempt to unify civilian opposition against the army the then called boasting party which had intervened in Brazilian politics since the beginning of the Republic In 1964 the Estado supported the military coup 11 and the indirect election of Castelo Branco Shortly after the Institutional Act n 2 which dissolved the other political parties the journal broke away from the regime 11 Censorship Edit On 13 November 1968 the editor of the Estado was arrested because of Mesquita Filho s refusal to eliminate from the section Notas e Informacoes Notes and Information the editorial Instituicoes em Frangalhos Institutions in Frazzles 12 where he denounced the end of any normal and simple democratic appearance From then on the newspaper began disputing censored editions of its news by the Brazilian Federal Police unlike other national newspapers that did not dispute censorship by the government With the death of Mesquita Filho the Estado was directed by Julio de Mesquita Neto Then the newspaper gained worldwide visibility when it denounced the preemptive censorship of articles and replaced them with verses of the Portuguese classic The Lusiads by Luis de Camoes 12 In 1974 it received the Golden Pen of Freedom Award bestowed by the International Federation of Editions and Newspapers 12 In the 1970s the newspaper ran into debt because of the construction of its new headquarters by the Tiete river leading to a financial crisis as it competed with a new standard of journalism represented by Folha de S Paulo After military dictatorship Edit Headquarters of the newspaper on the Marginal Tiete In 1986 the Estado hired the renowned journalist Augusto Nunes to be its chief editor He updated the news bulletin of Estado and endeavored upon a series of reformed graphics that would result in the adoption in 1991 of colored printing in its daily editions Before that Estado was not issued on Monday and holidays In 1996 Julio de Mesquita Neto died and Ruy Mesquita his brother became the new director Previously Ruy directed Jornal da Tarde owned by the Estado network After an unsuccessful experience in the area of telecommunications the Estado network was restructured in 2003 and most of the Mesquita family lost their directorship roles Massive layoffs also occurred After balancing its budget the Estado embarked upon a new graphic reformulation in October 2004 It also created new notebooks and received many prizes for excellence in graphic displays Grupo Estado EditBesides the newspaper O Estado de S Paulo the Estado network has control over the OESP Midia 1984 a company that runs advertisements Grupo Estado also owns the radios Radio Eldorado AM and FM 1972 and the Estado Agency 1970 the largest news agency in Brazil Jornal da Tarde 1966 11 was discontinued 13 in 2012 In 2013 another big reorganization 14 followed Employees were laid off and the paper reduced the number of pages Political stance EditThe oldest of all the sections known as Notas e Informacoes Notes and Information appears on page 3 and presents a republican institutionalist view emphasizing liberty of expression economic liberalism and Rechtsstaat one of flagship columns of O Estado de S Paulo It was initially a supporter of the 1964 military coup d etat in Brazil and of the military dictatorship that then ensued 15 To this day the newspaper is perceived to hold right wing or conservative positions along the Brazilian political spectrum 7 Recent circulation history EditYear 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Total circulation 241 913 220 387 210 394 203 272 239 432 245 482 233 315 225 342References Edit a b Eleonora de Magalhaes Carvalho 2013 Imprensa e poder politizacao ou partidarizacao dos jornais brasileiros PDF Universidade Federal Fluminense ISSN 2236 6490 Retrieved 3 May 2016 Jornais em 2021 impresso cai 13 digital sobe 6 Poder360 in Brazilian Portuguese 1 February 2022 Grandes jornais mantem circulacao nos 2 primeiros anos de Bolsonaro Poder360 25 January 2021 Conheca as inovacoes e mudancas de formato do Estadao desde 1875 Estadao com 17 October 2021 Multiplataforma Estadao renova e aprimora sua versao impressa Estadao com 16 October 2021 a b in Portuguese History of Estado de S Paulo a b Eleonora de Magalhaes Carvalho 2013 Imprensa e poder politizacao ou partidarizacao dos jornais brasileiros PDF in Portuguese Universidade Federal Fluminense May 2013 ISSN 2236 6490 Retrieved 4 May 2020 via Compolitica O Estado de S Paulo Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 10 October 2013 It is the country s newspaper of record O Estado is sometimes called the New York Times of Latin America because of its grave editorial demeanour in Portuguese History of Estado de S Paulo Cont 3 a b c d in Portuguese History of Estado de S Paulo Cont 4 a b c d in Portuguese History of Estado de S Paulo Cont 5 a b c in Portuguese History of Estado de S Paulo Cont 6 Jornal da Tarde deixara de circular apos 46 anos Grupo Estado fala em reduzir custos Noticias Cotidiano Cotidiano in Brazilian Portuguese Retrieved 23 February 2017 Jornal O Estado de S Paulo anuncia reestruturacao e cortes EXAME com Negocios economia tecnologia e carreira exame abril com br in Brazilian Portuguese 8 April 2013 Retrieved 23 February 2017 http www revistaforum com br mariafro 2014 03 31 a midia monopolizada o globo jb estado de s paulo folha de s paulo etc apoiou o golpe de 1964 que depos o presidente joao goulart Revista Forum Further reading Edit Merrill John C and Harold A Fisher The world s great dailies profiles of fifty newspapers 1980 pp 117 23External links Edit Scholia has a profile for O Estado de Sao Paulo Q1628345 Brazil portal Journalism portal in Portuguese Chronology and Historic summary of the Journal in Portuguese O Estado de S Paulo online edition in Portuguese O Acervo Estadao digital archive 1875 present in Portuguese Agencia Estado in Portuguese Code of conduct and ethics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title O Estado de S Paulo amp oldid 1124394934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.