Kaduna
Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.[3][4]
Kaduna | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Lugard Hall, the Kaduna River, columns in honour of Elizabeth II's state visit, and entrance of Hassan Usman Katsina House | |
Location in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 10°31′23″N 7°26′25″E / 10.52306°N 7.44028°E | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Kaduna State |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Uba Sani |
| Area | |
| • Total | 431 km2 (166 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 250 m (820 ft) |
| Population (2006 census)[1] | |
| • Total | 760,084 |
| • Rank | 8th |
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi) |
| • Ethnicities | |
| GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar) | |
| • Year | 2023 |
| • Total | $9.7 billion[2] |
| • Per capita | $8,200 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (CEST) |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | www |
The population of Kaduna was at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census.[5] Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, as at 2023, the estimated population is 1.1 million.[6]
Etymology edit
The etymology of the word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word for "crocodiles", Kaddanni in the Hausa language (kaduna being the plural form).[7] Another version of the name proposes a link to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna', meaning 'river'.[8]
History edit
Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1900.[9] The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard, chose the present site for development due to its proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway.[10] It became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917,[11] and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organizations especially in Northern Nigeria.[citation needed]
In 1976, when the General Murtala Mohammed administration created seven new states in Nigeria, North Central State, with capital at Kaduna, was renamed Kaduna State. It was made up of the two colonial period Provinces of Zaria and Katsina. When in 1991, the number of states in the country was increased from twenty-one to thirty. Katsina Province became Katsina State, while the old Zaria Province became the new Kaduna State. There are twenty three local government areas (LGAs) in the state, although the number of ethnic groups is much larger.[12]
Economy edit
Industries edit
Kaduna is a major industrial center in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like textiles, machinery, steel, aluminum, petroleum products and bearings.[13] However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect during the military dictatorship in Nigeria. Other light manufactures include: plastics, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, furniture, and televisions.[10] Agriculture is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city.[14] Some main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.[15] Kaduna also has a branch of the Nigerian Stock Exchange.[10] Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.[16] Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an assembly plant in Kaduna.[17] Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main oil refineries is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields.[10][18]
A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment. 20% of the population was estimated to be unemployed.[16]
Sports and tourism edit
There is a large racecourse named Murtala Mohammed Square, approximately 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) round, inside which is found the Kaduna Polo Club. Kaduna Golf Club is also located within the Kaduna CBD. Other sports facilities include the Ahmadu Bello Stadium and Ranchers Bees Stadium. There are several hotels in the city.[19][citation needed]
Infrastructure edit
The infrastructure network in the city are currently being developed under the administration of Nasir el-Rufai. Kaduna has an inland dry port.[20] The Nigerian military has several installations in the city including the Nigerian Defence Academy.[21]
Airport edit
The city is served by Kaduna International Airport. The airport commenced operations in 1982.[22] The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city.[23][24]
Railways edit
Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from the Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna.[25] Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network. At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos–Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt–Maiduguri railway.[citation needed]
Education edit
Kaduna is popularly known as the centre of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions located in the state. Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna city include:
- Kaduna State University[26]
- Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna[21]
- Greenfield University Kaduna[27]
- National Open University of Nigeria, Kaduna Study Center
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna[28]
- National Teachers Institute (NTI), Kaduna[29]
- School of Midwifery Kaduna[30]
- Kaduna Polytechnic (1968), Kaduna[31][32]
- National board for Islamic and Arabic studies[33]
- Kaduna Business School[34][35]
- Dialogue Institute Kaduna
- Institute of Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna.[36]
- National board for Arabic and Islamic studies
- National center for nomadic education
- Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State
Administrative Areas edit
Administration of the state started with the concept of Provincial Administration and Native/Local Authority systems. However, in 1976 the Mohammed Administration introduced the Local Government Area system (LGA) which delegated some responsibilities to the elected/appointed councillors. With each successive Federal Military Administration, the number of the LGAs in Kaduna State increased from fourteen in early 1980s to the present twenty three in 1998. In each LGA, smaller units such as districts and wards, are recognised.[12]
Places of worship edit
Among the places of worship, there are churches and mosques.[37] Sultan Bello Mosque is the biggest and a central mosque in Kaduna. There are also churches: Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Living Faith Church Worldwide, Redeemed Christian Church of God, Assemblies of God, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna (Catholic Church), Mountain of fire and miracles ministries, Universal Reformed Christian Church, Kaduna (Protestant Church).[citation needed]
Climate edit
Climate: Kaduna State experiences a typical tropical continental climate with distinct seasonal regimes, oscillating between cool to hot dry and humid to wel. These two seasons reflect the influ- ences of tropical continental and equatorial mar itime airmasses which sweep over the entire coun try. However, in Kaduna State, the seasonality is pronounced with the cool to hot dry season being longer than the rainy season. Again, the spatial and temporal distribution of the rain varies. decreasing from an average of about 1530mm in Kafanchan-Kagoro areas in the Southeast to about 1015mm in Ikara-Makarfi districts in the northeast. High storm intensities (ranging from 60mm hr-1 to 99mm hr-1) plus the nature of surface runoff build up the good network of medium sized river sys- temps High evaporation during the dry season ton however, creates water shortage problems espe cinity in Igabi, Giwa, Soba, Makarfi)and Ikara LGA.[12]
The Kaduna region has a tropical climate. The summers have a lot more rain than the winters do. The predominant climate in this area is categorised as Aw by the Köppen-Geiger scale. Kaduna's yearly mean temperature is 25.2 °C, or 77.4 °F. A total of 39.3 inches or 998 mm of precipitation falls per year.
Due to its proximity to the equator, Kaduna's summers are difficult to characterise. January, February, March, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December are the finest months to travel.[38]| Climate data for Kaduna | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.8 (100.0) | 38.3 (100.9) | 38.3 (100.9) | 37.8 (100.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 38.3 (100.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.2 (93.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.2 (88.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 24.8 (76.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 14.3 (57.7) | 18.4 (65.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) | 8.9 (48.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 13.3 (55.9) | 10.0 (50.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 8.9 (48.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.5 (0.02) | 2 (0.1) | 13 (0.5) | 66 (2.6) | 157 (6.2) | 178 (7.0) | 206 (8.1) | 290 (11.4) | 277 (10.9) | 86 (3.4) | 5 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1,280 (50.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.3 mm) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 21 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 105 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 26 | 24 | 37 | 57 | 73 | 82 | 86 | 88 | 85 | 74 | 48 | 31 | 59 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279.0 | 262.7 | 266.6 | 243.0 | 241.8 | 216.0 | 155.0 | 120.9 | 171.0 | 248.0 | 285.0 | 294.5 | 2,783.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.0 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 7.6 |
| Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[39] | |||||||||||||
Notable people edit
- Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the "underwear bomber" suspect of the terrorist arson attempt on Northwest flight 253 in December 2009, grew up here.[40][41][42]
- Efe Ambrose, footballer who played for the Nigeria national football team was born and raised here[43][44]
- Tijani Babangida, footballer who played winger with Ajax[45][46]
- Celestine Babayaro, footballer who played mainly in the Premier League[43]
- David Egbo, footballer
- Michael Eneramo, footballer
- Fiona Fullerton, British actress and former Bond girl
- Leke James, footballer[47][48]
- Shehu Musa Yaradua, politician and elder statesman
- Zamani Lekwot, statesman[49][50]
- Umaru mutallab Nigerian business mogul
- Hassan usman katsina elder statesman.
- Ibrahim Zakzaky The Islamic preacher.[citation needed]
- Magaji Muhammed politician and elder statesman.
- Mamman Daura elder statesman
- Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi, politician[51]
- Mohammed Namadi Sambo, politician[52]
- Shehu Sani, politician[53][54]
- Uba Sani, politician[55][56]
- Dahiru Sadi, footballer[57]
- Adam A Zango, Kannywood actor, musician, singer and dancer.[58]
- Talib Zanna (born 1990), basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League
See also edit
References edit
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- ^ "TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "Kaduna - Abuja Train Schedule & Ticket Prices (August 2023) | Nigerian Price". 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ^ "Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Kaduna (State, Nigeria) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Kaduna Population 2023". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
- ^ "Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University. OCLC 11043184. OL 2795890M.
- ^ Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 217
- ^ a b c d "Kaduna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- ^ Fletcher, Banister; Dan Cruickshank (1996). "Africa". Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture. Architectural Press. p. 1466. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9.
- ^ a b c U., Aleazu (1986). "Nigeria: After 25 years". Nigeria. 2.
- ^ "Kaduna Town in Kaduna Nigeria Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Nigeria's Bank of Agriculture - financing farmers". SukFin. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
- ^ Lagassé, Paul (January 2000). Kaduna (6th ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780787650155. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Kaduna". The Forum for Cities in Transition. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- ^ "Peugeot Nigeria | Motion & Emotion". www.peugeotnigeria.com. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
- ^ "Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)". www.nnpcgroup.com. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
- ^ "Kaduna Polo Club Murtala Muhammed Square - Kaduna - WorldPlaces". nigeria.worldplaces.me. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Kaduna Inland Dry Port (KIDP)". Kaduna Inland Dry Port. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b "PHOTOS: Passing -out parade of Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna". Vanguard News. 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Kaduna Airport". Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria. 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- ^ "Airports - Farringdon Jets". Retrieved 2023-09-16.
- ^ www.premiumtimesng.com https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434602-nigerian-air-force-conducts-search-rescue-exercise-along-kaduna-abuja-highway.html. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Muhammad, Hamisu (23 July 2016). "A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train". Daily Trust.
- ^ "Nigeria federal, state universities latest update on school resumption date". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Kaduna govt confirms release of abducted Greenfield University students". Vanguard News. 2021-05-30. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ Makinwa, Ekaete (2021-02-16). "List of federal universities in Nigeria and their school fees 2021/2022". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Why we are extending registration for new intakes ―NTI boss". Tribune Online. 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Accreditation: Kaduna College of Nursing seeks govt. support". Vanguard News. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "FG Releases List Of Top 10 Nigerian Polytechnics". The Whistler Nigeria. 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "List of Federal Polytechnic in Nigeria". Pulse Nigeria. 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "We are not responsible for staff salary ― National Arabic Board". Tribune Online. 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "NUC releases names of 58 illegal universities in Nigeria (FULL LIST)". 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
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- ^ "National Eye Centre shutdown 80% services- The Nation Nigeria Newsa". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107
- ^ "Kaduna climate: Temperature Kaduna & Weather By Month - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Kaduna / Nigeria" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ Nossiter, Adam (2010-01-17). "Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect". The New York Times.
- ^ ""Underwear Bomber" Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Pleads Guilty". FBI. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ Childress, Sarah (2010-01-11). "Ghana Probes Visit by Bomb Suspect". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ a b "What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria | Goal.com". www.goal.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
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- ^ "Tijani Babangida opens up on Zidane encounter in Champions League tie". Vanguard News. 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ Alao, Seyi (2020-09-25). "NFF, CAF and Ajax celebrates Tijani Babangida at 47". Latest Sports News In Nigeria. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Leke James eager for Middle East experience after completing Al Qadsiah move | Goal.com". www.goal.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "What more does Leke James need to do to get Super Eagles call-up?". Score Nigeria. 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "SOUTHERN KADUNA KILLINGS: KDSG has questions to answer — Zamani Lekwot". Vanguard News. 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Outsiders caused Southern Kaduna crises, Lekwot declares". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Senator Makarfi loses father". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Ex-Kaduna Speaker Jumare dies - The Nation Newspaper". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "Senator reacts to Gov El-Rufai's outbursts, curses". Pulse Nigeria. 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ "El-Rufai: The three senators representing Kaduna are useless". TheCable. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
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- ^ Simeh, Chamba (2020-11-08). "Kaduna cheers as Uba Sani picks legislative excellence award". Blueprint Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
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- ^ "Angry youth stone, abuse Adam Zango at Kaduna Musical Festival | Premium Times Nigeria". 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
External links edit
Media related to Kaduna at Wikimedia Commons